2021江西中考英语试卷+答案+解析(word整理版)

这是一份2021江西中考英语试卷+答案+解析(word整理版)，共11页。试卷主要包含了听力测试，单项填空，完形填空，阅读理解，补全对话，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、听力测试(20分)(略)
二、单项填空(8分)
请阅读下面各小题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(每小题1分)
21.Yur leg lks really bad! I think yu shuld send fr a abut that.
A.piltB.dctrC.singerD.pstman
22.—What?s that terrible nise?
—It?s Jhn. He the vilin.
A.practicedB.is practicingC.was practicingD.has practiced
23.Sue wrks , s she never seems t make mistakes.
A.lateB.alneC.happilyD.carefully
24.These beautiful animals are endangered. We must them.
A.saveB.shwC.stpD.catch
25.There are n buses t the beach. yu have a car, it?s difficult t get there.
A.SinceB.AfterC.UnlessD.Because
26.—Hw d we turn n the ven?
—I yu;weren?t yu listening?
A.tellB.am tellingC.will tellD.have tld
27.—Are yu ging t the airprt by bus?
—I?d rather take a taxi. It?s .
A.quickerB.cheaperC.the quickestD.the cheapest
28.The man did a great jb in fighting COVID-19.He n TV and becmes widely knwn.
A.interviewedB.has interviewed
C.was interviewedD.will be interviewed
三、完形填空(26分)
A)请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。(每小题1分)
They weigh almst nthing. Yet they are 29 than steel. In fact,sme spiders? webs are amng the wrld?s strngest materials, 30 they can be pulled lnger than elastic(橡皮筋). They can als be any 31 . Spider webs are amazing.
A spider has hundreds f small penings in its bdy. Silk cmes ut f these penings as a liquid(液体), and, as it reaches the air, it becmes thread-like. These 32 threads(线) cme tgether t frm a single thread.
The spider can make many different kinds f thread. The thread can be thick r thin, wet r dry, r sticky. Each kind has a different 33 . Sme webs create an egg bx. Others 34 hiding places. The mst cmmn purpse f a spider web, hwever, is t catch fd.
There are many 35 the spider uses its web t catch fd. Fr example, sme spiders prduce a single thread.An insect then sits n it 36 realizing what it is ding,and becmes 37 . Slwly, the spider mves twards the insect. 38 , it cvers its fd in silk.
Sme spiders use a different kind f 39 . They make webs that cheat insects. An insect sees the web and thinks it?s a flwer. It then 40 the web. The spider can feel even the smallest mvement f the web, and rushes at the insect 41 it can get away.
Spider webs are s 42 that engineers have been studying them fr years. They want t learn why they are s strng and elastic. Hwever, fr the mment, spiders are keeping their 43 . Althugh they have made great prgress in science and technlgy, humans still haven?t been able t cpy natural webs.
B.brighterC.heavierD.thicker
B.butC.ifD.r
B.priceC.weightD.temperature
B.brkenC.tinyD.weak
B.purpseC.sizeD.name
B.chseC.findD.change
B.reasnsC.stepsD.ways
B.frC.withutD.in
B.stuckC.excitedD.burnt
B.ClearlyC.SuddenlyD.Ludly
B.materialC.pwerD.trick
nB.mves twardsC.flies verD.lks int
B.befreC.untilD.unless
B.expensiveC.imprtantD.amazing
B.plansC.secretsD.recrds
B)请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。(每小题1分)
star still gd rest up hw pllutin stp small see twards
Lk up at the sky at night. What can yu see? Befre electric lights, peple culd ften see abut 2,500 different stars. Nw, light fills the skies ver ur cities. This is called light 44 . Because f it, peple in cities can ften nly see abut ten 45 !
Mst f the time, light helps us. We can 46 because f it. It gives plants energy. But light isn?t always 47 . We need times f dark 48 . One hundred years ag, we had thse times f dark. Nw the night is like day. Sme scientists are wrried abut 49 this light affects(影响)ur health. These scientists are studying the effects f light pllutin.
