语法专题 专题二　第一讲　名词-2025年高考英语大一轮复习（课件+讲义+练习）

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1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。同时，重视复习效果，做到做一件事，有一点收获。
考点精讲一　　可数名词
考点精讲二　　不可数名词
考点精讲三　　名词的构词法
Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend f his⑨，wh raises sme cws⑥ and gats⑥.
1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥大部分可数名词直接加-s。2.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：ft—feet脚　gse—geese鹅tth—teeth牙齿　muse—mice老鼠man—men男人　wman—wmen女人
(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊　deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法　series—series系列species—species物种crssrads—crssrads 十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器
(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children 孩子　x—xen 公牛(4)由man，wman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，wman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen绅士Englishman—Englishmen英国男子pliceman—plicemen男警察chairwman—chairwmen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German，human的复数形式为Germans，humans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析　basis—bases基础crisis—crises危机　thesis—theses论文medium—media媒介物phenmenn—phenmena现象
2.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日　blackbard—blackbards黑板　bkshelf—bkshelves书架　gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms　sn-in-law—sns-in-lawlker-n—lkers-n　passer-by—passers-by　stry-teller—stry-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups　standby—standbys
(4)“man/wman＋名词”构成的合成词变复数时，man/wman和名词均变为复数。wmen singers女歌手　men servants 男仆人(5)常以复数形式出现的名词有thanks，cngratulatins，wishes，greetings，shes，trusers，wrks(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，instructins(指导；用法说明)，times(时代)等。(6)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有take turns t d sth，in high spirits，make friends with，shake hands with，make preparatins fr，make (bth) ends meet，take pains t d等。
3.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：Kate and Mary’s rm凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’s and Mary’s rms凯特和玛丽各自的房间
(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr’s (ffice)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber’s (shp)在理发店at Mr Green’s (huse)在格林先生家
1.The team wh wn the three wrld (champinship) wuld always get this the festival，which lasts three r fur days，peple are dressed in their best clthes and participate in a variety f rich and clurful __________(activity) best slutin might be t find the (weakness) in the idea and t try and strengthen them，rather than use them simply as an excuse fr rejecting the whle idea.
champinships
4.Timmis and his team set ut t seek the effects f phne use n ____________ (passer-by) usually expect Hllywd (her) t shw up n ur screens and defeat the bad ges t the (barber) t have his hair cut every mnth.
T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn’t perfrm well.Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin，news为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt 等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f 等。
1.不可数名词不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的有：
2.抽象名词与a(n)连用时，淡化了抽象概念，转化为具体的动作、行为或类别。A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.英语知识在国际贸易中是必不可少的。It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.读这种小说就是浪费时间。She made an aplgy t her mther fr her wrng dings.她为自己做错的事向母亲道歉。
3.有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。如：sme cffee一些咖啡，a cffee一杯咖啡，three cffees三杯咖啡；sme drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料；his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发；glass玻璃，a glass一个玻璃杯。
1. came that he wuld start yet anther trade war against ther cuntries as he wuldn’t keep his n that matter.(wrd)2.As a war reprter，Jenny went thrugh a lt f adventurus ___________，which cntributed t her rich in her jb.(experience)3.I dn’t think I am failure；it is said that failure is the mther f success.(冠词填空)
experiences
2.形容词变名词的后缀
1.Since June 2017，right befre the (arrive) f the tw new pandas，Meng Meng and Jia Qing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)2.When the answer was n，she declined the (invite).(2022·浙江1月)3.China has a (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.(2022·全国乙)
respnsibility
4.In 1844，they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser，wh perfrmed their (marry) ceremny in 1842.(2021·浙江6月)5.Histrical (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. (2020·新课标Ⅰ)
1.Als，technlgical knw-hw has becme a (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld，as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst (prfessin) switch has decreased (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr (cnditin) prvide a favrable envirnment fr the blue sandalwd(檀香) tree and rice grwing，ffering the materials needed t make the best Xuan paper.
requirement