2025年高考英语精品教案选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

这是一份2025年高考英语精品教案选择性必修第一册 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT，共21页。

基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. vital adj.必不可少的；充满生机的
2. bil vt.& vi. （使）沸腾；烧开；煮开 n.沸腾；沸点
3. btain vt.（尤指经努力）获得 vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行
4. defeat n.失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
5. mstly adv.主要地；一般地
6. circumstance n.条件；环境；状况
7. fund vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
8. thery n.理论；学说
9. extrardinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
10. encunter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n.邂逅；遭遇
11. prfessr n.教授
12. remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
13. sum vi.总结；概括 n.金额；款项；总数；总和
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 → crucially adv.关键地；至关重要地
2. cmmit vt.承诺；保证 vi.全心全意投入（工作、活动等） → cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 → cmmitment n.承诺；保证；投入
3. academy n.研究院；学会；专科院校 → academic adj.学业的；学术的
4.evaluate vt.评价；评估 → evaluatin n.评估；评价
5.distinct adj.清晰的；有区别的 → distinctin n.区别；特点
6. acknwledge vt.承认；（公开）感谢 → acknwledgement n.承认；感谢
7. analyse vt.分析 → analysis n.分析；分析结果
8. apparent adj.明显的；显而易见的 → apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
9. science n.科学 → scientific adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的 → scientist n.科学家
10. cnclude vt.推断出 vt.& vi.结束；终止 → cnclusin n.结论；推论
11. nvel n.（长篇）小说 → nvelist n.小说家
12. relative adj.相对的 n.亲属 → relatively adv.相对地 → relativity n.相对论；相对性
13. gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 → gently adv.轻柔地；温柔地
14. gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的 → gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
15. cnsequence n.结果；后果 → cnsequent adj.随之发生的 → cnsequently adv.因此，所以
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.physilgy n. 生理学；生理机能
2.bjective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的
3.btanical adj. 植物学的
4.prperty n. 性质；特性；财产
5.liquid n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的
6.infer vt. 推断；推定
7.plitician n. 从政者；政治家；政客
8.numerus adj. 众多的；许多的
9.genius n. 天才；天资；天赋
10.patent n. 专利；专利证书 adj. 受专利保护的；有专利的
11.passin n. 酷爱；激情
12.institutin n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
13.institute n. 机构；机构建筑
14.device n. 方法；装置；仪器
15.draft n. 草稿；草案 vt. 起草；草拟
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. cmmit neself t （ding） sth. 承诺；保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）
2. insist n 坚决要求
3. cme t pwer （开始）掌权；上台
4. take up a psitin 担任；任职
5. sum up 总结；概括
6.flw chart 流程图
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.Artemisinin has saved hundreds f thusands f lives， and has led t imprved health fr millins f peple. （过去分词作前置定语）
青蒿素拯救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。
2. Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize ， she said， "The hnur is nt just mine. There is a team behind me， and all the peple f my cuntry..." （upn＋ding/n.）
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说："这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后有一个团队以及全国人民……"
3.He made numerus cntributins t the wrld， the mst well-knwn being the general thery f relativity and the famus frmula E＝mc2. （独立主格结构）
他对世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
4. It is indeed an hnur fr China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld. （it作形式主语）
中国的科学研究和中医药能够在全世界传播确实是一种荣誉。
5. While wrking there ， ut f a strng passin fr knwledge， he cntinued t study， earning a dctrate in physics in 1905.（while ding...）
在那里工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Remember that gals are flexible. They can change accrding t circumstances （状况）.
2. Funded （创建） in 1996， Museum f Latin American Art is the nly art museum in the United States devted t mdern and cntemprary Latin Americanart.
3.This ppular psychlgy curse highlights the different theries （理论） f creativity.
4.It means we have the chance t btain （获得） infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.
5. Prfessrs （教授）， fr the mst part， are firmly cmmitted t teaching， nt research.
6.The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp displayed the wisdm f ancient Chinese craftsmen， as well as China’s remarkable achievements in science and technlgy 2，000 years ag.
7.Understanding histry is vital t understanding urselves as a peple and as a natin.
8.I was excited because I knew we were ging t win， but t my disappintment we were defeated .
9.The rar f applause frm the audience indicated that the perfrmance was extrardinary .
