福建省龙岩市一级校联盟2023-2024学年高二(上)1月期末英语试卷(解析版)

这是一份福建省龙岩市一级校联盟2023-2024学年高二(上)1月期末英语试卷(解析版)，共24页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
1. What is the riginal price f the bag?
A. $145. B. $170. C. $200.
2. Where will the man prbably g first?
A. T a hspital. B. T a pst ffice. C. T a supermarket.
3. What transprtatin des the man suggest the wman take?
A. The bus. B. The taxi. C. The subway.
4. What is the man’s attitude twards the new plicies?
A. Disapprving. B. Anxius. C. Supprtive.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A natural disaster. B. New standards. C. A building.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. What is Lyn’s key demand fr an apartment?
A. The rent. B. The lcatin. C. The equipment.
7. What des the wman suggest the man d?
A. Lk fr a new jb.
B. Ride t wrk every day.
C. Find infrmatin n the Internet.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。
8. What will the man d next Friday?
A. G n a business trip.
B. Attend a wedding.
C. Create a schedule.
9. What is Dylan reminded t d in the end?
A. Prepare fr the family event.
B. Upgrade the cmputer system.
C. Submit a frmal request.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。
10. What is the wman?
A. A ck. B. An interviewer. C. A music lver.
11. Hw des the man recmmend his headphnes?
A. By giving an example.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By making a cmparisn.
12. What will the wman d tnight?
A. G t a cncert. B. Take the train. C. Buy a cker.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。
13. Why des the wman plan t quit?
A. The pay is dissatisfactry.
B. The manager is hard t get alng with.
C. The wrklad is t heavy.
14. In which department des the wman prbably wrk nw?
A. Accunting department.
B. Secretary department.
C. Legal department.
15. What will the wman d first after she quits?
A. Study abrad.
B. G n a trip.
C. Rest at hme fr a mnth.
16. What is the man’s attitude twards the wman’s decisin?
A. Understanding. B. Disappinted. C. Uncncerned.
听下面一段对话，回答第17至第20四个小题。
17. Hw is the weather n Mnday?
A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cludy.
18. What are the listeners advised t d n Thursday?
A. Carry raincats with them.
B. Enjy a beautiful sky.
C. Take an umbrella at night.
19. Which day is suitable fr utdr activities?
A. Tuesday. B. Friday. C. Saturday.
20. What is prbably Lisa?
A. A hstess. B. A weather wman. C. An adventurer.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
This page prvides infrmatin and guidance abut hands-nly CPR and CPR with rescue breaths fr children ver ne year ld.
Hands-nly CPR
T carry ut a chest cmpressin (压缩):
Place the heel f yur hand n the breastbne at the centre f the persn’s chest.
Place yur ther hand n tp f yur first hand and interlck yur fingers.
Psitin yurself with yur shulders abve yur hands.
Using yur bdy weight (nt just yur arms), press straight dwn by 5-6cm (2-2.5 inches) n their chest.
Keeping yur hands n their chest, release the cmpressin and allw the chest t return t its riginal psitin.
Repeat these cmpressins at a rate f 100 t 120 times per minute until an ambulance arrives r yu becme exhausted.
CPR with rescue breaths
Fr children ver ne year ld:
Open the child’s airway by placing ne hand n the child’s frehead and gently tilting their head back and lifting the chin. Remve any visible bstructins frm the muth and nse.
Pinch their nse. Seal yur muth ver their muth and blw steadily and firmly int their muth, checking that their chest rises. Give five initial rescue breaths.
Place the heel f ne hand n the center f their chest and push dwn by 5cm(abut tw inches), which is apprximately ne-third f the chest diameter. The quality (depth)f chest cmpressins is very imprtant. Use tw hands if yu can’t achieve a depth f 5cmusing ne hand.
After every 30 chest cmpressins at a rate f 100 t 120 per minute, give tw breaths.
Cntinue with cycles f 30 chest cmpressins and tw rescue breaths until they begin t recver r emergency help arrives.
1. What’s the first step f CPR with rescue breaths fr children?
A. T blw int their muth.B. T d 30 chest cmpressins.
C. T clear smething blcking the airway.D. T push hands dwn n the chest by 5cm.
2. What critical step d the tw CPRs have in cmmn?
A. T apply chest cmpressins prperly.
B. T call an ambulance fr treatment.
C. T put neself in a particular psitin.
D. T blw steadily and firmly int the muth.
3. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A business reprt.B. A fashin magazine.
