【春考特训课】第01讲：语法知识之名词数词---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用）

这是一份【春考特训课】第01讲：语法知识之名词数词---【决胜春考】2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习（江苏专用），文件包含春考特训课第01讲语法知识之名词数词原卷版---决胜春考2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习江苏专用docx、春考特训课第01讲语法知识之名词数词解析版---决胜春考2025年春季高考英语冲刺总复习江苏专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。
知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
名词主要出现在语法填空中，2024年新高考I，新高考II，全国甲卷都考查了名词，而且新高考II，全国甲卷出现2处名词的考察，可见名词仍是高考复习的必要语法重点，尤其要注重词性转换。阅读理解，完形填空:名词词义的辨析。语法填空中名词主要考查以下几点:
有提示词: 1 提示词为名词考察名词单变复。
2 提示词为其他词，根据句子成分分析，需要填名词，需要考虑变成该词的名词形式。
【要点梳理】
考点一：名词单数变复数的用法
考点二：抽象名词具体化用法
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
Yur cntributin will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→tw drinks 两杯饮料 cffee咖啡→a cffee一杯咖啡
chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
Being able t affrd a drink wuld be a cmfrt in thse tugh times.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
④名词单复数的形式比较复杂，注意掌握好以下的情况
1)有些名词一般不用复数形式，但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别
fishes各种鱼；fruits各种水果；steels各种钢材
2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义
snw雪, snws积雪; tw peple两个人，tw peples两个民族
3)glass一词
作 “玻璃”解时，为物质名词，不可数The cup is made f glass.
作 “玻璃杯”解时，则为个体名词，可数；如I bught ten glasses this mrning.
作 “眼镜”解时，须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses
4)paper一词作“纸”解时，不可数
write n paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时，则可数,如: hand in yur test papers
5)物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。f之前的数量名词，要根据情况使用单数或复数形式
a cup f tea; fur pieces f bread; a cake f sap
6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义
time(时间)→times( 时代，次，倍数) wrk(工作)→ wrks( 著作，工厂，工事)
air(空气) →airs( 气派，架子,姿态 ) lk(看)→lks(容貌)
custm(习惯) →custms(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)
arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)
glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) gd(利益)→ gds(货物)
green(绿色)→greens(青菜) clth(布) →clthes(衣服)
cmpass(指南针)→cmpasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)
paper(纸)→ papers(考卷,文件) sand(沙子) →sands(沙滩)
water(水)→ waters(水域) wd(木柴) →wds(树林)
考点三：名词所有格的用法
要点精讲1：名词所有格：表示人或有生命的名词常在词尾加's或’
①表示两者各自所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加’s；表示两者共有，在最后名词词尾加’s。如：
my sister's telephne 姐姐的电话
Jnes’ rm琼斯的房间
Nurses’ Day护士节
Wmen’s day 妇女节。
②表示店铺、办公室或某人家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。如：
at the barber's在理发店
at my uncle's在我叔家
Have yu ever met Tm's and Jim's fathers befre?汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲
③若一样东西为两人所有，只在后一个名词后加’s。
This is Tm and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。
要点精讲2：f所有格
无生命的名词常用f所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或定语修饰的有生命的名词用f所有格。
the windw f the rm 房间的窗户
要点精讲3：双重所有格
指＂名词＋f＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋f＋名词性物主代词＂。
a play f Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧)
a friend f mine(我的一个朋友)
考点四：动词/形容词变为名词的归纳与总结
1：动词转化为名词的后缀
2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
考点五：名词分类及句法功能
1.作主语
The yung wman played an imprtant part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa jined the Red Army at the age f fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
（1）作及物动词的直接宾语
I met yur elder brther in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have yu finished the letter t Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗？
（2）作及物动词的间接宾语。
I tld my students a funny stry. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the dctr anther questin. 她问了医生另一个问题。
（3）作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled dwn in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
D yu still ask yur parents fr mney?你还向爸妈要钱吗？
3.作表语
It’s a gd idea t plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is nw a prfessr while her husband remains a wrker. 也现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tm head f the wrkshp. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。（职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）
The ld man called my uncle Xia Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。
cllege students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stp by the bk stre n the way hme.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！
He bught the shes in that she shp. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
（2）名词所有格作定语。
students’ bks学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the wrld’s ppulatin世界人口
（3）man，wman，gentleman作定语
man，wman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that tw wmen dctrs wuld cme t ur village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。
There are many men teachers in ur schl. 我们学校有很多男教师。
（4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式。
arms prductin 武器生产 clthes shp服装商店 sales department营业部 a gds train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 freign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Bys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/by(peasant习惯直接作定语) a wrker’s family(wrker习惯用所有格作定语)
（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。
wmen drivers女司机 the wman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友
mther tngue母语 mther’s tngue母亲的舌头
（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性
gld watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) glden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)
6.作状语
时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The sldiers walked 50 kilmeters at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Yur suitcase weighs 10 kilgrams. 你的手提箱重10千克。
【名词思维导图】
课堂精练
演练
单句语法填空
1．The dcumentary Du Fu: China’s greatest Pet made by BBC helps freigners knw abut China better and wins widespread (recgnize) amng freigners.