10.We encuntered every kind f difficulty when we first devted urselves t scientific research.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.My mther is a gentle wman. Every time I am dwn， she pats my back gently ， cmfrting me. （gentle）
2.Zhang Guimei， a cmmitted educatr， cmmits herself t educatin. Her cmmitment is praised by peple. （cmmit）
3.Lsing weight is a slw and gradual prcess. Keep exercising and yu will gradually achieve yur bjective. （gradual）
4.The magazine acknwledged Jseph as the best writer f the year and he was awarded a big prize in acknwledgement f his cntributin. （acknwledge）
5.As a child， he shwed great interest in science and wanted t be a scientist . Nw his dream has cme true and he has made great achievements in scientific research. （science）
6.They cncluded frm the data that the new virus was mre dangerus. Scientists frm ther cuntries als agreed with this cnclusin . （cnclude）
7.As a cnsequence f glbal warming， the sea level is rising and many species are dying ut. T prevent the cnsequent damage t the earth， peple shuld take actin quickly. （cnsequence）
8.I’m reading the nvel Brthers these days， written by the famus nvelist ， Yu Hua. （nvel）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
cmmit neself tinsist nsum up
take up a psitincme t pwer
1. T sum up ， n matter what kind f challenges I encunter， I will bravely embrace the future.
2.Since he came t pwer in 2000， links between the tw cuntries have been tightened.
3.We insisted n a refund f the full amunt fr the breakdwn f the machine， but the seller refused.
4.Pearl S. Buck cmmitted herself t bringing Chinese culture t the Western wrld and was hnured as the human bridge that cnnects the Chinese and Western cultures.
5.He left his career in teaching and tk up a psitin in the lcal gvernment.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.路被一棵倒下的树堵住了，所以我们只好折回。 （过去分词作前置定语）
The rad was blcked by a fallen tree ， s we had t turn back.
2.一听说要举办一场国画展览，我很高兴。（upn＋ding/n.）
Upn hearing that a traditinal Chinese painting exhibitin will be held ， I am very glad.
3.很荣幸能代表我们班在会上发言。（it作形式主语）
It is an hnr t speak at the meeting n behalf f ur class.
4.如果时间允许，我将带你去另一个旅游景点逛逛。（独立主格结构）
I will shw yu arund anther turist attractin， time permitting .
5.在读大学期间，他在学校图书馆做兼职。（while ding...）
While studying in university ， he did part-time wrk in the schl library.
Yuan Lngping is widely acknwledged as China’s "father f hybrid rice".
Upn graduatin， Yuan tk up a psitin as a teacher in a cllege. He insisted n studying agriculture while teaching.
In 1960， Prfessr Yuan unexpectedly fund an "utstanding" rice plant with excellent prperties. He carefully analysed it and came t the cnclusin that this extrardinary rice was a natural hybrid rice. This crucial finding fueled his enthusiasm fr the study f hybrid rice. Despite encuntering numerus difficulties， he cntinued his scientific research under hard circumstances with great passin. As a cnsequence， Yuan and his team btained remarkable success， significantly imprving China’s rice utput. T sum up， Yuan cmmitted all his life t defeating hunger.
Yuan passed away in 2021， aged 91， and the whle natin murned his death. He will be frever remembered by Chinese peple and the wrld.
1 cmmit （cmmitted；cmmitted；cmmitting） vt. 做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）；花（钱或时间）；承诺；保证 vi.忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
1.[人教选必①－5]He is a very gd actr and he cmmits himself t every rle that he takes n.
2.[外研选必③－3]Driven by a sense f cmmitment （cmmit）， a great many jined the army t resist the Japanese invaders and defend the hnur f the natin.
3.Thugh jurnalists are cmmitted t presenting （present） the truth， it is better t use ur wn judgement than rely entirely n the news reprts.
4.Mr Li is a cmmitted （cmmit） teacher， wh is very ppular amng students.
此处cmmitted作形容词，表示"尽心尽力的，坚定的"，可用于写作中对人物品质的描述。
5.Zhng Nanshan cmmits himself t medical research， and was awarded the Medal f the Republic.（人物介绍）
→① Cmmitting himself t medical research ， Zhng Nanshan was awarded the Medal f the Republic. （现在分词短语作状语）
→②Zhng Nanshan， cmmitted t medical research ， was awarded the Medal f the Republic. （过去分词短语作定语）
6.直到那时我才意识到我犯了个巨大的错误，窘得满脸通红。（读后续写之心理描写）
Only then did I realise that I had cmmitted a big mistake . My face glwed with embarrassment.（"nly＋状语"位于句首的倒装）
2 acknwledge vt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢
1.Traditinal Chinese medicine is widely acknwledged t be （be） effective in the fight against the severe disease.
