初中英语鲁教版（五四制）八年级下册Unit 5 I think that mooncakes are delicious知识点

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四制）八年级下册Unit 5 I think that mooncakes are delicious知识点，共9页。
八年级英语下册Unit 5知识点Section A【重点单词及短语】1.crowded 拥挤的 adj.常构成短语be crowded with...，意为“挤满……”例：The shop near my home is always crowded with people.我家附近的那家商店总是挤满了人。[拓展]crowd作动词，意为“拥挤，群集”，也可作名词，意为“人群”例：Hundreds of people crowed into the church.数百人挤进了教堂。A small crowd gathered in the main square.主广场上聚集了一小群人。2.whether 是否；是不是 conj.意为“是否；是不是”，用于表示选择或对某事不确定。例：He wonders whether it will be fine tomorrow.他想知道明天是否会晴天。[拓展] whether作连词,还可意为“不管,不论”,用于表示无论出现什么情况某事肯定发生或不发生。例：I'm calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.我要打电话叫医生来,不管你愿不愿意。3.put on 增加（体重）; 发胖动词短语，后常接表示体重的名词 weight 或“数词+计量名词”。动词put-put-put.例：I have put on five pounds. 我体重增加了5磅。[拓展]put on 的其他常见用法：①表示上演，演出例：They are going to put on Hamlet. 他们打算上演。②表示穿上; 戴上例：He put on his hat and went out of the office without a word.他带上帽子，一句话不说走出了办公室。③表示“把……放在……上”例：Put the plates gently on the table. They are very delicate.把盘子轻放在桌子上，它们非常易碎。4.true 真的；符合事实的 adj.[辨析]true 与realutrue 强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造的 例：Is it true that he is dead?他死了，是真的吗？ureal 强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的例：Santa Claus isn’t a real person.圣诞老人不是一个真实的人物。[拓展]true的副词形式是truly“真正，确实”，名词形式是truth“真理”，to tell the truth意为“说实话”例：This work is truly original.这部作品确实十分独特。How do we know you’re telling the truth?我们怎么知道你说的是实话？5.throw…at...“把……抛/洒向……”,动词throw后接所投掷的物体,用介词at引人泼洒或抛的对象。例：Please don t throw a stone at the window. 请不要对着窗子投掷石块。[拓展]与throw相关的短语还有 throw away扔掉 throw sth.to sb.把某物扔给某人。6.however 不过，然而 adv.有转折的含义，可位于句首、句中或句末例：My room is small；however，it's comfortable.我的房间小，但是舒服。[辨析]however与butuhowever 副词 不过，然而 可位于句首（其后使用逗号）、句中（前后使用逗号）、句末（其前也用逗号）；当位于两句之间时，其前常用分号，或另起新句例：He was ill. However, he still went to work.他病了，然而他依然去上班了。ubut 连词 但是 常位于句中，其后无逗号例：Maybe you are right but I don’t believe you.或许你是对的，但是我不相信你。7.shoot down 射下，击落shoot过去式和过去分词为shot，shot，意为“射击；投篮”例：The plane was shot down.飞机被击落了。[辨析]shoot与shoot atushoot 指“击中，射死，射中”即击中目标，强调射击的结果。ushoot at 指朝某人或某物射击，不强调是否射中，而强调射击的动作8.medicine 药 n.medicine不可数名词，意为“药”固定短语take/have the medicine 意为“吃药”。medicine的形容词形式为medical，意为“医学的；医疗的”例：Take the medicine three times a day.这药一天吃三次。9. whoever 无论谁; 不管什么人 pron.whoever 可引导主语从句，宾语从句和让步状语从句。例：Whoever comes will be welcome. 无论谁来都欢迎。Come out of there, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，从那里出来吧。[拓展]whoever相当于no matter who. 但后者只能引导让步状语从句。例：Whoever phones, tell him I’m out.无论谁打电话，告诉他我在外面。= No matter who phones, tell him I’m out.10. steal 偷; 窃取 v. (steal→stole→stolen)steal sth. from sb./sp. 从某人/某处偷某物例：He stole some flowers from our garden. 他从我们的花园里偷了些花。[辨析]steal 与 robusteal 意为“偷，窃取”，指暗中窃取别人的东西，其宾语是物而不是被盗者本人。例：He was accused of stealing a small boy’s bicycle.他被指控偷了一个男孩的自行车。urob意为“抢”，rob 的宾语是人，公司或银行。 过去式和过去分词都是robbed。常用结构为 rob sb. of sth.“掠夺某人某物”。例：They robbed the company of 2 million pounds. 他们偷了这个公司两百万英磅。