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新高考英语一轮复习讲练测专题04 动词的时态和语态 第4讲 -被动语态(练)(2份打包,原卷版+教师版)
展开姓名________________ 得数___________________
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每个1分,共20分)
1. [2021·安徽省皖南八校高三第一次联考] During the secnd Sin-Japanese War (1937-1945 ), Chiang Kai-shek’s gvernment fled t Chungking, and the Headquarters ______(ccupy) by Wang Jingwei.
【答案】was ccupied
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。第二次中日战争(1937-1945)期间,蒋介石政府逃到重庆,总部被王精卫占领。此处ccupy是谓语动词,与主语the Headquarters是被动关系,此处主语是专有名词,指总统府,是单数,根据时间状语During the secnd Sin-Japanese War (1937-1945 )可知,用一般过去时,故填was ccupied。
2. [2021·宁夏银川一中高三第三次月考]Sme families in the United States prefer t eat meat and ptates. Grits (粗玉米粉) _______ (eat) by families in the suthern United States.
【答案】are eaten
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。在美国南部,许多家庭都吃粗玉米粉。陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时。主语Grits与谓语动词eat构成被动关系,应用被动语态,grits为复数,谓语动词也应用复数形式,故填are eaten。
3. [2019·上海卷] The female turtles never visit the nest again t take care f the eggs that ______ (depsit) in the warm sand.
【答案】were depsited
【解析】考查时态和语态。雌海龟再也不会到鸟巢里去照顾落在温暖沙滩上的蛋了。本句是个定语从句,设空处所给词是做从句的谓语,the eggs与depsit之间是被动关系,龟蛋放置在温暖的沙滩上是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态were depsited。故填were depsited。
4. [2021·江西省赣州市会昌县七校高三联合月考]The new reprt ________ (call) the "Wrld Scientists' Warning f a Climate Emergency."
【答案】is called
【解析】考查时态和语态。这份新的报告被称为“世界科学家对气候紧急情况的警告”。描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时;“新的报告”和“称为”之间是被动关系,用被动语态。所以填is called。
5. [2021·云南师范大学附属中学高考适应性月考卷(三)]On the traditinal Chinese lunar calendar, a year is divided int 24 slar terms. The slar terms_______ (create) thusands f years ag t guide agricultural prductin.
【答案】were created
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。节气在几千年前就有了,用来指导农业生产。根据后文“thusands f years ag”可知,应用一般过去时,且主语“The slar terms”与谓语动词构成被动语态。故填were created。
6. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查(一)】Smene nce said."Habits are like a cable (电缆线).We frm it little by little every day and sn it cannt 56. (break)."
【答案】be brken
【解析】考查语态。句意:我们每日为其编织一股,不久它便不容易断裂。句中it代指cable,与break之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be brken。
7. 【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查(一)】Mre energy 60. (spend) in the first few minutes f lift-ff than was used ver the next several days t travel half a millin miles.
【答案】was spent
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在发射的前几分钟所消耗的能量,比接下来几天飞行50万英里所消耗的能量还要多。根据句中时态可知,用一般过去时。主语energy与spend之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was spent。
8. 【2021届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】China's navigatin satellite system37.(name)after "Beidu”,which carries the meaning f "pinting ut the right directin."China started cnstructing the BeiDu Navigatin Satellite Experimental System(BDS-1)back in 1994,and nw it cnsists f 55 satellites and can prvide services wrldwide.
【答案】is named
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:中国的导航卫星系统以“北斗”命名,意为“指明正确的方向”。name after:以…命名,此句描述的是一个事实,且主语navigatin satellite system与name之间是被动关系,故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为is named。
9. 【江苏省徐州市(市区部分学校)2021届高三9月学情调研】With seasnal temperatures breaking recrds almst every year, tree species 36. (expect) t adapt t the changes by slwly shifting their ppulatin centers nrthward.
【答案】are expected
【解析】考查语态。分析句子tree species ___1___ (expect) t adapt t the changes可知,本句中的expect的宾语是tree species,故本句中要用被动语态。因为expect sb/sth. t d…,而sth/sb. be expected,故本空要填are expected。
10. 【江苏省徐州市2021届高三上学期期中】 Clrful lights 38.(prduce) when the uter sphere f the atmsphere is disturbed by slar wind.