2.I was sent a free cpy in acknwledgement （acknwledge） f my cntributin.
3.I greatly thank yu fr the help yu have given me.
→I greatly acknwledge the help yu have given me.（词语升级）
表示"感谢，感激"的词或短语，除了thank sb. fr sth.外，还有acknwledge/appreciate sth.和be grateful t sb. fr sth.。
4.普遍认为，读好书可以丰富我们的思想，教我们明辨是非。
It’s universally/widely acknwledged that reading gd bks can enrich ur minds and teach us t distinguish between right and wrng.
"明辨是非"的其他表达：tell/distinguish right frm wrng，tell the difference between right and wrng
3 insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
1.[人教选必②－3]Fr example， scientists have insisted fr years that a big enemy f health is （be） fatty fd.
2.[北师必修③－9]I kept telling him that I knew the way myself， but he insisted n taking （take） me there.
3.妈妈坚持认为我不该放弃，而应该全力以赴。
→① My mther insisted that I shuld nt give up， but try my best. （insist that）
→② My mther insisted n my trying my best instead f giving up. （insist n， instead f）
4 cnclusin n.结论；推论；最后
1.When Chris brught his speech t a nice cnclusin （cnclude）， Whaley， his teacher， invited the rest f the class t applaud him.
2.He cncluded frm their remarks that they were nt in favur f the plan.
3.S I cme t/arrive at/reach/draw a cnclusin （得出结论） that if yu want a great career， yu need t cmmit yurself t smething meaningful. （cnclusin）
4.总之，急需共同努力来抢救我们的传统文化瑰宝。（传统文化）
In cnclusin ， jint effrts are urgently needed t rescue ur traditinal cultural treasures .
cnclusin/cnclude常出现在科研类或科普类说明文中，用于总结研究发现或观点。如：
☆[2022北京]Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results， but cncluded that "we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin".
☆[2020北京]In cnclusin， psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne’s life.
5 circumstance n.（usually pl.）条件；环境；状况
1.[北师选必②－5]Smetimes we need t be flexible and adapt t changing circumstances （circumstance）.
2. If circumstances permit/allw （如果情况允许的话）， the wrk will begin n Mnday.
3.在任何情况下，我们都不能在互联网上将我们的个人信息泄露给陌生人。（建议信）
Under/In n circumstances shuld we give away ur persnal infrmatin t strangers n the Internet. （倒装结构）
表示"绝不"的其他短语：in n way； n n accunt； by n means。这些短语置于句首时，句子都需要用部分倒装结构。
6 cnsequence n.结果；后果
1.I didn’t keep my prmise. In cnsequence， he gt very angry at me.
2.Jhn was cmmitted t his study. Cnsequently （cnsequent）， he gained admissin t Zhejiang University.
3.在过去的几年里，大量垃圾被倾倒进海洋中。因此，许多海洋物种正面临灭绝的威胁。
（倡议）
The past years have witnessed large amunts f waste dumped int the ceans. As a cnsequence/In cnsequence， many marine species are under threat f extinctin .（cnsequence）
7 take up a psitin 担任；任职
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[外研必修①－1]After-schl activities als play a part when students apply t cllege. Hwever， they can take up a lt f time， s students have t learn t rganise their busy schedules. 占用
②Mr Smith last year tk up a psitin as a designer in the new cmpany. 开始从事
③Lang Ping became a star in China because f her success， her psitive attitude and her ability t take up challenges. 接受
2.Take dwn the imprtant pints in class s that yu can g ver them after class.
3.I’m ging t take a week ff （休一周假） and Briggs will take ver the business （接管业务） when I’m away.
8 sum up总结，概括
1.[北师选必①－3] T sum （sum）up， despite prducing cheap fd， factry farming is bad fr the planet and fr the animals themselves.
表示"总之，总而言之"的归纳总结性短语除了t sum up和in sum外还有in cnclusin， in shrt， in brief， in summary， all in all等。
2.这个年轻人冒着生命危险从火海中救人。他因勇敢而得到一大笔金钱奖励。
The yung man risked his wn life t save peple frm the fire. He was rewarded with a large sum f mney fr his bravery .
3.总之，他对教育的奉献为他赢得了当地人的尊重。（人物介绍）
In sum， his cmmitment t educatin earns him the lcal peple’s respect.
9 upn/n＋ding/n. 一……就……
1.[外研必修③－2]On leaving （leave） schl， Wintn wrked in banks in Germany and France.
2.Upn her retirement （retire） frm the university， the prfessr tk up a psitin in charity.
