新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题一8-阅读之说明文（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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【命题趋势】
说明文在高考中一直处于主导地位，其特点：词汇量和长难句比其他体裁的文章多，学生只要账务相关词汇，熟悉句式句型，基本上不会有问题。以下是近两年真题和模拟试题，学生可以集中练习。
1.【2021年6月浙江卷】
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（图像）f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face n images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dge simply distinguish between the pictures based n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth," said study authr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the successful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Line Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans. "T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins," and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
28. The new study fcused n whether dgs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense f human faces
C. feel happy r angry D. cmmunicate with each ther
29. What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B. Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C. Pictures used in the tw stages were different
D. The dgs were phtgraphed befre the lest.
30. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. A suggestin fr future studies. B. A pssible reasn fr the study findings.
C. A majr limitatin f the study D. An explanatin f the research methd.
2.【2021年全国甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly.B. Cntrversial.C. Ambitius.D. Successful.
5. What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A. She lves staying with her mther.B. She dislikes utdr activities.
C. She is in gd cnditinD. She is sensitive t heat.
6. What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A. They had their first brn in January.B. They enjyed explring new places
C. They lived with their grandmthers.D. They were brught t the reserve yung
7. What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
3.【2021年全国乙卷】
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins-nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal , still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
·Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang Krea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: Octber 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: Octber 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A. 104,944.B. 107,601.C. Abut 150,000.D. Abut 250,000.
22. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.B. Beaver Stadium.C. Ohi Stadium.D. Kyle Field.
23. What d the listed stadiums have in cmmn?
A. They hst big games.B. They have becme turist attractins.
C. They were built by Americans.D. They are favred by architects.
4.【2021年全国乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24. What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?
A. Their target users.B. Their wide ppularity.
C. Their majr functins.D. Their cmplex design.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit.B. Argue.
C. Remember.D. Remark.
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
5.【2021年全国乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art.
D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming.B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
6.【2021年全国乙卷】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
32 Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
33. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.D. Cnstant interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
7.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934 better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.
C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
8.【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps t exercise a persn’s mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
9.【2021年1月浙江卷】
At the start f the 20th century, an American engineer named Jhn Elfreth Watkins made predictins abut life tday. His predictins abut slwing ppulatin grwth, mbile phnes and increasing height were clse t the mark. But he was wrng in ne predictin: that everybdy wuld walk 10 miles a day.
Tday, in Australia, mst children n average fall 2,000 steps shrt f the physical activity they need t avid being verweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent f children walked t schl, while in 2010, it was as lw as 15 per cent.
The decline is nt because we have all becme lazy. Families are pressed fr time, many with bth parents wrking t pay fr their huse, ften wrking hurs nt f their chsing, living in car-dependent neighbrhds with limited public transprt.
The ther side f the cin is equally a deprivatin: fr health and well-being, as well as lst pprtunities (机会) fr children t get t knw their lcal surrundings. And fr parents there are lst pprtunities t walk and talk with their yung schlar abut their day.
Mst parents will have eagerly asked their child abut their day, nly t meet with a “gd”, quickly fllwed by “I’m hungry”. This is als my experience as a mther. But smewhere ver the daily walk mre abut my sn’s day cmes ut. I hear him making sense f friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental pprtunity t hear mre.
Many primary schls supprt walking schl-bus rutes (路线), with days f regular, parent-accmpanied walks. Ding just ne f these a few times a week is better than nthing. It can be tugh t begin and takes a little planning — running shes by the frnt dr, lunches made the night befre, umbrellas n rainy days and hats n ht nes — but it’s certainly wrth trying.
24. Why des the authr mentin Watkins’ predictins in the first paragraph?
A. T make cmparisns.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T supprt her argument.D. T prvide examples.
25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?
A. Plain laziness.B. Health prblems.
C. Lack f time.D. Security cncerns.
26. Why des the authr find walking with her sn wrthwhile?
A. She can get relaxed after wrk.
B. She can keep physically fit.
C. She can help with her sn’s study.
D. She can knw her sn better.
10.【2021年1月浙江卷】
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a “vcabulary” f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
“That’s what’s s amazing abut chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal’s call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signalling: “Climb n me.” The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther’s back and they travel ff tgether. “The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappinting”.
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains.”
27. What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A. Memrizing specific wrds.
B. Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C. Using vices t cmmunicate.
D. Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
28. What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A. It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B. It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D. It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
29. What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference.B. Cnflict.
C. Balance. D. Cnnectin.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B. Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D. Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
11.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24. Why des the authr like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B. It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C. It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding f neself.