Other scientists are finding ways t 50 light pllutin and make ur lives better. Fr example,many streetlights nw have cvers. The cvers fcus the light 51 the grund. They stp the light frm ging 52 int the sky. They als save energy. The cvers are a 53 change, but they can 54 have a psitive(正面的) effect.
四、阅读理解(46分)
A)请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。(每小题2分)
A
55.When will A Cat?s Mind be perfrmed?
A.14—24 August.B.15—23 August.
C.22—24 August. D.14—22 August.
56.What is the price f an adult ticket fr the cncert?
A.$80.B.$50.C.$20.D.$18.
57.Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the ads abve?
A.A grup f children perfrm A Cat?s Mind.
B.Fawkins has wn Prima Music Prize nce.
C.The vide shw is presented by the parents.
D.Yu can buy Fawkins? latest CD at the cncert.
B
British adventurer(冒险家)Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike arund the wrld, walked acrss India,and rwed(划船)frm Africa t Suth America. In 2011,hwever, Humphreys had sme f the biggest adventures f his life—and he never even left the United Kingdm.
Fr a year,Humphreys went n micradventures—small, lw-cst trips clse t hme. Why did he d this?“I started t think that it was pssible t have an adventure anywhere,” he explains. Fr his first trip, he went hiking with a friend arund the M25—a 188-kilmeter rad that ges all the way arund Lndn. Other adventures included swimming in the River Thames,sleeping utside n a hill, and ging n a muntain biking trip.Humphreys learned smething imprtant frm his micradventures:We find adventures when we try smething new.
Humphreys wanted ther peple t make this discvery, t, s he decided t share his idea.He challenged peple t g n micradventures and send him fur-minute vides f their trips. He asked them t d things like climbing a hill, ging away fr a weekend, r chsing a randm(任意的) place n a map and ging there. Peple frm all ver the wrld accepted his challenge and psted their vides n Twitter.
58.Which f the fllwing belng t micradventures?Check and chse the right answer.
①walk acrss India②sleep utside n a hill
③g away fr a weekend④swim in the River Thames
⑤rw frm Africa t Suth America
⑥hike arund the rad arund Lndn
A.①③④⑤B.①④⑤⑥C.②③④⑥D.②③⑤⑥
59.What can we knw abut Humphreys? persnality accrding t the passage?
A.Brave, creative and active.B.Prud, humrus and kind.
C.Careful, quiet and hard-wrking.D.Cnfident, strict and warm-hearted.
60.What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A.A Big ChallengeB.An Amazing Travel
C.Keep a Trip RecrdD.G fr a Micradventure
C
Tday, by carefully chsing dg parents, humans have created many different kinds f dg. Each kind has its wn lk and talents, and its wn rle within human sciety. Here are three examples f “a dg?s life” in the human wrld.
Tday,many hspitals let specially trained dgs in t bring lve and cheer t patients. Shaynee is a therapy(治疗)dg.She visits children wh are in hspital. Dgs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hspital. They help bth children and adults stay strng during lng hspital stays, and, sme suggest, even help them get better.
Tday, sme beagles(小猎犬) wrk in airprts fr the gvernment. They are part f the prgram called the Beagle Brigade. A beagle is gd fr the wrk because f its pwerful nse, and ability t fllw smells. The Beagle Brigade?s jb is t smell everything that cmes int the cuntry. They make fficers ntice illegal(非法的)fruits, vegetables, and ther fds in luggage r in mail. The beagles d the jb far better than any human culd.
While sme dgs are wrking hard, thers are free t spend their days resting and playing. Acrss the wrld,many pet dgs are treated like children. Many have their wn rms and all the things a dg culd want. Sme even have their wn clthes. Many f these pets spend their days playing, learning t fllw, r even ging t classes. Their wners give them the best, and enjy ding s.
