2. 新教材外研版高中第二册外研版新教材知识点汇总

这是一份2. 新教材外研版高中第二册外研版新教材知识点汇总，共10页。
现在分词作状语
1）Grwing up in England with a British father and a Chinese mther, I’ve enjyed fd frm bth cuntries ever since I was able t hld a knife and frk and chpsticks!...
我在英国长大，父亲是英国人， 母亲是中国人。自从我能拿刀叉和筷子以来，我就喜欢上了两国的食物。
现在分词短语作原因状语，一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。
2）Finding the curse very difficult, she decided t mve t a lwer level. 原因状语
3）Hearing that she had just been admitted t Beijing University, she jumped with jy.
时间状语
4）The cling wind swept thrugh ur bedrm windws, making air cnditining unnecessary. 结果状语
5）The visitrs std n tp f Munt Tai, enjying the rising sun. 伴随状语
6）Knwing all this, they made me pay fr the damage. 让步状语
Peple say that ne man’s meat is anther man’s pisn, but I feel at hme with fd frm bth my cultures. 人们说，甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜，但我对来自两种文化的食物都感到自在。
Peple say that
= It’s said that...
=sb./sth. is said t d sth.
It’s reprted that... 据报道
It’s annunced that... 据宣布
It’s cnsidered that... 人们认为
It’s agreed that... 人们一致认为
It’s believed that... 人们相信
It’s hped that... 人们希望
It’s suggested that... 有人建议
T me, there’s nthing better than a crss-cultural afternn tea f English biscuits and a cup f Chinese lng tea in a fine china cup!
There is nthing better than...意为 “没有什么比...更好的了”
否定词(常用nt, n, never, nthing, nbdy, hardly)+ adj/adv 的比较级 (+than)
不定式作表语，省略t 的情况
All yu have t d is select the phts f healthy fd.
当主语部分有实义动词d，作表语的不定式可以省略t.
情态动词表示说话人的某种语气、情绪，如可能、意愿、猜测、义务、需要等。
用法： 情态动词+动词原形

原形 过去式
May might
Can culd
Shall shuld
Will wuld
Have t had t
Dare dared
Dare 既可以作情态动词，又可作实义动词。
Dare 作情态动词时，没有人称和数量的变化， 但有过去式。
情态动词dare 句型 I dare 我想/敢说
Hw dare 你怎么敢？
Had better d sth.
Had better nt d sth.
Need 开头的疑问句， 否定回答 needn't “Need he stay here?” “N, he needn’t.”
Need 开头的疑问句， 肯定回答 must “Need he stay here?” “Yes, he must.”


Must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答 must. “Must he stay here?” “Yes, he must.”
Must 开头的疑问句，否定回答 needn’t 或dn’t have t.
“Need he stay here?” “N, he needn’t.”
S, dn’t frget t pick up sme chicken n yur way hme and try this recipe ut.
Pick up a few bargains 买到几件便宜或货
Pick up a cin 捡起一枚硬币
Pick sb. up 开车接某人
Pick up sme French 学会一些法语
Pick up bad habits 染上坏习惯
Pick up a signal 接收信号
Pick ut 精心挑选，辨认出
Pick up 是动词+副词短语，接宾语时，要放在pick 和 up 之间。
N family meal is cmplete withut sme frm f meat...
没有肉的家庭餐是不完整的
双重否定结构，表达强烈的语气，意为“没有就不”
N/nt/never/+withut
N/nt+ 表否定意义的形容词
N/nt/never/nbdy/few 等+ 表否定意义的动词(短语)
Eg.
N smke withut fire. 无风不起浪。
Nthing is impssible. 没有什么是不可能的。
Nbdy disagrees. 没人不同意。

There are five f us living in ur shared student huse.
There be+ 主语 +ding ( 表示主动和进行)
There be+ 主语 +dne ( 表示被动或完成)
There be+ 主语 +t d (表示动作尚未发生)


Unit2
May Day is a festival t celebrate the start f summer, with celebratins held acrss Eurpe and in parts f Nrth America.
With+宾语+宾补~~常做状语，表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等。
With+宾语+现在分词( 表示主动或正在进行)
With+宾语+过去分词( 表示被动或已经完成)
With+宾语+动词不定式( 表示尚未发生)
With+宾语+adj./adv./介词短语
With 复合结构还可以做定语 D yu knw the lady with a baby in her arms?
你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？
That’s why letters frm Father Christmas culd be the perfect bk fr thse wh regard Christmas as a special time f year.
That/This/It is why +结果 （why 引导表语从句）
That/This/It is because+原因 （because 引导表语从句）
The reasn (why)... is that... (why 引导定语从句)(that 引导表语从句)
情态动词+have dne 结构

