新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题03-名词（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题03-名词（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题03-名词原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题03-名词解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题趋势】
近几年高考完形填空和语法填空中中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。建议考生在复习中注意名词的变形和基本用法。
【重要考向】
一、名词的数；
二、名词作定语；
三、名词所有格；
考向一
名词的数
【典例】
【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】
The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ______ (human) are.
【名词的数提分秘籍】
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­es
desk→desks；dish→dishes stmach的复数形式是stmachs
(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­es
study→studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­ves
leaf→leaves
(4)以字母结尾的名词，多数加­s
pian→pians
(5)单、复数同形
sheep；deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词
wrks(工厂)；means(方法)
有一些例外情况：
(1)巧记以结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negr，her，tmat和ptat四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(rf)保险箱(safe)里的证据(prf)。
2．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名词＋f＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece f paper一张纸；several pieces f infrmatin几条信息。
通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如cmfrt，luck，rain，energy等。
3．一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如：
beauty(美，美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
hnur(光荣)→an hnur(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
wrry(担心)→a wrry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smke(烟)→a smke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数名词。如：
cffee(咖啡)→a cffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
irn(铁)→an irn(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：cmfrt(安慰)→cmfrts(舒适的设施)；jy(乐趣)→jys(乐事)；difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难，难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：have a lk(看一下)；a few，a little(一些)；all f a sudden(突然)；make a study f…(对……进行研究)；in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5．有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词
a rm(房间)→rm(空间)；a wrd(话，词)→wrd(消息)；a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间);g t schl/church/bed/ cllege，etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。
6．有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, infrmatin, furniture，equipment，baggage/luggage，bread, hmewrk，husewrk，juice，weather，prgress，practice等。
7．常见复合名词的复数
lker­n→lkers­n旁观者；passer­by→passers­by过路人；
father­in­law→fathers­in­law岳父；cmrade­in­arms→ cmrades­in­arms战友；g­between→g­betweens中间人；grwn­up→grwn­ups成年人；stre­keeper→stre­keepers店主；tth­brush→tth­brushes牙刷。
8．英语中集合名词的”数”有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；plice警察；peple人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peples)；yuth青年人(yuths指青年们)。
(2)“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/luggage行李；clthing衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。
(3)有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复数用，且形式不变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；gvernment政府；grup组；team队；class班级；audience听众。
考向二
名词作定语
【典例】
【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】
In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ______（marry）ceremny in 1842.
【名词作定语提分秘籍】
1．名词作定语时，几乎总是用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。如：radi prgrams电台节目。
2．man/wman作定语修饰名词时，随名词的单复数变化一起变化。如：a man dctr一名男大夫；tw men dctrs两名男大夫。但girl与by作定语仍用单数形式，如many by students许多男学生。
3．还有少数名词作定语时，形式不变。如：a clthes shp一个服装店；a sprts man一位运动员；a custms fficer一位海关官员；a gds train一列货车；a sales manager一个营销经理；a savings ffice一个储蓄所。
考向三
名词所有格
【典例】
【2021浙江卷语法填空】
It is calculated by dividing a ______ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
【名词作定语提分秘籍】
英语名词的所有格构成如下：
所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：at the dctr’s(clinic)在诊所；t my uncle’s (huse)到我叔叔家；in the manager’s(ffice)在经理办公室；at the barber’s/tailr’s(shp)在理发店/裁缝铺。
另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物”时，只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”；如果表示“各自所有”，则在每个名词后加’s。如：
Lucy and Mary’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自的课桌。
1.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. ______(activity)there range frm whale watching t hiking(远足)and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
2.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
Minimize the impact f ______(visit)the place.
3.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas - bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ______(develp)f the lcal areas.
4.【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and ______ (watchtwer) t fake pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their daily rutines.
5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
The far side f the mn is f particular ______ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
6.【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Chinese New Year is a ______ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
7.【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
Filled with ______ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
8.【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Histrical. ______（accurate）is imprtant but s is entertainment.
9.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】
Later, they learned t wrk with the ______（seasn）, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate（灌溉）their fields.
10.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】
Fr Japan, the ______ (number) are mre striking — 22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.
11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ______ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
12.【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
When they were free frm wrk，they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ______（cmpete）t watch，tgether with the stry behind it.
13.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】
Other American studies shwed n ______ (cnnect) between unifrms and schl perfrmance.
14.【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all ______ (cause).
15.【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
This switch has decreased ______ (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
16.【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a______ (science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.

17.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Making Chinese ______ (dish) is seen as especially trublesme.
18.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between the increase in fd eaten utside the hme and the rise in ______ (weigh) prblems.
19.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】
One study shwed that ______ (wman) wh drank a lt f cffee, like eight r mre cups per day, while they were pregnant were mre likely t have children with birth defects.
20.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity（医学界）as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side ______ (effect) such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
21.【2017全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ______ (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and frm wrk.
22.【2017全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
This develpment was nly pssible with the______ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
23.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
She is determined t carry n with her ______ (educate).
24.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
She has turned dwn several ______ (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.