Whether as wrkers r bjects f affectin(钟情), dgs have becme helpful t humans in many ways. There are plenty f advantages fr the dg, t. Many kinds f wild dgs have nearly disappeared frm the Earth. Hwever, the dmestic dg?s special place as “man?s best friend” has allwed it t survive(存活) in a human wrld.
61.What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A.Hspitals need many special dgs.B.Dgs can take care f patients.
C.Patients need lve in the hspital.D.Dctrs are t busy t see patients.
62.What des the underlined wrd “dmestic” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Trained.B.Smart.C.Hungry.D.Valuable.
63.What?s the purpse f the passage?
A.T ask peple t treat dgs as their wn children.
B.T explain why humans need beagles in their wrk.
C.T tell peple abut the histry f dgs? develpment.
D.T shw a gd relatinship between dgs and humans.
64.Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A.B.C.D.
D
Eight hundred years ag, a man in suthern Turkey invented an amazing clck. It was mre than 7 meters high. At its base(基座) was a life-size mdel elephant. Every half hur, smething amazing happened. The whle clck came alive: Mdel birds, dragns, and peple started t mve.
The clck?s inventr was an engineer named al-Jazari. He lived in Turkey. Al-Jazari was prbably ne f the greatest engineers in histry. Sme histrians call him “the father f mdern-day engineering”.
We knw abut al-Jazari mstly frm a bk that he wrte. They include clcks and hand-washing machines. The bk als has drawings that shw hw each machine wrks.
Many everyday things tday—frm tys t car engines(发动机)—still use al-Jazari?s ideas. Withut his machines with mving parts, we might nt have mdern-day rbts.
Tday, it is still pssible t see what al-Jazari?s elephant clck lked like. A full-size wrking mdel is in Dubai?s Ibn Battuta Mall. There, every half hur, al-Jazari?s mst amazing inventin cmes t life nce again.
Hw Des the Elephant Clck Wrk?
A bwl with a small hle flats(浮) in a water tank(水箱) inside the elephant?s bdy. As the bwl slwly sinks(下沉), it pulls a rpe that mves a human figure. His mving pen shws the number f minutes past the hur.
Every half hur, the water bwl becmes full and sinks cmpletely. This causes a ball t fall frm the tp f the clck. The mvement f the ball causes a phenix t mve and make a sund.
The ball then drps ut f a falcn?s muth int the muth f a Chinese dragn. The weight f the ball causes the dragn?s head t mve dwn, and the dragn?s tail pulls the water bwl back up.
Finally, the ball drps ut f the dragn?s muth and int a vase. As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver mves and makes a sund. The cycle begins again until there are n mre balls in the tp f the clck.
65.Why is al-Jazari called “the father f mdern-day engineering”?
A.His ideas are still widely used in machines.
B.The elephant clck is an amazing inventin.
C.His inventins include sme parts f mdern rbts.
D.His bk abut machines is still ppular with readers.
66.Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank “ ” in Paragraph 3.
A.He became famus when he was a yung man.
B.He invented a lt f everyday machines in histry.
C.It describes a number f machines f all shapes and sizes.
D.Peple in Turkey enjy reading his bks in their free time.
67.What des the underlined wrd “This” in Paragraph 7 refer t?
A.The pen mves.B.The ball drps.
C.The bwl sinks cmpletely.D.The bwl pulls the rpe.
68.Hw des the elephant clck wrk?Put the steps in the crrect rder.
a.The ball drps int the vase.
b.The ball drps int the dragn?s muth.
c.The elephant driver mves and makes a sund.
d.After 30 minutes, a ball starts t fall frm the tp.
e.The bwl mves dwn in the water and pulls n rpes.
