新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13 议论文体类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13 议论文体类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13议论文体类阅读理解原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练13议论文体类阅读理解解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
注意事项：
1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)
2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)
高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。
3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
(1)标志类、指示类的信息。
①表示并列关系：and, als, cupled with等；
②表示转折关系：but, yet, hwever, by cntrast等；
③表示因果关系：therefre, thereby, cnsequently, as a result等；
④表示递进关系：in additin t, even, what’s mre, furthermre等；
⑤表示重要性的词：prime, abve all, first等。
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。
(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), bjective(客观)等。
4. 常见问题：
(1)读不懂怎么？
问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。
uncnscius incmpetent (无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；
cnscius incmpetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；
cnscius cmpetent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；
uncnscius cmpetent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。
从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。
(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？
(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？
(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？
能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。
【得分要点】
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
【真题再现1】【2020·天津卷，D】
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
51. In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A. prpse a definitin
B. make a cmparisn
C. reach a cnclusin
D. present an argument
52. What des the example f Galile tell us?
A. Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B. Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C. Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D. Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
53. What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A. Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B. Develp a questining mind.
C. Lead a life f adventure.
D. Fllw the fashin.
54. What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B. The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C. Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D. Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
55. What culd be the best tile r the passage?
A. Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B. Reflectins n Human Nature
C. The Keys t Achievement
D. Never T Late t Learn
【答案】51. D 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
53.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列举了Thmas Cstain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Mses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys t Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
【真题再现2】 【2020·江苏卷，D】
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, “In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?” I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld. In Juan’s wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld. the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan’s village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan’s questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery, I als began t find smething else, a cllectin f scientists, usually brilliant ccasinally half-mad, wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see, but they pay mre attentin t them, and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin (穷尽), and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery, I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物), and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when smething new turns up, mre ften than nt, we d nt even knw its name.
65. Hw did the authr feel n his arrival in the Amazn?
A. Out f place.B. Full f jy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amaznian evening wnderful?
A. He learned mre abut the lcal language.
B. They had a nice cnversatin with each ther.
C. They understd each ther while playing.
D. He wn the sccer game with the gal keeper.
67. Why was the authr surprised at Juan’s questin abut the mn?
A. The questin was t straightfrward.
B. Juan knew s little abut the wrld.
C. The authr didn’t knw hw t answer.
D. The authr didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the authr’s initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A. T srt ut what we have knwn.
B. T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C. T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist.
D. T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
69. Hw did thse brilliant scientists make great discveries?
A. They shifted their viewpints frequently.
B. They fllwed ther scientists clsely.
C. They ften criticized their fellw scientists.
D. They cnducted in-depth and clse studies.
70. What culd be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Pssible and the Impssible .
B. The Knwn and the Unknwn .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignrant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms and mre ften than nt, didn’t entirely recgnize the fd. We culdn’t have felt mre freign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s wrld, the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new spider...,and n and n they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species started a third drawer fr these big discveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay mre attentin t them ,and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin ,and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
【题型演练】
1
It’s summertime. That means lng ht days, n schl--- and summer camps. Lts f kids spend at least sme f the summer at camps. Sme kids spend the whle year playing ne sprt. And what d they d during the summer? They g t a camp and keep playing that sprt. S what’s wrng with that?
A study published in the jurnal Sprts Health fund that “fr mst sprts, there is n evidence that intense (集中的) training and playing ne sprt befre 13 r 14 are necessary t achieve elite (精英的)status.” Hw big is the risk f injury if yu specialize in ne sprt? A Lyla University Chicag study f 1, 200 yuth athletes fund that kids wh specialized in ne sprt were 70 percent t 93 percent mre likely t be injured than multi-sprt athletes. That’s a lt. Kids wh specialize in ne sprt als get burned ut. An Ohi State University study fund that kids wh played a single sprt were mre likely t quit their sprt and be physically inactive as adults.
But dn’t yu have t specialize in ne sprt when yu’re a kid t have a chance t play in cllege r be a prfessinal? N! Srry, but I have t talk abut anther study. This ne was a survey f cllege athletes by the American Sciety f Sprts Medicine. The study fund that 88 percent f cllege athletes played mre than ne sprt when they were kids.