11.fly up 飞起来，向上飞fly动词，过去式为flew，过去分词为flown，现在分词为flying，意为“飞，飞行”，其第三人称单数形式是flies。例：The bird flew up from the grass.鸟从草地上飞了起来。12.lay out 摆开；布置lay放置；安放； (lay→laid→laid)例：He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把一只手搭在我的肩上。[拓展]① lay out还意为“计划；安排；设计”例：He laid out the day’s work for his students.他给学生们安排了当天的工作。② lay作动词，还可意为“产（卵）；下（蛋）” 例：These hens lay a lot of eggs every day. 这些母鸡每天下很多蛋。13. dessert 甜点；甜食 n.用餐时的最后一道菜，如蛋糕、冰激凌等。例：She often eats a piece of cake for dessert. 她经常吃一块蛋糕当饭后甜点。14. garden 花园；园子 n.常用短语为in the garden例：In spring, there are many kinds of flowers in the garden.春天，花园里有各种各样的花。15. tradition 传统 n.the tradition of… …的传统，tradition既可以作可数名词，也可以用作不可数名词，意为“传统；惯例”。其形容词形式为traditional，意为“传统的”例：We keep different cultures and traditions through languages.我们通过语言保留着不同的文化和传统。16.as a result 结果;因此单独使用,后面一般用逗号与句子隔开。例：As a result, he was sent away from school. 结果,他被赶出了学校。She worked hard. As a result, she passed the exam easily.她努力学习,因此,她很容易地通过了考试。[拓展]as a result of介词短语,意为“因为;由于相当于 because of。例：She was late as a result of the heavy snow. 她迟到是因为大雪。17.tie 领带 n./捆；束 v.其作动词时，过去式和过去分词为tied和tied，现在分词为tying。例：He wore a red tie. 他打着红色领带。She tied the box with a nice string. 她用一根漂亮的绳子把盒子捆了起来。【重点句子】1. I’m going to Chiang Mai in two weeks. 两周后我要去清迈。①go/come/leave/start/fly 等瞬间动词，常用这些动词的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。例：Jim is going boating this afternoon. 吉姆今天下午要去划船。Are they all coming tomorrow? 他们明天都来吗？②in two weeks 两周后，表示将来的时间，常用 how soon 来对其提问。例：-How soon will the dinner be ready? -晚餐要多久才能准备好?-In ten minutes. -十分钟。[辨析]in+一段时间，for+一段时间，after+一段时间uin+一段时间：以现在为起点的一段时间之后，常与将来时连用，用how soon提问。例：My mother will be on business in three days. 我的妈妈三天后要出差。ufor+一段时间：表示动作或状态持续一段时间，用how long提问。例：-How long are you staying in Hong Kong? 你打算在香港待多久？-For two weeks. 两周。uafter+一段时间：以过去为起点的一段时间之后，常与一般过去式连用，用when提问。例：He came back after a week. 一周后他就回来了。2. Chinese people have been celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries. 几个世纪以来，中国人一直在庆祝中秋节、吃月饼。①现在完成进行时have been celebrating是现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/has been+动词的现在分词”。现在完成进行时表示过去某一时间发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能一直继续下去，强调动作持续进行的状态。②for centuries数世纪以来相当于since centuries ago。for与一段时间连用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于现在完成（进行）时的句子中，for所在句子中的动词必须是延续性动词。对“for+时间段”提问要how long (多久，多长时间)。例：-How long has Miss Wang taught you ? 王老师教你们多长时间了？-She has taught us for one and a half years. 她已经教我们一年半了。 3. I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.我想知道六月是不是游览香港的好时间。动词不定式作定语：a good time to visit Hong Kong意为“游览香港的好时间”，to visit Hong Kong在句中作定语，修饰a good time.例：Could you tell me where there’s a good place to eat? 你能告诉我哪儿有吃饭的好地方吗？[拓展]动词不定式作定语时，当被修饰的词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式中的动词必须是及物的；如果是不及物的，就要带着相关的介词，使其构成及物动词短语，此时的介词不能省略。例：I need some paper to write on. 我需要一些用来写字的纸。She can find no one to make friends with. 她找不到一个可以与之交朋友的人。4.Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America?你知道在美国有两个为父母而设的特日子吗?（1）There is/are..