25. What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B. It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C. It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D. It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26. What des the underlined wrd ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allwance.D. Face value.
27. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He lves petry.B. He’s an editr.C. He’s very ambitius.D. He teaches reading.
12.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.D. Ding regular exercises.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
13.【2020年全国卷Ⅰ】
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. ＂We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw（发光）in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light, abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff ＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce（电源）— such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway — a lt f energy is lst during transmissin（传输）. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water. B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin. D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
14.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence. B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl. D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
25.What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin. D. Child-parent relatinship.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd. B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgist D. A teaching prgram.
15.【2020年全国卷Ⅱ】
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (时装）enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have（shwcased）nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species（物种）.It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashin. Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—1 think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She trying t cme up with a lable t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
28. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
29. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What des the underlined wrd “cllapsed” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Bmed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abuf wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
16.【2020年全国卷Ⅲ】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts(支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin," said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic ResearchD. The Wrld’s Best Divers
17.【2020年新高考卷Ⅰ】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）, it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly（表面上）participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly abut? （ ）
A. Fd safety. B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand. D. Eating behavir.
13. What des the underlined wrd "beanples" in paragraph 1 refer t? （ ）
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persns.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actr? （ ）
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
15. On what basis d we "adjust the influence" accrding t the last paragraph? （ ）
A. Hw hungry we are. B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers. D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
18.【2020年7月浙江卷】
I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers. T d this I have searched thrugh dzens f plays t find the nes that I think best shw the pwer and purpse f the shrt play.
Each play has a theme r central idea which the playwright（剧作家）hpes t get acrss thrugh dialgue and actin. A few characters are used t create a single impressin grwing ut f the theme. It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright. Hwever, a variety f types is represented here. These include cmedy, satire, pignant drama, histrical and reginal drama. T shw the versatility（多面性）f the shrt play, I have included a guidance play, a radi play and a televisin play.
Amng the writers f the plays in this cllectin, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Andersn, Thrntn Wilder, William Saryan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins t the theater. Mre infrmatin abut the playwrights will be fund at the end f this bk.
T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience. The huselights dim（变暗）. The curtains are abut t pen, and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue will tell yu the stry.
21. What d we knw abut the authr frm the first paragraph?
A. He has written dzens f plays.B. He has a deep lve fr the theater.
C. He is a prfessinal stage actr.D. He likes reading shrt plays t thers.
22. What des the authr avid ding in his wrk?
A. Stating the plays’ central ideas.B. Selecting wrks by famus playwrights.
C. Including varius types f plays.D. Offering infrmatin n the playwrights.
23. What des the authr suggest readers d while reading the plays?
A. Cntrl their feelings.B. Apply their acting skills.
C. Use their imaginatin.D. Keep their audience in mind.
24. What is this text?
A. A shrt stry.B. An intrductin t a bk.
C. A play review.D. An advertisement fr a theater.
19.【2020年7月浙江卷】
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn’ t flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9：30 am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9：33 am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9：37 am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city, just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US：intersectin（十字路口） signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.
Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
25. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Increased length f green lights.B. Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing f traffic signals.D. Smth traffic flw n the rad.
26. What des Kevin Balke say abut adaptive signals?
A. They wrk better n brad rads.
B. They shuld be used in ther cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic n the rad.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriusly jammed.
27. What can we learn frm Bellevue’ s success?
A. It is rewarding t try new things.B. The ld methds still wrk tday.
C. It pays t put thery int practice.D. The simplest way is the best way.
20.【2020年7月浙江卷】
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating（刺激）, demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive（认知）functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise,” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk — sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It’s nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’ s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating（协调）,” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries.”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns — including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the vlunteers t take the tests?
A. T assess their health status.B. T evaluate their wrk habits.
C. T analyze their persnality.D. T measure their mental ability.
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s wrds.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By referring t anther study.D. By intrducing a cncept.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
21.【2020年1月浙江卷】
Milwaukee, Wiscnsin, is rad testing a new way t keep winter rads ice-free — by spreading n them cheese brine, the salty liquid used t make sft cheeses, like mzzarella.
Wiscnsin, als called “America’s Dairyland,” is famus fr its cheese. The state prduced 2.8 billin punds f cheese last year! As a result, there was a lt f leftver cheese brine. Dispsing f (处置) the brine can be expensive. S what shuld cheese makers d with the waste?
Nrmally, twns use rck salt t de-ice streets. The salt lwers water’s freezing pint, causing ice t melt (融化). But using cheese brine culd help bth cheese prducers and cities save mney, while keeping rads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water’s freezing pint.