C. An emergency brchure.D. A travel jurnal.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章提供了一岁以上儿童的人工心肺复苏和人工呼吸的信息和指导。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据CPR with rescue breaths标题下第二段“Remve any visible bstructins frm the muth and nse.”（清除嘴和鼻子上任何可见的障碍物。）可知，儿童人工呼吸CPR的第一步是清除阻塞呼吸道的东西。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hands-nlyCPR 标题下第二段“Place the heel f yur hand n the breastbne at the centre f the persn’s chest.”（将你的手掌根放在对方胸部中央的胸骨上。）第五段“Using yur bdy weight (nt just yur arms), press straight dwn by 5-6cm (2-2.5 inches) n their chest.及CPR with rescue breaths”（利用你的身体重量(不仅仅是你的手臂)，在他们的胸部向下按压5-6厘米(2-2.5英寸)。）及标题下第三段“Place the heel f ne hand n the center f their chest and push dwn by 5cm(abut tw inches), which is apprximately ne-third f the chest diameter.”（将一只手的手掌根放在他们的胸部中央，向下推5厘米(约2英寸)，这大约是胸径的三分之一。胸外按压的质量(深度)非常重要。）可知，这两个CPR的共同之处是需要正确进行胸部按压。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“This page prvides infrmatin and guidance abut hands-nly CPR and CPR with rescue breaths fr children ver ne year ld.”（本页提供了一岁以上儿童的人工心肺复苏和人工呼吸的信息和指导。）可知，本文出自一本应急手册。故选C项。
B
I’m 62 nw and always planned t vlunteer with lder peple when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and supprt this generatin receives and I fund the thught heartbreaking — n ne shuld have t feel lnely and stuck at hme.
I started vlunteering three years ag. My team f vlunteers have set up seven grups in ur twn. We hst tea parties fr thse aged 75 and lder wh live n their wn and regularly prvide supprt, friendship and cmpaninship fr the mst islated (孤独的) lder peple in the cmmunity.
Wrking with my lder neighbrs is rewarding. T hear their stries and the hardships they have vercme is inspiring. I feel like I’m making a psitive difference t the lives f lder peple by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and scial and making clear t them that they are valued by ur cmmunity.
As an area crdinatr (协调人), I als help recruit (招募) and manage vlunteers, withut whm the wrk wuld be impssible. S many g abve and beynd what’s asked, ffering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. I’ve fund enthusiasm frm peple making the lives f ur lder neighbrs better, and they are a cnstant surce f inspiratin fr me.
I’ve met amazing peple frm all walks f life. It’s the best thing I’ve ever dne that enriched my life. I will keep fcusing n reducing lneliness and islatin amng the elderly and helping them enjy the ld age they deserve.
4. What inspired the authr t begin vlunteering?
A. Lneliness and islatin.B. Lve fr vlunteering wrk.
C. Lack f scial supprt fr the ld.D. Older neighbrs’ cmpaninship.
5. What des the authr think f her vlunteering wrk?
A. It is meaningful.B. It gives her cnfidence.
C. It is challenging.D. It reduces her lneliness.
6. Hw can we describe the authr?
A. Cnsiderate and specialized.B. Inspiring and thughtful.
C. Supprtive and innvative.D. Caring and accmmdating.
7. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Managers.B. Vlunteers.