3.一到海滩，我们就开始清理冲到岸边的垃圾。（环境保护）
→① Upn arrival/arriving at the beach ， we started t clean up the litter washed ashre. （upn＋n./ding）
→② The mment we arrived at the beach ， we started t clean up the litter washed ashre. （the mment）
→③ Immediately we arrived at the beach ， we started t clean up the litter washed ashre. （immediately）
10 it作形式主语
1.[人教选必①－2]It is pssible that this technlgical fantasy will cme true in the distant future.
2. It suddenly ccurred t me that I culd ask my teacher t g ver my cmpsitin.
3.很荣幸能与大家分享我对在线学习的看法。（发言稿）
It’s a great hnur t share my pinin n nline learning with yu.
4.人们普遍认为吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体质。（健康饮食）
It’s widely acknwledged that eating green vegetables cntributes t building up strength.
5.很遗憾我不能和你一起去北京。（道歉信）
It’s such a pity that I culdn’t g t Beijing with yu.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023浙江1月]I parked my car utside the farm and walked past a milking huse which had apparently （apparent） nt been used in many years.
2.[2021浙江]He shwed us that even a single desire， never given up n， can make fr a remarkable （remark） life.
3.[2021天津]It was nt until I fllwed this feeling t its surce that I discvered I had a passin fr writing.
4.[2021天津]Vital t/fr human life， art is celebrated and used by natins acrss the wrld fr varius purpses.
5.[2021天津3月]Sciety pushes us t specialize， t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin， branch f study r research.
6.[2020全国Ⅱ]As a nvelist （nvel）， I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk.
以-ist结尾的表示人的名词还有：artist（艺术家）；chemist（化学家）；dentist（牙科医生）；jurnalist（记者）；scientist（科学家）；turist（游客）等。
7.[2020全国Ⅲ]I tell my mm that if we’re frced t eat things， we may becme ill. But she insists n us eating （eat） healthy fd.
8.[2020天津]This led Jnes t the cnclusin （cnclude） that there are t many extremely lnely peple in his cmmunity， wh are easy targets f cheating.
9.[全国Ⅲ]Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually （gradual） frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time.
10.[江苏高考]Diners at bad tables — next t the kitchen dr， say — spent nearly as much as thers but sn fled （flee）.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. n.流畅 B. v.流动 C.n.流量
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]A dirty stream， fr example， ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. B
②[2021新高考Ⅰ]His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. A
③[2021北京]We’re nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers， which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes. C
2.[2022北京]This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking — which， in this example， is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system. n.目标
bjective常作形容词，表示"客观的"，出现在观点态度题的选项中。其他常见选项有：supprtive（支持的）；psitive （积极的）；disapprving （反对的）；neutral （中立的）；cmplicated （复杂的）；dubtful/skeptical （怀疑的）；tlerant （宽容的）；cnservative（保守的）。
3.[2021浙江]The result was Prject Wild Thing， a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk， a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature. v.记录
4.[天津高考]The mst awkward email mistake is usually cmmitted in anger. v.犯（错）
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——中国历史人物
[2023全国甲]你们学校正举办主题为"用英文讲中国故事"的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1.人物简介及事迹；
2.意义或启示。
◎写作要点
1.在我看来，在众多公认的中国历史人物中，范仲淹是最有影响力的。（numerus， acknwledged）
Amng numerus Chinese histrical figures that are widely acknwledged， Fan Zhngyan is the mst influential in my pinin.
2.范仲淹是宋代著名的文学家和政治家，因其对社会的卓越贡献而受到人们的高度赞赏。（plitician， remarkable）
Knwn as a famus writer and plitician in the Sng Dynasty， Fan Zhngyan was highly appreciated because f his remarkable cntributins t sciety.
3.他提出建立国家学校系统，这对中国的教育制度产生了深远的影响。（fundatin）
He prpsed the fundatin f a natinal schl system， which had a far-reaching influence n the Chinese educatinal system.
4.总之，范仲淹一直激励着我做一个品格高尚的人。（cnclusin）
In cnclusin， Fan Zhngyan always inspires me t be a man f nble character.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
The Histrical Figure in China
Amng numerus Chinese histrical figures that are widely acknwledged， Fan Zhngyan is the mst influential in my pinin.
Knwn as a famus writer and plitician in the Sng Dynasty， Fan Zhngyan was highly appreciated because f his remarkable cntributins t sciety. He cmmitted himself t carrying ut a series f refrms t make his cuntry prsperus. Besides， he prpsed the fundatin f a natinal schl system， which had a far-reaching influence n the Chinese educatinal system.