In additin t saving mney, cheese brine culd als be a mre ec-friendly ptin. Many peple suspect that all the rck salt used every winter is harming the envirnment.
Rck salt is made f sdium chlride, the same cmpund (化合物) in rdinary table salt. Sunds harmless, right? But while yu prbably add nly a small amunt f salt t yur fd, rad crews spread abut 20 millin tns f salt n U.S. rads every year!
The chemical washes ff rads and ges int the grund. There it can pllute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away sil. By spreading cheese brine n streets befre adding a layer f rck salt, Milwaukee may be able t cut its rck salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a dwnside t — a smell similar t that f bad milk. “I dn’t really mind it,” Emil Nrby tld Mdern Farmer magazine. He wrks fr ne f Wiscnsin’s cunty highway cmmissins and came up with the idea f using cheese brine. “Our rads smell like Wiscnsin!” he said.
24. Why can cheese brine help keep winter rads ice-free?
A. It is sft.B. It cntains salt.
C. It is warm.D. It has milk in it.
25. What is a benefit f using cheese brine n rads?
A. Imprving air quality.B. Increasing sales f rck salt.
C. Reducing water pllutin.D. Saving the cheese industry.
26. Milwaukee’s new way t de-ice streets may be an example f ______.
A. barking up the wrng treeB. putting the cart befre the hrse
C. rbbing Peter t pay PaulD. killing tw birds with ne stne
22.【2020年北京卷】
Baggy has becme the first dg in the UK—and ptentially the wrld—t jin the fight against air pllutin by recrding pllutant levels near the grund.
Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.
Cnventinal air pllutin mnitrs are nrmally fixed n lamppsts at abut nine feet in the air. Hwever, since Baggy stands at abut the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently recrds pllutin levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Envirnment A gency.
The dggy data research was the idea f Baggy's 13-vea-ld wner Tm Hunt and his dad Matt. The English yungster nticed that pllutin levels are arund tw-thirds higher clse t the grund than they are in the air at the height where they are recrded by the agency. Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasise that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very prud" f his sn because “when the by gets an idea, he keeps his head dwn and gets n with it, and he really des want t d sme gd and stp yung kids frm getting asthma."
“Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. A but ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin？'S we did it."
Tm said, "Mst f the time, Baggy is just like any ther dg. But fr the rest f the time she is a super dg, and we are all really prud f her."
34. With a mnitr n her cllar, Baggy can ____________.（ ）
A. take pllutant readings B. recrd pllutant levels
C. prcess cllected data D. reduce air pllutin
35. What can we learn frm the Baggy data? （ ）
A. High places are free f air pllutin. B. Higher pushchairs are mre risky fr kids.
C. Cnventinal mnitrs are mre reliable. D. Air is mre plluted clser t the grund.
36. What is Tm's purpse f ding the research? （ ）
A. T wan f a health risk. B. T find ut pllutin surces.
C. T test his new mnitr. D. T prve Baggy's abilities.
37. Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Tm Hunt?（ ）
A. Mdest. B. Generus. C. Creative. D. Outging.
1.【2021届湖南省教育联合体高三7月联考】
They call it the “rule f 150”. An anthrplgist(人类学家)called Rbin Dunbar made a study f 21 different primitive scieties. He fund that they all lived in villages f arund 150 peple. Then he asked peple living in mdern cities t make a list f all the peple they knew well enugh t talk t. Each f them made a list f arund 150 peple. Many f us have left village life behind. But the idea f the village has nt left us.
Other studies f businesses and army units have shwn that when peple are frced int grups f ver 150 they becme inefficient. There are just t many peple arund t cmmunicate with effectively. It als seems that when ur persnal “villages” becme t small, peple feel lnely. We need ther peple t help us.
Many peple see life as a kind f jurney. As they travel they pick up things they need. These are friends, a family and jbs. This is a narrw way f lking at things. It des nt explain why peple wh get gd jbs and becme rich are ften unhappy.
Using the “rule f 150”, we can see things differently. Instead f being a lnely traveler, yu are the head f yur wn village. Yu are respnsible fr every part f village life. Getting a gd jb helps with the “ecnmic develpment f yur village. But yu als need t pay attentin t the scial harmny f yur village.
Many peple think that happiness is abut winning a race. The winner gets a great jb, a perfect family and a lt f mney. The lser shuld expect t be unhappy. The “rule f 150” teaches us that happiness cmes with getting the right balance f relatinship in ur lives.
In a cmpetitive sciety it is easy t judge peple accrding t the kind f jb they have r hw much mney they make. In fact, we are all the bss f ur wn villages. This is a difficult jb. It is wrthy f yur respect.
24．What des the figure “150” relate t?