Culd have dne 本能够做而未做
May/might have dne 可能做过
Shuld have dne 本该做而未做
Shuldn’t have dne 本不该做而未做
Needn’t have dne 本不必做而做了
The letters did, hwever, change as Tlkien’s children gt lder
然而，随着托尔金的孩子们年龄的增长，这些信确实发生了变化
D/des/did+ 动词原形， 用来表示强调， 对一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定谓语的强调，没有否定和疑问式。
情态动词 2
Can 与 culd
表示能力， 常译为“能，会”。Culd 是can 的过去式， 表示过去的能力。
表请求或许可，常译为“可以”。 culd 比can 的语气更加委婉。
表示可能性。
表示惊讶，不相信等。常用于否定句中。
Can’t/culdn’t have dne 表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了某事”
Culd have dne 既可以表示对过去的推测，还可表示“过去本可以做（却没做）”
Must
表示“必须”， 否定形式mustn’t 表示“不准，禁止”。
Must 的一般疑问句：
肯定回答 must
否定回答 needn’t / dn’t have t
表示肯定推测， 意为“一定，肯定”。 表推测时，否定推测是 can't
表示偏要，偏偏。
Must have dne 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做了某事”

May 与might
表示请求和许可，常意为“可以”。Might 表请求时语气更委婉
一般疑问句：
肯定回答用 may/can
否定回答用 mustn’t/can’t.
表示可能性时， 意为“也许，可能，大概”，might 比may的可能性要小
May 表祝愿。 May yur dreams cme true!
May/might have dne, “可能做过某事”
Can’t/culdn’t 表不可能
May nt/ might nt 表可能不。
Nt nly... but (als)...
It was nt nly fr the delicius fd that we seldm gt t eat, but fr the pprtunity t have ur whle family gathered tgether.
Nt als... 是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分， 谓语动词遵循就近原则。
当连接两个分句时，nt nly 位于句首， nt nly 部分要用部分倒装。
nt everyne is keen n this idea. 但并不是每个人都喜欢这个想法。
总括性代词/副词与nt 连用时，表示部分否定。
总括性词有 all, bth, every, everything, everybdy, everyne, always, altgether等等。
全部否定：nne, neither, nthing, nbdy, n ne, never 等 与肯定形式的谓语动词连用。
Unit3
Given that Neil Armstrng wanted t take a ftball t the Mn, we culd even say that it is als the mst ppular sprt ut f this wrld. 考虑到。。。
Given that 表示一个真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
引导条件状语从句的常用词有
If,
unless,
Tm is s independent that he never asks his parents’ pinin unless he wants their supprt.
as/s lng as,
Yu wn’t find paper cutting difficult as lng as u keep practising it.
in case,
On cnditin that,
I can tell yu the truth, n cnditin that yu prmise t keep it a secret.
suppsing (that),
Prviding (that),
Yu can brrw the car, prvided/prviding I can have it back by six ’clck.
prvided (that)
Given that
Given that he’s had six mnths t d this, he hasn’t made much prgress.
That 引导的主语从句
That ftball is such a simple game t play is perhaps the basis f its ppularity.
That 引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当句子成分，也无实际意义，
只起连接作用，不可省略。
如果从句太长，为避免头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Whether yu’re a prfessinal athlete r keen sprtspersn, DX Sprts Watch is the ideal chice fr yu.
Whether... r...可引导让步状语从句， “不管。。。还是。。。”
还可引导表语从句，宾语从句，主语从句和同位语从句， “是...还是...”
不定式作定语
The first, the secnd, the last, the best, the nly thing 常 + 不定式作定语
常接不定式作定语的名词有 ability, ambitin, chance, attempt, decisin, need, plan,
prmise, reasn, time, way, 等。
不定式作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常与nly 连用， 表示出乎意料的结果。
Enugh t d, d, t d, t d 结构中， t d 表示结果。