表示“有…”,此处的“有”表示存在关系。 there be句型中be动词的形式要和中作主语的名词的形式保持一致。例：There is a book on the desk.桌子上有本书。[拓展]① there be句型的一个重要用法是“就近”原则,即be动词和最靠近它的作主语的名词在形式上保持一致。例：There is a book and two rulers on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。There are two rulers and a book on the desk. 桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。② there be与 have/has的区别:前者表示某地存在某物;后者表示“拥有”。二者有时可以互换。例：There are twenty classes in our school.Our school has twenty classes.我们学校有20个班。③ there be的一般将来时形式为 there will be或there is/are going to be例：There is going to be a meeting this afternoon. 今天下午将有一个会议。（2）special形容词,意为“特别的;特殊的;专门的”。例：This is a special day today.今天是一个特别的日子。[拓展]special的副词形式为 specially,意为“专门地,特地”,多指为了某一特别的目的而做某事,主要用来修饰动词。例：The ring was specially made for her. 这枚戒指是特意为她定做的。5. One is Mother's Day on the second Sunday ofMay, and the other is Father's Day on the third Sunday of June.一个是在五月第二个星期天的母亲节,另一个是在六月第三个星期天的父亲节。one…, the other.意为“一个……,另一个……”指特定的两个人或物中的“一个……,另一个……”。 the other特指“两者中的另一个”,可单独使用,也可后接名词。例：He has two daughters. One is a teacher, and the other is a nurse.他有两个女儿。一个是教师,另一个是护士On the other side of the street, there is a big tree.在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。6.I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother's Day and Father's Day in China.我听说在中国庆祝母亲节和父亲节正变得越来越受欢迎。is becoming是现在进行时结构,表示“正变得,逐渐”,侧重变化的过程。类似的词还有get,tum等。例：Look! The sky is becoming darker and darker.看!天空正变得越来越暗。The leaves are turning yellow.树叶逐渐变黄了。7.Actually, we don't have to spend a lot of money.事实上,我们不必花费很多钱。(1)actually副词,意为“事实上;实际上”。常用于强调情况的真实性,往往是在出人意料或跟刚刚所说的话形成对照的情况下使用。例：She looks young, but she’s actually 60.她看上去年轻，可实际上已经60岁了。[拓展]actual为形容词形式，意为“实际的；现实的”8.It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.相反，帮父母做一些事情也是一个好主意。It is+名词+动词不定式：做某事是…的。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。例：It is a good habit to go to bed early and get up early. 早睡早起是个好习惯。Section B【重点单词及短语】1.make 使；叫；让 v.make此处作使役动词，常见的使役动词还有have，let等。make的常见用法是：① make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”例：Don't make her work at night.不要让她在晚上工作。② make sb./sth.+形容词，“使某人/某物……”例：He often makes me bored.他经常使我感到厌烦。2.treat 款待；招待 n.treat作可数名词，意为“款待；招待；请客”例：This is my treat.这次由我请客。[拓展]treat用作及物动词，其意义和用法为：① 招待；请（客）。常构成短语treat sb. to sth. 意为“请某人吃……”例：She treated us to some delicious chicken.她请我们吃了些美味的鸡肉。② 看待；当作，与as连用构成treat...as...短语意为“把……当作……”例：Don’t treat me as a child.别把我当作孩子对待。③ 治疗例：Which doctors are treating him for his illness?哪几位医生在为他治病？④处理例：The water is chemically treated.这水是经过化学处理的。3.dress up as... 装扮成……;打扮成……as后面接表示角色、职业等的名词。 dress up意为“装扮,穿上盛装”, dress up in.意为“穿上……",后接表示衣服或颜色的名词。例：He often dresses up as a farmer他常装扮成一个农民。Children like dressing up.孩子们喜欢打扮。On the Chinese Spring Festival we always dress up in red.在中国春节,我们总是穿上红颜色的衣服。[拓展]dress oneself意为“给自己穿衣服”,相当于get dressed例：When the girl was four years old, she could dress herself.这个小女孩四岁时,就能自己穿衣。4.lie 存在；平躺；处于 v.lie不及物动词，过去式和过去分词为lay和lain。例：The problem lies in deciding when to start. 