A.b-d-a-c-eB.e-d-b-a-cC.a-e-b-d-cD.c-a-d-e-b
E
Many scientists nce believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic(基因的), while their persnalities, intelligence, and ther differences between them are an effect f their envirnment.Nw scientists are discvering that the bundaries(界限) between genes and envirnment are nt s clear.
Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adpted(领养) as babies and raised by different cuples. When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discvered they had plenty in cmmn. Bth were six feet tall, 180 punds. They had the same smile and the same vice. When scientist Thmas Buchard Jr. invited the Jim twins t his lab, peple there fund it very hard t tell them apart.
But the similarities didn?t stp at the physical. They?d bth had dgs named Ty. They had bth married wmen named Linda, and then their marriage brke up. They?d bth been plicemen, enjyed music, and left lve ntes arund the huse fr their wives. They had s much in cmmn;it seemed unlikely these were just cincidences(巧合).
The Jim twins were just ne f 137 sets f separated twins Buchard tested. When they cmpared the twins? IQ scres, Buchard and his team reached a surprising cnclusin(结论). They cncluded that intelligence was mstly cnnected t genes rather than t training r educatin. It seemed the differences in family and envirnment had little effect.
Hwever, genes can?t cntrl everything, argues geneticist Danielle Reed, wh als studies twins. Reed?s research shws that thugh nthing can truly change ur DNA, envirnmental differences that a child experiences befre birth and in their first year can smetimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins int very different peple. “What I like t say is that Mther Nature writes sme things in pencil and sme things in pen,” she explains. “Things written in pen yu can?t change. That?s DNA. But things written in pencil yu can.”
69.Hw many physical similarities between the Jim twins are mentined?
A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.
70.What did Buchard?s study find abut the twins?
A.Each seemed t be as tall as their twin.
B.Each had the same hbby as their twin.
C.Each had almst the same ability as their twin.
D.Each had abut the same IQ level as their twin.
71.What is Reed?s pinin abut genes and envirnment?
A.Only DNA has an effect n ur develpment.
B.Envirnment culd pssibly change sme things abut us.
C.There are n bundaries between genes and envirnment.
D.Envirnmental differences can smetimes change ur DNA.
72.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.The way the DNA behaves.
B.The similarities between the Jim twins.
C.The cnnectin between intelligence and families.
D.The effects f genes n persnality and intelligence.
B)请先阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个还原到文中,使短文意思通顺、结构完整。一空一句。(每小题2分)
The Value f Negative Results
We all avid failure(失败), and mst f us fear it. Hwever, withut failure, prgress wuld be impssible. What des success usually cme after? Failure. It seems that ne cannt exist(存在) withut the ther.
Accepting failure is nt easy fr many, thugh. We are ften unwilling t accept failure because ur prfessinal fame depends n success. 73 In the past ten years, fr example, sme scientific magazines have published reprts f failed tests. It is believed that scientists can learn frm “negative(负面的)” results and that this can finally lead t psitive results.
74 The ABN AMRO Bank started an Institute(机构) f Brilliant Failures t learn mre abut what wrks and what desn?t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Cmpany had failure parties t study the drugs(药物) that dn?t wrk.
In fact, ne f the business wrld?s mst famus failures became ne f its biggest successes, in part because the prduct?s makers learned frm their mistakes. 75 The prduct, thugh unique(独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy;besides, sme f its mst imprtant features(特点) didn?t wrk prperly. As a result, it became ne f Apple?s biggest failures, and in 1998, the cmpany stpped selling it. Hwever, Apple?s CEO, Steve Jbs, believed in the prduct and he began t find ut ways f imprving it. In time, this led t the prductin f the iPhne and the iPad, tw f the cmpany?s mst successful prducts.
76 Nt nly shuld we try t learn frm it;if we want t succeed, we must als be persistent(执着的).Thugh Apple stpped selling the Newtn in 1998, the first iPhne wasn?t available until 2007. It tk a lt f research and hard wrk t g frm the Apple Newtn t iPhne, but in the end, the effrt became successful.
