所属成套资源:【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基(精讲精练)
【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基14 特殊句式和情景交际(精讲精练)
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这是一份【高考英语】一轮复习:核心语法知识夯基14 特殊句式和情景交际(精讲精练),文件包含核心语法知识夯基13状语从句精讲精练原卷版docx、核心语法知识夯基13状语从句精讲精练解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共27页, 欢迎下载使用。
状语从句概念及分类
状语从句在句中相当于副词,做状语,又叫副词性从句。
状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导。
例如:
Where I live there are plenty f trees.
在我住的地方有很多树。
Wherever I am I will be thinking f yu.
不管我在哪里,我都会想到你。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as thugh引导。
(1)as的用法
Will yu please d the experiment as I am ding?
请按我的方法做这个实验好吗?
(2)as if, as thugh的用法,
①引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性时,通常用陈述语气,常与lk/seem/taste/smell/sund等词连用。
It lks as if it is ging t rain.
看来要下雨。
②从句所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻,通常用虚拟语气。
The injured man acted as if nthing had happened t him.
这个受伤的男子行动起来似乎什么也没有发生似的。
说明:
as if/as thugh也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语。
例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me fr first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his thrat as if t say smething.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。学科,网
原因状语从句
because,as,since与fr的不同用法:
相同之处:
中文都表示“因为”,均为连词。
区别:
(1)如果表示原因的状语从句语气较强,在整个句子中占重要位置,是句子的主要部分,一般用“because”。即回答why问句的提问,应用because。
— Why did they cme t China? 他们为什么要去中国?
— Because their father wanted t wrk in China. 因为他们的父母想到中国工作。
(2)如果原因不重要,或为人所知,一般用as或since。它所引导的从句常常放在句首。
As yu ask, I will tell yu.
你既然问我,我就告诉你。
(3)fr引导的句子表示原因,语气较because弱,类似一种补充说明,一般不用它来回答why提出的问题。它引导的从句不能放在句首,而且前面一般用逗号与主句分开。
We can’t g, fr it’s raining.
由于天下雨,我们不能走了。
说明:
fr是并列连词。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语从句可以由that, s that, in rder that, lest, fr fear that, in case等词引导。
例如:
Yu must speak luder s that/in rder that yu can be heard by all.
你必须大点声,别人就能听见了。
Better take mre clthes in case the weather is cld.
最好多穿点衣服,以防天冷。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由s…that或such…that引导。与such…that之间可以转换。
例如:
The by is s yung that he can’t g t schl.
(= He is such a yung by that he can’t g t schl.)
这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。
条件状语从句
连接词主要有if, unless, as/s lng as, n cnditin that等。if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if nt.
例如:
Let’s g ut fr a walk unless yu are t tired.
(= If yu are nt t tied, let’s g ut fr a walk.)
如果不太累,我们去散散步。
让步状语从句
(1)thugh, althugh引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是thugh和yet可连用。
例如:
Althugh it’s raining, they are still wrking in the field.
虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
(2)as, thugh引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
例如:
Child as thugh he was, he knew what was the right thing t d.
虽然他是个孩子,但是他知道该做什么,不该做什么。 学;科网
(3)ever if, even thugh即使。
例如:
We’ll make a trip even thugh the weather is bad.
即使天气不好,我们也要去远足。
(4)whether…r… 不管……都。
例如:
Whether yu believe it r nt, it is true.
信不信由你,这确实是真的。
(5)“n matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。
例如:
N matter what happened, he wuld nt mind. (= Whatever happened, he wuld nt mind.)
不管发生什么,他不在意。
替换:
n matter what = whatever
n matter wh = whever
n matter when = whenever
n matter where = wherever
n matter which = whichever
n matter hw = hwever
提醒:n matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
(错)N matter what yu say is f n use nw.
(对)Whatever yu say is f n use nw.
你现在说什么也没用了。
(错)Prisners have t eat n matter what they’re given,
(对)Prisners have t eat whatever they’re given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
比较while, when, as
(1)as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如:
Just as/Just when/When I stpped my car, a man came up t me.
我一刹车,就有一个人向我走来。
(2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。
例如:
When yu have finished yur wrk, yu may have a rest.
赶完活后,你可以休息一下。
(3)从句表示“随时间推移”的连词能用as,不用when 或while。
例如:
As the day went n, the weather gt wrse.
日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。
比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句:
I slept until midnight.
我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call yu.
等着我叫你。
否定句:
She didn’t arrive until 6 ’clck.
她直到6点才到。
Dn’t get ff the bus until it has stpped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
区别:
(1)until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
例如:
Until yu tld me, I had heard nthing f what happened.
直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。
(2)until when疑问句中,until要放在句首。
例如:
— Until when are yu staying? 你待到什么时候?
— Until next Mnday. 待到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Nt until…在句首,主句用倒装。
例如:
Nt until the early years f the 19th century did man knw what heat is.
直到19世纪初,人类才知道热为何物。
Nt until I began t wrk did I realize hw much time I had wasted.
直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2)It is nt until… that…
例如:
It was nt until I began t wrk that I realized hw much time I had wasted.
直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
表示“一…就…”的结构
(1)as sn as, nce, immediately, directly, instantly, the mment, the minute 引导的状语从句,常译作“一……就……”
(2)hardly/scarcely…when/befre, n sner…than和as sn as也可以表示“一……就……”的意思。
在这些结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
例如:
I had hardly/scarcely gt hme when it began t rain.
