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2022年高考英语词汇串串连及词以群分知识精讲-强化训练-
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这是一份2022年高考英语词汇串串连及词以群分知识精讲-强化训练-,共32页。
【触类旁通】
relatively adv. 相比较而言地。例如:
Relatively speaking, he is getting well.
相对而言,他在慢慢地好起来。
It is relatively cld tday.
今天比较冷。
relative n. 亲戚,亲属 例如:
My aunt is my nly immediate relative. 我姑母是我唯一的至亲。
relativity n. 相关性;相对性;【物】相对论
4. pure adj. 纯的,纯净的;纯洁的;纯粹的;纯正的;完全的,十足的
【地道表达】
pure cld / silver纯金 / 银
pure science / math 纯科学 / 数学
pure drinking water纯净的饮用水
a pure yung girl一位纯洁的姑娘
100% pure百分之百地纯
by pure chance / luck / cincidence
完全是碰巧 / 纯属运气/巧合
pure and simple完全是
The sweater is made f pure wl / silk / cttn.
这件运动衫是纯毛/丝/棉制的。
5. flat vi.& vt.(使)漂浮
【触类旁通】
flating adj. 不固定的
a flating ppulatin 流动人口
flating exchange rates 浮动汇率
flating vter 游离选民
6. absrb vt. 吸收;理解、掌握
【地道表达】
Black clth absrbs light.
黑布吸光。
The cream is easily absrbed int the skin.
这种乳霜容易被皮肤吸收。
be absrbed in sth 全神贯注于。例如:
I was absrbed in a bk and didn’t hear yu call.
我(当时)正专心地读一本书,没有听见你叫我。
be absrbed int sth
被并入;(被)融入。
We were sn absrbed int lcal village life.
我们很快就融入到当地的乡村生活中了
absrbing
非常吸引人的;引人入胜的
an absrbing bk
一本很吸引人的书
7. stable adj. 稳定的;稳固的;稳重的
【地道表达】
The ladder desn’t seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。
The patient’s cnditin is stable.
患者病情稳定。
a stable character
稳重的性格
【触类旁通】
stably adv. 稳定地;稳固地;平稳地
stability n. 稳定性
stabilize v. 使稳定
stable n. 马厩;养马厂;(属于同一主人或驯马师的)一群赛马
stable vt. 把……拴入马厩
词汇串串连 (2)
fictin [U] 小说 [C] 虚构的事
【触类旁通】
fictin 小说 (不可数)
nvel 中长篇小说(可数)
shrt stry 短篇小说
2. league [C] 里格(旧时长度单位);联盟;联合会,社团
【触类旁通】
League f Natins 国际联盟
Baseball League 棒球联合会
the Arab League 阿拉伯联盟
3. apply vt. 应用;运用;vi. 申请;请求
【地道表达】
apply fr a jb / pst / passprt
申请工作 / 职位 / 护照
apply t a university
向大学提出入学申请
The rules f safe driving apply t everyne.
安全驾驶条例适用于每个人。
【触类旁通】
applicatin n. 申请
applicatin frm 申请表
applied art 实用美术
applicable adj.适用的;合适的
applicant n. 申请人
4. make a living 谋生
【触类旁通】
earn / gain / get / make ne’s living
谋生
make a living by ding sth.
靠……为生
make a living n sth. 以……为生
5. cllisin n.(车、船的)碰撞;(利益,意见的)冲突
【地道表达】
cllisin at sea 海上碰撞
a cllisin between tw trains
两列火车相撞
cme int cllisin with
和……相撞 / 冲突 / 抵触
in cllisin with 和……相撞/冲突
6. verbard adv.自船上落下,在船外
【地道表达】
thrw sb. / sth. verbard
丢在船外/丢在水中;抛弃;扔掉
fall verbard
从船上落入、跳入水中;
A man verbard! 有人落水!
g verbard fr / abut
沉迷于;狂热地追求
7. permanent adj. 永久的,不变的,耐久的;常设的,常任的
【触类旁通】
temprary [反义]
everlasting [同义]
【地道表达】
permanent / temprary staff
正式(临时)职员
permanent address 固定地址
permanent tth 恒齿
permanent assets 固定资产
a permanent jb 固定工作
a permanent ffice 常驻办事处
8. abard adv. 在(船、飞机、车)上,上(船、飞机、车); prep.在(船、飞机、车)上
【地道表达】
take these gds abard
带这些货物上车
g abard the ship上船
the peple abard the plane
乘坐飞机的人
All abard!
请大家上车(或船等)!
Welcme abard! 欢迎乘坐!