2．Simple (direct) fr assembling the mdel are printed n the bx.
3．Of all the (cnsult), nly Mr. Wang gave us sme prpsal in pint.
4．If yu dn't have a gd cmmand f English, yu'll be at a (advantage)．
5．In this seaside resrt, yu can enjy all the cmfrt and (cnvenient) f mdern turism.
6．These charities appeal t the cmpassinate feelings and (generus) f the general public.
7．The specialists cllect bld samples fr (analyze) at a natinal labratry.
8．His (cruel) t the cat in the vide made the netizens quite angry.
9．With the (develp) f the Internet, less cmmunicatin will be dne by regular mail.
10．I made an (aplgise) t him fr my misunderstanding f his kindness.
11．There is n dubt that he deserves the title “utstanding player f his (generate)”.
12．This apprach is based n the (assume) that peple will be mst interested in the activities they chse fr themselves.
13．In the epidemic f 1916, a (physical)culd d little fr the thusands wh fell ill.
14．China has cntributed t the (stable) and balance f glbal ecnmic develpment.
15．T handle this prblem, I wuld like t prpse seven practical (recmmend) as fllws.
16．This drug has ne imprtant (limit). Its effects nly last six hurs.
17．Simple acts f kindness and （generus）can be seen everywhere.
18．This list ranked cmpanies that make charitable (cntribute) f a half millin dllars r mre.
19．Hwever, Casn’s theme is a mre weighty warning abut envirnmental (destry).
20．After kncking plitely at the dr, that (apply) entered the ffice f the editr.
单项选择
1. They gt much _____ frm thse new bks.
A. ideas B. phts C. news D. stries
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.
2. I have tw _______ and three bttles f _________ here.
A. range, range B. ranges, ranges C. ranges, range D. range, ranges
解析: range 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3. Every evening Mr. King takes a _________ t his hme .
A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk
解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。
4. An ld _______ wants t see yu.
A. peple B. persn C. the peple D. the persn
解析: persn 与peple 都有“人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a persn”,“两个人” 用 “tw persns”; peple 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the peple 指 “人民”, a peple 指 “一个民族”. 应选B。
5. Help yurself t __________.
A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples
解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。
6. Oh, dear. I frgt the tw _________.
A. rm’s number B. rms’ number C. rm numbers D. rms’ numbers
解析: rm number 房间号码. rm可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my physics teacher, tw bus drivers 等。应选C。
7. She has been in Tianjin fr ten years. Tianjin has becme her secnd _________.
A. family B. huse C. hme D. rm
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; huse指的是房子(住所); rm 指的是房间;而hme 指的是家, 因此选C.
8. ________ mthers culdn’t g t the meeting, because they have gne t Shanghai .
A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mthers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9. Li Lei has been t __________ many times this mnth.
A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s
解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lt experience
解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lt f , lts f, plenty f 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11. A classmate f _________ was here ten minutes ag.
A. yu B. yur C. yur sister D. yur sister’s
解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12. A grup f _________ are talking with tw ___________.
A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+s, 应选A.
13. The team ________ having a meeting .
A. is B. are C. am D. be
解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14. “Wuld yu like _________?” “________, please.”