What impresses me mst is his famus philsphy f life： "Be the first t wrry abut the trubles acrss the land， the last t enjy universal happiness." In cnclusin， Fan Zhngyan is such a rle mdel that he always inspires me t be a man f nble character.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之困惑与迷茫
一、阅读理解
A
[2024浙江名校协作体联考]Gladys West， the mathematician， was brn in 1930 in Virginia and had t help harvest crps n her family’s farm. The hard wrk started befre daybreak and lasted well int the blistering heat f the afternn. T get ut f there， she was ging t get an educatin.
Her parents tried t save sme mney t send her t cllege， but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund. Then a teacher annunced that the state was ging t give a cllege schlarship t the tw tp students frm her grade. Finally， West gt the schlarship， allwing her t attend Virginia State Cllege （nw Virginia State University）， a histrically black university.
West decided t majr in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men， but she didn’t take much ntice f it as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way. After graduating， she became a teacher. A few years later， she returned t the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. Then she was ffered a jb at a naval base in Dahlgren，Virginia. This made her nly the secnd black wman t be hired t wrk as a prgrammer at the base.
Despite her intellectual abilities and career success， West felt she was inferir. It was this feeling， deeply rted and felt by many African Americans， that drve her t wrk as hard as she culd. West determined t cmmit herself t her wrk， hping that by ding it t the best f her ability， she culd get recgnitin fr her wrk.
West did just that. In 1978， she became prject manager fr the Seasat prject， the first satellite that culd mnitr the ceans. She prgrammed an IBM 7030 "Stretch" cmputer， prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earth mdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit. In 1998， aged 68， she intended t fcus n her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduatin thesis and gained her PhD in public administratin and plicy affairs in 2000 at the age f 70.
本文主要介绍了非裔美国数学家Gladys West的故事。她幼年家境贫困，上大学时主修数学，毕业后担任教师，后又成为海军基地的程序员。由于工作努力，她成为项目经理，70岁时获得了博士学位。
【词语积累】 prgrammer n.（计算机）程序员
intellectual adj.智力的；有才智的
cmmit neself t致力于
accurate adj.准确的，精确的
1.What was the decisive factr t enable Gladys West t g t the university？
A. Her teacher’s aiding her.
B. Her parents’ paying the expenses.
C. Her family backgrund.
D. The schlarship frm the gvernment.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段的"Then a teacher annunced her grade"可知，政府将给她那个年级的两名优等生提供大学奖学金。结合该段下文内容可知，她获得了奖学金，进入了大学。据此可知，是政府提供的奖学金促成了她读大学，故D项正确。
2.What can we infer frm the text？
A. West gt all her degrees after retirement.
B. Men dminated the maths field in West’s days.
C. Black wmen scientists’ talent was fully appreciated.
D. When she began t wrk， West felt she was superir t thers.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段的"It was largely studied by men"可知，在那个年代，数学主要是由男性研究的；据此可以推知，在West那个年代，男性在数学领域占主导地位，故选B项。
3.What des the underlined phrase "a building blck" in paragraph 5 mean？
A. A basic part.B. A detailed map.
C. A building material.D. A majr bstacle.
解析 A 词义猜测题。由语境可知，画线短语所在句表示"这个详细的地球形状数学模型是GPS轨道的基础"，故画线短语的意思应为"基础组成部分，构成要素"，所以A项切题。
4.What kind f persn was Gladys West？
A. Helpful and serius.
B. Hnest and hardwrking.
C. Ambitius and cmmitted.
D. Cnsiderate and devted.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第一段描述可知，Gladys West自小在家从事艰苦劳动，为了离开家，她决定上学；由第三段内容可知，她决定学数学，虽然该领域内男性居多，但她深知没有什么可以阻挡她。据此可以推知，她是一位有抱负的人。由第四段的"It was this as hard as she culd"可知，她是一位对工作尽心尽力的人。综上可知，C项正确。
B
[2023河南郑州一测]French writer Annie Ernaux wn the 2022 Nbel Prize in Literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer t have wn the prize. In the wrds f the Nbel cmmittee， Ernaux was given the award "fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）" f her writing.
Having spent ver 5 decades as a writer， the 83-year-ld winner has published mre than 20 bks t her name，including Cleaned Out（1974）， Shame（1997），a 2008 memir（回忆录） called The Years and A Girl’s Stry（2020）.