9. marble [U] 大理石;大理石制品 [C] 玻璃球
【地道表达】
f marble大理石的
made f marble大理石做/制的
marble-hearted 无情的
as cld as marble 冷如冰
a marble statue 大理石雕像
lse ne’s marbles 失去理智
10. labr [U] 劳动;劳力;努力;vi. 努力;苦干
【地道表达】
eight-hur labr 八小时工作
hard labr 辛苦劳动
manual labr 体力劳动
labr cst 劳动成本
labr camp 劳改
cheap labr 廉价劳动力
Internatinal Labr Day 国际劳动节
Labr Party 工党
labr fr a better future
为更加美好的未来而努力
labr t d 努力去做
labr the pint 细说;罗嗦地说
labr under sth. 为……所蒙蔽
11. hesitate vi. 踌躇;迟疑;犹豫
【地道表达】
hesitate t d sth. 犹豫做……
hesitate abut / ver / at (ding )sth.
对……犹豫
He wh hesitates is lst.
当断不断,必受其患。
In case yu need smething, please dn’t hesitate t ask me.
如果你需要什么东西,请尽管对我说。
She is still hesitating abut sending her sn t cllege.
她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。
She hesitated ver the chice between the tw bluses fr her daughter.
她拿不定主意应该挑这两件短衫中的哪一件给她女儿。
12. curtain n. 窗帘;门帘;(舞台上的)幕
【地道表达】
curtain call 谢幕
behind the curtain 在幕后 / 秘密
drp the curtain 闭幕/演出终止
(it’ll) be curtains fr sb. / sth. 完蛋
bring dwn the curtain n sth.
结束;标志……的终结
The curtain falls. 闭幕。
The curtain rises. 幕启
词汇串串连 (3)
slar adj. 太阳的;日光的 (lunar 月亮的)
【触类旁通】
a slar spt 太阳黑子
slar battery 太阳能电池
slar energy 太阳能
slar eclipse 日食
lunar eclipse 月食
the slar calendar 阳历
the lunar calendar 阴历
the slar year 阳历年
the lunar year 阴历年
2.mankind [U] 人类(总称,不可数)
【触类旁通】
man 人类(总称,不可数)
a human being(human beings)
人类(可数)
peple 人们(集合名词)
3.daily adj. 每日的 adv. 每天 [C] 日报
【触类旁通】
weekly
adj. 每周的 adv. 每周 [C] 周报、周刊
mnthly
adj. 每月的 adv. 每月 [C] 月刊
4. achieve vt. 实现;完成
【地道表达】
achieve gals 实现目标
achieve ne’s purpse 达到目的
achieve success 获得成功
achieve victry 取得胜利
achieve mdernizatin 实现现代化
academic achievements
学业成绩;学术成就
5. technlgical adj. 技术(学)的;工艺(学)的
【触类旁通】
technlgy n. 科学技术,工业技术
technical adj. 技术的,技术上的
technically adv. 专门地;技术上地
technician [C] 专家;技术人员
technique [U] 技巧,技艺
technlgist [C] 科学技术人员
6. master [C] 硕士;(男)主人;能手
Master f Arts / Sciences
文学(理学)硕士
bey ne’s master听主人的话
【触类旁通】
masterful adj. 专横的,控制别人的
masterfully adv. 专横地
masterly adj. 熟练的;名家的
mastermind [C] 有大才智的人
masterhand n. 能手;高超的技艺
masterpiece [C] 名作;杰出的事
mastership [U] 控制,支配
7. rely vi. 依赖;依靠;指望
【触类旁通】
reliable adj.可靠的
reliably adv. 可靠地
reliability [U] 可靠性
【地道表达】
rely n / upn sth. / sb.
信赖某人或某事
Yu may nt rely n the weather reprt.
天气预报不足为信。
Yu can rely n him.你可以信任他。
rely n sb. ding / t d
指望或依赖某人做某事
I rely n her t pay back the mney
(= I rely n her paying back the mney).
我相信她会还钱。
rely n it that ... 放心……
Yu may rely n it that he will cme t meet yu.
你放心好了,他会来接你的。
8. element [C] 元素;要素;组成部分
【地道表达】
the peridic table f the elements
元素周期表
chief elements f success
成功的主要要素
ut f ne’s element
如鱼离水,不得其所
in ne’s element
在如意的环境中,如鱼得水
【触类旁通】
elementary adj. 基础的,初级的
elementary schl
小学(= primary schl)
9. ecnmic adj. 经济上的;有利可图的
【触类旁通】
ecnmy n. 经济
ecnmics n. 经济学
ecnmist adj. 经济学家
ecnmical adj. 省钱的,经济的,节约的
【地道表达】
The gvernment began t intrduce its ecnmic plicy.
政府开始推行它的经济政策。
He left schl fr ecnmic reasn.
他因经济问题而辍学。
She is ecnmical with her use f salt when cking.