All in all, there is a lt we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the mst imprtant lessn is that failure and success are tw sides f the same cin. 77
A.One truly cannt exist withut the ther.
B.We are brave enugh t face difficulties.
C.In the early 1990s, Apple created a phne called the Apple Newtn.
D.The business wrld already understands the value f negative results.
E.The Apple Newtn has wn ppularity with peple all ver the wrld.
F.Hwever, things are slwly changing, especially in business and science.
G.The stry f the Apple Newtn can teach us an imprtant lessn abut failure.
五、补全对话(5分)
请阅读下面对话,根据对话内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处,使对话通顺、合理,意思完整。一空一句。(每小题1分)
(Jack and Reem are talking in frnt f the huse. Jack=J Reem=R)
J: Hey, Reem. 78 What?s wrng?
R:I?ve fallen ut(闹翻)with Lee!
J: I can?t believe that. Calm dwn! 79
R: Well, yu knw we were planning t g hrse riding in the summer hlidays.
J: Yes.
R: Well, it?s nt ging t happen! He said his friend has invited him t visit him and his family in the USA this summer.
J: Well, that?s nt s bad! He prbably thught it was a gd chance. 80
R: I knw, but I was really lking frward t learning t ride! Anyway, we argued, and he hasn?t spken t me all day!
J: Lk, Reem, it?s nt the end f the wrld. He?s prbably upset at the mment, t. 81
R: Gd idea. He usually listens t yu.
J: Cheer up! 82 And Lee is, t!
R: Yes, I knw. Thanks, Jack.
A.What happened?
B.Yu lk upset.
C.I can talk t him.
D.I?m still yur friend.
E.What?s yur idea fr that?
F.Yu can g hrse riding with thers.
G.I?m sure he didn?t want t hurt yur feelings.
六、书面表达(15分)
失败乃成功之母。本卷阅读理解B部分文章讨论了失败对于获取成功具有重要的价值。请你根据下面提示,写一篇英语短文,谈谈你如何借鉴Apple的成功经验,采取有效行动,变失败为成功。
写作要点:
1.What have yu learned frm Apple?s stry?
2.Have yu ever experienced a failure? What was it?
3.What will yu d t turn it int a success?
要求:
1.短文应包括提示中所有的写作要点,条理清楚,行文连贯,可适当发挥;
2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名;
3.词数不少于80。



二、单项填空
21.B 本题考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知,腿看起来很糟,需要派人去请医生,故答案选B。
22.B 本题考查时态。根据上句可知,此刻的噪音是Jhn正在练习演奏小提琴发出的,故答案选B。
23.D 本题考查副词词义辨析。根据下文她似乎从不犯错可知,她工作很细心,故答案选D。
24.A 本题考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“这些美丽的动物濒临灭绝”可知,我们必须拯救它们,故答案选A。
25.C 本题考查连词。根据前一句可知,没有公交车去海滩,因此除非你有汽车,否则很难到那里,故答案选C。