Rather than cnsider herself a writer f fictin， Ernaux has used the term "an ethnlgist（社会人类学家） f herself" t describe herself.
Brn in 1940 in a rural village in Nrmandy， France， Ernaux grew up in a wrking-class envirnment as her parents ran a cmbined grcery stre and café. She wrked as a teacher befre becming a full-time writer.
Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer： The Secnd Sex by Simne de Beauvir and Distinctin by Pierre Burdieu. The frmer led her t write abut feminism（女权主义）， and the latter raised her awareness f the huge gap between her and the envirnment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences， her "upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd"als inspire many f her wrks， nted the scial media. Fr example， the bk Shame explres the theme f childhd trauma（精神创伤） while A Girl’s Stry fllws a yung wman’s cming f age in the 1950s.
Thugh the matters Ernaux describes in her bks are serius and even smetimes heavy， they are always written in plain language. Ernaux described her style as"flat writing"thrugh which she aims t tell her stries bjectively. "Her style is unshaped by flrid（过多修饰的） descriptin r verwhelming emtins，" nted Fx News.
"She writes abut things that n ne else writes abut， fr instance her jealusy（嫉妒）， her experiences as an abandned lver and s n， I mean， really hard experiences，" Anders Olssn， chairman f the Nbel literature cmmittee， said after the award annuncement in Stckhlm. He went n t say， "She gives wrds fr these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are shrt bks， but they are really mving."
2022年诺贝尔文学奖颁给了Annie Ernaux，她是第一位赢得这个奖项的法国女作家。
【词语积累】 inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发思考
bjectively adv.客观地
descriptin n. 描写（文字），形容，说明
1. What can be learned abut Annie Ernaux frm the passage？
A. She described herself as a science fictin writer.
B. She started with a full-time writer befre being a teacher.
C. She is cnsidered t be the first French persn t have wn the prize.
D. She was awarded fr the bravery and bservatin shwn in her writing.
解析 D 细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"In the wrds...‘fr the curage and clinical acuity（敏锐度）’ f her writing"可知，D项正确。
2. What inspired Annie Ernaux t write her wrks？
A. Her hardships f life.
B. Her teaching career.
C. Her persnal experiences.
D. Her wrking-class backgrund.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第五段中的"Tw bks by ther French writers inspired her t be a writer"和"Besides her reading influences， her ‘upbringing and experiences navigating adlescence and adulthd’"可知，Annie Ernaux写作主要受到两个方面的影响：一是她读过的书，二是她的教养和个人经历，故C项正确。
3. Which wrds best describe Annie Ernaux’s writing style？
A. Serius and sharp.
B. Plain and bjective.
C. Light and humrus.
D. Elegant and descriptive.
解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第六段中的"Ernaux described her style as ‘flat writing’ "可知，B项正确。
4. What can be the best title fr this passage？
A. A Wman Telling Her Own Stries
B. A Teacher Becming a Full-time Writer
C. A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D. A French Female Fighting fr Wmen’s Rights
解析 A 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Annie Ernaux通过平淡地、客观地、勇敢地在作品中讲述自己的经历从而获得诺贝尔文学奖的事情。故A项（一个讲述她自己故事的女士）最适合做本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023江苏四校期中联考]In memry f Marie Curie n her birthday n Saturday， the fficial website f the Nbel Prize psted a phtgraph f her ntebk saying. "Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk. Even tday her labratry ntebk frm 1899 t 1902， is 1 and will be fr 1，500 years."
The tales f Marie and ther scientists f her time are in sme sense very 2 .
Wilhelm Cnrad Rentgen discvered X-ray in 1895. A year later， Antine Henri Becquerel fund that sme natural substances 3 rays， t. Later， Marie and her physicist husband， Pierre Curie， gave it a（n） 4 ， radiactivity.
Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radiactive substances fr decades using little r n prtectin. Marie’s death is a reminder f the risks pineers in science 7 . It was nly after peple handling radiactive substances began t get similar 8 that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin. Tday， medical health wrkers and patients wear heavy prtective 9 during X-rays.
It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers. There is a（n） 11 fr better prtectin fr the pineers， but that is nt pssible until the dangers are fully knwn. Fr example， the space suits astrnauts wear 12 them against radiatin. Hwever， nly 13 will tell if there are sme ther unknwn dangers.
The cntributins and sacrifices by such pineers t the field f science are 14 and deserving f ur respect. Because the pineers nt nly 15 new frntiers， but als help us better prtect urselves frm unknwn surrundings.