做饭时她用盐很节省
10. base [C]基础,底座,基地,根据地vt. 把……建立在,以……为基础adj.卑鄙的,恶劣的
【触类旁通】
basis n. (理论,信念的)依据或基础
bases base与basis的复数
basic adj. 基本的
basics n. 基本原理
baseless adj. 毫无根据的
basically adv. 基本上(说来),从根本上
词以“群”分 (1)
“用法”各异
used t; be used t; get used t
1. Cmputers ______ d many things fr peple nw.
2. She ______ wrk in a small factry befre she came here.
3. The bss is glad that the new wrkers ______ hard wrk nw.
4. He asked if I ______ driving n the left while I was traveling in England.
5. They ______ play glf, didn’t they?
Key: 1. are used t 2. used t 3. are / get used t
4. was / gt used t 5. used t
解析:
used t意为“过去常常”,后接动词原形;常用来表示今昔对比,暗含不那样做了(如2和5)。
be used t接动词原形, 表示“被用来做某事”(如1);而be / get used t后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示“习惯于;适应”(如3和4)。
“能力”有别
ability; capacity; ptential
1. The health center serves all patients, regardless f their ______ t pay.
2. One f their children has the ______ t be a brilliant scientist.
3. The children were brn withut the ______ t walk.
4. Children have a remarkable ______ t learn language.
5. The cmpany has the ______ t build 1,500 trucks a year.
6. My sn has acting ______, but he needs a lt f training.
7. The hall has a seating ______ f 2, 000 persns.
Key: 1. ability 2. ptential 3. ability
4. capacity / ability 5. capacity 6. ptential 7. capacity
解析:
ability既指天赋的“能力”(如3),也指培养造就而获得的“本领;才能”或已经表现出来的实际“能力”(如1和4)。
capacity 用于物时,指“(容纳接受的)能力”(如7);生产能力(如5),有时可翻译为“容量;容积”;用于人时,一般不指体力,多指才智、道德等方面,尤其指接受能力等(如4)。
ptential表示“潜在的能力;可能性”(如2和6)。
词以“群”分 (2)
refuse; reject
1. Judge Giffrd ______ the defense’s request.
2. All apples with sft spts ______, even in the Christmas Rush.
3. The hrse ______ the apple.
4. Gibsn ______ the idea as “absurd”.
5. Hw can he ______ t bey the rder as a sldier?
6. Tm ______ by the army because f his bad eyesight.
7. Under the law, dctrs cannt ______ patients access t their wn medical recrds.
8. My brther asked her t marry him, but she ______.
Key:
1. rejected / refused 2. were rejected
3. refused / rejected 4. rejected 5. refuse
6. was rejected 7. refuse 8. refuse
解析:
两者都作“拒绝”讲,指不去做别人要求你做的事或不接受别人提供的某物(如1和3)。但refuse更常接表示“邀请、许可”等意义的词;且既可作不及物动词(如8),也可作及物动词,并可接双宾语(如7)或接t d sth.(如5);而reject常作及物动词,并且态度上更坚定、更具权威性、更正式(如1);
更常接表示“建议、提议、报价、理论”等意义的词(如4);还可表示“(在就业、入学等方面)拒绝、不选中(某人)”(如6)或“因无用或不好而丢弃(产品)”(如2)。
allw; allw fr
1. We d nt ______ eating in the classrm.
2. It will take yu half an hur t get t the statin, ______ traffic delays.
3. Passengers ______ ne item f hand luggage each.
4. ______ this train being late, we shuld be back by 10:30.
5. Smetimes a lphle (漏洞) in the law ______ smene t escape being punished.
6. Our new system will ______ mre efficient use f resurces.
7. Even if they are in prisn, they ______ ut n Sundays, r hlidays such as Christmas, Easter.
Key:
1. allw 2. allwing fr
3. are allwed 4. Allwing fr
5. allws 6. allw fr
7. are allwed
解析:
allw意为“允许;准许;准……进入”,常后接名词或动词-ing形式(如1),也可接双宾语(如3)或带不定式或副词短语的复合宾语(如5和7);allw fr意为“考虑到;顾及;为……留出余地”,介词fr后接名词(如2和6)或带动词-ing形式的复合宾语(如4)。
词以“群”分 (3)
“销售”的策略
n sale; fr sale
1. The latest mdel f this vide recrder is nw ______ in that shp.
2. — Hw much is that picture?
— It’s nly n display. It’s nt ______.
3. This kind f car wn’t g ______ until next year.
4. The Brwns are leaving the twn, s their huse is ______.
5. — Thirty dllars? Is it ______?
— Yes. It is usually frty-five dllars.