Lk at this year’s Natinal Ftball League (NFL) draft, 26 f the 31 first- rund picks, including Jared Gff, the player drafted ahead f all the thers, had been multi-sprt athletes in high schl, accrding t Tracking Ftball. It wasn’t just the first rund: 224 f the 256 draft picks had played mre than ne sprt in high schl. Mre than a third f the drafted players were three-sprt athletes.
S if yu are a year-rund baseball kid, try sccer this summer. It will get yu int great shape and help yu mve yur feet in the field. Or if yu’re a sccer kid, try tennis r rck climbing. Have sme fun, and try smething new. It’s summertime.
1. What’s the purpse f the authr writing the text?
A. T invite mre kids t play sprts.
B. T inspire kids t play sprts fr fun.
C. T encurage kids t try mre types f sprts.
D. T give kids advice n becming prfessinal athletes.
2. What has the study in Sprts Health fund?
A. Playing ne sprt is suitable fr adults.
B. T much training desn’t lift sprt spirits.
C. 70%-93% kids get injuries frm playing sprts.
D. Kids’ sprt specializatin desn’t prmise future success.
3. What can we learn abut NFL drafted players?
A. Mst f them were multi-sprt players.
B. They are cllege students.
C. They are prfessinal athletes.
D. Mst f them were summer-camping lvers.
4. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the text? (P---paragraph )
A. B. C. D.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子们只玩一种运动项目有何弊端？作者在文中进行了阐述。
1. 推理判断题。文章首段为主题段。该段中的“They g t a camp and keep playing that sprt. S what’s wrng with that? (他们去了一个营地，继续进行这项运动。那么这有什么错呢?)”呈现了作者的观点。再结合最后一段的“S if yu are a year-rund baseball kid, try sccer this summer.”（如果你是一个全年都打棒球的孩子，今年夏天试试足球吧！）和“Or if yu’re a sccer kid, try tennis r rck climbing.”（如果你是踢足球的孩子，那么今年尝试一下网球或者攀岩）可推知，作者写此文是为了鼓励孩子们尝试多种运动项目。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“there is n evidence that intense training and playing ne sprt befre 13 r 14 are necessary t achieve elite status.(没有证据表明在13岁或14岁之前进行高强度训练或只参加一项运动是成为精英的必要条件。)”可知，Sprts Health上发表的研究表明：少年阶段专注于一项体育运动的训练并不能保证训练者取得优异的成绩。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Lk at this year’s Natinal Ftball League (NFL) draft, 26 f the 31 first- rund picks, including Jared Gff, the player drafted ahead f all the thers, had been multi-sprt athletes in high schl, accrding t Tracking Ftball. It wasn’t just the first rund: 224 f the 256 draft picks had played mre than ne sprt in high schl. Mre than a third f the drafted players were three-sprt athletes. (看看今年的美国国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)选秀，31个首轮选秀中有26个，包括先期选秀的贾里德·戈夫(Jared Gff)，都是高中时的多项目运动员。不仅仅是第一轮：256个被选中的球员中有224人在高中时参加过不止一项运动。超过三分之一的运动员是三项运动的运动员。)”可知，NFL选拔出的运动员，绝大多数都曾接受过多种运动项目的训练。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。文章首段作者以提问的方式抛出自己的观点：孩子们只玩一种运动项目有何弊端？第二、三、四段作者引用各种调查结果作为论据论证了自己的观点:孩子们应该尝试多种运动项目；最后一段作者向孩子们提出建议：从多种运动项目中寻找乐趣，总结了全文。文章遵循了“总--分--总”的结构。故选C。
2
At the Wrld Ecnmic Frum last mnth，President Trump drew claps when he annunced the United States wuld respnd t the frum's prpsal t plant ne trillin（万亿）trees j fight climate change. The trillin tree idea wn wide attentin last summer after a study published in the jurnal Science cncluded that planting s many trees was "the mst effective climate change slutin t date".
If nly it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees wuld slw dwn the planet's warming,but the nly thing that will save us and future generatins frm paying a huge price in dllars，lives and damage t nature is rapid and cnsiderable reductins in carbn release frm fssil fuels，t net zer by 2050.