A．The size f a grup.B．The number f grups.
C．The amunt f wrk.D．The number f primitive scieties.
25．What is the authr’s pinin abut “seeing life as a kind f jurney”?
A．It nly refers t rich peple.B．It desn’t include village life.
C．It can’t cver all pssibilities in life.D．It may bring abut unhappiness.
26．What d yu d as the head f yur wn village?
A．Take a lng jurney with the ther villagers.
B．Cmpete against thers t achieve happiness.
C．Use the “rule f 150” t imprve the village life.
D．Deal prperly with the peple and things arund yu.
27．What is the “rule f 150” discussed in the text mainly abut?
A．The jurney f life.B．Relatinship in ne’s life.
C．The way t lk at things.D．The cmpetitive sciety.
2.【2021届广西钦州市第一中学高三开学摸底】
Antixidants (抗氧化剂) in cffee are thught t help prtect against strke — but t much must raise bld pressure, which increases the risk, accrding t Japanese researchers. Similarly, green tea culd als be beneficial fr preventing the shcking event, caused when a bld vessel(血管) in r serving the brain is blcked.
The study lked at the drinking habits f mre than 83,000 healthy adults, aged 45 t 74, whse health was tracked fr 13 years n average. They fund that peple wh drank at least ne cup f cffee a day had abut a 20 percent lwer risk f strke, cmpared t thse wh rarely drank it. T get an equal effect, abut fur cups f green tea a day were required.
All results were adjusted t take int accunt differences between the grups in age cmpsitin, gender, smking, alchl, weight, diet and exercise. Dr. Yshihir Kkub, lead authr f the study, published in the jurnal Strke, said, “The regular actin f drinking tea and cffee, largely benefits cardivascular (心脏血管的) health.”
Their results fr cffee were similar t that f “study f studies”, presented at a Eurpean cnference, which fund that ne t three cups a day was assciated with a 14 percent reductin. Fr three t six cups, there appeared t be a similar but weaker assciatin, but there was n benefit frm drinking six r mre.
Exactly why cffee and green tea appears t lwer strke risk is unclear, althugh antixidants are thught t be at wrk. Hwever, the science is by n means cut and dried. Caffeine raises bld pressure, and there have been indicatins that t much cffee can raise strke risk because f this.
Dr. Dale Webb, frm the Strke Assciatin said, “We welcme this study which suggests that the benefits f antixidants in cffee and green tea may ffset the ptential harm frm caffeine.” He thught, the results shw higher cnsumptin f green tea and cffee might reduce the risks f strke. “We wuld like t see further research t understand these findings,” he said.
28．What may lead t a strke accrding t the first paragraph?
A．Higher bld pressure.B．Drinking a cup f cffee a day.
C．Blcked bld vessels in the brain.D．Antixidants.
29．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．The study mainly fcuses n middle­aged peple.
B．Drinking ne cup f cffee a day benefits health.
C．Thse wh seldm drink cffee are healthier.
D．Drinking tea cntributes t strke.
30．What is the attitude f Dr. Dale Webb tward this study?
A．He saw mre findings f this study unsatisfiedly.
B．He understd the difficulty f this study.
C．He appreciated the achievements f this study.
D．He was disappinted t find n fllwing research.
31．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Drinking cffee raises bld pressureB．Drinking tea reduces strke
C．Drinking cffee equals drinking teaD．Drinking tea r cffee prperly matters
3.【2021届江西省景德镇一中高三8月月考】
When ur ancestrs were peasants in the earliest days f agriculture, the daily schedule was: wrk in field all day, eat midday meal in field, cntinue wrking in field. Tday, after centuries f human advancement, it ges smething like: wrk in cffee shp all day, buy and eat lunch there, cntinue tiling away n laptp until the sun sets. Thugh it may seem like the tech bm and gig ecnmy(临时工经济) led the way in this mdern mbile wrk style, wrking and dining have always been intertwined. In majr cities like New Yrk, Washingtn D．C．, Sydney and Hng Kng, restaurants are changing int fficial c-wrking spaces during ff-peak hurs.
Dr. Megan Elias, directr f the gastrnmy prgram at Bstn University, says fd and business have been linked since as far back as the ancient Sumer (wh established civilizatin as we knw it arund 4000 B．C．) “What we think f as street fd has always been part f human civilizatin,” she says. “There have always been marketplaces where humans came tgether t cnduct sme kind f business — like trading grain, trading animals r building huses. As lng as there have been marketplaces, peple have been eating at them while als ding business.”