C. Crdinatrs.D. Senir neighbrs.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己三年前开始从事志愿者工作，帮助孤独老人，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，作者还招募和管理志愿者，认为志愿者工作很有意义。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m 62 nw and always planned t vlunteer with lder peple when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and supprt this generatin receives and I fund the thught heartbreaking — n ne shuld have t feel lnely and stuck at hme. (我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”可知，老年人缺乏社会支持促使作者退休后开始为老年人做志愿者。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I feel like I’m making a psitive difference t the lives f lder peple by sharing my time with them, helping them stay active and scial and making clear t them that they are valued by ur cmmunity. (我觉得我与老年人分享我的时间，帮助他们保持活跃和社交，并向他们表明他们被我们的社区所重视，这对他们的生活产生了积极的影响)”以及最后一段中“I’ve met amazing peple frm all walks f life. It’s the best thing I’ve ever dne that enriched my life. (我遇到了各行各业的了不起的人。这是我做过的最好的事情，丰富了我的生活)”可推知，作者认为自己的志愿者工作是有意义的，不仅丰富了作者自己的生活，而且帮助减少老年人的孤独和孤立，对他们的生活产生了积极的影响。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I’m 62 nw and always planned t vlunteer with lder peple when I retired. There was such a big gap in the care and supprt this generatin receives and I fund the thught heartbreaking — n ne shuld have t feel lnely and stuck at hme. (我现在62岁了，一直计划退休后为老年人做志愿者。这一代人得到的关怀和支持有如此大的差距，我觉得这种想法令人心碎——没有人应该感到孤独，被困在家里)”、第二段“I started vlunteering three years ag. My team f vlunteers have set up seven grups in ur twn. We hst tea parties fr thse aged 75 and lder wh live n their wn and regularly prvide supprt, friendship and cmpaninship fr the mst islated (孤独的) lder peple in the cmmunity. (我三年前开始做志愿者。我的志愿者团队在我们镇上成立了七个小组。我们为75岁及以上的独居老人举办茶会，并定期为社区中最孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴)”以及最后一段中的“I will keep fcusing n reducing lneliness and islatin amng the elderly and helping them enjy the ld age they deserve.(我将继续致力于减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活)”可知，作者关心老年人，参加志愿者团队，为孤独的老年人提供支持、友谊和陪伴，减少老年人的孤独和孤立，帮助他们享受他们应得的老年生活。由此可知，作者是一个关心他人，且乐于助人的人。故选D。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“I’ve fund enthusiasm frm peple making the lives f ur lder neighbrs better, and they are a cnstant surce f inspiratin fr me. (我从那些让老邻居的生活变得更好的人身上发现了热情，他们是我不断的灵感来源)”可知，代词they指代句中的“peple making the lives f ur lder neighbrs better (让老邻居的生活变得更好的人)”，即上文“I als help recruit (招募) and manage vlunteers, withut whm the wrk wuld be impssible. S many g abve and beynd what’s asked, ffering time, energy and kindness, just because they care. (我还帮助招募和管理志愿者，没有他们，这项工作是不可能的。很多人会超越要求，提供时间、精力和善意，只是因为他们关心)”中所提到的vlunteers“志愿者”。故选B。
C
When Shakespeare called a gd night’s rest the “cure f hurt minds,” he was really nt smething. Accrding t a recent survey, “Mst days r every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent f American adults had truble falling asleep in the previus mnth. S yu’re a little sleepy — n big deal, right? Wrng. A 1999 article in the medical jurnal The Lancet shwed and decades f research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects n yur health.