Fcusing n trees as the big slutin t climate change is a dangerus diversin（偏离）.Wrse still，it takes attentin away frm thse respnsible fr the carbn release that are pushing us tward disaster. Fr example， in the Netherlands， yu can pay Shell Grup f Cmpanies an additinal 1 eur cent fr each liter f regular gasline yu put in yur tank t plant trees t balance the carbn release frm yur driving. That's clearly n mre than disaster slightly delayed. The nly way t stp this planet frm verheating is thrugh plitical， ecnmic， technlgical and scial slutins that end the use f fssil fuels.
There is n way that planting trees， even acrss the size f the United States， can absrb the huge amunts f fssil carbn released frm industrial scieties. Trees d take up carbn frm the atmsphere as they grw. But this uptake merely replaces carbn lst when frests were cleared in the first place， usually lng ag. Regrwing frests where they nce grew can und sme damage dne in the past， but even a trillin trees can't stre enugh carbn t head ff dramatic climate changes this century.
In a sharp cunter argument t last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrte in the same jurnal in Octber that the study's findings were incnsistent with the dynamics f the glbal carbn cycle. He warned that "the claim that glbal tree restratin is ur mst effective climate slutin is simply scientifically incrrect and dangerusly misleading".
5. What d we knw abut the trillin-tree idea?
A. It was published in a jurnal.
B. It was prpsed last summer.
C. It was put frward by Trump.
D. It drew lts f public attentin.
6. What paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. A drawback f the tree planting strategy.
B. An example f balancing carbn release.
C. An anecdte f making a purchase at Shell
D. A respnsibility fr pliticians and ecnmists.
7. What was Justin Gillis's attitude twards glbal tree restratin?
A. ReservedB. OppsedC. HesitantD. Supprtive
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cntradictry Ideas n Tree Planting
B. A Trillin Trees Cme t the Rescue
C. Planting Trees Wn't Save the Wrld
D. The Best Slutin t Climate Change
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C
【解析】本文是议论文。作者不赞成“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议。作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The trillin-tree idea wn wide attentin last summer after a study published in the jurnal Science cncluded that planting s many trees was "the mst effective climate change slutin t date. ”可知，去年夏天，《科学》杂志上发表的一项研究得出结论说，种植这么多树是“迄今为止最有效的气候变化解决方案，“一万亿棵树”的观点因此受到了广泛关注。故选D。
6. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Fcusing n trees as the big slutin t climate change is a dangerus diversin (偏离）. Wrse still, it takes attentin away frm thse respnsible fr the carbn release that are pushing us tward disaster.”可知，作者认为，把植树作为解决气候变化的主要办法不是好的方法，因为这会将人们的注意力从那些应该为碳排放负责的人身上转移开来。由此可知，该段主要论述了以植树来解决气候问题的不足之处。故选A。
7. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段首句提到“In a sharp cunter argument （尖锐的反驳）”，和“the claim that glbal tree restratin is ur mst effective climate slutin is simply scientifically incrrect and dangerusly misleading”. Justin Gillis发出警告：全球树木恢复是我们应对气候变化最有效的解决方案的说法在科学上是不正确的，而且是危险的误导。由此可以推断，Justin Gillis 对全球植树的提议是持反对态度的。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到美国总统Trump响应“种一万亿棵树”来对抗气候变化的倡议；第二段提到“the nly thing …is rapid and cnsiderable reductins in carbn release frm fssil fuels…”作者认为真正能解决问题的方法是迅速地大量减少碳排放；第三段也提出观点“The nly way t stp this planet frm verheating is thrugh plitical,ecnmic, technlgical and scial slutins that end the use f fssil fuels.” 作者认为阻止地球变暖的唯一方法是停止使用化石燃料；第四段提到观点“There is n way that planting trees… can absrb the huge amunts f fssil carbn released frm industrial scieties.” 植树是不可能吸收工业社会释放的大量的碳；最后一段提出Justin Gillis的观点“glbal tree restratin is ur mst effective climate slutin is simply scientifically incrrect and dangerusly misleading”，认为全球树木恢复是最有效的解决气候问题的方法这一说法在科学上是不正确的，而且是危险的误导。由此可知，作者认为植树是不能解决全球气候问题的。文章标题应为“植树不能拯救世界。故选C。
3
We have t make certain ur limited mney is well spent. But what shuld we spend ur mney n? A 20-year study cnducted by Dr. Gilvich, a prfessr at Crmell University, reached a pwerful and straightfrward cnclusin: dn't spend yur mney n things.