Key: 1. n sale 2. fr sale 3. n sale 4. fr sale 5. n sale
解析:
n sale意为“(尤其指在商店里有货)出售、上市”,指货物的上市情况(如1和3);在美国英语中,表示“减价出售”(如5)。fr sale意为“待售;要出售(尤其指私人物主或代理人出售物品)”(如2和4)。
怎样“轮流”
by turns; in turn
1. She went ht and cld ______.
2. The President spke t each f us at the table ______.
3. Wrking utside can mean t much sun expsure, which ______ can lead t skin cancer.
4. She had been ______ cnfused, angry, and finally jealus.
Key: 1. by turns 2. in turn 3. in turn 4. by turns
解析:
by turns意为“交替地;轮流地”,强调某一个时期内反复发生或从一种品质、情感等转向另一种(如1和4)。in turn意为“轮流地;依次;逐个地;一个接一个地;接连地”,强调按一定顺序进行(如2);也可作“转而;反过来”解,强调某种结果(如3)。
何以为“生”
live by; live n
1. The ld man ______ cllecting waste paper and selling it abrad.
2. Our family ______ the earnings f my elder brther.
3. He used t ______ cheating thers.
4. Sme f them ______ the Suth Sea.
5. In the suth, peple ______ rice in the past.
Key: 1. lives by 2. live n 3. live by 4. live by
5. lived n
解析:
live by表示“靠……过活;靠做……为生”, 后多接动词-ing形式。by表示方式(如1和3);也可表示“住在……旁边”(如4)。live n表示“靠……生活;以……为食”,一般后接食物、劳动所得到的东西、工资等名词(如2和5)。
词以“群”分 (4)
与时俱进看“速度”
rate; pace; speed
1. Yu are thinking much t fast fr me; I can’t keep ______ with yu.
2. The train was ging at a ______ f 80 kph.
3. Australia’s unemplyment ______ rse t 6.5% in February.
4. Here in Bermuda, the ______ f life is very slw.
5. The rm ______ at this mtel range frm $30 t $50 per day.
6. The cmpany prduces the first-______ sprtscar.
Key: 1. pace 2. speed / rate 3. rate 4. pace 5. rates 6. rate
解析:
speed 多指持续运动时的速度(多是用时间除距离求得),尤指车辆、机械等的运动速度(如2)。
rate 除可表示速度外(如2),还可表示成本、价格(如5);或“……的比率”(如3);有时表示等级类别(如6)。
pace 多指“人或马匹的步速,(跑步的)速度;(事情发生的)节奏”(如4);也可用于比喻中(如1)。
各有“看”点
lk int; lk n; lk at
The plice are ______ the disappearance f tw children at the mment.
2. Only ne man tried t help us, and the rest just ______ in silence.
3. This subject ______ the man-made living envirnment and its influence.
4. Hicks finished a beer and ______ his glass.
5. The research ______ hw immune cells get int the brain frm bld.
6. The manager prmised ______ my cmplaint.
Key: 1. lking int 2. lked n 3. lks at 4. lked int 5. lks at 6. t lk int
解析:
lk int 意为“调查;观察”,其目的是弄清真相,以便解决问题或能加以改善(如1和6);也表示“朝……的里面看”(如4)。
lk n 意为“(袖手)旁观”,不参与也不阻止(如2)。
lk at可意为“观察;关注”,其目的是找出规律,主语可是某学科、研究等(如3和5)。
讲“道”理
avenue; street; rad; way; path
avenue指令人愉快,美观气派的通往大住宅的大道,一般两旁绿树成荫。例如:
That is Madisn Avenue.
那就是麦迪逊大道。
street指位于城镇或都市内,两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道。例如:
Dn’t play in the street.别在马路上玩耍。
rad意为“路;道路”,指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道,常指“公路;马路”等,两侧一般没有建筑物。例如:
The car is running alng the rad.
汽车沿着这条路行驶。
way意为“路线;道路”,指street,rad或任何可以通行的路,含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如:
Hw can I get there? I dn’t knw the way. 我怎样能到达那里?我不认识路。
I asked the way t the statin.
我打听去车站的路。
path通常指“小路;小径”,只供人行走的路,可以是人们踩踏而成的路,如山中、林间的羊肠小道;也可以指公园、田间的小路,还可以指物体运动经过的轨迹等。例如:
They walked alng the path acrss the field. 他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。
学以致用:
1. A wide rad lined with trees is usually called a(n) ______.
2. Be careful when yu crss the ______.
3. There was a narrw ______ thrugh the frest.
4. All ______ lead t Rme.
5. ______ frm Beijing t Lndn!
A. Hw lng way it is
B. What a lng way is it
C. Hw lng way is it
D. What a lng way it is
Key: 1. avenue 2. street / rad 3. path 4. rads 5. D
自如的“伸展”
stretch; extend; expand; spread
stretch表示“伸(手);撑”,由曲而直或由短而长地伸展。例如:
I stretched ut my hand twards the bk. 我把手伸向这本书。
extend原意为直线地“伸展”,引申为“扩展(势力,范围)”等。例如:
The railway will be extended next year.