【答案】are prduced
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:当大气外层受到太阳风的干扰时,就会产生五颜六色的光。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故应用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为clrs,谓语动词应用复数。故填are prduced。
11. The sales figure ( tw millin cpies)______ (annunce) by Penguin Randm Huse last Friday.
【答案】was annunced
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:企鹅兰登书屋上周五公布了这一销售数字(200万册)。sales figure 与annunce之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态,last Friday表明用一般过去时,故填was annunced。
12. We _____ (drive) up, dwn and arund them by an experienced Arabian driver.
【答案】were driven
【解析】考查时态语态。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,“我们”和“驱使”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填were driven。
13. The qualities f whisky cme frm the water which __________ (use) t make it the rich "peaty"(多泥炭的) water f Sctland.
【答案】is used
【解析】考查被动语态。此处是指水被用来制作威士忌酒,且描述客观事实,主语为单数,故用一般现在时的被动语态is used。
14. A 3D printer (place)inside the rbt t create the desired shape.
【答案】is placed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:3D打印机被放置在机器人内部,以创建所需的形状。本句谓语place与主语构成被动,且描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为单数,故填is placed。
15. There’s just ne big prblem: smartwatches are unprtected and can ______ (damage) easily.
【答案】be damaged
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:有一个大问题,智能手表如果没有保护措施的话,很容易遭到损坏。分析句子可知,damage与主语为动宾关系,故用被动语态,接在情态动词之后,故用be动词原形,故用be damaged。
16. But even mre than 600 years after it ______ (build),it’s still managing t serve up surprises.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查语态。句意:但即使是在它建成600多年后,它仍能带来惊喜。根据句意,此处应使用被动语态,再根据even mre than 600 years after可知,应使用一般过去时。故填was built。
17. By that time,she ________ (accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the U.S..
【答案】had been accepted
【解析】根据by that time可知,此处用过去完成时,she与accept之间为被动关系,故填had been accepted。
18. It's fun fr amateurs t try, but t becme gd at it, nt nly years f practice but als natural talent ________ (need).
【答案】is needed
【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。“nt als...”作主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系,故用is needed。
19. A newbrn baby wuld ________ (dress) in a gwn fr his first year r tw. Then he was “breached(穿裤礼)” and wre articles f clthing like shrts. The usual custm is that a by graduates t trusers arund eight years ld.
【答案】be dressed
【解析】考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态。
20. As a freigner, I ________ (absrb) and charmed by the genuine warmth f welcme and unique culture during the trip.
【答案】was absrbed
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景,故应用一般过去时;由语境可知,作者被吸引住了,故应用被动语态。
Ⅱ.单项选择(每个1分,共15分)
1.【2019·江苏】33.They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 fr the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will installB. will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选B。
2.【2019·天津】8.Amy, as well as her brthers, ____________ a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
A. is givenB. are given
C. was givenD. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时,排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
3.【2018·北京】9. A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh _________ in the muntains fr tw days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“wh ___ in the muntains fr tw days”是定语从句,修饰tw turists,tw turists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
4.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句s I have t wash my clthes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
5.【2018·江苏】30. I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan _______ in the past tw years.
A. had been carried ut B. wuld be carried ut
C. is being carried ut D. has been carried ut
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last mnth和in the past tw years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
6. 【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried hme, never nce lking back t see if he _______.
A. was being fllwed B. was fllwing C. had been fllwed D. fllwed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和fllw是动宾关系,即他被别人跟踪,排除B/D;根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上,他从未回头看是否被跟踪”,用过去进行时最合适,故选A。句意:他匆匆忙忙往家
赶,就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
7.(2020·江苏镇江·高三三模)By the end f 2020, as is clearly stated, pverty relief wrk ________ acrss the cuntry.
A.will have accmplishedB.has been accmplished
C.has accmplishedD.will have been accmplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:到2020年底,全国扶贫开发工作将基本完成。根据By the end f 2020可知主句的时态为将来完成时,且主语为pverty relief wrk,因此要用被动语态。故选D项。
8. 【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, mst families had just ne phne at hme, and wireless phnes _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在美国20世纪50年代的时候,大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话,并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态,排除AC,事情发生在过去,与现在无关,不用现在完成时,排除B,故选D,过去完成时的被动语态。
9. 【2015·北京】22.--Did yu enjy the party?
--Yes, we ___by ur hsts.