26.D 本题考查时态。根据下文“难道你之前没在听吗?”可知,动作已经发生,我已经告诉过你了,应用现在完成时,故答案选D。
27.A 本题考查形容词比较级。前句“我宁愿乘出租车”说明选择两者间较快的交通方式,故用比较级;乘出租车费用较贵,故排除了B选项,故答案选A。
28.C 本题考查语态和时态。He与interview之间是被动关系,根据他变得很出名可知采访发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。
三、完形填空
A)
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了蜘蛛网坚韧的特征,蜘蛛如何利用网来捕食,以及科学家对网的研究。
29.A 上句讲它们几乎没有重量,下句中又提到有些蜘蛛织的网是世界上最强有力的材料之一,因此它们比钢更有力,故选A。
30.B 设空处前后是转折关系,有些蜘蛛网很强有力,但是可以被拉伸得比橡皮筋更长,故选B。
31.A 蜘蛛网可以被拉伸,也可以是任何形状,所以很神奇,故选A。
32.C 蜘蛛分泌的液体在空气中成为细小的丝,这些细丝再聚到一起成为单根的线,故选C。
33.B 根据下文列举的蜘蛛织网的不同目的,以及本段最后一句中的The mst cmmn purpse(最为常见的目的)可知,这里选B。
34.A 此处讲蜘蛛织网的目的,故应该是给自己提供躲避场所,故选A。
35.D 根据下文的例子可知,本段及下一段介绍蜘蛛如何使用不同的方法来捕食,故选D。
36.C 这里指昆虫坐在蜘蛛丝上,并没有意识到它是做什么的,故选C。
37.B 这是指昆虫被粘住了,这里用stick的过去分词作形容词,用在becmes后面,形成系表结构,故选B。
38.C 这里指蜘蛛捕食的动作很快,突然就用丝把昆虫网住了,与上文的Slwly形成对比,故选C。
39.D 根据下一句中的cheat(欺骗)可知,此处指一些蜘蛛用另一种花招,故选D。
40.A 昆虫看到蜘蛛网以为是朵花,就落在上面,这个动作让蜘蛛感觉到了动静,故选A。
41.B 这里引导时间状语从句,表示动作发生的先后顺序,指蜘蛛在昆虫能逃走之前就向它冲过去,故选B。
42.D 根据后文可知,蜘蛛网如此神奇以至于科学家研究它们多年,故选D。
43.C 根据Hwever可知,目前科学家还没有完全研究出来,蜘蛛仍然保守它们的秘密,故选C。
B)
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,介绍了光污染问题以及科学家研究并采取的防范策略。
44.pllutin 根据前文“灯光布满城市上空”和第二、三段出现的light pllutin可知,此处表示“这被称为光污染”,故此处需要填名词pllutin。
45.stars 前文提到在电灯出现之前,人们可以看到大约2,500颗星星,而现在城市里的人们只能看到大约10颗,故此处用star的复数形式。
46.see 因为光,我们能看见东西,情态动词can后面用动词原形。
47.gd 前文介绍光的好处,由But可知,此处介绍坏处,光并不总是好的,be动词后面用形容词gd。
48.t rest 我们需要黑暗的时间来休息,这里为need sth. t d sth.结构。
49.hw 用hw来引导宾语从句,指一些科学家担忧光如何影响我们的健康。
50.stp 结合下文可知,科学家正在找方法阻止光污染,stp与宾语light pllutin形成搭配。
51.twards 介词twards意为“朝着某个方向”,这里是指街灯上的灯罩将光聚集,朝向地面。
52.up 与上句联系,此处表示阻止了光朝上射入空中,从而避免光污染。
53.small 用形容词修饰后面的名词change,指给街灯安装灯罩是一个小小的改变。
54.still 改变虽小,但仍然有着正面的影响。
四、阅读理解
A)
A
[语篇解读] 本文是一张2021年8月举行的艺术节的宣传海报。
55.B 细节理解题。PERFORMANCE这一部分介绍了有关A Cat?s Mind演出的信息,根据演出日期的信息可知选B。
56.A 细节理解题。根据CONCERT部分的$80(adult)可知,成人票价是每人80美元,故选A。
57.D 细节理解题。根据PERFORMANCE部分可知演出者为yung peple,而不是A grup f children,故排除A项;根据CONCERT中第一句中的tw-time Prima Music Prize winner可知,Fawkins获奖两次,而不是一次,故排除B项;根据VIDEO中第一句可知,节目的表演者为students,而不是parents,故排除C项;根据CONCERT中第二句可知,Fawkins的最新CD将在音乐会上出售,故选D。
B
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了英国冒险家Alastair Humphreys从事并倡导大家进行微冒险的故事。
58.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的went hiking with a friend arund the M25—a 188-kilmeter rad that ges all the way arund Lndn和swimming in the River Thames, sleeping utside n a hill, 以及第三段中的ging away fr a weekend可以判断,②③④⑥这四项属于微冒险,故选C。