明年将要延长这条铁路。
expand表示“扩大;扩张”,指面积或体积的扩张。例如:
Metals expand when heated.
金属遇热膨胀。
spread表示“铺开;展开;伸展;延伸”等。例如:
she spread the clthes t dry.
她把衣服展开晾干。
学以致用:
1. The rad ______ fr miles and miles.
2. Our land ______ as far as the river.
3. He ______ ut his hand in a friendly manner.
4. The city has ______ t three times its riginal size.
5. He ______ a blanket n the bed.
Key: 1. extends 2. extends 3. stretched 4. expanded 5. spread
怎样才“合适”?
fit; fit in
1. The by is grwing s fast that his clthes dn’t ______ him.
2. Can yu ______ anther persn in the back seat?
3. I culdn’t find a key which ______ the lck and culdn’t pen the dr.
4. I need t _____ a lck n the bathrm dr.
5. I wasn’t sure if she wuld ______ with my friends.
6. We must try and ______ a visit t Westminster Abbey while we’re in Lndn.
Key: 1. fit 2. fit in 3. fitted 4. fit 5. fit in 6. fit in
解析:
fit 常指“(衣服/鞋帽等)合身/脚”(如1)或“(物体)合槽;吻合”(如3);也可表示“安装”(如4,可根据实际情况接n, with等构成介词短语)。
fit in表示“尽量地安排时间见某人或做某事”(如6);也可表示“(设法)插人;挤进”(如2);还可接with sb.表示“与某人和睦相处”(如5)。
词以“群”分 (5)
分” 而论之
separate; divide
1. The lighthuse ______ frm the land by a wide channel.
2. The mney will ______ equally amng the club members.
3. ______ this line int 20 equal parts.
4. After this they g their ______ ways.
5. Sarah and Jhn ______ a year after they gt married.
6. — What’s six ______ by three?
— Tw, f curse.
7. She find it difficult t ______ the truth frm lies.
Key: 1. is separated 2. be divided 3. Divide
4. separate 5. separated 6. divided 7. separate
解析:
separate多指把原来连在一起的或靠近的事物“分隔;隔开”(如1);也表示“把……区分开”(如7);还可指“分手;分散;分离”(如5)。另外,separate还可用作形容词,表示“分离的;分开的;单独的;各自的”(如4)。
divide指把整体“划分”成若干份,常接int (如3);也可表示“分配;分享”,可接amng, between, with等(如2);还表示“(数学)除”,常接by (如6)。
自己的”选择
fr neself; by neself; f neself
1. Yu shuld think ______ instead f just beying thers.
2. The bx is t heavy fr me t lift ______.
3. The dr pened ______. Yu needn’t push r pull it.
4. One shuld nt live nly ______.
5. All her relatives have died ff. Nw she lives ______ in the cuntryside.
6. He culd nt believe his ears. He pened the windw t see ______.
Key: 1. fr yurself 2. by myself 3. f itself
4. fr neself 5. by herself 6. fr himself
解析:
fr neself 意为“独立地”,常与think连用表示“独立思考,自行决定”(如1);也可表示“亲自地”(如6);还可表示“为自己(本人好处)”(如4)。
by neself意为“单独地;独自地”,强调无他人陪伴(如5)或无帮助(如2)。
f neself 意为“自动地”(如3)。
词以“群”分(6)
掌握”r“领会”?
master; grasp
1. I never quite ______ the art f walking in high heels.
2. I ______ his arm firmly and led him away.
3. He had learned t ______ his fear f heights.
4. A shrt pening paragraph enables the reader t quickly ______ what the article is abut.
5. She is ready t ______ any pprtunity t expand the business.
Key:
1. mastered 2. grasped 3. master 4. grasp 5. grasp
解析:
grasp可表示“抓牢;抓紧”(如2);也可表示“理解;领会;明白(尤其有些复杂的事情的实质)”(如4);还可表示“抓住(机会、机遇等)”(如5)。 master用作动词,意为“精通;掌握”,多指在学习后没有困难地运用某技术、技巧、语言等(如1);也可表示“克制、控制住(情感、情绪)”(如3)。
“可能的”选择
likely; pssible
1. It is ______ that the girl knew her killer.
2. The price f petrl is ______ t rise again this year.
3. Cmputer technlgy makes it ______ fr many peple t wrk at hme.
4. I need the mney as sn as ______.
Key: 1. likely / pssible 2. likely 3. pssible 4. pssible
解析:
两者都作前置定语或常用于“It is likely / pssible that ...”结构中(如1,只是 likely的可能性更大些)。
likely更常用sb. / sth. be likely t d (如2);
pssible更常用“it is pssible fr sb. t d sth. 结构”(如3,为变形式,it作形式宾语)或as ... as后(如4)。
词以“群”分(7)
“自”“私”的真面目
private; persnal
1. ______ hspitals can affrd t pay much higher salaries than state-run hspitals.