The truble with things is that the happiness they prvide peters ut. We get used t new pssessins, and what nce seemed exciting quickly becmes the nrm. We keep raising the bar and always lk fr an even better ne. Pssessins, by their nature, cause cmparisns. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better ne—and there's always smene with a better ne. Mst f us usually assume that the happiness we get frm buying smething will last as lng as the thing itself. It seems intuitive(直觉的) that investing in smething we can see, hear, and tuch n a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's nt the case at all.
Gilvich has fund that experiences deliver mre-lasting happiness than things. Experiences becme a part f ur identity. Everyne's experience is unique. We are nt ur pssessins, but we are the accumulatin f everything we've seen, the things we've dne, and the places we've been t. “Our experiences are a bigger part f urselves than ur material gds,” said Gilvich. “Yu can really like yur material stuff. Yu can even think that part f yur identity is cnnected t thse things, but they remain separate frm yu. In cntrast, yur experiences really are part f yu. We are the sum ttal f ur experiences.”
Besides, we dn't cmpare experiences in the same way that we cmpare things. It's hard t quantify the relative value f any tw experiences, which makes them that much mre enjyable. And expectatin f an experience causes excitement and enjyment, while expectatin f btaining a pssessin causes impatience. Experiences are enjyable frm the very first mments f planning, all the way thrugh t the memries yu keep frever. The temprary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles(水坑) f pleasure.” In ther wrds, that kind f happiness evaprates(蒸发) quickly and leaves us wanting mre. Things may last lnger than experiences, but the memries that remain are what matter mst.
9. The underlined phrase “peters ut” can be replaced by_________________.
A. dies awayB. is t littleC. is nt realD. csts t much
10. What des Gilvich think f experiences?
A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things.
B. Experiences can exist in ur memry frever.
C. Our experiences take up all parts f urselves.
D. Our experiences are what separate us frm thers.
11. It can be inferred frm the passage that_________________.
A. experiences can be cmpared with each ther
B. expecting an experience increases ur feeling f anxiety
C. peple are mre likely t be impatient when buying things
D. spiritual wealth is the mst valuable fr us
12. Which is the main idea f the passage?
A. Hw can we gain happiness with mney?
B. Hw can we make happiness last lng?
C. Why shuld we spend mney n experiences instead f things?
D. Why d experiences achieve permanent happiness than things?
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. D 12. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。
9. 词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句提到“We get used t new pssessins, and what nce seemed exciting quickly becmes the nrm.”（我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态。），即可推断出新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的 ，很快就会“消失”，peters ut对应的同义词应是“die away”，故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段提到“Gilvich has fund that experiences deliver mre-lasting happiness than things. Experiences becme a part f ur identity. Everyne's experience is unique.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的。）可知，吉洛维奇（Gilvich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“The truble with things is that the happiness they prvide peters ut.” （问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失。）及第三段首句提到“Gilvich has fund that experiences deliver mre-lasting happiness than things.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。）及最后一段最后一句提到“Things may last lnger than experiences, but the memries that remain are what matter mst.”（事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的。）可推断出，在作者的观点看来，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的，故选D。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“We have t make certain ur limited mney is well spent. But what shuld we spend ur mney n?”（我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢），所以本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”，故选C。
4
Smene nce said,‘ the prest man n earth is nt the man withut mney , but the men withut a dream.’ This implies that the ttality f a man's life is rted in dreams.
I have never seen a successful man withut a dream; in fact, fr plans t cne t being it must first be imagined as a dream.Bringing ne's dream t realizatin is ne f the mst pwerful things anyne can d t be successful in life.Hwever , we need t understand that t life there are designs and rules that cannt be brken r replaced;fr instance, fd has n substitute in ur lives.Why? It is because we need fd fr energy t d wrk and grwth.
Als, having dream is vital in making the mst f ur adventure in life.Have yu ever wndered why each time success is discussed sme names such as Bill Gate, Martin Luther King,Thmas Edisn, Barrack Obana and thers cme t ur minds?