刚回家,就下起雨来了。
I had n sner gt hme than it began t rain.
As sn as I gt hme, it began t rain.
状语从句易错题分析
误判并列句和状语从句
The GPNP is designed t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, preserving eclgical buffer znes, ________ leaving behind precius natural assests (资产) fr future generatins”.
Guide dgs ffer scial, physical and mental benefits fr sme peple wh are blind, training them is an expensive and lng prcess.
状语从句的省略
Thugh ________(defeat) , he still felt sad.
When ________ (cmpare) different cultures, we ften pay attentin nly t the differences withut nticing the many similarities.
状语从句类别判断失误
(改错) Whether yu ride a bicycle, yu dn’t use petrl.
典例分析
Wang saw the lively scene ________ she was traveling in Aksu.
The pwer ratining in Jiangsu als frced factries in the key manufacturing(制造业) industry t cut r even stp their peratins________ the end f the mnth.
3.I always tell them when I’m ging ut clubbing ________ they knw what I’m ding, they’re fine with it.
4.D freigners nt understand British humr r are the British just nt s funny ________ they think they are?
5.Much ________ I like this bk, I like thers much better.
6.______ the truth, Franklin did make cntributins t the study f electricity.
7.________ a significant number f jaguars survive here, they are nly ne element f this frest’s fd chain.
8.He didn’t frmally retire ______ last December. Then he flew t Italy t visit his daughter.
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1.(2024·天津河北·二模)Scientists have discvered that it is hundreds f years ______ plastic breaks dwn, whereas fr paper, the perid is much shrter.
A.whenB.befreC.sinceD.after
2.(2024·天津·二模)Yu shuld bring yur jacket with yu __________ the weather takes a turn and becmes cld later.
A.s thatB.as ifC.in caseD.even if
3.(2024·天津·二模)With my father’s guidance and encuragement, I learned hw t ride a bike ________ I knew it.
A.whenB.untilC.asD.befre
4.(2024·天津河北·一模)Please ensure yu have a backup f all yur dcuments ________ the system upgrade encunters unexpected issues.
A.even ifB.as ifC.ever sinceD.in case
5.(23-24·天津和平·三模)______the cuncil has prvided places fr us t take ur empty bttles fr recycling, many f us still thrw glass bttles int the rdinary dustbins.
A.HweverB.Even thughC.On accunt fD.Despite
6.(2024·山东·一模)—She is highly skilled at dealing with difficulties.
—__________ she’s had special training, see?
A.BecauseB.Because fC.As ifD.As lng as
7.(2024·天津·三模)_______ yu frm the habit f taking regular exercise and stick t it, yu will be much healthier.
A.As lng asB.In caseC.As ifD.Even if
8.(2024·广东广州·二模)______hard yu try, it is difficult t lse weight withut cutting dwn the amunt yu eat.
A.WhateverB.WhicheverC.HweverD.Whenever
9.(2024·上海·二模)________ in the past, at the mment it is a favrite chice fr wedding gwn.
A.Unppular as has white beenB.As unppular white has been
C.As white has been unppularD.Unppular as white has been
10.(2024·天津和平·二模)Yu can learn enugh first aid knwledge in a few minutes—________ it’s frm reading a bk, attending a curse r watching vides nline.
A.whenB.asC.whetherD.nce
11.(2024·重庆一模)________ my head had cleared, my brain was beginning t functin much better.
A.Nw thatB.AlthughC.Due tD.Despite
12.(2024·湖南·三模)_____ the Internet is f great help. I dn’t think it’s a gd idea t spend t much time n it.
A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As
13.(2024·北京石景山·一模)She was such a prud persn that she wuld die she wuld admit she was wrng.
A.sinceB.when
C.unlessD.befre
14.(2024浙江·三模) nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
A.SinceB.After
C.WhileD.Unless
15.(2024高三·天津·三模)______ mre and mre peple may turn t the Internet fr the latest news, it is unlikely that the newspaper will disappear.
A.WhenB.BecauseC.SinceD.While
二、翻译
16.(2024·上海普陀·二模)人们常常抱怨飞机餐难吃,主要是因为在飞机上人们的味觉和嗅觉都会暂时失灵。(cmplain) (汉译英)
17.(2024·上海长宁·二模)比赛结束时,观众席上掌声雷动。(burst)
18.(2024·上海长宁·二模)由于路面结冰,部分高速公路临时封闭,致使许多乘客困在路上,出门前最好留意天气预报。(trap)
19.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)由于大量接触到当地人的语言,约翰不知不觉就学会了当地口音。(befre)
20.(2024·上海浦东新·二模)当我们在互联网上发布信息时,必须考虑潜在的后果,因为某些细节可能会被媒体误解或夸大。(likely) (汉译英)
21.(23-24高三·上海·一模)自从他的小说在网络上走红之后,他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”,成为了文坛的新星。(since)
22.(2024·上海徐汇·一模)离职,不管是什么工作,是一个艰难的改变,即使对于那些期待退休的人来说也是如此。(n matter)
23.(23-24上海宝山·三模)在填写高考志愿时,如果你的意见和父母的意见相左时,你会怎样妥善处理?(agree)
24.(2024·上海杨浦·一模)他的古画修复水平如此之高,使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。(such)
25.(2024·上海徐汇·一模)只要这项研究的结果能够应用于新技术的开发,我们的努力就会得到回报。(s lng as)
目录
一
状语从句概念及分类
二
状语从句易错题分析
三
高考模拟试题
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