2. Dn’t tell anyne else what I tld yu. It’s ______.
3. He enjys everything he des in bth his prfessinal and his ______ life.
4. My ______ view is that we shuldn’t ffer him the jb.
Key:
1. Private 2. private 3. private / persnal 4. persnal
解析:
private意为“私立的;私有的”,位于名词前,指与政府无关的或非国营的(如1);也表示“秘密的;非公开的;私下的”(如2);两者都可表示“个人的;私人的”(如3), 有时persnal更强调某个人而非他人的(如4),且多位于名词前。
“目标”要明确
aim ... at; aim at; sht at
1. He ______ the gun ______ the dr.
2. This anti-smking campaign ______ mainly ______ yung teenagers.
3. The hunter ______ the lin and fired.
4. We are ______ dubling ur prductin.
5. Tw guys walked in and started ______ peple. Luckily nly ne was slightly wunded.
Key: 1. aimed; at 2. is; aimed at 3. aimed at
4. aiming at / shting at 5. shting at
解析:
aim ... at表示“把……瞄准”(如1),并常用于被动结构或过去分词短语,表示“致力于;将……针对”(如2)。aim at表示“瞄准;对准”(如3)或“力求做到”(如4)。sht at 表示“向……射击;开火”(如5);有时也可表示“力争达到(目的)”(如4)。
推进“frward”
put frward; put ... frward; carry ... frward
1. They ______ a number f suggestins at the meeting.
2. Her name ______ fr the lead rle in the play.
3. It will be up t the new team nw t ______ the wrk ______.
4. The warm weather ______ the harvest ______ this year.
Key: 1. put frward 2. is / was put frward
3. carry; frward 4. has put; frward
解析:
put frward表示“提议;提出(供考虑)”(如1和2)。
put ... frward表示“把……提前”(如4)。
carry ... frward 表示“继承下去”(如3)。
词以“群”分(8)
狠抓“基础”
base; basis; fundatin
1. The ______ f the thumb is where it jins the hand.
2. He has his cmmercial ______ in Manchester.
3. The farmers frm the ______ f a natin.
4. The Army will have their military ______ built here.
5. The ______ f his argument was nnsense.
6. It tk the builders three weeks t lay the ______.
Key: 1. base 2. base 3. basis / base / fundatin
4. fundatin 5. basis 6. fundatin / basis
解析:
base 一般指具体有形的事物的“基座;底部”(如1),也可指事物发展的“起点;中心;基地”(如2和3)。
basis 多用于抽象事物或比喻中,意为“基础;依据;根据”(如5);三者都可作“基础”解(如3),但fundatin 更强调牢固稳定(如4);且也可指具体的“房基、坝基等”(如6)。
“标”新立异
mark; sign; signal; symbl
1. Well, there is n ______ f rain at all. It is ging t be
anther sunny day.
2. Blue is ften the ______ f peace.
3. While reading, make a ______ where yu have any difficulty.
4. The flashing light was a ______ that a train was cming.
5. A cmmn traffic ______ reads “dangerus crner”.
6. Did the pliceman gave us the ______ t g ahead?
7."+" is the ______ fr additin.
Key: 1. sign 2. symbl 3. mark 4. signal 5. sign
6. sign / signal 7. sign / symbl
解析:
sign作为名词意为“符号,标记,迹象,征兆,标志,标牌,手势”等(如1,5,6和7);作为动词意为“签字;作手势”。
signal 作为名词意为“信号,手势,提示”(如4和6);作为动词意为 “给信号,打手势”。
symbl意为“符号;象征”(如2和7)。
mark常用为“记号,印记,分数”等意(如3)。
词以“群”分(9)