The first example f a brick-and-mrtar “restaurant” came during the merchant ecnmy in the 15th and 16th centuries, accrding t Elias. During this stage in Eurpean, African, and East and Suth Asian histry, inns allwed merchant businessmen t rest — and f curse, eat — thrughut their travels. During the clnial era f the 1600s and 1700s, cncrete examples f American restaurants emerged as “Cffee Huses”. Cffee Huses were places that had newspapers, which at the time were very small and cmmercial," authr and scial histrian Jan Whitaker explains.
Cffee huses remained tradesman staples thrughut the early 19th century, with simple menu items like rlls and meat pies. Mre “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within hmes fr nn-traveling flk. But, when the U.S. began industrializing in the 1840s and peple stayed near wrkplaces during the day, eating establishments ppped up arund factries.
“Industrializatin f the city is als restaurantizatin f the city,” Elias says. “Places sprung up t serve a business lunch crwd and an after-wrk dining crwd again, still ding business.”
8．Hw des the authr mentined ur ancestrs in paragraph1?
A．T make cmparisnsB．T present figures.
C．T raise questinsD．T give examples
9．When did restaurants begin t prvide nt nly eating but sheltering?
A．arund 4000 B．C．B．in the 15th and 16th centuries.
C．During the 1600s and 1700s.D．In the early 19th century.
10．What can we learn abut Cffee huses?
A．Newspapers were prduced there first.
B．The fd served there was limited at first.
C．They were especially ppular arund factries.
D．It was a perfect place fr entertainment and eating.
11．What can be best title f the text?
A．the functin f eating ut.B．The slw frmatin f the mdern city.
C．the evlutin f the restaurant.D．The age f mre wrk, less eating.
4.【湖南省汨罗2021届高三入学考试】
The ryal family is filled with rules, and ne in particular might explain why Princess Charltte is a princess, but her kids likely wn't be.
When it cmes t the British ryal family, ne thing is almst always true: they have a pretty cnfusing set f fficial rules and prtcls. Fr instance, the ryal family desn't have a last name. And dn't frget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates tw birthdays every year.
If yur head isn't swimming yet, cnsider the traditin f ryal titles. As a British custm, nly the daughter f a prince r a prince's wife may be cnsidered a frmal “princess”. The latter applies t Kate, wh is bth a princess and the Duchess f Cambridge thanks t her marriage t Prince William, the Duke f Cambridge. And their children, Prince Gerge and Princess Charltte, als bear fficial ryal titles because their father is Prince William.
Hwever, while Prince Gerge's future children will als carry their father's ryal status, any children that Princess Charltte has will nt autmatically be cnsidered princes r princesses. Why? Ryal custm dictates that ryal titles are passed dwn via sns, but nt daughters.
Hwever, while Prince Gerge's future children will als carry their father's ryal status, any children that Princess Charltte has will nt autmatically be cnsidered princes r princesses. Why? Ryal custm dictates that ryal titles are passed dwn via sns, but nt daughters.
"Ryal titles are inherited thrugh sns, s if Princess Charltte has children they wuld nt autmatically inherit the titles (his r her ryal highness) HRH, Prince, r Princess,” Lucy Hume, assciate directr f etiquette experts Debrett's, tld Twn& Cuntry.
Of curse, exceptins can (and will!) be made. (Learn abut every time the British ryal family brke their wn prtcl.) The Queen has ffered HRH status t ther ryal ffspring in the past, including the children f Queen Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Althugh Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess Charltte will be extended the same ffer when her wn children are brn.
12．What's the meaning f the underlined wrd "prtcl" in the secnd paragraph?
A．Prmise.B．Behavir.C．Manners.D．Cnnectin.
13．What kind f child is regarded as "princess"?
A．The sn f a princess.B．The daughter f a prince.
C．The daughter f a princess.D．The wife f a king.
14．Wh is Charltte's father?
A．Prince Gerge.B．Elizabeth.C．Prince William.D．Captain Philips.
15．What des the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Any persn can break traditinal rules.
B．Nt every persn must bey traditinal rules.
C．Any British ryal family member has their wn title.
D．Maybe the British ryal family will break their wn rules.
5.【2021届安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试】
While walking thrugh sme remte frest in Indnesia’s West Sumatra, sme bilgists claim t have sptted the wrld’s largest flwer ever recrded.
The flwer is a giant Rafflesia tuan-mudae, a species that nly cmes ut fr abut seven days at the end f the plant’s lifespan. The recrd flwer measured in at a diameter f 111 centimeters, which makes it larger than the previus recrd hlder by 4 centimeters, als a Rafflesia tuan-mudae. “This is the largest Rafflesia tuan-mudae that has ever been dcumented,” said Ade Putra at the Agam Cnservatin Agency in Sumatra.