We need t understand that all these men at ne pint in their lives had dreams, which they put int plans Greatness is never achieved in a day ; it first starts in the mind like a dream, befre the carrier puts it int plans.Dream is the starting pint f success.it is the beginning f any creatin.Life withut a dream is dmed i failure.Where there is n dream, there is n hpe.Withut a , dream , ne's future is uncertain.
When then is dream? It can be described as the mental picture f a desired future.I believe there are tw wrlds; the physical wrld we can see and relate with, and the wrld that exists in the mind(imagined wrld).Cncrete items existed first in imagined wrld befre birthed in frm f inventin r therwise.Everything that exists tday ,was created twice.First in the mind and then prcessed int real r seen wrld.
Dream is, therefre, the currency and pwer f hpe.Our dreams are much mre imprtant than ur present circumstances, because they enable us t have ideas abut the future.
13. What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A. T give an example.B. T describe a dream.
C. T lead t the main tpic.D. T attract reader’ attentin.
14. Why des the authr take the fd fr example?
A. It brings 1s energy t grw.B. It takes the place f a dream.
C. It helps us t live a successful life.D. It has the same functin as a dream.
15. Why des the anther mentin these successful peple like Bill Gate in paragraph three?
A. They succeeded in business.B. They had their wn dreams.
C. They set a gd example t us.D. They liked adventuring in life.
16. What is the best title fr the text?
A. I Have a Dream!B. N Dream, N Hpe!
C. A Dream in Life Is Imprtant!D. Success Starts with a Dream!
【答案】13. C14. D15. B16. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“This implies that the ttality f a man's life is rted in dreams. (这意味着一个人的全部生活都植根于梦想。)”根据第二段“I have never seen a successful man withut a dream; in fact, fr plans t cne t being it must first be imagined as a dream.Bringing ne's dream t realizatin is ne f the mst pwerful things anyne can d t be successful in life.”我从未见过一个成功的人没有梦想;事实上，要实现计划，首先必须把它想象成一个梦想。实现梦想是每个人在生活中成功所能做的最有力的事情之一。可知，本段的作用是引出文章的主题。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hwever , we need t understand that t life there are designs and rules that cannt be brken r replaced; fr instance, fd has n substitute in ur lives. Why? It is because we need fd fr energy t d wrk and grwth. (但是，我们需要明白，对于生命来说，有一些设计和规则是不能被打破和替代的，比如，食物在我们的生活中是不可替代的。为什么?这是因为我们需要食物作为能量来工作和成长。)”可知，作者以食物为例，因为它和梦想有同样重要的作用。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We need t understand that all these men at ne pint in their lives had dreams, which they put int plans Greatness is never achieved in a day ; (我们要明白，所有这些人在他们生命中的某个时刻都有梦想，并把梦想付诸计划；)”可知，作者在第三段提到了像比尔·盖茨这样的成功人士是想说明这些成功人士他们有自己的梦想。故选B项。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Smene nce said,‘ the prest man n earth is nt the man withut mney , but the men withut a dream.’ This implies that the ttality f a man's life is rted in dreams. (有人曾经说过：“世界上最贫穷的人不是没有钱的人，而是没有梦想的人。”这意味着一个人的全部生活都植根于梦想。)”以及最后一段中“Dream is, therefre, the currency and pwer f hpe. Our dreams are much mre imprtant than ur present circumstances, because they enable us t have ideas abut the future. (因此，梦想是希望的货币和力量。我们的梦想比我们现在所处的环境重要得多，因为它们使我们能够对未来有想法。)”可知，本文主要讲述了拥有梦想对人生的重要性，因此本文的最佳标题是选项C“梦想很重要!”故选C项。
5
When I was 17 years ld I had surgery because f a disease. The day after the surgery, I awke t find a friend f mine sitting in a chair acrss frm my bed. I dn't remember much abut his visit. But I will nt frget that he visited me n that day, and sat there fr I dn't knw hw lng, while I was under the influence f a mrphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly frm ur clse friendships, but they are nt a matter f calculable gain r lss.