59.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中Humphreys曾骑车周游世界、步行穿越印度等,可推断出他勇敢的性格;在一年的时间里他又开始在国内尝试各类小型且花费较少的微冒险,并通过录制短视频进行分享来鼓励别人探索和挑战新的活动,可见他是一个积极活跃又富有创造力的人,故选A。
60.D 主旨大意题。全篇讲述了一位英国冒险家尝试并带领大家进行微冒险的故事,故选D。
C
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,介绍了不同种类的狗有着独有的外貌、天赋,在人类社会中扮演着独有的角色,并举了三个具体的例子。
61.B 主旨大意题。本段第一句为段落的中心句,本段介绍了医院用经过专门训练的狗来给病人带来关爱和欢乐,并举例说明。故选B。
62.A 词义猜测题。根据上下文可知,很多种野生犬几乎在世界上消失了,而驯养的犬成了“人类最好的朋友”,这种特殊的身份使得它们能够在人类世界中继续生存下去,故选A。
63.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知,不同种类的狗都有各自的外貌和天赋,在人类社会中以不同的角色存在着,下文列举了不同种类的狗在很多方面帮助着人类,所以作者的写作目的就是展示狗与人类之间的良好关系,故选D。
64.C 篇章结构题。第一段是总体介绍不同种类的狗在人类社会中的角色;第二至四段分别说明不同类型的狗,如医院治疗犬、机场小猎犬、家庭宠物狗,所以这三段是并列关系;最后一段进行了总结,狗在很多方面能够帮助人类,是人类最好的朋友,这一特殊地位使它们得以在人类世界中生存。故选C。
D
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了被历史学家誉为“当代工程学之父”的工程师al-Jazari以及他发明的一台报时钟。
65.A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,很多现代的日常用品都采用了al-Jazari的创意,甚至现代的机器人都以他制作的含运转部件的机器为基础。故选A。
66.C 推理判断题。前句讲他写了一本书,后句补充说其中包括钟和洗手机。由此推知,空缺处应讲书里面描写了大量的各种形状和大小的机器,故选C。
67.C 词义猜测题。这个词与上句联系紧密,就是指碗里的水装满了并且完全沉下去了这件事,故选C。
68.B 细节理解题。此题需根据文章第六到第九段描述的整个机器的运转过程仔细分析。第六段讲碗里蓄水慢慢下沉带动绳子拉动人像,第七段讲每三十分钟碗中蓄满水并完全沉没导致小球从顶部落下,第八段讲小球又从猎鹰嘴里落入龙嘴,第九段讲小球从龙嘴掉入花瓶,然后骑象者移动发出响声。故选B。
E
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。科学家和遗传学家通过对双胞胎们进行研究,发现基因是决定性格、智力及其他差异的主要因素,环境、教育等因素影响较小。
69.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知,这对双胞胎在身高、体重、笑容和嗓音四个身体方面相似,故选C。
70.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,Buchard研究了137对分开生活的双胞胎,比较了他们的智商后发现,智力的决定因素主要是基因,而不是后天的教育和训练。由此可知,双胞胎的智商几乎一样,故选D。
71.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Reed研究发现尽管基因没办法被改变,但孩子出生以前及出生后一年内经历的环境差异会影响到基因的表现形式,也就是会改变我们身上的某些东西。故选B。
72.D 主旨大意题。本文主要讲科学家和遗传学家通过对双胞胎们进行研究,发现人的性格和智力主要受到基因的影响,后天环境影响较小,故选D。
B)
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文,通过列举苹果公司早期研发产品经历了失败,但从失败中学习,并坚持不懈改进产品,最终取得成功的故事来证明失败与成功相辅相成的关系。
73.F 前句讲人们不愿意接受失败,后面举例说明科学家们可以从“负面”结果中学习,从而获取正面的结果,故设空处应与前句是转折关系,F项(然而,事情正在慢慢改变,特别是在商业和科学两个领域。)符合此处语境,故选F。
74.D 根据下文举的两个例子可知,本段是用商业领域的事例来说明人们已经理解了“负面”结果的价值,即失败的重要性,与F项中的especially in business and science呼应,故选D。
75.C 根据下文的The prduct及Apple可知,此处要提到苹果公司早期的一款产品,故从C、E、G中选;此处应是第一次出现Apple Newtn这个产品名称,故选C。