Happiness is the first t suffer. Everyne knws what it feels like t run n insufficient (不足的) sleep — yu can be fggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the jurnal Health Psychlgy in 2020 fund that the participants withut enugh sleep experienced a less psitive md when they came acrss quite rdinary stress, and smaller increases in psitive md frm pleasant events. When lacking sleep, peple felt annyed mre and easier, and things feel less fun.
Mre seriusly, sleep lss can cause clinical depressin and anxiety. In 2014, Australian schlars studying yung wmen fund that a year f frequent sleep difficulties predicted the nset f depressin and anxiety in later years.
Sme researchers have identified lng-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrme (ISS). Given the reprted evidence fr hw widespread the syndrme is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Althugh n study has yet established a cnnectin, it seems reasnable t think abut whether the lng-term declines in American happiness and increases in scial cnflicts may be cnnected t lss f sleep.
Whether yu are a sleep-deprived student, r wrkahlic, r just an ld-fashined insmniac (失眠症患者), attending t sleep is a critical strategy fr health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect f yur life culd be ne f the best things yu d all year.
8. Why des the authr mentin Shakespeare?
A. T shw Shakespeare’s wisdm.
B. T intrduce the tpic f sleep lss.
C. T highlight a serius health prblem.
D. T give reprted evidence f sleep debt.
9. What des the paper in Health Psychlgy tell us abut insufficient sleep?
A. It made peple feel negative.B. It led t pr eyesight.
C. It caused depressin and anxiety.D. It was nt wrth much cncern.
10. What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A. Reductin f happiness is linked t sleep lss.
B. Lng-term lack f sleep is nt a disease.
C. Sleep debt might affect bth individuals and the sciety.
D. Insufficient sleep syndrme is a recgnized epidemic.
11. What’s the authr’s purpse f writing the text?
A. T cnfirm sleep lss is a disease.
B. T advcate getting sufficient sleep.
C. T tackle widespread sleep prblem.
D. T prve happiness suffers frm sleep debt.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了睡眠不足对人的健康产生重大的有害影响，并提倡充足的睡眠。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When Shakespeare called a gd night’s rest the ‘cure f hurt minds,’ he was really nt smething. Accrding t a recent survey, ‘Mst days r every day’ in 2020, nearly 15 percent f American adults had truble falling asleep in the previus mnth. S yu’re a little sleepy—n big deal, right? Wrng. A 1999 article in the medical jurnal The Lancet shwed and decades f research suggest that ‘sleep debt’ can have significant harmful effects n yur health. (当莎士比亚把睡个好觉称为‘治愈心灵创伤’时，他确实说对了。根据最近的一项调查，在2020年的‘大多数日子或每天’，近15%的美国成年人在前一个月有入睡困难。你有点困，没什么大不了的，对吧？错了。1999年医学期刊《柳叶刀》上的一篇文章显示，几十年的研究表明，‘睡眠债’会对你的健康产生重大的有害影响)”可推知，作者提到莎士比亚所说的话是为了引出睡眠不足的话题。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“A paper published in the jurnal Health Psychlgy in 2020 fund that the participants withut enugh sleep experienced a less psitive md when they came acrss quite rdinary stress, and smaller increases in psitive md frm pleasant events. When lacking sleep, peple felt annyed mre and easier, and things feel less fun.( 2020年发表在《健康心理学》期刊上的一篇论文发现，睡眠不足的参与者在遇到相当普通的压力时，积极情绪的增加幅度较小，而在愉快的事件中，积极情绪的增加幅度也较小。当睡眠不足时，人们更容易感到烦恼，事情也不那么有趣)”可知，《健康心理学》上的论文告诉我们，睡眠不足让人们感到消极。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Sme researchers have identified lng-time sleep debt as a disease—insufficient sleep syndrme (ISS). Given the reprted evidence fr hw widespread the syndrme is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Althugh n study has yet established a cnnectin, it seems reasnable t think abut whether the lng-term declines in American happiness and increases in scial cnflicts may be cnnected t lss f sleep. (一些研究人员认为，长期睡眠不足是一种疾病——睡眠不足综合症。考虑到报道的证据表明这种综合症是多么普遍，它甚至可能被归类为一种流行病。虽然还没有研究确定两者之间的联系，但我们有理由去思考，美国人幸福感的长期下降和社会冲突的增加是否与睡眠不足有关)”可推知，我们可以从第4段中了解到，睡眠不足可能影响个人和社会。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Whether yu are a sleep-deprived student, r wrkahlic, r just an ld-fashined insmniac (失眠症患者), attending t sleep is a critical strategy fr health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect f yur life culd be ne f the best things yu d all year. (无论你是一个睡眠不足的学生，还是工作狂，或者只是一个老派的失眠症患者，注意睡眠都是健康和幸福的关键策略。调整你生活的这一方面可能是你一年中做的最好的事情之一)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡充足的睡眠。故选B项。
D
What ges n in ur brains when we decide t hit the share buttn, and what makes smething g viral? Since the dawn f the Internet, businesses, media utlets and influencers alike have been trying t answer these questins. Nw, researchers have cme ne step clser t cracking this mysterius mdel by shining a light n the neurscience (神经科学) f viral cntent.
“Our study finds a way t btain brain signals that wuld predict hw much infrmatin gets shared.” said Emily Falk, prfessr f cmmunicatin, psychlgy and marketing and Hang-Yee Chan, a lecturer f cmmunicatin.
Their new study, published in Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences n Octber 23, investigated bth the U. S. and the Netherlands using a brader range f news categries—including health and climate change.
“When we see greater activatin f regins that track self-relevance (Is it imprtant t me) and scial-relevance (Is it imprtant t peple I knw), the news articles are mre likely t be shared widely,” Falk and Chan said. By studying these brain respnses, the team managed t build a value-based mdel t accurately predict hw widely the articles wuld be shared nline. This link between brain activity and sharing was seen in bth the American and Dutch participants, suggesting that this mdel is accurate acrss cultures.
“Seeing hw peple’s brains react inside the scanner gives us insight int why peple ultimately share infrmatin nwadays,” Chan said. “If we understand these signals, we might be able t use that knwledge t help imprtant news get shared and stp misinfrmatin frm ging viral.” It is als helpful fr cntent creatrs t maximize their reach. “Our current study demnstrates hw tapping int the brain wuld help cntent creatrs ptimize their messages’ influence,” Falk and Chan said. “We are interested in building n these results t develp ways t cunter harmful infrmatin and false news, in additin t spreading high-quality cntent.” “A lt f ur mst pressing prblems in sciety are influenced by the decisins peple make, and the decisins we make are influenced by the news. What yu share matters, and s understanding why yu share it matters, t.”