形相似 意不同
I. bard; abard; n bard ; verbard; abrad; brad
1. Passengers were standing n the dck, waiting t ______.
2. There are 12 children ______ the ship.
3. Olympic Airways Flight 172 t Istanbul is nw ______ at Gate N. 37.
4. They finally went ______ the plane.
5. The rm is three meters lng and tw meters ______.
6. The plane crashed, killing all 200 peple ______.
7. One f the passengers fell ______ and drwned.
8. He was famus, bth at hme and ______.
9. Then we heard the ludspeaker annuncing, “All _______, please!”
10. She’s gne ______ abut her new byfriend.
11. The news spread ______ that a new factry was ging t be built in the cunty.
Key: 1. bard 2. n bard / abard 3. barding
4. abard / n bard 5. brad 6. abard / n bard
7. verbard 8. abrad 9. abard 10. verbard 11. abrad
解析:
bard为动词,意为“上(船、车、飞机等)”(如1); 其主语也可为飞机、船等,作不及物动词,常用进行时,表示“(飞机、船等)在上人”(如3)。n bard 为“介词+名词”短语,表示“在船(飞机、车)上;上船(飞机、车)”(如2、4和6)。abard 相当于n bard,既可用作介词(如2和4)也可作副词(如6);还常作机场、码头等的用语(如9及Welcme abard!)。abrad 为副词, 意为“在国外;到国外”(如8);也可表示 “传开;散开”(如11)。brad 多为形容词,意为“宽的”(如5)。verbard为副词,意为“在船外;自船上落下”(如7);g verbard fr / abut表示“沉迷于/狂热地追求”(如10)。
II. wnder abut; wander abut; wnder at
1. What they said sunded s gd. I really ______ their hnesty as well as their real aims.
2. Her husband lst his jb three weeks ag, and he ______ ever since, which really wrries her.
3. The cuntry by ______ all the high buildings in the city.
Key: 1. wnder abut 2. has wandered ( has been wandering) abut 3. wndered at
解析:
wnder abut表示“对……感到疑惑”,后接代词或名词性短语(如1)。wnder at 表示“对……感到惊奇”,后接代词或名词性短语(如3)。wander abut 意为“(四处)漫游、闲逛;流浪;徘徊”(如2)。
统领set短语
set ut; set abut;set ff; set up
1. They’ve ______ n a jurney and wn’t be back until next weekend.
2. Liu Xiang is wrking hard t ______ a new recrd in the 110 meters hurdles.
3. Withut any experience, she had n idea hw t ______ this jb.
4. The gvernment has decided t ______ a memrial in hnr f the her.
5. The yung wrker fund a lt f shrtcmings in himself and he ______ getting rid f them.
6. When everything is ready, the dctr ______ t perfrm the peratin.
Key: 1. set ut / ff 2. set up 3. set abut
4. set up 5. set abut 6. set ut
解析:
set ut和 set abut两者都可作“开始”解,set abut常后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式(如3和5);set ut为不及物动词,常接不定式(如6),或单独使用,作 “出发;动身”解,相当于set ff(如1)。set up有“建立(如4);创记录(如2)”等意思。
词以“群”分(9)
快刀“斩”乱麻
cut up; cut dwn; cut in; cut ut; cut ff
1. He ______ the tree utside the windw with an axe t let mre light in.
2. She ______ the vegetables int small pieces befre she gives them t the yung geese.
3. We can’t ______ ur expenses any mre.
4. Srry fr ______, but I have sme news fr yu.
5. It’s been raining these days and the flds have ______ the traffic.
6. Pictures frm these magazines can be ______ , and used as teaching aids.
Key: 1. cut dwn 2. cuts up 3. cut dwn 4. cutting in
5. cut ff 6. cut ut
解析:
cut up 意为“切碎”(如2和6)。cut dwn 意为“砍倒;砍伐”(如1)或“减少……的量”(如3)。cut in意为“中断,打断”(如4)。cut ff意为“切断”(如5)。cut ut意为“剪下来”(如6)。
“旅途”一路顺风
trip; jurney; tur; vyage;travel
1. It was a lng ______ t St. Petersbury.
2. We went n a bus ______ last weekend and had a bad time.
3. We will have a cmfrtable ______ t the Far East thrugh air.
4. Our American friends made a ______ f Shanghai and visited many places f interest there.
5. With the finest ship and fine weather, they had a wnderful time in the greater part f the ______.
6. Rail ______ in Britain seems t be getting mre and mre unreliable.
Key: 1. jurney / trip 2. trip 3. vyage
4. tur 5. vyage 6. travel
解析:
jurney一般指时间和距离都较长的陆路旅行,不含有回到原出发地的意思(如1)。trip常指短距离的旅行,常回到原出发地,不强调旅行的方式或目的(如2),在美国英语中有时也可代替jurney表示长途旅行(如1)。tur指“周游;巡回旅游”,常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地,常跟介词f +目的地(如4)。travel一般指“旅行”活动的概念、形式或方式(如6),一般为不可数名词。vyage指不论路程长短的水上或空中的“游历;旅行”(如3和5)。
词以“群”分(10)
