新高考英语一轮复习练习考向11 句子成分与简单句和并列句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习练习考向11 句子成分与简单句和并列句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习练习考向11句子成分与简单句和并列句原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习练习考向11句子成分与简单句和并列句解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。

1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American cuntry music has becme mre and mre ppular.（名词）
We ften speak English in class.（代词）
One-third f the students in this class are girls.（数词）
T swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smking des harm t the health.（动名词）
The rich shuld help the pr.（名词化的形容词）
When we are ging t have an English test has nt been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary t master a freign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks. He has caught a bad cld. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, becme, get, lk, grw, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher f English is an American.（名词）
Is it yurs?（代词）
The weather has turned cld.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty ne?（数词）
His jb is t teach English.（不定式）
His hbby（爱好）is playing ftball.（动名词）
The machine must be ut f rder.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is ver.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abrad.（表语从句）
4.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went t see an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended nt t see me.（不定式短语）
I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their mnitr.
5.宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dngming.（名词）
They painted their bat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
6.定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词）
There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）
His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）
He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Hw abut meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.（原因状语）
I shall g there if it desn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives n the third flr.（地点状语）
She put the eggs int the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictinary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder.（目的状语）
He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She wrks very hard thugh she is ld.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
8.同位语：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Mr. Smith, ur new teacher, is very kind t us.（Mr. Smith是主语ur new teacher的同位语,指同一人）
Yesterday I met Tm, a friend f my brther's.（a friend f my brther's是宾语Tm的同位语，指同一人）
【典例示例】
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1. The students gt n the schl bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer yur questin after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting tgether early in the mrning.
6. His jb is t train swimmers.
7. He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is ging t be an American film tnight.
9. He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.
10. His wish is t becme a scientist.
答案：
1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；
考向二 简单句与并列句
一、句子种类分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years ld; She didn’t hear f yu befre.
2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：D they like skating? Hw ld is he? Is he six r seven years ld? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, bys; Dn’t talk in class
4）感叹句：Hw clever the by is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g. He ften reads English in the mrning.
Tm and Mike are American bys.
She likes drawing and ften draws pictures fr the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, r等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g. Yu help him and he helps yu.
The future is bright; the rad is trtuus. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g. The freign visitrs tk a lt f pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
二、简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We wrk.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bught a dictinary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bught me a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tm made the baby laugh.
注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
三、并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, nt nly…but als…, neither…nr…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is Jhn.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有r, either…r…, therwise等。e.g. Hurry up, r yu’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, hwever, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way f making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有s, fr, therefre等。e.g. August is the time f the year fr rive harvest, s every day I wrk frm dawn until dark.
【典例示例】
1.Practice mre， yu’ll learn English better.
A. rB. sC. andD. but
【答案】C
【解析】句意：多练习，你的英语就能学得更好。r 否则，或者；s因此；and和，与;于是，然后;but 但是。空格前后为顺承关系，故选C。
2.Dn’t g t crwded places， yu may have the flu easily.
A. and B. but C. r D. s
【答案】C
【解析】句意：不要去拥挤的地方，否则你可能会很容易得流感。and 并且；but 但是；r否则；s所以。根据句意知选C。
3.Ging t the mvies is gd， I really nly like listening t music.
A. and B. but C. sD. r
【答案】B
【解析】句意：去看电影很好，但是我真的仅仅喜欢听音乐。and和；but但是；s所以；r或者。根据句意可知两句是转折关系，故选B。
4.I dn’t knw .
A. where can we buy the tickets
B. hw much it csts t fly t Shanghai
C. wh is he waiting fr
D. why was he late fr schl this mrning
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我不知道飞到上海的费用是多少。宾语从句只能用陈述语序，所以选B。
5.—Can yu tell me yur parents at hme?
—I ften wash clthes and sweep the flr.
A. hw will yu help B. hw yu help
C. hw yu will help D. hw d yu help
【答案】B
【解析】宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A、D两项。答语用了一般现在时，所以所填写句子也用一般现在时，排除C项。
6.We didn’t g hme the ld man was sent t the hspital.