12. What d researchers intend t d in their study?
A. T find a way t get brain signals.
B. T wrk ut a mysterius mdel.
C. T use a brad range f news categries.
D. T predict hw much infrmatin get shared.
13. What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A. The basis and prcess f the study.
B. The way t predict brain activatin.
C. The pattern f a value-based mdel.
D. The reasn why certain news is shared.
14. What’s the ptential applicatin f the finding f the study?
A. T slve mst urgent prblems.
B. T understand why viral news matter.
C. T influence the decisins peple will make.
D. T better the efficiency f psitive publicity.
15. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw t Share a Viral News
B. Hw t Obtain Brain Signals
C. Hw Certain Studies Get Shared
D. Hw Brain Identifies Viral Cntent
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过神经科学的方法探究人们在分享内容时大脑的反应，以及这种反应如何影响内容的传播。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“What ges n in ur brains when we decide t hit the share buttn, and what makes smething g viral? Since the dawn f the Internet, businesses, media utlets and influencers alike have been trying t answer these questins. Nw, researchers have cme ne step clser t cracking this mysterius mdel by shining a light n the neurscience (神经科学) f viral cntent.(当我们决定点击分享按钮时，我们的大脑是怎么想的?是什么让一些东西像病毒一样传播开来?自互联网出现以来，企业、媒体和有影响力的人一直在试图回答这些问题。现在，研究人员通过研究病毒内容的神经科学，离破解这个神秘的模型又近了一步)”可知，研究人员打算在他们的研究中找出一个神秘的模型。故选B项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段““When we see greater activatin f regins that track self-relevance (Is it imprtant t me) and scial-relevance (Is it imprtant t peple I knw), the news articles are mre likely t be shared widely,” Falk and Chan said. By studying these brain respnses, the team managed t build a value-based mdel t accurately predict hw widely the articles wuld be shared nline. This link between brain activity and sharing was seen in bth the American and Dutch participants, suggesting that this mdel is accurate acrss cultures.(Falk和Chan说：“当我们看到追踪自我相关性(对我重要吗)和社会相关性(对我认识的人重要吗)的区域更活跃时，新闻文章更有可能被广泛分享。”通过研究这些大脑反应，该团队成功建立了一个基于价值的模型，以准确预测文章在网上分享的范围。大脑活动和分享之间的这种联系在美国和荷兰的参与者身上都能看到，这表明这个模型在不同文化中都是准确的)”可知，本段主要讲述了研究的依据和过程。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we understand these signals, we might be able t use that knwledge t help imprtant news get shared and stp misinfrmatin frm ging viral.(如果我们理解了这些信号，我们也许能够利用这些知识来帮助重要新闻得到分享，并阻止错误信息的传播)”以及“We are interested in building n these results t develp ways t cunter harmful infrmatin and false news, in additin t spreading high-quality cntent.(我们有兴趣在这些结果的基础上，开发出对抗有害信息和虚假新闻的方法，同时传播高质量的内容)”可知，这项研究的潜在应用是提高正面宣传的效率。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“What ges n in ur brains when we decide t hit the share buttn, and what makes smething g viral? Since the dawn f the Internet, businesses, media utlets and influencers alike have been trying t answer these questins. Nw, researchers have cme ne step clser t cracking this mysterius mdel by shining a light n the neurscience (神经科学) f viral cntent.(当我们决定点击分享按钮时，我们的大脑是怎么想的?是什么让一些东西传播开来?自互联网出现以来，企业、媒体和有影响力的人一直在试图回答这些问题。现在，研究人员通过研究病毒内容的神经科学，离破解这个神秘的模型又近了一步)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过神经科学的方法探究人们在分享内容时大脑的反应，所以D项“Hw Brain Identifies Viral Cntent(大脑如何识别传播内容)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Scientists test their hypthesis (假设) either thrugh experiment r field wrk and the prcess is filled with changes.
Carry ut experiments
____16____. Yu make a simpler-scale r smaller-scale versin f the part f the real wrld yu want t study. In an experiment, a scientist tries t lk at hw just ne thing affects the subject they are wrking n. The difficult part is creating an envirnment in which nly that ne thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and ther small, enclsed settings fr their experiment. ____17____.
Cnduct field wrk
In field wrk, a scientist ges int an uncntrlled envirnment, a specific place in the wrld, and recrds exactly what is bserved there at the time. ____18____. S field wrk is almst always new and riginal. The difficult part with field wrk is that while yu are recrding yur bservatins, yu must make sure that yu yurself are nt interfering (干涉) with yur subject simply by being there. Fr instance, yu cannt cunt birds in a tree if yu scare any away.
____19____
Scientists are like detectives — they try t slve mysteries. Experiments are part f scientist’s detective kit. When yu want t prve a thery true r false, create an experiment that will test ne thing yu can bserve. Yu have an idea that if yu set up a cntrlled situatin and purpsely change nly ne thing, this change will cause smething else t happen. ____20____. If yur change causes smething else t happen, this “smething else” is called the respnding variable, because it is respnding t the change.
A. Create variables
B. Watch the prcess
C. Yu are studying a unique situatin every time
D. It is much easier t cntrl things in such envirnments
E. And the thing yu purpsely change is called the changing variable
F. Yu fcus yur attentin n just a few things, instead f n everything
G. Experimental bservatins are made in a cntrlled envirnment that yu create