The flwer is characterized by its flesh-clred petals (花瓣) that are cvered in white spts. That might nt sund like the mst attractive descriptin, but it’s prper cnsidering the smell this species is knwn t give ff. Rafflesia tuan-mudae is a type f special flwer, which smells like a dying bdy. Dn’t let this fact lessen the glry f a find like this, hwever. What the flwer lacks in fragrance makes up fr its appealing bilgy.
The pungent smell is meant t attract flies, which are this flwer’s main pllinatrs (传粉者). Interestingly, it’s still a mystery as t what type f animal distributes the tuan-mudae seeds. These plants als grw inside the rt f a hst plant fr arund nine mnths until suddenly shwing themselves t the wrld with their giant smelly flwers.
They were named “Rafflesia” after a British clnist (殖民者), Sir Stamfrd Raffles, wh was the first t fficially identify ne in the early 19th century. Hpefully fr Raffles’ sake, it was named after him t hnr the discvery, nt because f the gd sir’s smell.
Luckily, it takes a special kind f scientists t run tward ne f these flwers rather than away, but in this case the prize was wrth the smell. Whatever its smell, it’s a special plant, and it’s encuraging that such rare natural wnders can still find rm t grw n ur crwded planet.
8．What was the diameter f the previus recrd hlder f the biggest flwer?
A．111 centimeters.B．104 centimeters.
C．107 centimeters.D．115 centimeters.
9．What des the underlined wrd “pungent” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Strng and unpleasant.B．Relaxing and sft.
C．Fragrant and sharp.D．Pleasant and attractive.
10．What is the main idea f the fifth paragraph?
A．When the flwer was fund.B．Where the flwer was fund.
C．Hw the flwer was named.D．Why the flwer was s special.
11．Hw des the authr find the discvery?
A．Nervus.B．Frtunate.C．Annyed.D．Satisfied.
6.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】
There are many ptins fr free vide cnferencing (会议) apps. Here’s ur shrt list f the best nes, where they shine and where they fall shrt.
Ggle Hanguts
The free vide chat app frm Ggle is a great example f a cnsumer-grade app. It integrates with Gmail and Ggle Calendar, making it easier fr users t perate.
Up t 10 participants can jin the live cnference with a plug-in applicatin. And as it desn’t supprt dual stream vide and cntent, sme users cmplain that the vide is nt clear r reliable.
Skype
The app, develped by Micrsft, gives 10 users access t a cnference. It’s wrth nting that Micrsft is integrated with Skype.
A plug-in applicatin is required. Advanced features are fascinating, but nly available fr paid subscriptin.
Zm
The free vide cnferencing slutin frm Zm prvides a service fr grup vide calls with ver 100 participants. The Zm Basic plan allws users t have 40-minute calls with a handful f features like screen sharing, lcal recrding and camera filters.
A plug-in applicatin is necessary. All calls, which are limited t 40 minutes r less, are secured.
Lifesize
Lifesize has been in the vide cnferencing industry fr lng. By setting up a free accunt with Lifesize, yu can quickly start a free vide call with up t 25 participants. It is web-based and desn’t require dwnlads r an applicatin n yur devices. Guests can jin the live call right frm the website by clicking n yur persnal meeting ID link.
T use the additinal features like 300-way calling, Micrsft integratins and 4K vide cnference rm systems requires a paid subscriptin.
1．Which aspect f Ggle Hanguts is nt satisfactry?
A．User capacity.
B．Vide quality.
C．User-friendliness.
D．Technical supprt.
2．Which app ffers a ten-minute cnference service with 30 peple fr free?
A．Ggle Hanguts.B．Skype.C．Zm.D．Lifesize.
3．What is special abut Lifesize?
A．It integrates with Micrsft.
B．It is cmpletely free f charge.
C．There is n time limit t its cnferences.
D．N applicatin is needed fr participants.
7.【广东省深圳市高级中学2021届高三模拟】
Bstn wants t be smarter. The city has taken advantage f technlgies t becme mre respnsive t its residents' needs. But technlgy alne is nt sufficient t make tday's cities liveable. Bstn has discvered that it als needs t reach the ld-fashined lw-tech cmmunity and integrate that technlgy with city life.
Kris Carter rlled ut Bstn's smart city prgram in 2014. It started with an App that residents culd dwnlad t reprt lcatins where sidewalks needed repair. The city srted ut thse reprts and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used t priritize their wrk.