本文介绍了著名科学家居里夫人及其他科学先驱为科学领域做出的贡献和牺牲。
1. A. extrardinaryB. radiactive
C. prtectiveD. creative
解析 B 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，故选B。extrardinary非凡的，radiactive放射性的，prtective保护性的，creative有创意的。
2. A. tragicB. inspiratinal
C. rmanticD. meaningful
解析 A 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学做出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨（tragic），故选A。inspiratinal鼓舞人心的， rmantic浪漫的，meaningful有意义的。
3. A. blckedB. absrbed
C. reflectedD. emitted
解析 D 一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出（emitted）射线，故选D。blck阻塞，absrb吸收，reflect反射。
4. A. privilegeB. name
C. nticeD. identity
解析 B 后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。 privilege特权，name名字，ntice注意，identity身份。B项符合语境。
5. A. scientificB. nvel
C. sensitiveD. harmful
解析 D 由"Marie Curie died f aplastic anaemia（再生障碍性贫血） n 4 July， 1934， a result f years f expsure t radiatin thrugh her wrk"可知，此处指的是有害的（harmful）影响，故选D。scientific科学的，nvel新奇的，sensitive敏感的。
6. A. cntempraryB. cnservative
C. curiusD. cautius
解析 A 几十年中，玛丽和她同时代的（cntemprary）科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎或完全没有防护措施，故选A。cnservative保守的，curius好奇的，cautius谨慎的。
7. A. deliverB. relieve
C. undertakeD. generate
解析 C 玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担（undertake）的风险，故选C。deliver交付，relieve缓解，generate产生。
8. A. rewardsB. warnings
C. diseasesD. titles
解析 C 由空前的"get similar"及空后的"that medical experts asked peple t use prtectin"可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人所患的疾病（diseases）。
9. A. glassesB. glves
C. shesD. cvers
解析 D 由常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩（cvers）。
10. A. ddB. inevitable
C. criticalD. intimidating
解析 B 探索科学前沿时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的（inevitable）。
11. A. fcusB. evlutin
C. demandD. breakthrugh
解析 C 先驱们需要更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的，故选C。
12. A. prtectB. fight
C. warnD. frbid
解析 A 例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护（prtect）他们免受辐射。
13. A. spaceB. time
C. technlgyD. histry
解析 B 由"Hwever， the 5 effects f radiactivity were nt discvered until decades later"可知，只有时间（time）才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。
14. A. unmatchedB. uplifting
C. glriusD. cncrete
解析 A 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"可知，这些先驱对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的（unmatched）。
15. A. extendB. prceed
C. muntD. explre
解析 D 由上文中的"It is almst 10 that thse explring new frntiers fr science are expsing themselves t unknwn dangers"及空后的"new frntiers"可知，此处指探索（explre）新的前沿领域。
三、语法填空
[中国情怀/2024江苏海安三校联考]Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China’s aerspace science 1 Qian Xuesen has. Brn in Hangzhu in 1911， Qian went t the United States fr further studies in 1935. Sn as a pineer in American jet and rcket technlgy， he and his clleagues 2 （fund） the Jet Prpulsin Labratry in the 1940s， nw ne f NASA’s leading space-explratin centres.
3 （vercme） many difficulties in the US， Qian eventually returned t China in 1955. He received a 4 （her） welcme frm his hmeland. At that time， in pr China， its rcket science was undevelped： N majrs in rcket science. N talents. N experts. Nevertheless， the "N"s didn’t discurage him frm taking 5 challenges. His reply t "Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles？" was a 6 （determine） "Why nt？ We Chinese are able t make the same things 7 ther peple make".
Under Qian’s leadership， China develped the Dngfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite. Even much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets can als8 （trace） back t Qian’s research， s he earned the name f "the father f China’ aerspace".
Qian was 9 （extreme） knwledgeable， especially in the area f frntier science research. Hwever， what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things， such as music and drawing. His deep appreciatin fr art ften gave him 10 （inspire） in his scientific research.
On Octber 31， 2009， the whle cuntry was saddened by Qian’s death， and peple hnured and remembered him in different ways.