A. untilB. when C. while D.whether
【答案】A
【解析】nt... until“直到……才”。句意为“直到把老人送去医院，我们才回家”。故选A。
7.—D yu like sprts?
—Yes，I d sme running in the park every day the weather is terrible.
A. ifB. after C. unlessD. while
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你喜欢运动吗? ”“是的，如果天气不糟糕，我就会每天在公园里跑步。”由此可判断答案选C。
8.We can talk with friends n the Internet it’s easier and cheaper.
A. thughB. asC. rD. but
【答案】B
【解析】句意为“我们可以在网上与朋友们聊天是因为它既容易又便宜”。as用作连词表示原因。答案选B。
9.The girl is a nice girl we all want t help her.
A. such;that B. t;t
C. s;that D. very;that
【答案】A
【解析】选项D不构成词组，首先排除。t... t句型中t后接动词原形，本句为主从句的形式，故排除B。such a nice girl=s nice a girl，排除C。答案选A。
10. there were nly five sldiers left at the frnt， they went n fighting.
A. Because;sB. If;and C. Thugh;butD. Thugh;/
【答案】D
【解析】由句意知，虽然前线只有五位战士，但他们继续战斗。答案选D。
【检测训练】
1. Dn’t be t hard n yur daughter. ________, she is nly a child.
A. After allB. First f allC. In allD. Abve all
2. The speech the minister made n TV________ the educatin refrm made bth teachers and students excited.
A. being cncernedB. t cncernC. cncernedD. cncerning
3. The number f Chinese wh escaped pverty ________ fr mre than percent f the wrld's impverished peple, measured by the pverty threshld set by the Wrld Bank.
A. accuntedB. accuntingC. were accuntedD. having accunted
4. Many scientists feel that the current climate changes ________ frm the heavy pllutin.
A. ariseB. aruseC. riseD. raise
5. ________, yu will get used t the life here and have yur understanding f life.
A. As time ging byB. With time g by
C. As time ges byD. With time ges by
6. ________ that he understands what is t be dne.
A. Making sureB. T make sureC. Make sureD. Having made
7. Wuld yu please ________ ur party?
A. d me a favr attendingB. d me the favr t attend
C. d me the favr attendD. t attend
8. ________ the telephne number several times，but he culdn’t learn it by heart.
A. He had been tldB. Having been tld
C. Althugh he had been tldD. Having tld
9. He desn’t think that the plan is practical, _____?
A. des heB. desn’t heC. is itD. isn’t it
10. --- ________bargaining is always such great fun?
---Usually peple cnsider it a test t see wh can stand their grund lnger.
A. What is it thatB. Why is it thatC. What it is thatD. Why it is that
11. If yu want t learn mre abut it,________ here.
A. clickingB. clickC. clickedD. t click
12. ________useful infrmatin yu gave me! Thank yu very much.
A. WhatB. What a
C. What anD. Hw
13. —Happy Teachers' Day! Here are sme flwers fr yu.
—________beautiful the flwers are! Thank yu.
A. HwB. Hw aC. WhatD. What a
14. ________up, r yu 'll be late fr schl again.
A. T hurryB. Hurry
C. HurryingD. Hurried
15. ________ buy yur ticket frm a ticket machine. There are lts f peple there.
A. NtB. Nt t
C. Dn’tD. Dn’t t
16. —Lk! ________ clean the classrm lks!
—Yes. I’m sure smebdy ________ it up.
A. What; has cleanedB. Hw; has cleaned
C. What; cleanedD. Hw; cleaned
17. ________ exciting news! We’ve never had ________ lng vacatin befre.
A. What; such aB. What an; such a
C. Hw; such aD. What; s
18. --- What d yu think I shuld d?
----________yur teacher’s advice, in my pinin, and everything will be OK.
A. FllwB. FllwingC. t fllwD. Fllwed
19. Yu can't imagine ________great danger the firefighters were faced with when they tried t put ut the big fire.
A. whichB. hwC. whetherD. what
20. I tld yu that every effrt paid ff and yu shuld stick t yur gal, ________?
A. didn’t IB. shuldn’t yuC. isn’t itD. didn’t it
21. Few f them hurt themselves in the accident last night, __________?
A. dn’t theyB. didn’t theyC. did theyD. d they
22. —Yu wuldn’t mind my pening the windw, wuld yu?