76.G 根据下文“如果想成功,我们不仅应该试图从失败中学习,而且必须非常执着”可知,此处应承上启下,表达上述故事给我们上了关于失败的重要一课,故选G。
77.A 最后一段是总结,失败与成功是同一硬币的两面,它们之间是互相依存的关系。此处与第一段最后一句呼应,故选A。
五、补全对话
[语篇解读] 这是Reem在因为和好友Lee发生了矛盾而很沮丧的时候,Jack作为两人好友来安慰Reem的一段对话。
78.B 根据下句What?s wrng?可以推断出,Jack看出了Reem不开心,故选B。
79.A 由上文得知Reem和Lee闹翻了,下文解释了整件事情,所以此处应是Jack在询问发生了什么。
80.G 根据前句“他也许认为那是个好机会”及答语I knw可知,此处是Jack在说“他这样做并不是想伤害你的感情”。
81.C 根据下文答语可知,此处是Jack说他会和Lee谈谈。
82.D 根据后一句And Lee is, t!可知,Jack在安慰Reem,说“我仍然是你的朋友,Lee也是”。
六、书面表达
写作提示
本文需以第一人称为主。第一段谈从事例中学到的经验;第二段结合自身生活实际,描述一次失败体验,用一般过去时;第三段谈将怎么做以使自己反败为胜;第四段表达希望。
参考范文
Failure can lead t success.We shuld study it and learn why we make mistakes, and then find ways t slve ur prblems. Als, we shuld never give up!
I nce tried ut fr a speech cmpetitin. I practiced it many times.Unexpectedly, I failed. I?ve never spken in frnt f the public ever since.
Apple?s stry is quite an inspiratin fr me. What can I d t make it?First, be cnfident and try t speak in public places. Secnd, ask my teachers r friends fr sme advice and imprve my language skills. Finally, be persistent and practice speeches ver and ver again.
I?m sure I will succeed sme day.
10
江西省2021年初中学业水平考试
(满分:120分 考试时间:120分钟)
ART FESTIVAL
14—24 August 2021
VIDEO
An hurly shw f vides presented by Pembertn Secndary Schl students. Vide themes are abut intellectually(智力上) disabled yuth and their parents.
Venue: Capital Hall
Dates: 14—22 August
Free admissin
PERFORMANCE
Alpine Yuth Theater presents A Cat?s Mind with cheerful sngs and dance,prmising t give a wnderful perfrmance by 20 yung peple between 18 and 25 years f age.
Venue: Natinal Arts Theater
Dates: 15—23 August
Free admissin
CONCERT
Eric Fawkins,tw-time Prima Music Prize winner,will perfrm an evening f classical and jazz ballads.
Eric Fawkins? latest CD will als be n sale.
Venue: Victry Theater
Dates: 22—24 August
Tickets: available at $50(child), $80 (adult)
10 江西省2021年初中学业水平考试
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
B
B
D
A
C
D
A
C
A
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
B
A
C
B
A
D
C
B
C
39
40
41
42
43
55
56
57
58
D
A
B
D
C
B
A
D
C
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
A
D
B
A
D
C
A
C
C
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
B
C
D
B
D
F
D
C
G
77
78
79
80
81
82
A
B
A
G
C
D