25.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】
Yu wuldn't think that a few______ (mnth) f exercise in yur teens wuld be enugh fr the rest f yur life, and that's als true fr building yur vcabulary--yu have t keep at it daily, and pretty sn yu will find that yu have an excellent vcabulary.
26.【2017浙江卷语法填空】
Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small ______ (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.
1.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】Thugh making entrance fees cmpulsry will make museums less accessible t sme, many museums d have certain days f the week when ______ (admit) is free.
2.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】When wrking with an amunt f ______ (number), an abacus is practically faster, since it has a better “keybard” than the Western calculatrs.
3.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Anyway, the small abacus has made an utstanding cntributin in the fields f human intellectual develpment, just as the cmputer des in tday’s______ (scial).
4.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】As yu walk thrugh the quicksand, smetimes yu can hear lud nises frm beneath yur ______ (ft).
5.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Accrding t44.______ (fficial), the statin is perated by a smart brain", a high-tech system that uses big data, clud cmputing, artificial intelligence and the Internet f things t prvide varius services fr visitrs while guaranteeing the smth peratin f the statin and reducing the energy 45.______ (cnsume) f the entire building.
6.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Spanish sprt newspaper Marca nted that Wu has answered thse wh dubted his mve t the club and that “ his quick ______ (adapt) t La Liga (西甲) has surprised many peple”.
7.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】It is als imprtant t nte that the greatest ______ (amaze) f the jurney is Chang'e 5's lunar landing site-referred t as the Ocean f Strms-n the near side f the mn, where n prbes (探测器) have paid a visit befre.
8.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】It's gelgically yunger than the sampling ______ (area) f the US and the frmer Sviet missins, s the new sample will help fill in an imprtant piece f the puzzle f the Mn’s histry.
9.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】Abut 80% f Chinese characters are cmpsed f smaller ______ (part), which are cmbined in many different ways t frm tens f thusands f hanzi.
10.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Finally, he asked the princess t make a ______ (chse): either marry the Rainbw Prince, settle dwn and give up dancing, r be put int prisn fr life at the Nrth Ple f the earth.
11.【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】T this day, we can still catch her dancing in the nrthern hemisphere and see ______ (star) falling.
12.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart peple, dynamic interactins, a ______ (willing) t mve and an appetite fr being mdern while embracing diversity and creating a business friendly envirnment.
13.【湖北省2021届高三联考】The return capsule f ______ (China) Chang’e 5 prbe tuched dwn n its preset landing site in Siziwang banner f the Inner Mnglia autnmus regin at 1:59 am n Thursday, bringing back the cuntry’s first samples cllected frm the mn, accrding t the China Natinal Space Administratin (CNSA).
14.【湖北省2021届高三联考】It marked the successful______ (cnclude) f China’s current three-step lunar explratin prgram f rbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, which began in 2004.
15.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】Derlin Newey was in disbelief. “I dn't knw what t say, except thank yu,” said Newey as he held back ______ (tear) f jy.
16.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】“I'm glad t help him,” said Valdez. “We just need t treat peple with ______ (kind) and respect. He stle ur hearts.”
17.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】As China’s “mther river”, the peace and eclgical envirnment f the Yellw River is significant t the sustainable ______ (develp) f Chinese natin.
18.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Their ______ (able) t learn is cmprmised, and they may have difficulty develping scial skills.
19.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】It is the key time fr spring agricultural ______ (activity).
20.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】Gan’s cmpany has been a great success and Gan has received lts f awards fr her______ (achieve).
21.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Andrea Dunn at the Cper Research Institute in Dallas, Texas fund patients wh did daily 35-minute walks per week experienced a 47% ______ (reduce) in their depressin levels.
22.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Fears f an inactive lifestyle and piling n the punds are frcing many t find nvel ______ (way) t mve the bdy and stretch their muscles.
23.【广州2021届高三一模】Tday ______ (visit) can bserve a tea ceremny that might be enugh t change even the mst passinate cffee drinker.
24.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】But in the past, they were canceled three ______ (time)—nce during Wrld War I and twice during Wrld War II.
25.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called the ______ (decide) "heartbreaking" fr athletes, caches and fans, but he agreed that “this was the right call”.
26.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】S in many f these cultures, yu shuld take care f what kind f eye cntact yu initiate with thse wh are yur ______ (superir) r in authrity ver yu, s that yu are nt thught t be disrespectful r rude.
27.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】In Aug 2019, Liang wn the gld medal at the 45th Wrld Skills Cmpetitin in Electrnics in Kazan, Russia, which is the biggest vcatinal educatin and skills excellence event in the wrld, rganized every secnd year by the Wrld Skills Internatinal with an aim t shw the skills and prmte career f______ (yung).
28.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】Mrever, t achieve better results, the researchers suggest ______ (limit) yurself t gentle jgging rather than fast-pace and tiring distance running.
29.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】They fund that the 41. ______ (benefit) f jgging are maximized when dne at an average r even slw pace, and just ne r tw hurs f jgging a week can be enugh fr yu t gain success, regardless f yur age r 43.______(healthy) cnditin.