The system wrked beautifully, except fr ne prblem: mst f the alerts(警报) came frm wealthier neighbrhds, where the cncentratin f smartphne - equipped residents was highest. ＂The cmplaints frm the App didn't always crrelate with the greatest cmmunity need fr repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's grup has mved away frm the mdel cmmn t many smart city initiatives f letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the prcess. Instead, they run meetings t find ut what prblems peple in different neighbrhds care abut slving. When it came t sidewalks, Bstn intrduced a secnd methd f cllecting repair tips, hiring peple t get ut and walk the city's 1,700 miles f sidewalks t take ntes n their cnditin.
Whether using lw-tech r high-tech appraches, says Carter, t stay smart, a city needs t cntinually reassess its ptins t spt pprtunities t imprve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair prgram, walking n the streets was prved a useful, if inefficient way t priritize repair needs. But last year the grup fund that walkers' mbile phnes culd be tracked as they mved alng the streets, and that data culd be analyzed t identify sidewalk rutes which are mst ften used by neighbrhds.
“Cmbined with ur ther sidewalk infrmatin, that gave us an even better way t predict where faster repairs wuld d the mst gd," says Carter,"We're really always lking fr whatever mix f appraches best slves the prblem."
12．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The citizens' life.B．The city's reputatin.
C．The city's management.D．The benefits f technlgy.
13．What prblem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying ut their prgram?
A．They faced many technical bstacles.
B．They culdn't serve all residents well.
C．They were nt supprted by residents.
D．They were annyed by being shrt-staffed.
14．Which f the fllwing might Kris Carter mst agree with?
A．Maximizing the benefits f technlgy.
B．Mixing appraches fr slving prblems.
C．Giving full play t the pwer f residents.
D．Letting tech cmpanies be a leading rle.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Smart City: Mre Than Just Tech
B．A City with Intelligent Facilities
C．Jint-effrt in City Cnstructin
D．The Mdernizatin f a City
8.【2020届四川省天府名校高三5月教学质量联合测评】
I. M. Pei, ne f the best-knwn architects f the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Brn in China, Ieh Ming Pei mved t the United States in 1935 t study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy and Harvard University.
Pei’s wrks arund the wrld include museums, gvernment buildings, htels, schls and ther structures built with stne, steel and glass. One f his best-knwn and mst disputed wrks was built 30 years ag. Pei created a new entrance fr the wrld-famus Luvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent fur mnths studying the museum and French histry. He then drew plans fr a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style f wrk fr the 12th-century building.
A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramids as “an annex t Disneyland”. An envirnmental grup said they belnged in a desert. Others accused Pei f ruining ne f the wrld’s greatest landmarks.
Pei said the Luvre was the mst difficult jb f his career. He argued that he had wanted t create a mdern space that wuld nt take away frm the traditinal part f the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based n the wrks f French landscape architect Le Ntre. They hnred French histry.
The pyramids pened in the spring f 1989. Over the years that fllwed, the structure came t be lved by mst, if nt all, f its critics.
Other well-knwn Pei buildings include the Jhn F. Kennedy Library in Drchester, Massachusetts, the Natinal Center fr Atmspheric Research in Bulder, Clrad, the East Wing f the Natinal Gallery f Art in Washingtn and the Dallas City Hall in Texas. Pei fficially retired in 1990. Hwever, he cntinued t wrk n prjects—including museums in Luxemburg, Qatar and his ancestral hme f Suzhu.
8．What is true abut the entrance created by Pei fr the Luvre Museum?
A．Pei spent fur muths drawing plans fr it.B．There are fur pyramids in ttal.
C．It’s in a style f the 12th century.D．It tk 30 years t cmplete the wrk.
9．What can we infer frm Pei’s wrds in Paragraph 4?
A．The glass pyramids were riginally designed by Le Ntre.
B．The glass pyramids were based n the French landscape.
C．The glass pyramids were in harmny with the Luvre.
D．The glass pyramids reflected bth French and Chinese style.
10．What were mst peple’s attitudes twards Pei’s pyramids years after its pening?
A．Indifferent.B．Puzzled.
C．Critical.D．Favrable.
11．What d we knw abut Pei accrding t the passage?
A．He was hardwrking, ptimistic and easyging.
B．He spread Chinese traditinal architecture t the wrld.
C．He created many great wrks bth in China and ther cuntries.
D．He was the mst utstanding architect f the 20th century.