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. E
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们验证他们的假设的一些方法。
【16题详解】
由下文“Yu make a simpler-scale r smaller-scale versin f the part f the real wrld yu want t study. In an experiment, a scientist tries t lk at hw just ne thing affects the subject they are wrking n. The difficult part is creating an envirnment in which nly that ne thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and ther small, enclsed settings fr their experiment.(你可以制作一个你想要研究的现实世界的更简单或更小的版本。在一项实验中，科学家试图观察一件事是如何影响他们正在研究的课题的。困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”可知，科学家们会根据自己研究的课题，通过在实验室里创建一个自己能够控制的，比要研究的现实世界更简单或更小的环境来开展实验；G选项“Experimental bservatins are made in a cntrlled envirnment that yu create(实验观察是在你创造的受控环境中进行的)”符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“The difficult part is creating an envirnment in which nly that ne thing changes. That is why scientists use test tubes, and ther small, enclsed settings fr their experiment.(困难的部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境。这就是为什么科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境。)”说明做实验中最困难部分是创造一个只改变一件事的环境，因此科学家们在他们的实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境；D选项“It is much easier t cntrl things in such envirnments(在这样的环境中，控制事情要容易得多)”承接上文，指出科学家们在实验中使用试管和其他小的、封闭的环境能够让事情更容易控制，符合语境；代词“It”指代上文中的“use test tubes, and ther small, enclsed settings fr their experiment”。故选D。
【18题详解】
上文“In field wrk, a scientist ges int an uncntrlled envirnment, a specific place in the wrld, and recrds exactly what is bserved there at the time.(在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，世界上一个特定的地方，并准确地记录下当时在那里观察到的东西。)”可知，在实地工作中，科学家进入一个不受控制的环境，记录在一个特定的地方当时观察到的东西，因此，每次研究的情况都是不同的，独特的；C选项“Yu are studying a unique situatin every time(你每次都在研究一个独特的情况)”符合语境，且与下文“S field wrk is almst always new and riginal.(因此，实地工作几乎总是新颖的、原创的。)”构成因果关系。故选C。
【19题详解】
设空处为小标题；根据下文中“When yu want t prve a thery true r false, create an experiment that will test ne thing yu can bserve. Yu have an idea that if yu set up a cntrlled situatin and purpsely change nly ne thing, this change will cause smething else t happen.(当你想证明一个理论是对还是错时，创建一个实验来测试你可以观察到的一件事。你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”以及“If yur change causes smething else t happen, this “smething else” is called the respnding variable, because it is respnding t the change.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应变化。)”可知，本段主要阐述科学家通过创建变量来证明一个理论是对还是错，测试自己观察到的事情；A选项“Create variables(创建变量)”能够概括本段主旨，适合作为小标题。故选A。
【20题详解】
上文“Yu have an idea that if yu set up a cntrlled situatin and purpsely change nly ne thing, this change will cause smething else t happen.(你有一种想法，如果你设置了一个可控的环境，故意只改变一件事，这个改变会导致其他事情的发生。)”说明科学家想证明一个理论是对还是错时，会在一个设置好的环境中故意只改变一件事，而这个改变会导致其他事情的发生；E选项“And the thing yu purpsely change is called the changing variable(你故意改变的东西叫做变化变量)”承接上文，告诉读者科学家故意改变的东西就是“变化变量”；下文“If yur change causes smething else t happen, this “smething else” is called the respnding variable, because it is respnding t the change.(如果您的更改导致其他事情发生，则此“其他事情”称为响应变量，因为它正在响应更改。)”介绍了由于改变而导致发生的其他事情则是“响应变量（respnding variable）”。由此可知，E选项符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. Every day was an exciting adventure f ____21____ in my childhd filled with arts, crafts and music. ____22____, smewhere alng the way I lst tuch with my creative self.
At 21, upn graduatin, I ____23____ a jb at a cmpany. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk. The days were lng and ____24____. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh. Befre lng I decided t make a ____25____. One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I ____26____ a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it ____27____ my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, later I ____28____ a part-time design curse. I tk classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, ____29____ and happiness. As it became clearer that _____30_____ was where my lve lay, wrking at the cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n _____31_____ and zer fulfillment. Apparently, I needed a bigger change. _____32_____, I made a difficult decisin, — quitting my _____33_____ and studying my design curse full time.
The last few years witnessed my success in what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the _____34_____ f my wn fashin brand. I feel _____35_____ that setting the wheels f change has led me t where I am tday.
21. A. learningB. creatinC. imaginatinD. amusement
22. A. BesidesB. TherefreC. HweverD. Otherwise
23. A. landedB. desiredC. shiftedD. handled
24. A. bringB. interestingC. rewardingD. challenging
25. A. surveyB. changeC. cmmitmentD. preparatin
26. A. taughtB. passedC. attendedD. designed
27. A. maintainedB. increasedC. awakenedD. prtected
28. A. benefited frmB. tried ut frC. came up withD. signed up fr
29. A. passinB. recgnitinC. curisityD. innvatin
30. A. artsB. craftsC. fashinD. adventure
31. A. prmtinB. vacatinC. businessD. mtivatin
32. A. InitiallyB. InstantlyC. GraduallyD. Eventually
33. A. jbB. dreamC. interestD. decisin
34. A. teacherB. designerC. inventrD. musician