问题在于决定何时动身。[辨析]lie与layulie 动词 躺；位于 lay lain lying动词 说谎 lied lied lying名词 谎言 tell a lieulay 动词 放置；下蛋 laid laid laying5. dead 死的; 失去生命的 adj. 在句中可作定语或表语。动词是die, 名词是death.dead 是die的形容词形式，通常和 be 动词连用表示状态。名词形式为 death。例：When people found the poor girl, she was dead. 当人们发现这个可怜的女孩时，她已经死了。He was watching his dead cat when I came in.当我进来时，他正在注视着他那死去的猫。[拓展]dying 临死的；垂死的 adj. 常在名词前作定语。例：I’ll remember her dying words forever. 我将永远记着她的遗言。6. warn 警告; 告诫 v.warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事例：He warns me not to go out at night. 他警告我晚上不要出去。[拓展]①warn sb. of / about sth. 提醒或警告某人注意某事例：He warned us about the serious situation. 他提醒我们注意形势的严峻性。②warn sb. against（doing）sth. 告诫某人提防某事/ 不要做某事 例：They warned me against swimming in the river. 他们告诫我不要在河里游泳。7. punish 处罚；惩罚 v. punish sb. for...因…而处罚某人例：It’s unfair to punish the whole class for the actions of one or two students.因为一两个学生的行为而惩罚全班学生是不公平的。[拓展]punishment 处罚；惩罚 n.8. end up 最终成为；最后处于end up的常见用法：end up doing sth. 以做某事而结束end up with+名词 以…结束end up as…最终成为…例：We didn’t like it at first, but we ended up cheering.一开始我们并不喜欢它，但最后我们为之欢呼起来。The party will end up with a song. 此次聚会以一首歌结尾。Tony ended up as a doctor. 托尼最后成了一名医生。[拓展]end 可作名词，意为“末尾，尽头”at the end of the street 在街道的尽头 in the end 最后9. present 现在; 礼物 n. /现在的 adj.例：There is no time like the present. 机不可失, 时不再来。He often gave his neighbor's kids little presents. 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。I'm not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我对目前的情况一点都不满意。10. kindness and warmth 善良与热情kindness和warmth分别是形容词kind和蔼的，warm暖和的的名词形式例：We should treat everyone with kindness and warmth.我们应该用善良和热情对待每一个人。11. spread 传播；展开 v.例：They are spreading the news among the people.他们正在人群中传播这一消息。[拓展]蔓延；传播 n.例：We must stop the spread of disease. 我们必须阻止疾病传播。【重点句子】1. What does Wu Yu think of this festival? 吴宇认为这个节日怎么样？（1）What do/does sb. think of…?某人认为…怎么样？相当于“How do/does sb. like…?”用来询问某人对…的看法例：What do you think of soap operas?你认为肥皂剧怎么样？= How do you like soap operas?（2）think of想起；认为；考虑其中of为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。例：I can’t think of his name. 我想不起他的名字。 They are thinking of buying a new house. 他们正在考虑买一个新房子。2. A Christmas Carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens.是查尔斯·狄更斯写的一部著名短篇小说。此处是过去分词（短语）作后置定语：written by Charles Dickens 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰short novel.例：He likes the novels written by Mo Yan. 他喜欢莫言写的小说。[拓展]英语中表示“被动关系”的有两种形式:是过去分词作定语;二是被动语态,“be+动词的过去分词”在句子中作谓语。例：The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational.(过去分词作定语,表被动)鲁迅写的小说很有教育意义。The novels were written by Lu Xun.(被动语态)这些小说是鲁迅写的。3.He is mean and only thinks about himself他十分吝啬,只想着自己。mean此处用作形容词,意为“吝啬的;小气的;刻薄的”。例：She is mean with money.她用钱很吝啬。Don't be so mean to her不要对她如此刻薄!4. He just cares about whether he can make more money and he hates Christmas.他只关心是否能赚到更多的钱，而且他还讨厌圣诞节。（1）care about 意为“关心，在意”例：She cares about him and hates to see him hurt like this.她关心他，不喜欢看到他受伤害。（2）hate 常用结构有：①hate sb / sth 讨厌某人/某物例：He hates dogs. 