But befre I knew it, I was taking part in lcal races.
Befre sb. can d sth. 某人还没来得及做。。。
It was+时间段+befre 过了多长时间才
It will be+时间段+befre 要过多长时间才...
Unit4
Sme f the female vices were s high that I was sure they culd break glass!
S that 以便， 为了（目的状语从句，从句中往往有will/wuld/can/culd/may/might 等情态V，表明动作尚未发生。）
S that 因此，所以 (结果状语从句)
现在分词作状语时的形式
Ding,
Having dne,
Being dne,
Having been dne
现在分词作时间状语 (相当于时间状语从句)
When reading the newspaper, I heard the drbell ring.
现在分词作原因状语 (相当于原因状语从句)
Being ill, he culdn’t bk the flight.
Nt knwing which university t attend, the girl asked her teacher fr advice.
现在分词作条件状语 (相当于条件状语从句)
Turning t the right, yu will find a path.
= If yu turn t the right, yu will find a path.
现在分词作让步状语 (相当于让步状语从句)
有时现在分词前可带有连词 althugh, even if, even thugh.
Having tried many times, he still culdn’t vercme the difficulties.
现在分词作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语表示必然的结果， 通常放在句末。现在分词前可加thus, 相当于s, s that 引导的结果状语从句。
不定式作结果状语从句时，常与nly, never 连用， 表示出乎意料。
He gt up late and hurried t his ffice, leaving the breakfast untuched.
The actr intended t leave quickly, nly t be surrunded by his fans.
现在分词作方式或伴随状语
说明位语动词所表示的动作发生的方式、背景或情况。
分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同事发生。
方式状语可转成并列成分。
Mrris lay n the grass feeling depressed abut this whle situatin.

现在分词作评论性状语
Generally speaking, 一般说来
Rughly speaking, 大致说来
Frankly speaking, 坦率的说
Judging frm 由...判断
Cnsidering 考虑到
Suppsing 如果
Prviding 如果
Assuming. 假设
现在分词构成的独立主格结构
The meeting being ver, we all went t the canteen.
There being n taxi, we walked t the crpratin.
Time permitting, we’ll wander arund the mall.
If s... 如果是这样
If s, yu have t suffer frm great pressure.
If s,
If nt
If pssible,
If necessary,
If any,
If ever,
What if...
Why nt?
What fr?
When/where necessary

Perhaps, ne day, readers f F. Sctt Fitzgerald’s mst admired wrk will
find themselves glued t their screens by episdes f The Great Gatsby.
We went hme, finding ur pet dg fixing its eyes n an insect.
Lking thrugh the windw, she fund the bss buried in his rutine wrk.
When he wke up, he fund himself in hspital.
When we gt hme, we fund all the light n.
Unit5
Maybe, but nly if it desn’t lk dangerus.
也许吧，但前提是看起来不危险。
Only if 意为“只有”， 引导条件状语从句，nly 起强调作用。 nly if 位于句首时， 主句用部分倒装语序。
If nly, 但愿， 要是...就好了
If nly 用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来难以实现的愿望，用had+过去分词。
If nly I were rich. 但愿我很富有。
If nly I had gne by taxi. 我要是乘出租车去就好了。
I was determined t make my dreams cme true.
Make+宾语+不带t 的不定式 ur parents always make me feel gd abut myself.
He is made by his mther t d hmewrk every day.
Make 变被动语态时，不定式要带t
Make+宾语+名词/形容词
Make+宾语+过去分词 make himself heard
Make it+ adj./n. +带 t 的不定式， it 是形式宾语， 带 t 的不定式是逻辑宾语。
He has made it a rule t g jgging every mrning.
I use my phtgraphy t make an impact n peple, especially when it cmes t envirnment issues. 我用我的摄影对人们产生影响，尤其是在环境问题上。
When it cmes t +n./prn./v.-ing 一谈到..., 就...而论。
When it cmes t maths, he is a little weak.
Cme up t
Cme n
Cme abut
Cme acrss
Cme t
Cme ver
Cme ut
Cme up with

There is n dubt that... 毫无疑问
That 引导同位语从句，解释说明dubt 的具体内容。
同位语从句一般由 that, wh- 类连词引导，常放在 dubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hpe, prblem, infrmatin, thught 等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。 that 只起连接作用，无实际意义，不充当句子成分。