35. A. inspiredB. blessedC. relievedD. impressed
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己勇敢选择自己喜欢的事业和人生，并取得成功的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的童年，每天都是充满艺术、手工艺和音乐的令人兴奋的创造冒险。A. learning学习；B. creatin创作；C. imaginatin想象力；D. amusement娱乐，娱乐活动。根据上文“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl.”以及空后“filled with arts, crafts and music”可知，作者从小就很有创造力，童年里每天都做各种创作。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在途中的某个地方，我与创造性的自我失去了联系。A. Besides此外；B. Therefre因此；C. Hwever然而；D. Otherwise否则。上文“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. Every day was an exciting adventure f ________ in my childhd filled with arts, crafts and music.”与空后“smewhere alng the way I lst tuch with my creative self.”为转折关系，hwever“然而”符合语境。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：21岁毕业时，我在一家公司找到了一份工作。A. landed着陆，成功得到；B. desired渴望；C. shifted转移；D. handled处理，应付。根据空后“I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk.”可知，作者找到一份工作，land“成功得到，捞到（尤指许多人想得到的工作）”符合语境。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样的日子漫长又无聊。A. bring令人厌烦的，乏味的；B. interesting有趣的；C. rewarding值得做的，报酬高的；D. challenging富于挑战性的。根据空前“I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk.”以及空后“Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh.”可知，作者觉得这样的日子很无聊、乏味的。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，我决定做出改变。A. survey调查；B. change变化；C. cmmitment承诺；D. preparatin准备。根据下文“One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I ________ a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege.”以及下文“Apparently, I needed a bigger change.”可知，作者决定做出改变，重拾自己小时候的爱好。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我参加了一所社区大学的缝纫课程。A. taught教；B. passed 经过；C. attended参加，上 （学）；D. designed设计。根据下文“As I dreamt bigger, later I ________ a part-time design curse. I tk classes tw nights a week.”可知，作者去上了社区大学的缝纫课程。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这只是一个为期五周的课程，但它唤醒了我的兴趣，让我树立了信心。A. maintained维护；B. increased增加；C. awakened唤醒，唤起；D. prtected保护。根据空后“As I dreamt bigger, later I ________ a part-time design curse.”可知，这个仅为期五周的课程，唤醒了作者的兴趣。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着我的梦想越来越大，后来我报了一个兼职设计课程。A. benefited frm得益于；B. tried ut fr参加……选拔；C. came up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）；D. signed up fr报名参加。根据下文“I tk classes tw nights a week.”可知，作者报名了设计课程。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然很累，但它给了我能量、激情和快乐。A. passin激情，酷爱；B. recgnitin承认；C. curisity好奇心；D. innvatin创新，改革。根据下文“As it became clearer that ________ was where my lve lay”可知，设计课程让作者找到了自己热爱的东西，passin“激情，酷爱”符合语境。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我越来越清楚地意识到，时尚是我的挚爱，在这家公司的工作变得越来越艰难。A. arts技艺，人文科学；B. crafts工艺，手艺；C. fashin时尚，时装业；D. adventure冒险。根据下文“quitting my ________ and studying my design curse full time”以及“Tday I am living a creative life as the ________ f my wn fashin brand.”可知，作者意识到自己喜欢时装设计。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有精力，没有动力，没有成就感。A. prmtin晋升，促销；B. vacatin假期；C. business商业，企业；D. mtivatin动力。根据上文“I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk.”以及“I felt bred.”可知，作者所做的工作让作者感觉没有动力，没有成就感。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我做了一个艰难的决定——辞去工作，全职学习设计课程。A. Initially最初；B. Instantly立刻；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Eventually最终。根据空后“I made a difficult decisin, — quitting my ________ and studying my design curse full time.”可知，作者最终决定辞职，全职学习设计。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我做了一个艰难的决定——辞去工作，全职学习设计课程。A. jb工作；B. dream梦想；C. interest兴趣；D. decisin决定。根据空后“studying my design curse full time”可知，作者决定辞去工作，全职学习设计。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，我作为自己时装品牌的设计师，过着创造性的生活。A. teacher教师；B. designer设计师；C. inventr发明家；D. musician音乐家。根据上文“quitting my ________ and studying my design curse full time”可知，作者学习设计，最终成为一名设计师。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很幸运，是改变的车轮把我带到了今天。A. inspired受到启发的，能力卓越的；B. blessed有福的，幸运的；C. relieved放心的，宽慰的；D. impressed有深刻的好印象。根据空后“setting the wheels f change has led me t where I am tday”可知，作者对于自己做出改变从事自己热爱的设计行业感到非常幸运。故选B。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When peple mve t a new cuntry, they ften feel wrried and stressed because they dn’t knw the custms and traditins f the new place. This feeling is what ____36____ (call) “culture shck” generally. Kalerv Oberg was the first persn ____37____ (use) this phrase. Accrding t Oberg, there are several ____38____ (stage) f culture shck.
____39____ cmes first is the hneymn perid. During the perid, whatever peple experience is fresh and exciting t them. In the next stage, peple ften feel ____40____ (frustrate). They ntice mre differences between their wn culture and the new ne. Peple usually either change their behavir ____41____ return t their hme cuntry. If they stay, peple cme t the third stage which ____42____ (ccur) when they begin t adjust ____43____ the new culture. They begin t becme familiar with the custms, the thinking, and the habits f the new place. ____44____ (accept) is the furth stage. Peple ____45____ (final) begin t fit int the new culture. Differences n lnger truble them as much, and they might have a sense f belnging in the new place.