她讨厌狗。②hate to do sth. 或hate doing sth 不喜欢做某事例：Paul hates making mistakes. 保罗讨厌出错。5. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died.马利曾经就像斯克鲁奇一样，所以他死后被惩罚。used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，表示与现在比较，这种动作已经成为过去的事实，现在已经不再这样了。例：There used to be an old house near the river. 那儿曾经有一个靠近河边的老房子。6. First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child.首先,“圣诞节的过去之灵”带他回到了他的童年时代,使斯克鲁奇回想起孩提时代的欢乐时光。（1）take sb. back to.意为“带某A回到…”。例：I will take you back to London next week下周我将带你回伦敦。（2）remind及物动词,意为“提醒,使记起,使想起”,mind sb.of sb./sth.意为“使某人想起某人/某事”。例：The pictures remind me of my school days. 这些照片使我想起了我的学生时代。[拓展]① remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”。例：His parents often remind him to study hard他的父母经常提醒他努力学习。②“ remind sb.+that从句”意为“提醒某人……”。例：I remind her that she must go home before dark. 我提醒她她必须在天黑之前回家。7. He is so scared that he wakes up in his bed and finds out it is only the next morning-Christmas Day!他害怕至极,从睡梦中惊醒,发现此时竟是第二天圣诞清晨!(1) scared形容词,意为“害怕的;恐惧的”。通常指某人感到恐惧、害怕,主语是人。常用结构有:① be scared of sth.意为“害怕某事/某物”,of为介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例：She's scared of snakes. 她害怕蛇。② be scared to do sth.意为“害怕做某事”。例：She is scared to go out at night. 她害怕夜里外出③“be scared+that从句”意为“担心……例：I'm scared that he can't come again. 恐怕他不能再来了。[辨析]scared, scary与 scareuscared 形容词 惊慌的，害怕的，常说明人的感受例：I felt scared because of the big dog.因为这只大狗，我感到害怕。uscary 形容词 吓人的，恐怖的，常说明事物的特征例：The movie is really scary.这部电影真恐怖。uscare 动词 使恐怖 例：The terrible movie scared me.这部可怕的电影让我恐惧。8.He decides to change his life and promises to be a better person.他决定改变自己的人生，承诺做个更好的人。（1）decide to do sth = make a decision to do sth：决定做某事例：He decided to go abroad.他决定出国。= He made a decision to go abroad. （2）change one’s life 改变某人的人生/生活例：If you try your best, you’ll change your life. 如果你尽最大努力，你将改变自己的生活。（3）promise此处用作及物动词，意为“允诺；答应”，常用于以下结构中：① promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.意为“允诺某人/某事”例：I promised her the book.我答应给她这本书。② promise to do sth.意为“承诺/答应做某事”，promise not to do sth.“承诺/答应不做某事”例：They promised to help us.他们答应要帮助我们。③ promise（sb.）+that 从句意为“承诺/答应（某人）……”例：She promised that she would write to me. 她承诺她会给我写信。9. He now treats everyone with kindness and warmth, spreading love and joy everywhere he goes. 现在无论走到哪里，他都以善良与热情待人，传播着爱与欢乐。现在分词短语作伴随状语：spreading love and joy是现在分词短语作伴随状语。例：The children walked out of the room, laughing and talking happily.孩子们快乐地笑着、说着走出了房间。10. Not only do people spread them around in different hiding places for an egg hunt, but they also give out these treats as gifts.人们不禁会把鸡蛋分散地藏在不同的地方来玩寻蛋游戏，而且还会把它们作为礼物分发出去。（1）not only...but also...不但…而且…：是一个并列连词，在句中连接两个并列对等的成分。例：She not only plays well, but (also) writes music. 她不但弹奏的好，而且也写音乐。在使用 not only...but also...时还应注意以下几点：①当not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词单复数与其临近的主语保持一致。②将 not only 置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装形式。例：Not only do they need clothes, but they are also short of water.他们不仅需要衣服，而且也缺水。