寒假复习-第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份寒假复习-第08讲 定语从句复习：学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构 2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)，文件包含①寒假复习-第08讲定语从句复习学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构教师版2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练人教版docx、①寒假复习-第08讲定语从句复习学习定语从句的引导词和句子结构学生版2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词
之后。
2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
定语从句句子结构：
基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I lve the sng that yu sing.
（“the sng”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“yu sing”是定语从句。）
定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句
1、关系代词：
wh：用于指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：The man wh is standing there is my teacher.
（站在那里的男人是我的老师，“wh”在从句中作主语。）
whm：指人，在从句中作宾语。如：The girl whm I met yesterday is very kind.
（我昨天遇到的女孩很善良，“whm”作宾语。）
which：指物，可作主语或宾语。例如：This is the bk which I bught last week.
（这是我上周买的书，“which”作宾语。）
that：既可指人也可指物，常作主语或宾语。如：I like the mvie that is very interesting.
（我喜欢那部很有趣的电影，“that”作主语。）
whse：表示所属关系，可指人或物。例如：The huse whse rf is red is mine.
（屋顶是红色的房子是我的，“whse”表示房子的屋顶。）
2、 关系副词：
when：用来修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。例如：I still remember the day when we first met.（我仍然记得我们初次见面的那一天，“when”在从句中作时间状语。）
where：修饰地点名词，在从句中作地点状语。如：This is the place where I grew up.（这是我长大的地方，“where”作地点状语。）
why：修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中作原因状语。例如：Can yu tell me the reasn why yu were late?
（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？“why”作原因状语。）
定语从句句子结构：
基本结构：先行词 + 引导词 + 定语从句。例如：I lve the sng that yu sing.
（“the sng”是先行词，“that”是引导词，“yu sing”是定语从句。）
3、特殊情况
（1）修饰物时，关系代词只能用that的情况：
①先行词既有人又有物
They talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
②先行词被the nly, the very, just the, the last及序数词修饰
It is the nly film that I like.
③先行词被最高级修饰
This is the mst interesting nvel that I’ve ever read.
④先行词被all, any, every, n, sme, little, a little, few, a few, 等修饰
I have read all the bks that yu gave me.
⑤先行词本身是不定代词all, any, few, little, much, smething, nthing, anything,
everything等。
D yu have anything that yu want t say fr yurself?
⑥主句的主语是疑问代词wh和which时，关系代词用that
Wh is the girl that helped the man ut f truble?
注意：先行词为the way时，定语从句的引导方式有三种，in which, that, 省略
I dn’t like the way yu speak.
（2） 指人时在下列情况下多用或须用 wh
①关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用wh.
D yu knw the man wh spke just nw?
②先行词为all, ne, nes, everyne, anyne, nbdy, 或all指人时，多用wh。
All wh heard the news were excited.
③先行词为thse和peple时多用wh。
Peple wh can see smetimes act just as flishly.
④在非限制性定语从句中作主语须用wh，作宾语须用whm。
Mr Green, whm yu saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.
⑤ 在以there be开头的句子中多用wh.
There is a stranger wh wants t see ur headmaster.
（3）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
“介词 + 关系代词” 引导的定语从句
① “介词 + 关系代词” 引导定语从句时, 关系代词只能用which 指物或用whm指人,
即: 介词 + which / whm, 并且which 或 whm 不能省。
The mney with which yu were t buy dg fd is gne.
②当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that / which (指物) , that / whm / wh (指人),
此时可以把这些关系单词省略。
This is the pen ( which / that) I wrte the letter with.
③当关系代词作lk after ,lk fr , take care f ,see t 等短语动词的宾语时, 这些词中的介词不能提前.
Here is the bk ( that / which ) I’m lking fr.
④介词+关系代词”前可有sme, any, nne, bth, all, neither, mst, each, few等代词或者数词,
结构为：all, bth, few, mst, several, sme等+ f whm/ which.
In the basket I find many apples, sme f which have gne bad.
（4） 介词+which/whm 不定式结构。如：
The pr man has n huse in which t live.
= The pr man has n huse in which he can live.= The pr man has n huse t live in.
5、关系副词的用法：
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。
（1）when当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时如：time, day, week, year, mnth, etc.用when在定语从句中充当时间状语，也可用“介词in /n/by/ during + which ”来代替when，还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如D yu still remember the days when we spent the summer hlidays in Qingda?
（2）where当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词时如：place, schl, factry, rm, etc.用where在定语从句中充当地点状语，也可用“介词in/at 等+which”来代替where, 还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较: (1) This is the lab where/ in which he did the experiment. （作状语）
(2) This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）
（3） why当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示原因的名词时，用why在定语从句中充当原因状语，也可用“介词fr which”来代替why. 当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：
比较：I dn’t knw the reasn why /fr which he was fired. (作状语)
Have yu asked him the reasn that may explain his success? （作主语）
诀窍：判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如：This is the muntain village where I stayed last year.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只对其做一些附加说明，
如果去掉主句的意义仍然完整，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，不能用that引导
引导词 关系代词: wh, whm, whse, which
关系副词：when, where
I will see the manager tmrrw, when he will be back frm America.
My parents will fly t Shanghai, where they will stay fr several days.
There were many things left, sme f which are almst finished.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。
A five-year-ld by can speak tw freign languages, which surprises all the peple present. 此句是有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的一句话。
2、关系词的使用情况有所不同
（1） 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that, why不可。
（2） 关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词 whm 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 wh 代替 whm, 但 whm 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 wh 来代替。
（3） 关系代词省略情况不同： 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
3、as引导的定语从句
as 用作关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句，构成, the same …as…, such…as…, s…as…等结构。
I like the same bk as yu have.