A. drink, Three cffees B. a cup f drink, Cffees
C. a drink, A cffee D. a drink, Three cups f cffees
解析: drink 和cffee是不可数名词, 可以用…f来表示数量, eg, three cups f cffee,
当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”.因此选C。
课后反馈
演练
单句语法填空
1．Playing basketball helps me t build up my (strengthen) and becme mre cnfident.
2．The key t success as a rmantic (nvel) is abslute belief in yur stry.
3．What makes the writer unique is nt nly his great wrks but als his (cmmit) t what he lves.
4．After an (analyse) f the species, the research team cnfirmed it as a new species.
5．The exact (lcatin) are being kept secret fr reasns f security.
6．It was a (relieve) fr us t pick sme ranges tgether with my classmates last weekend.
7．Please allw me t cngratulate yu with all my heart n yur great (achieve).
8．Miss Li was making an (annunce) when smene brke int the rm.
9．T their (disappint), their sn didn’t recver frm his illness.
10．T my great (amaze), he is entirely addicted t abusing drugs.

单句语法填空
1．We have a family (gather) regularly s that we can keep in clse tuch with ur family members.
2．I have saved up my three years’ (earn) and have it all safe in my pcket.
3．He has a (prefer) fr English and intends t be an interpreter.
4．It’s hard t tell the (differ) between British English and American English.
5．He made it clear that he had n (intend) t jin us in the activity.
6．The patient made a quick (recver) frm his peratin.
7．His curage and determinatin were a surce f (inspire) t thers.
8．Smiling and laughing has actually been shwn t relieve (tense) and stress.
9．Fr (cnvenient),I asked him t give me a lift.
10．The tw jurnalists fllwed at a prper (distant).
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied t create this prtective ____functinal____ (functin) structure that is als beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made f glass and aluminium (铝).
These plants included mdern Western ____62____ (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel. The garden als cntains a winding path that guides visitrs thrugh the twelve regins f the Silk Rad. The path ffers ver 300 plant species fr visitrs t see, t.
【2024全国甲卷】
They are ____42____（treasure）f American heritage（遗产）.
They all agreed and vwed（承诺）t prmte the idea at the ____48____（cmplete）f their jurney. Their prmtinal wrk paid ff. Tw years later, 18 years befre Wyming became a state, Yellwstne became the first natinal park in the United States and the wrld.
【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】
Tang and Shakespeare were cntempraries and bth died in 1616. Althugh they culd never have met, there are cmmn ___37___ (theme)in their wrks, said Paul Edmndsn, head f research fr the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal ___42___ (visible), said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed ___t find___ (find)the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
【2024北京卷】
T practise this, we need t establish clear ___14___ (bundary) in ur persnal and prfessinal life.
【2024浙江1月卷】
Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the ____40____ (criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items.
◆【数词】◆
知识梳理
演练
【考情链接】
近年高考卷对于数词的考查主要考查：
1.序数词前通常要加定冠词the。
2.“几十多岁”表达法
3.序数词或受序数词修饰的名词后，通常用不定式作定语。
4. 表示“第几长/宽/高/……”与最高级连用。
5. 表达“某人第几次做某事”句型。
【要点梳理】
考点一：基数词
1. 英语中没有“万”这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的“万”，英语需借用thusand一词，如“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thusand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(ne hundred thusand)。
2. 用作基数词单位的 hundred, thusand, millin, billin 通常不带复数词尾-s，但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：
Abut tw thusand peple died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thusands f peple g t the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
3. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。
This tk place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
考点二：序数词
1. 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的，如fur / furth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但是nine变为序数词是ninth，而不是ninth。
2. twentieth, thirtieth, frtieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie，再加-th 构成。
3. first, secnd, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。
4. 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。
5. hundred, thusand, millin 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thusandth, millinth 等。
6. 序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：
My rm is n the secnd flr and his n the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
易错警示
有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：
We’ll have t d it a secnd time. 我们得再做一次。
序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于：定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似anther的意思，但比anther 的意思更明确。
考点三：数词的主要用法
一、表示日期
1949年1949读作nineteen frty-nine
6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third f June
2006年10月Octber 2006 读作Octber, tw thusand and six
1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the secnd f May, sixteen hundred
二、表示钟点
半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用t。
08:00 eight ’clck或eight
09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine 02:30 tw thirty或half past/after tw
05:45 five frty-five或a quarter t six 14:15 furteen fifteen=2.15 p. m.