独”“特”的视角
unique; special
1. Tday is a very ______ day fr us — it was n this day 50 years ag that we first met.
2. Each persn’s fingerprints are ______.
3. United Airlines is ffering a ______ deal n flights t Lndn.
4. It was a ______ achievement — nne has ever wn the champinship five times befre.
5. The jurney prvides a ______ pprtunity t study these rare creatures.
Key: 1. special 2. unique 3. special 4. unique 5. unique / special
解析:
unique意为“独特的;唯一的;独一无二的”,即一类中没有同样的(如2);也可表示“非常好的;难得的”(如4和5)。
special 意为“特别的;不同寻常的;专门的”,指因更好或更重要而不同于其他的(如1和5)或专为某个目的而设立的(如3)。
同中有异
thus; s
1. They tld her t water the flwers every mrning, and she did it ______.
2. He didn’t wrk hard. ______ he was fired.
3. The Altru Hspital Auxiliary has made the largest cntributin ______ far.
4. The machine wrks twice faster, ______ greatly reducing the cst.
5. He lwered his vice ______ his parents wuld nt hear him.
Key: 1. thus 2. Thus 3. s / thus 4. thus 5. s
解析:
thus和s有如下共同含义:1. 因此;从而 2. “如此;这样”或“到如此程度”(如1和3)。一般来说,thus较正式,s更口语化。
thus的特殊之处在于常另起一句(如2)或引起v-ing短语作结果状语以示强调(如4)。
s可引导目的状语从句(如5),为s that的省略形式。
call短语精义探微
call in; call n; call up
1. The by is badly hurt. Please ______ a dctr at nce.
2. Many f the yung peple ______ and died in that battle
3. A Japanese car maker ______ sme cars with engine faults s far.
4. I ______ the best man t say smething at the wedding.
5. The sng ______ memries f my childhd. 6. We ______ ur parents wh live in the cuntryside last weekend.
Key: 1. call in 2. were called up 3. has called in 4. called n 5. calls / called up 6. called n
解析:
call in 表示“请来(主要目的是来帮助)”(如1),也作“收回(在流通、使用中的)”讲(如3)。
call n表示“拜访(某人)”(如6),call n sb. t d sth.则表示“要求/号召某人做某事”(如4)。
call up表示“使想起(往事)”(如5),还可表示“征召入役”(如2)。
词以“群”分(11)
特别的“特性”
prperty; characteristic; feature
1. Bitterness is a ______ f tea.
2. This little twn has all the ______ f a typical seaside resrt.
3. Sap has the ______ f remving dirt
4. An aquiline(象鹰的)nse is his best ______.
5. A useful ______ f the cat is its ability t see in the dark.
6. What are the main ______ f Nrth Africa accrding t this map?
Key: 1. prperty 2. characteristics 3. prperty 4. feature 5. characteristic 6. features
解析:
prperty意为“性质;性能”,指同一类型事物所共有的特点,具有典型的意义。一般不用于人,多用来指某物质的特性,也用于指事物的功能(如1和3)。
characteristic意为“特性;特征”,是对事物客观的记载,不予褒贬。所指特点既可是同类事物中具有典型意义的(如2和5),也可是完全属于个体或个人的,并常指外表的明显的独特性。
feature意为“特点;特色”,指某人、某物突出、引人注目的特点,常用来说明人的容貌特征(如4)或地貌、地理特征(如6)。
“给出”的区别
give ff; give ut; give away
1. The eggs were ______ a bad smell. Nbdy wanted t eat them.
2. The radi is ______ a strange sund.
3. She ______ all her mney t the pr.
4. The engine always ______ a lt f heat.
5. The mnitr ften helps the teacher ______ the exam papers. 6. She made me prmise nt t ______ the secret.
7. They ______ n the radi that the president had died.
Key: 1. giving ff / giving ut 2. giving ut 3. gave away
4. gives ff / gives ut 5. give ut 6. give away
7. gave ut
解析:
give ff 多表示“发出(气味、热、光等 )”(如1和4)。
give ut 除具有上述含义外, 也可表示“发出(声音)”(如2);“分发”(如5); 还可表示“宣布”(如7)。
give away表示“分送;捐赠”(如3),也可作“泄露(秘密等)”讲 (如6)。
学好“物”理
substance; matter; material
1. Ice and water are the same ______ in different frms.
2. Can yu explain the relatin between ______ and spirit?
3. Cal is a black ______.
4. ______ and energy are interchangeable.
5. The ______ f the plan is gd.
6. Rubber is a widely-used ______.
Key: 1. substance 2. matter / material 3. substance 4. Matter 5. substance 6. material
解析:
substance 意为“物质;物品;实质”,多用作可数名词,强调构成任何一个具体事物(即可触及、可看见的事物)的本质与核心的东西(如1和3);用于抽象事物时,则指其主旨内容(如5)。
matter 意为“物质”,指与精神相对立而存在着的物质(如2和4),是一个总体的概念,为不可数名词。
material 意为“材料;原料;物质”,主要指构成其他物品的材料,强调其使用价值(如6)。
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