【答案】36. is called 37. t use 38. stages 39. What 40. frustrated 41. r 42. ccurs 43. t 44. Acceptance 45. finally
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了“文化冲击”一词的提出者Kalerv Oberg对文化冲击的几个阶段的详细解释。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：这种感觉通常被称为“文化冲击”。本句是what引导的表语从句，call作从句谓语，和主语what是被动关系，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语what为第三人称单数。故填is called。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Kalerv Oberg是第一个使用这个短语的人。此处是固定搭配：be the first persn t d sth.意为“第一个做某事的人”。故填t use。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：Oberg认为，文化冲击有几个阶段。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据several可知用复数形式。故填stages。
【39题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：首先是蜜月期。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填What。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在下一个阶段，人们通常会感到沮丧。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，修饰主语peple，修饰人用-ed形式。故填frustrated。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：人们通常要么改变自己的行为，要么回到自己的祖国。此处是固定搭配：意为“要么……要么……”。故填r。
【42题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果他们留下来，人们就会进入第三阶段，这时他们开始适应新的文化。本句是which引导的定语从句，ccur作从句谓语，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，which代指先行词stage，为第三人称单数。故填ccurs。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：如果他们留下来，人们就会进入第三阶段，这时他们开始适应新的文化。此处是固定搭配：adjust t意为“调整到”。故填t。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：接受是第四个阶段。空处为本句主语，应填名词，accept的名词形式是acceptance，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Acceptance。
【45题详解】
考察副词。句意：人们终于开始适应新的文化。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰。故填finally。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 有人说，“读万卷书，不如行万里路”，也有人认为，“秀才不出门，而知天下事”。寒假将至，你是选择在家读书，还是外出旅行?请根据你的选择用英语写一篇短文阐述你的观点，内容包括：
1.你的选择；
2.说明理由。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
范文1：
As smene said, “It is better t travel ten thusand miles than t read ten thusand bks.” Therefre, cmpared t staying at hme and reading bks, I believe that traveling can bring mre benefits.
First and fremst, traveling allws me t expse myself t different cultures and traditins, s it bsts my persnal and intellectual grwth. Admittedly, I need t arrange my wn rutes, accmmdatin and transprtatin, which nt nly strengthens my independence but als helps me better adapt t different envirnments and challenges.
Overall, I think traveling will prvide me with much-needed relaxatin and inspiratin.
范文2：
During the winter break, I prefer t stay at hme and engage myself in reading rather than g ut fr a trip. The reasns are as fllws.
First and fremst, a gd bk can transprt me t distant places and different times, allwing myself t escape the hustle and bustle. Additinally, with a pile f bks t read, I will make the mst f my break by devting sufficient time t cntinuus learning. Thus, I can reflect and gain new perspectives.
In cnclusin, reading at hme brings me relaxatin and inspiratin.
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a yearly basis, funded by Mr. Alden, a Field Day was held in the twn f Silver City. Every year the bys were in training fr the races. And nt nly adults but bys and girls trained hard fr Field Day.
There were prizes fr all kinds f races — running and swimming and jumping. But the best ne was a ft race, called a free-fr-all, because anyne culd run in it. Mr. Alden gave a prize f twenty-five dllars and medals t the winners. Smetimes a by wn the champinship. Smetimes a girl. Once a fat man had wn it.
On Field Day, Mike was cutting the grass fr Mr. Mre in the neighbrhd t earn his living expenses. Suddenly Mr. Mre stpped his car in the street and called t Mike. “Hp in,” he said. “Tday is Field Day, and I want yu t see the races.” Sn Mike fund himself sitting n the bleachers (露天看台). By and by, a small by climbed up the bleachers and sat beside him.
Then a man called, “Free-fr-all! Cme and get ready!”
Being a newcmer, Mike didn’t knw what a free-fr-all was. The by next t him explained t him and pinted at the winner f last year’s race. Obviusly, he was smaller than Mike, but he was lder. Suddenly, Mike std up and quietly left the bleachers. He went t the rm where the bys were getting ready fr the race.
“D yu want t run in the race?” a man asked him.
“Yes, I d,” replied Mike.
The man gave him sme track clthes with the number 4 n the frnt and back.
“Where did yu train?” he asked.
“I never was trained,” said Mike.
“These bys have been training all year,” remarked the man.
“Oh, I dn’t think I’ll win,” respnded Mike. “But I am keen t run. It’s my passin and it’s lts f fun.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mike culd hardly wait fr the race t begin.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Faster, faster! I can run faster than this,” cried Mike t himself with cnfidence.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Mike culd hardly wait fr the race t begin. “Bang!” went the starting gun. Off went the runners dwn the track. In almst n time Mike was behind mst f the ther runners. But he did nt seem t mind this. “It’s fun t run, anyway,” he said again t himself. Gradually, all the peple began t see Mike running faster and faster, and sn he passed ther runners ne by ne. The audience began t cheer him n, “Number 4! Number 4!”
“Faster, faster! I can run faster than this,” cried Mike t himself with cnfidence. Feeling greatly encuraged, he quickened his pace, keeping running ahead. Sn nly ne runner was ahead f him. “I am ging t win this race!” he said t himself, lwering his head and dashing frward. Eventually, he crssed the line first! A strm f applause explded in the crwd, peple shuting with excitement. Prize in hand, it dawned n Mike that victry favrs thse wh are passinate abut what he is wrking n.
听力答案：1-5 CACBA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 ACBCA 16-20 ABACA