A. were treated B. wuld be treated. C. treated D. had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你喜欢这个聚会吗?——是的,我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时;且we和treated是动宾关系,用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选A。
10. 【2015·天津】9. Despite the previus runds f talks, n agreement______ s far by the tw sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reachD. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意:尽管之前多轮谈判,但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语s far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系,根据句意可知选A。
11. 【2015·福建】26.T my delight, I ___frm hundreds f applicants t attend the pening ceremny.
A. was chsenB. was being chsen C. wuld chse D. had chsen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意:让我高兴的是,我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态,又因为被选中是过去发生的事情,这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述,故用一般过去式,故选A。
12. I am a better reader this year than I was last year because I ________ t hundreds f new cncepts and ideas.
A. have expsed B. had been expsed C. have been expsed D. was expsed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:今年我比去年更擅长阅读,因为我接触了数百种新的概念和想法。由上文可知“阅读”的动作发生在去年,延续到今年,并对现在产生了影响,故应为现在完成时。Expse“暴露;揭发”为瞬间性动词,此处现在完成时需改为延续性动词表示“接触”的状态,故用be expsed。综上本题最终选C。
13. 【江苏省镇江市2019届高三一模】32.An exhibitin with 885 cultural relics t be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery.
A. was held B. wuld hld C. has hld D. will be held
【答案】D
【解析】句意:午门画廊将展出885件文物。上文中的t be displayed表将来,故本句为一般将来时。且主语An exhibitin与谓语动词hld构成被动关系,故用will be held。故选D。
14. ----D yu like the mbile game Traveling Frg?
----Yes, the psts abut the virtual green frg ver 4 millin times.
A. have read B. have been read
C. wuld be read D. are reading
【答案】B
【解析】B考查现在完成时被动语态。句意:--你喜欢移动游戏青蛙吗?--是的,关于虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。The psts和read是被动关系,用被动语态,“已经被阅读过了”用完成时态,故选B。
15.Abut 3.000 Chinese students will g t universities in America this year, plus 200 wh _____ earlier fr graduate and pstgraduate studies.
A. admit B. are admitted C. have been admitted D. had been admitted
【答案】C
【解析】句意:加上早些时候因为毕业和研究生学习而被录取的200名学生,今年大概会有3000名学生去美国上大学。此处表示的是“已经被录取的”故用完成时态的被动语态较为适合,故选C
III.【过关练】高考真题(每个1.5分,共15分)
1.(2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷语法填空)"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it means we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68. (cnstruct) ."
【答案】is cnstructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语cnstruct与主语the mn之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the mn是单数,故填is cnstructed。
2.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)And,as mre children were brn,mre fd 59.(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。fd为不可数名词。故填was needed。
3. (2018浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend wh'd lived here fr five years and I (shck) when I learnt she hadn't cked nce in all that time.
【答案】was shcked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我感到很震惊”,shck与主语I为被动关系,同时根据后面的learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填was shcked。句意:我还记得访问过一个住在这里5年的朋友,当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候,我很震惊。
4. (2017全国I卷)When fat and salt (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
【答案】are remved
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时,由于主语fat and salt是复数概念,且与remve是被动关系,所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are remved。句意:当脂肪和盐被从食物中除去时,食物的味道就好像它缺少某种东西一样。
5.(2017全国II卷)Steam engines (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers,with all the smke and nise.
【答案】were used
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。steam engines与use是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。句意:用冒着烟雾和带有噪音的蒸汽机拉马车,这对乘客来说一定是相当不愉快的体验。
6. (2017全国III卷)Sarah (tell) that she culd be Britain's new supermdel, earning a millin dllars in the next year.
【答案】has been tld/was tld
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿,可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。句意:有人告诉萨拉,她可能成为英国的新超级名模,下一年可以赚一百万美元。
7. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】be made
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。be made 根据语境可知,筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be dne。
8. 【2016·全国新课标I】S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research, I_____62_(allw)t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allwed
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物, be allwed t d sth“被允许做某事”。
9. 【2016·上海】(B)In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness.
【答案】has been regarded
【解析】考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以来,该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用,且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。
10. 【2016·四川】The giant panda 41 (lve) by peple thrughut the wrld.
【答案】is lved
【解析】句意:大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,The giant panda是单数第三人称形式,故填is lved。
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