9.【2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考】
The 2019 Wrld Cnference n VR Industry shws that Virtual Reality （VR） technlgy can be used t revlutinize peple's experiences in practically any field．
Held in Nanchang frm Oct． 19 t 22， the annual cnference attracted mre than 300 experts， leading schlars and cmpany principals frm ver 30 cuntries． The theme f this year's Wrld Cnference n VR Industry was "VR+5G tr a new age f insight．" Cnferences and exhibitins， which hsted mre than 2，000 cmpanies frm acrss the wrld， were held during the event．
As China intrduces 5G this year， experts and industry insiders said that the VR industry will hug the new era． "We will take the lead in VR technlgy creativity． Fr example， the technlgy has already been applied successfully t this year's Natinal Day parade． The ppularity f the technlgy amng yunger generatins f users guarantees a large ptential market， said Gu Ping， representative f Huawei．
In 2018， Oral Rberts University in the USA pened a new Glbal Learning Center， which has classrms equipped with 360-degree cameras n the wail， which fllws and recrds prfessrs as they teach． Thrugh an app n the smart phne， students can see images in 3D and manipulate （操纵）them．
In May 2019， a VR theme park pened t the public in Lndn． Cvering abut 13，000 square meters with 120 sets f advanced VR equipment， the park attracts thusands f visitrs every day．
During the 22nd Asian Music Festival， the musical Eight made its secnd appearance． Eight is a unique fusin f music， theater， VR technlgy and visual art， in which audience members wear VR headsets t walk thrugh and manipulate an equipment． The shw tells a petic stry f an ld wman lking back n her life and it lasts fr 15 minutes．
12．What des this year's Wrld Cnference suggest？ ______
A．VR technlgy can be used nly with 5G．
B．VR technlgy can change peple's lives．
C．China's 5G technlgy will take the lead．
D．Mre VR theme parks will be pened t public．
13．Why is Gu Ping cnfident abut VR technlgy？ ______
A．Because it attracts experts t cperate．
B．Because it has a large verseas market．
C．Because yung custmers have interest in it．
D．Because it has changed hw t teach and learn．
14．What des the underlined wrd " fusin'' in the last paragraph refer t？ ______
A．researchB．prcess
C．cmbinatinD．type
15．Which is the best title f the passage？ ______
A．China Is Leading the Way in the Wrld
B．VR Technlgy Develpment in China
C．5G Technlgy： China Mves Ahead Quickly
D．The Bright Future f VR in Diverse Fields
10.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】
Has the vlume in a restaurant ever made yu finish yur meal early? If s, yu're nt alne. Restaurants handle diners in varius ways t influence fd chices and cnsumptin, frm lighting t menu t server presentatin. Unfrtunately fr thse headache-prne restaurant gers, sme places als chse t turn up the tunes and the backgrund nise.
Chef Mari Batali is ften blamed fr the phenmenn f very lud r nisy restaurants in the 1990s, when he decided t fld the dining rm with the same lud tunes he was playing in his kitchen. And ther chefs fllwed suit. Sme restaurateurs felt a "livelier" atmsphere encuraged mre custmers t dine there, and a side "benefit" was quicker table turnver, thus increasing the number f peple wh culd dine in a specific evening.
A 1985 study ut f Fairfield University lked at hw chewing speed varied accrding t the type f music being played. Althugh the vlume level was kept the same fr bth musical situatins, it's imprtant t nte that fast-temp (节奏) music ften gives the impressin f being luder than slwer music.
"A significant increase in the number f bites per minute was fund, and the effect was largest fr fast music," the researchers wrte in the study. S, the faster, luder music gets peple t dwn their fd mre quickly, relieving the table fr future custmers.
There are pinins abut whether r nt this is a sund practice. "A restaurant that places prfit abve dining experience ften plays lud music with a fast temp that puts diners under pressure t eat mre quickly, even if that means they're less able t enjy their meal," writes Dr. Neel Burtn in Psychlgy Tday, adding that lud, fast music reduces appetite.
What's mre, sme wuld-be repeat diners will shy away fr fear f anther very lud meal. The nn-prfit grup Actin n Hearing Lss fund in a 2016 survey f nearly 1,500 peple that 91% f thse wh view a restaurant as t nisy wuld chse nt t return.
4．Why did sme bsses f the restaurants favur lud music?
A．It might help attract mre custmers.
B．It was the favrite kind f music f them.
C．It made the restaurants sfter and sweeter.
D．It culd increase the ppularity f their chefs.
5．What plays the mst imprtant rle in the effect f music n diners accrding t the passage?
A．Its cntent.B．Its length.
C．Its speed.D．Its quality.
6．What is Dr. Neel Burtn's attitude twards flding restaurants with nisy music?
A．Dubtful.B．Disapprving.
C．Psitive.D．Objective.
7．What culd be a suitable tile fr the text?
A．What Peple Think f Lud Restaurants?
B．Are Custmers t Blame?
C．Hw Restaurants Imprve Themselves?
D．Des Lud Music Really Benefit Restaurants?