30.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】The x is cnsidered a symbl f diligence and ______ (sincere).
31.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】But there is a way—taking small ______ (step)and learning new ways f thinking, little by little.
32.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】When he fund the tiny crws n the grund, he went t help. Despite the squawks f alarm frm the______ (adult),Dahlquist managed t scp up the chicks and put them back in the nest.
33.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】In China,______（cnstruct）has begun f the cuntry’s first slar highway, in which slar panels are placed underneath transparent cncrete.
34.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The slar highway is a 2 km stretch（一段）f rad ______（lie）n the Jinan City Expressway, and it’s divided int three layers.
35.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The see-thrugh cncrete prtects a set f slar panels f tw ______size）.
36.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】Tai Chi prvides the mental relaxatin and physical ______ (fit).
37.【山东省菏泽市2021届高三模拟】Quaedvlieg-Mihailvicis, wh heads the heritage grup Eurpa Nstra, nted the ______（imprtant） f such respect.
38.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】In 1956, West Virginia native Marian McQuade was trying t plan a celebratin fr the elderly______ (member) f her cmmunity.
39.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】Anther benefit f cycling is that yu may be mre creative and full f energy nce yu get t wrk, which will imprve yur______ (perfrm).
40.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】It runs n______ (battery) and is prgramed t return t where it started frm when its passenger gets ff.
41.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】Accrding t the study, the accidents f freign bjects in children is generally attributed t ______ (curius).
42.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】This is why many tys cntain ______ (warn) abut small parts.
43.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】As a result, it prvides a terrific full-bdy wrkut, imprving crdinatin, flexibility, balance and muscle______（strng).
44.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】Kataria Laughter Clubs are ppping up in respnse t peple’s need t handle ______ (press).
45.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】Thrugh Western clr and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been lking fr a crssing between Eastern and Western art ______ (style).
46.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Dn't d this in an bvius way because this is annying，but d it withut his awareness f yur ______ (intend)．
47.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】Occupy him with ______ (activity)and appintments.
48.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing 2022 reprted that ______ (cnstruct) f cmpetitin venues(场馆) remained n track t be cmpleted by the end f this year.
49.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】As glbal travel restrictins are likely t remain fr the cming mnths, Beijing 2022 rganizers have decided t cancel a series f test ______ (event).
50.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】Many cmpetitrs spend big mney t get their ______ (hand) n tp-perfrming birds.
51.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】But f all the______ (challenge), making gd friends might be the mst imprtant.
52.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】Researchers fund that thse with strng. clse bnds with their friends at age fifteen were mre likely t be healthy and happy later. Imprtantly, ______ ( ppular), defined as lts f peple liking yu generally but nt clsely, wasn't fund t have the same benefit as clse friends.
53.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】With all the evidence he gathered, Jhn Snw was able t annunce with ______ (certain) that plluted water carried the virus.
54.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】A vide f Xing Lingha, an 18-year-ld blind girl playing Beethven's Pathetique Snata in an internatinal yuth pian ______ (cmpete) in Shanghai, went ppular nline.
55.【河北省2021届高三模拟】Jupiter is als a planet full f ______ (puzzle).
56.【河北省2021届高三模拟】When the spacecraft finally retires, its Earth-bund pilts will send it n a path t dive t its ______ (dead) int the Jupiter's atmsphere.
57.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】Fllwing his recent rise t fame, Rizea has been asked by many ______ (city), including the capital f Rmania t transfrm their ld tree trunks int wrks f art.
58.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】In spite f his bvius talent, the Rmanian ______ (art) recently gt int art schl in rder t fully master wdcarving.
59.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】The sky is dtted with kites f different ______ (design), such as dancing butterflies, bunding dragns, and swimming fish.
60.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】The traditinal Chinese kite expresses ______ (harmnius) between human and nature, a lng – held belief treasured by the Chinese peple.
61.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】After the party I was tld by the fellw teacher that American wmen have a special saying abut ______ (birth).
62.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】A pedestrian lane runs mre than 4,000 ______ (meter) thrugh the trpical frest, ensuring clse cntact with nature.
语意
语意
brains
智力
times
时代
manners
礼貌
hairs
几根头发
gds
货物
sands
沙滩，沙漠
arms
武器
waters
水域，领海
snws
积雪
fruits
水果
glasses
眼镜
papers
论文；试卷；报纸
greens
青菜
custms
海关
pains
努力
wds
树林
构成情况
举例
单数名词后加“’s”
a by’s seat，the student’s bag
以­s结尾的人名只加“’”
Charles’ hme
词尾为­s的复数名词后只加“’”
the girls’ names，
Teachers’ Day
表示时间、距离、机构、团体、地名以及可拟人化的名词后加“’s”
tday’s newspaper，an hur’s wrk，China’s industry
数量词(a，tw，sme，n...)＋名词＋f＋名词所有格
sme friends f
my father’s
名词＋f＋名词所有格(往往含有感情色彩)
the lecture f Mr. Yang’s
注意：无生命的名词(能拟人化的名词除外)可用f表示所属关系。
如：the windws f the classrm，the tp f the muntain。