Our age, what we might call the age f ecnmics, is strngly influenced by tw types f relatinships that reflect the lives we are encuraged t lead. There are cnsumer relatinships, thse that we participate in fr the pleasure they bring us. They are fcused n the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there are entrepreneurial(商业的) relatinships, thse that we invest in, hping they will bring us sme return.
Aristtle thught that there were three types f friendship: thse f pleasure, thse f usefulness, and true friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “Tt is nt fr their character that men lve ready-witted peple, but because they find them pleasant.” Abut the usefulness friendships, he said, “Thse wh lve each ther fr their utility (效用) d nt lve each ther fr themselves, but because f sme gd which they get frm each ther.”
Althugh we benefit frm ur clse friendships, these friendships are nt a matter f calculable gain and lss. Cnsumer pleasures are lasting fr nly a limited time. They surrund us fr a shrt perid and then they fade, like a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads t the victry f persnal gain.
It is precisely the nn-ecnmic character that is threatened in a sciety in which each f us is ffered nly the chices f wnership, shpping, cmpetitin and grwth. It is threatened when we are led t believe that friendships withut bvius recgnizable gain are, in the ecnmic sense, irratinal (不合理的). Friendships are nt withut reasn, perhaps, but they are certainly withut that particular reasn. Shared experience, nt just everyday amusement r advancement, is the true basis f friendship.
17. The authr mentins his peratin in the first paragraph t ______.
A. recall ne f his best friendsB. advise peple t visit sick friends
C. intrduce the tpic f true friendshipD. talk abut the experience f surgery
18. Cnsumer relatinships center n ______.
A. the sharing f jy and srrwB. mutual supprt in times f truble
C. persnal gain r persnal lssD. immediate pleasure
19. The authr tries t persuade readers t accept his argument by ______.
A. explaining three types f friendshipB. discussing questins
C. analyzing causes and effectsD. prviding examples and facts
20. The authr seems t supprt the idea that ______.
A. friendships are a matter f calculable gain r lss
B. there are n specific reasns fr friendship
C. shrt-term pleasure is the center f friendship
D. everyday amusement is the true basis f friendship
21. The best title fr the text wuld be ______.
A. Friendship in Mdern TimesB. Friendship in Ecnmic Recessin
C. Friendship in the Age f EcnmicsD. Friendship in a Fast Paced Life
【答案】17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了经济时代的友谊。作者通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。
17. 目的意图题。根据第一段When I was 17 years ld I had surgery because f a disease. The day after the surgery, I awke t find a friend f mine sitting in a chair acrss frm my bed. I dn't remember much abut his visit. But I will nt frget that he visited me n that day, and sat there fr I dn't knw hw lng, while I was under the influence f a mrphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly frm ur clse friendships, but they are nt a matter f calculable gain r lss.“当我17岁的时候，我因为一种疾病做了手术。手术后的第二天，我醒来发现我的一个朋友坐在我床对面的椅子上。关于他的来访我记得不太清楚了。但我不会忘记他那天来看我，在我注射吗啡的影响下，他在那里坐了不知道多久。我们从亲密的友谊中获益良多，但它不是一件可以计算得失的事情。”由此可知，作者在第一段提到了他的手术，是为了介绍真正友谊的话题。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中There are cnsumer relatinships, thse that we participate in fr the pleasure they bring us. They are fcused n the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters.“还有消费者关系，我们参与其中是因为他们给我们带来快乐。他们专注于现在。真正重要的是能立即带来快乐。”由此可知，消费者关系以即时愉悦为中心。故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Aristtle thught that there were three types f friendship: thse f pleasure, thse f usefulness, and true friendship.“亚里士多德认为有三种类型的友谊:愉悦的，有用的，和真正的友谊。”由此可知，作者试图通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。故选A。
20. 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Friendships are nt withut reasn, perhaps, but they are certainly withut that particular reasn. “友谊也许不是没有理由的，但他们肯定没有那个特殊的理由。”由此可知，作者似乎支持友谊没有具体原因的观点。故选B。
21. 标题判断题。根据最后一段中It is precisely the nn-ecnmic character that is threatened in a sciety in which each f us is ffered nly the chices f wnership, shpping, cmpetitin and grwth. It is threatened when we are led t believe that friendships withut bvius recgnizable gain are, in the ecnmic sense, irratinal (不合理的).“在一个我们每个人只能选择所有权、购物、竞争和发展的社会中，受到威胁的恰恰是非经济性质。当我们被引导去相信，没有显而易见的好处的友谊从经济意义上讲是非理性的时候，友谊就受到了威胁。”由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是《经济时代的友谊》。故选C。
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Just as Thans wiped ut half f the universe’s ppulatin by clicking his fingers, s clicks f nline shppers have destryed large numbers f nce bming brick-and-mrtar shps (实体店).