— ________, just g ahead.
A. Yes, I wuldn’tB. N, I wuldC. Yes, I wuldD. N, I wuldn’t
23. —_____?
— He has been preparing fr his final exams. Gd luck t him.
A. What has he been up t recentlyB. What’s wrng with him
C. Hw lng has he been hereD. Hw ften des he have exams
24. James eventually made it hme after a lng jurney, ?
A. was heB. did heC. didn't heD. wasn't he
25. Lse ne hur in the mrning ________ yu will be lking fr it the rest f the day.
A. butB. andC. rD. s
26. Befre driving, please _______ yur safety belt.
A. fastB. fasterC. t fastenD. fasten
27. Last week, I _________ my grandfather, because I was busy with the exam.
A. dn’t visitB. didn’t visitC. wasn’t visitD. aren’t visit
28. _____ yur parents ______ yu a present fr yur birthday every year?
A. Des; giveB. Are; giveC. D; giveD. Are; gives
29. —What d yu think f China?
—__________ different life is tday frm__________ it used t be.
A. Hw, whatB. What, whatC. Hw, thatD. What, that
30. When Miss Beria speaks in class, we have t keep quiet, ________?
A. d we?B. dn’t weC. des sheD. desn’t she
31. I dn’t think what he said at the meeting makes any sense, ____________?
A. d IB. dn’t IC. desn’t itD. des it
32. ______ dwn the TV—Granny is sleeping in the next rm.
A. TurningB. T turnC. TurnedD. Turn
33. ______ fd yu’ve cked! Thank yu fr yur treat.
A. Hw a niceB. What a niceC. Hw niceD. What nice
34. —Yu can't finish the bk in less than an hur, I suppse?
—______. I wn't break my prmise, yu knw.
A. Yes, I'm sure I canB. N, but I can
C. Srry. I make yu disappintedD. Hwever, I've tried my best
35. _________ he _________ himself there? N. I dn't think s.
A. D, enjyB. Des, enjiesC. Des, enjysD. Des, enjy
36. Mr. Black ften _________ fishing n Sunday, _________ he?
A. ges; desn'tB. ges; isn’tC. desn't g; dcsD. desn't g; is
37. --- Smith des nt g fishing n weekdays, _________ ?
--- _________, he des.
A. des he. NB. des he. YesC. desn't he. ND. desn't he. Yes
38. —_______ Tm ____ t wrk hard t help his family?
—Yes , he _________.
A. Has, × . hasB. Has, × , des
C. Des, has , hasD. Des, have, des
39. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day befre yesterday, ________ she?
A. hadB. did
C. hadn'tD. didn't
40. Dn’t waste time any mre, ________ yu will regret later.
A. rB. butC. andD. then
41. Yu’d better nt stay utdrs in this kind f weather, ______ yu?
A. dB. dn’tC. hadD. hadn’t
42. There wn’t be mre pllutin in ten years, _______?
A. is itB. will itC. will thereD. des it
43. The bss desn’t allw the clerks t smke in the ffice, ________?
A. des heB. desn’t heC. is heD. isn’t he
44. Be careful with yur passprt and mney when yu are in a freign cuntry, ________?
A. will yuB. can yuC. aren’t yuD. dn’t yu
45. Dn’t frget t give Plly sme fd and change her water, ______?
A. will yuB. shall weC. wn’t yuD. d yu
46. He’s still nt understd by his clse friend althugh he has said srry t him, _________?
A. hasn’t heB. has heC. isn’t heD. is he
47. ——Yu’ve never seen dinsaur eggs, have yu?
——_________. Hw I wish t visit the Dinsaur Wrld.
A. Yes, I haveB. N, I haven'tC. Certainly, I haveD. Of curse, I haven't
48. The pack f pencils t ur schl wasn’t delivered, ______ it?
A. didB. didn’tC. wasD. wasn’t
49. We can hardly tell what life withut the Internet will be like in the future,________?
A. can weB. can’t weC. will itD. wn’t it
50. The sick man’s allwed t take a walk in the garden every day, _____________?
A. isn’t heB. hasn’t heC. is heD. wasn’t he