动词 -ing 作定语, 表示被修饰词的属性，作用或用途。
a swimming pl= a pl fr swimming
a reading rm= a rm fr reading
a washing machine= a machine fr washing
Having dne 一般只用来作状语，不作定语
Dne 表示动作已经完成
Being dne 表示被动动作正在发生
T be dne 表示被动动作将要发生
The mment..
The minute
The secnd
以上名词词组可做连词，相当于 As sn as..，， 意为“一...就...”
I can’t wait t share the stries with yu.
Can’t wait t d sth. 迫不及待做某事
Can’t help ding sth. 忍不住做某事
I’d fallen asleep, when I heard Dad’s phne ringing.
Had just dne sth. when...
Be ding sth. when...
Be abut t d sth. when...
Be n the pint f ding sth. when...
I had just arrived at the ffice when my wife phned me t g back hme at nce.
Write a shrt intrductin abut why the place is wrth visiting.
Be wrth 后接动名词的主动形式表示被动的含义。
Be well wrth seeing 值得一看
Be wrth a frtune 值一大笔钱
Be wrthy f n.
Be wrthy f being dne
Be wrthy f be dne
It is wrthwhile t d sth.
It is wrthwhile ding sth.
It wasn’t wrthwhile cntinuing the prject.
Unit6
Tday, as we learn mre abut sharks, mre peple then ever want t prtect them frm extinctin.
as 表示随着， 在句子中引导时间状语从句。
as 的含义及引导的从句：
当...时，随着（引导时间状语从句）
由于，因为（引导原因状语从句）
正如，依照 （方式状语从句）
尽管，虽然 （让步状语从句）
和...一样 （ 比较状语从句）
As 作关系代词（引导定语从句）
As it was getting late, I turned arund t start fr hme. 原因
As yu make reading a regular part f yur life, yu will understand the text better. 时间
When in Rme, d as Rmans d. 方式
As is knwn t us, Nanjing is a famus city fr her lng histry. 定语
As I lked at his face, smething ccurred t me. 时间
Ht as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were s tired after the lng jurney. 让步
That’s nt as simple as it sunds. 比较

The less energy yu use, the less carbn dixide is released.
The+比较级（+主谓），the + 比较级（+主谓）
The mre yu practise, the better yu can understand.
现在分词作宾语补足语
宾语与宾补是主动关系，其主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：
位于感官动词后，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, catch, find, listen t, lk at, ntice, bserve 等。感官动词see, hear, watch, bserve 等后跟ding 作宾补，表示动作正在进行，后跟d作宾补，表示动作的全过程。
位于使役动词后，如 set, keep, have, get, leave等。
See tw wmen arguing
Feel smething mving near his feet.
Find him lying n a bench
Watch bats passing by
Keep the traffic running smthly
He was caught stealing a car
When I came in, I saw Linda whispering t Danny.
过去分词作宾语补足语
Have/get +宾语+过去分词 ~~“让别人做”或者“遭遇某种不幸”
Make+宾语+过去分词 ~~过去分词表结果
现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式作宾补的判断标准：
用哪种形式
主动关系~~现在分词
被动关系~~过去分词
感官动词后的宾补
现在分词~~主动、进行的关系
过去分词~~被动、完成的动作
动词不定式~~动作的全过程
Hwever, making a paper bag uses fur times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up t three times the amunt f water.
动名词作主语，常用it 作形式主语，
It is n use/gd ding smething
It is a waste f time ding smething
It is useless/fun/wrthwhile ding smething
It’s hardly any gd/use ding sth.
倍数表达法：
倍数+as+adj./adv.+as+其它 The rad is fur times as lng as it was three years ag.
倍数+比较级+than+其它 This apartment is twice bigger than that ne.
倍数+the+size/height/weight/length/width/depth+...+f 其它
The rad is fur times the length f what it was three years ag.
倍数+what 从句
The length f the rad is fur times what it was three years ag.
海洋面积是陆地的两倍：
There is twice as much water n earth as land.
强调句
It is the prductin f fd, nt its transprt, that uses mst f the energy and prduces mst f the greenhuse gases.
强调句: It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+句子剩余部分
强调句注意：时态一致，主谓一致
Nt... until... 的强调
It was/is nt until+被强调部分+that+其它
He did nt g t bed until 10 ’clck.
It was nt until 10 ’clck that he went t bed.
判断强调句的方法，去掉it is/was 与 that/wh, 剩余部分若结构完整，句意明确，则为强调句，否则不是。