23:05 twenty-three h five 24:00 twenty-fur hundred hurs=midnight
三、表示编号
如N.2第二，第一次课可以说the First Lessn或Lessn One， 808号房间Rm 808；168路公共汽车Bus N.168；南京路1490号1490 Nanjing Rad；电话号码83545601(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。
a N.3 bus一辆三路公共汽车，the N.3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。
四、表示倍数
4. 倍数+what引导的从句。如：The cllege is twice what it was 5 years ag.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。
【数词思维导图】
课堂精练
演练
单句语法填空
1．—Dad, abut three _______ (eight) f ur classmates wear glasses.
—Oh, that's terrible. Yu all shuld take gd care f yur eyes.
2.If yu purpsefully try t act instead f killing yur time, it will becme yur ___7___ (tw) nature, and laziness will be the thing f the past.
3.The pyramid was made up f ________(millin) f stnes.
4.As the ____2___ （three）slar term in the lunar year, its name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins t cme back t life.
5.There are twelve flrs in this building and Mr. Wu’s ffice is n the ________(fur) flr.
6.He Jing became famus as a hst in China in his ___________ (20).
7.—Culd yu tell me when Max began t d business?
—Sure. He began t d business when he was in his ________(thirty) and has earned 2.56 billin yuan s far.
8.We’ll have a surprise party fr my mther’s ________ (frty) birthday next Saturday.
9.Nwadays, a number f peple like HUA WEI phnes, abut ________(五分之四) f them are adults.
10.The captain said she was the __________(twelve) tutr, wh had cme t lk after his children since their mther died.
11.We are celebrating ur grandpa's ___________(ninety) birthday next week.
12. In the summer hliday fllwing my ___________(eighteen) birthday, I tk driving lessns.
13.In the summer hliday fllwing my________(eighteen) birthday, I tk driving lessns.
14.Just hw extrardinary was the step？This marks nly the ___3___（fur）time since the first mdern Olympics in 1896 that the Games have been affected by utside frces．
15.Wrld Envirnment Day is n the _______ (five) f June.
16.Yu’d better g hme t see yur parents ______________________(tw) a week. They need mre care.
完成句子
1. It is nt rare _________ (在九十年代) that peple in their fifties are ging t university fr further educatin.
2. _________ (五分之三) f the land in that district is cvered with trees and grass.
3. Americans eat _________ (两倍多的) as many vegetables per persn tday as they did in 1910.
4. The earth is _________ (49倍) the size f the mn.
5. The grain utput f this year is _________ (高8%) than that f last year.
6. _________ (几百万) peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by e-mail every day.
7. The her f the stry is an artist _________ (三十多岁).
8. Mr. Smith asked me t buy _________ (两打) eggs fr the dinner.
9. I will stay here fr _________ (一两天).
10. The class was ver. The students went ut f the classrm _________ (三三两两地).
11. The rice prductin has _________ (增加了5.8%) this year.
12. There were fifteen presidents befre Abraham Lincln, s he was _________ (第十六任) president.
13. It will take me _________ (一年半的时间) t finish the curse.
14. Is the Yellw River _________ (第二大河) in China?
15. _________ (开始的三个部分) f the text are rather difficult fr us beginners.
课后反馈
演练
单句语法填空
1. Dr. Zhng Nanshan, wh is already in his ______ (eighty), makes great cntributins t the battle against nvel crnavirus.
2.The universe as a whle cntains ______ (billin) f galaxies(银河系).
3. Australia is the _____ (six) biggest cuntry in the wrld.
4. Bb's birthday is n the ______ (eight) f June.
5. The captain said she was the ______ (twelve) tutr, wh had cme t lk after his children since their mther died.
6. Penicillin is arguably the greatest medical discvery f the ______ (twenty) century.
7. I met Mrs. Smith in the ______ ( nine) grade n a stage-design team fr a play and she was ne f the directrs.
8. It's said that the pwer plant is nw ______ (tw) as large as what it was.
9. It's said that the pwer plant is nw twice ______ it was.
10. I can’t match up the tw ______ (half) f the phtgraph, fr a bit is missing frm the middle.

单句语法填空
1. Tw ______ (three) f the land in my hmetwn is cvered with trees and grass.
2. It's reprted that wmen with demanding jbs are almst ______ (tw) as likely t suffer heart attacks.
3. The ______ (ne) thing I wuld say is that the way yu begin the cnversatin is very imprtant.
4. Thugh a large amunt f mney _______ (use) and a number f dctrs and nurses devted their time and energy t researching int the causes f cancer, peple are able t win the battle in the end.