The emergence and ppularity f nline shpping indicates the darkest hur f physical stres. Reading the prfit annuncements f large retail stres like Walmart and RT-mart is abut as frustrating as a tur f an ICU (intensive care unit). The Internet is apparently taking dwn yet anther industry. The Chinese Census Bureau released data shwing that nline sales hit the target f mre than 500 billin RMB in “Duble 11” this year.
Althugh many think the dwnfall f sme physical stres arises frm their failure t keep up with times, it desn’t fit the fact that they made every endeavur t reinvent themselves. As the CEO f Carrefur based in China nce put it, “We had been scratching ur heads. We used the internet-cnnected tls t innvate abut everything ur branches did frm managing stck f gds, marketing t getting paid.” On tp f that, they delivered gds t huses free f charge. They maximized their staff’s hspitality twards custmers. But hspitality paled in cmparisn t the great cnvenience the nline shpping has brught. Walmart in Hangzhu used drnes (无人机) t drp what custmers had bught during the lckdwn f Cvid-19.
Sme struggling physical stres have pened nline stres, such as Suning, s peple will cme t them directly rather than t Tmall, Taba and JD platfrms. But even if they get nline traffic, they are just struggling t make enugh mney nline t cmpensate fr what they are lsing ffline. Their narrw range f prducts catering t the needs f custmers is their Achilles’ heel.
Despite the disadvantages physical stres are having, the brick and click cmpetitin wn’t disappear in the freseeable future. Will nline shpping cntinue t be David? Maybe Gliath can turn the table. Wh knws?
22. The underlined wrds in Paragraph 2 intend t ________.
A. clarify what intensive care is
B. stress the imprtance f hspitals
C. shw physical stres’ pr finance
D. aruse readers’ interest in e-shpping
23. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. The dwnfall f physical stres.
B. The use f internet-cnnected tls.
C. The great effrts physical stres made.
D. The applicatin f advanced technlgy.
24. What can we infer abut Suning frm the furth paragraph?
A. It lacks prduct diversity.
B. It never makes ends meet.
C. It is nted fr its nline clicks.
D. It makes mre prfit than Tmall.
25. In which sectin f a website can we prbably read the text?
A. Space explratin.B. Cultures and custms.
C. Shpping guidance.D. Opinins and viewpints.
【答案】22. C 23. C 24. A 25. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要议论了实体店在现在的诸多劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。
22. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Internet is apparently taking dwn yet anther industry. （显然，互联网正在摧毁另一个行业。）”可知，作者描写“as frustrating as a tur f an ICU（就像参观重症监护室(ICU)一样令人沮丧）”为了更加生动形象说明实体店经济的不佳。故选C项。
23. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Althugh many think the dwnfall f sme physical stres arises frm their failure t keep up with times, it desn’t fit the fact that they made every endeavur t reinvent themselves.（虽然很多人认为一些实体店的衰败是因为他们跟不上时代，但这并不符合他们竭尽全力重塑自我的事实。）”可知，第三段主要讲述了实体店为改善现状做出的巨大努力。故选C项。
24. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Their narrw range f prducts catering t the needs f custmers is their Achilles’ heel.（他们迎合顾客需求的产品种类有限，这是他们的致命弱点。）”可知，苏宁缺少产品多样性。故选A项。
25. 推理判断题。根据全文内容可，文章主要议论了实体店在现在的诸多劣势及实体店为改变劣势而做出的诸多尝试。文章最后一段“Despite the disadvantages physical stres are having, the brick and click cmpetitin wn’t disappear in the freseeable future.( 尽管实体店存在诸多劣势，但在可预见的未来，实体店和实体店之间的竞争不会消失。)”有确定的观点。所以可以推断，本文在网站的“意见和观点”部分可以阅读到。故选D项。