（1） “such．．．that．．．”表“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such．．．as．．．”表“像……这（那）样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子：
Mr Chen gave us such a difficult questin as nbdy wrked ut.
“the same．．．that．．．”表同一人或物，而“the same．．．as．．．”
表同种类的东西。
4、which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别；
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，在从句中作主语或宾语。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面，意为"这一点"；as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，as含有"正如、正像"之意。 
As we knw, smking is harmful t ne's health.
诀窍：快速判断一个句子是否为定语从句，可从以下方面入手：
1. 查看从句位置和作用
- 位置：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后。例如“He likes the bk which has many pictures.”中，“which has many pictures”紧跟先行词“bk”之后。
- 作用：起到修饰先行词的作用，如果去掉从句，句子语义虽完整，
但先行词的信息就不够明确。
定语从句精练题：
一、单项选择
1．（24-25高二上·重庆渝中·期中）Tday a grup f students frm Suth Krea visited ur schl, can speak Chinese very well.
A．mst f themB．mst f whichC．mst f whmD．mst f thse
2．（24-25高二上·河南郑州·期中）In this mdern age ________ we are becming mre and mre ________ frm each ther, flash mbs are a sign that the spirit f sciety is still alive.
A．when; sphisticatedB．what; islated
C．what; sphisticatedD．when; islated
3．（24-25高一上·江苏常州·阶段练习）______ is knwn t us all, the mn travels arund the earth nce every mnth.
A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．What
4．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He tld us the days he was yung were gne.
A．that; thatB．when; whenC．when; thatD．that; when
5．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） was ften the case, she frgt t bring her hmewrk t schl.
A．ItB．AsC．WhichD．Wh
6．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He has tw Chinese-English dictinaries, bth were bught last week.
A．f whmB．f whichC．f thatD．f them
7．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）After everyne was seated, there was a frmal ceremny, _____ made us excited.
A．thatB．itC．whichD．what
8．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）Jhn swims very well, but I dn’t like the way he always shws ff in public.
A．whichB．thatC．whenD．why
9．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）______back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m abut_______alng the railway_____many freign experts claimed was “impssible”.
A．Sitting; travelling; thatB．Sat; t travel; which
C．Sitting; t travel; thatD．Sat; traveling; that
10．（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）Just as Martin Luther King, Jr. said, peace is nt merely a distant gal that we seek, but a means ______ we arrive at the gal.
A．in whichB．with whichC．by whichD．t which
二、语法填空
11．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we cmpare yuth t flwers, the yung vlunteers are the mst beautiful nes, withut the wrld wuld be t cld t live in. (用适当的词填空)
12．（24-25高二上·四川成都·期中）My favrite cmedian is Charlie Chaplin, unique way f perfrming and classic wrks have brught jy and happiness t the whle wrld. （用适当的词填空）
13．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）Later, the medicine was tested n malaria patients, mst f recvered. (用适当的词填空)
14．（24-25高二上·福建福州·期中）He is rather amazed, can be seen frm his face. (用适当的词填空)
15．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）I spt a small girl ankle is twice its nrmal size. (用适当的词填空)
16．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In ur class there are 46 students, ne-third f wear glasses. (用适当的词填空)
17．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）As a cnsequence, they had t take a series f steps, nne f was pwerful enugh t prevent the disaster. （用适当的词填空）
18．（23-24高二下·山东济宁·期中）My grandpa, is ften the case with ld peple, is fnd f talking abut the gd ld days. (用适当的词填空)
19．（23-24高二下·四川德阳·期中）Fllwing in the ftsteps f his wn teacher all thse years ag, Mr. Wang has nw passed n his skills t the new members, will take n many f the future repairs. (用适当的词填空)
20．（23-24高二下·吉林长春·期中）Children, is always the case, lve their mther. (用适当的词填空)
21．（23-24高二下·四川成都·期中） is reprted, Apple cmpany will be launching a new tablet this time next mnth. (用适当的词填空)
22．（23-24高二下·江苏扬州·期中）The students are chatting abut the bks and writers will add t their favrites. (用适当的词填空)
23．（23-24高二下·江苏·课后作业）There was a time we didn’t talk t each ther, but yu seem nt t remember.(用适当的词填空)
24．（23-24高二下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试）Cvid-19, the mst deadly virus in recent years, began t attack peple in 2019, frm effect peple are still suffering. (用适当的词填空)
25．（23-24高二上·江苏盐城·期末）T the east f the Pacific cast rise the grand Rcky Muntains, are hme t high peaks and deep valleys. (用适当的词填空)
26．（22-23高二上·江苏南通·期末）We were all very grateful t Jhn, help cntributed greatly t ur success. (用适当的词填空)
27．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shws, there has been a steady increase in the number f users ver the past year, indicating the success f ur marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空)
28．（23-24高二下·江苏无锡·期中） yu are faced with a difficult chice, many f yur trusted friends may have very valuable advice, can help yu t make the decisin. (用适当的词填空)
29．（23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期中）I will never frget the beautiful village I spent my childhd with my grandparents. (用适当的词填空)
30．（23-24高二下·辽宁·期中）He was a “cultural anthrplgist”, we can thank fr recrding the life f a whle city and its peple ver half a century. (用适当的词填空)