5. A number f turists ______ (be) t the Great Wall recently.
6. The number f students in the cmputer class ______ (limit) t ten.
7、This hall is six times ______ (big) than ur classrm.
8. This hall is six ______ (time) the size f ur classrm.
9. Mvies give delight t ______ (millin) f peple.
10. After my ______ (first) visit t Bstn, I spent almst every winter in the nrth.一般情况下
在词尾直接加-s
muth→muths,huse→huses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词
在词尾加-es
glass→glasses,match→matches
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词
变y为i再加-es
cuntry→cuntries,factry→factries
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词
在词尾直接加-s
hliday→hlidays,mnkey→mnkeys
以结尾的名词
一般在词尾加-s
pian→pians,pht→phts
有些在词尾加-es
her→heres,ptat→ptates
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
一般要变f或fe为v加-es
self→selves,wlf→wlves
少数直接加-s
rf→rfs,belief→beliefs
单复数同形
deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
词形变化
man→men, wman→wmen, child→children,
tth→teeth, ft→feet, muse→mice
合成名词的复数
将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, lker-n→lkers-n
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:
grwn-up→grwn-ups, stand-by→standbys
名词前有man/wman修饰
man/wman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:
wman dctr→wmen dctrs, man teacher→men teachers。
备注1： 不可数名词的用法
通常只用作不可数名词的名词：
advice建议，furniture家具，fun乐趣；infrmatin信息，news新闻，weather天气，prgress进步，wealth财富，value价值等。
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功的人或事
pleasure
乐趣
令人高兴的事
beauty
美；美丽
美丽的人或事物
cmfrt
安慰；慰藉
令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger
危险
危险的人或因素
delight
高兴
令人高兴的事
failure
失败
失败的人或事物
surprise
惊奇
令人惊奇的事情
shck
震惊
令人震惊的事情
pride
骄傲
令人骄傲的事情
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:Jhn's hme约翰的家;
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbks 学生们的课本;
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。如:
the title f the article文章的标题;
the name f the girl ver there那边那位女孩的名字。
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+f+-'s所有格”或“名词+f+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,sme,a few,tw,this,that,these,thse 等修饰,但不能用the。如:
a picture f my mther's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat f yur sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。
后缀
例词
－in
－tin
－sin
－atin
crrect→crrectin改正 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 graduate→graduatin毕业
expect→expectatin期望
－er
－r
sail→sailr海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
－ment
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
astnish→astnishment惊奇
－ance
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure
ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现 scare→scarey害怕
后缀
例词
－age
shrt→shrtage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
－cy
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dm
free→freedm自由 wise→wisdm明智；智慧
－ence
different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
－ness
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th
strng→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
－y/－ty/－ity
safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
respnsible→respnsibility责任 hnest→hnesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难
备注2： 用数词表示约数的方法
一、表示笼统数目的方法
可用 tens f, dzens f, scres f, hundreds f, thusands f, millins f 等表示。如：
二、表示“少于”“接近”的方法
可用 less than, under, belw, almst, nearly, up t 等来表示少于或接近某个数目。如：
三、表示“多于”“超过”的方法
可用 mre than, beynd, r mre, ver, abve 等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：
四、表示“大约”“左右”的方法
可用 r, r s, abut, arund, sme, mre r less 等表示。
备注3： 含有数字的英语成语
■ne by ne 一个个地 ■in ne 合为一体 ■ne in a thusand 优秀的人（或事物）
■by tws and threes 三三两两 ■三三两两 in tws and threes ■tw-way 双向的
■in tws and threes 三三两两地 ■in furs 每组四个 ■in tws 两个两个地
■at sixes and sevens 为习语，意为：乱七八糟，七上八下，杂乱无章，一片混乱。