本文介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及其突出贡献。
1.than 考查连词。由前边的比较级greater可知，此处用连词than。
2.funded 考查动词的时态和语态。由时间状语in the 1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，而且主语与fund之间为主谓关系，故填funded。
3.Having vercme 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词。Qian与vercme之间是主谓关系，且非谓语所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以填Having vercme。
4.her’s 考查名词所有格。结合句意和后边的名词可知，空格处应填名词所有格her’s。
5.n 考查介词。take n为固定搭配，意为"接受"。
6.determined 考查形容词。此处应该用形容词determined（坚定的，坚决的）作定语。
7.that 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物，再结合前边的the same可知，此处用that。
8.be traced 考查语态。much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets与trace之间为动宾关系，再结合前边的can可知，此处填be traced。
9.extremely 考查副词。所填词修饰形容词knwledgeable，作状语，故用副词extremely。
10.inspiratin 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语。所填词表示"灵感"，故应用不可数名词inspiratin。★cmmit neself t （ding） sth.承诺/保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）
cmmit... t... 投入……于……
cmmit sth.犯（错）等
★cmmitment n.承诺；投入；奉献
make a cmmitment t d sth. 保证/承诺做某事
★cmmitted adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的
be cmmitted t （ding） sth.致力于（做）某事
★acknwledge ding/having dne sth.承认做过某事
acknwledge... as/t be... 认为……是……
It’s universally/widely acknwledged that...普遍认为……
★acknwledgement n.承认
in acknwledgement f... 以回答……；以感谢……
★insist n/upn （sb./sb.’s） ding sth. 坚决要求（某人）做某事
★insist that...
①表示"坚持/坚决要求……"时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"（shuld＋）动词原形"。
②表示"坚持说/坚持认为……"时，从句用陈述语气。
★in cnclusin 最后；总而言之
cme t/arrive at/reach/draw a cnclusin得出结论
jump t cnclusins匆忙下结论
bring... t a cnclusin使……结束
★cnclude vt.推断出 vt.& vi.结束，终止
cnclude sth.（frm sth.） （从……中）推断出/断定……
★under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
under/in n circumstances 在任何情况下决不， 无论如何不（放在句首时句子要用部分倒装结构）
★if circumstances permit/allw 如果情况允许的话
★as a cnsequence/in cnsequence（＝as a result） 结果
as a cnsequence f/in cnsequence f（＝as a result f）由于
★cnsequent adj.随之发生的
cnsequently adv.因此；结果
★take up 拿起；占用；开始从事；接受
take ff 脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假
take in 吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
take ver 接管；接任
take n 呈现；雇用；承担
take dwn写下，记下；拆除
take apart 拆开，拆卸
★t sum up 总之
a large sum f mney 一大笔钱
in sum总而言之
★表示"一……就……"的其他表达：
as sn as＋从句
the mment/minute/instant＋从句
immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
★it作形式主语的常用句式：
·It be＋adj./n.＋（fr sb.）t d sth.
·It be＋过去分词（said， reprted...）＋that从句
·It be＋形容词（vital， bvius， pssible...）＋that从句
·It be＋名词短语（a pity， n wnder...）＋that从句
·It＋不及物动词（ccur， happen...）＋t sb.＋that从句
积累背诵
仿写运用
单
词
cnfused， cnfusing， puzzled， puzzling， lst； cnfusin， puzzlement
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.尽管吉米既困惑又生气，他还是听妈妈的话离开了房间。
Puzzled and angry ， Jimmy beyed his mther and left the rm. （形容词作状语）
2.他疑惑地看着帕特说："但你早晨为什么这么早就出来了？"
He lked at Pat in cnfusin/puzzlement and asked， "But why are yu ut s early in the mrning？"
3.其中有一个标志把我弄糊涂了，于是我把售货员叫过来问道："那个标志是什么意思？"
One f the signs gt me puzzled/cnfused ， s I called ver the salesman and asked， "What des that sign mean？"（get＋宾语＋宾补）
4.她转过身来，看见母亲脸上困惑的表情。
As she turned back she caught the puzzled lk n her mther’s face .
5.我弟弟一直在哭，我不知道该如何应对。
My little brther kept crying and I was at a lss hw t react.
词
组
1.at a lss 迷茫的
2.in cnfusin/puzzlement 困惑地，迷茫地
3.a puzzled/cnfused lk 困惑的表情
4.scratch ne’s head （困惑、为难等时）挠头
5.be lst fr wrds 不知说什么才好
佳
句
1.After my explanatin， Mandy still had a puzzled expressin n her face. 我解释之后，曼迪仍然一脸困惑。
2.Facing the questin， Luke scratched his head， lking puzzled. 面对这个问题，卢克挠了挠头，看起来很困惑。
3.Silence filled the rm and puzzlement was written all ver everyne’s face. 房间里一片寂静，每个人的脸上都写满了困惑。
4.I read the nte twice， but I was still in a fg. 我把纸条读了两遍，但还是一头雾水。