新高考英语二轮复习教案阅读理解 04 猜测词义（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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解密04 猜测词义的复习要点
【构建知识体系】
【英语学科素养解读】
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
命题解读和近年考点再现
词义猜测题 考点1单词猜测题
1.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
10．What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.
【解析】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【答案】10．D
10．词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
2.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
9. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【答案】 9. C
9. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
3.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.291
29．What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire.B．Exprt.
C．Destry.D．Distribute.
【答案】29．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
29．词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
4.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
25．What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Admit.B．Argue.
C．Remember.D．Remark.
【答案】25．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
5. 【2020·新高考全国II卷（海南卷）】
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手枪）.
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistl t me," I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx."
"What's that?" they asked.
"It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren," I replied,
"Yu dn't have grandchildren," smene said.
"I dn't nw." I replied. "But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them."
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes. students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, "Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx." Frm then n instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn."
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality.
25. What d the underlined wrds "the ffender" in paragraph 8 refer t? （ ）
A. The student's parent.
B. The maker f the Grandma's Bx.
C. The authr's grandchild.
D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
【答案】25．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I wuld return the belnging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。
词义猜测题考点2 猜测短语题
1.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
10. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
2.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
4．What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【答案】4．B
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
3.C【2022·全国甲卷】
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就热爱旅行，渴望探险，她周游世界，并从2008年开始前往南极洲的旅行。
28. A词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further.在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终有了独立的生活”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们独立生活之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思相近。故选A。
4.B【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
5．What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly.B．Lse their way.C．Sleep sundly.D．Miss their mm.
【答案】5．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
5.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A．Be careful!B．Well dne!C．N way!D．Dn't wrry!
【答案】9．B
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
9．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
6. 【2020·全国新课标II】
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.335
33．What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B．Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C．Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D．A clser bnd develped with the readers.
【答案】33．B
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
词义猜测题 考点3猜测代词指代
1.【2020年新高考I卷（山东卷）】
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
7．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Develping a serius mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
7．词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
2.【2020年浙江卷】
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.
Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
10．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Increased length f green lights.B．Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing f traffic signals.D．Smth traffic flw n the rad.
【答案】10．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
10．指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
词义猜测题 考点4 猜测句意题
1.【2019·浙江卷】
Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."
Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社会经济的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.
“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd.
While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.
“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”
24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【答案】24. C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
24． C句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what yu can. Take what yu need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
2.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry
【答案】1．B
【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
1．猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
【高考预测】
纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测全国高考试题还会
①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.6。
②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。
【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力
猜测词义
解密① 如何解决猜测词义题？
【解题中发现规律】
【广东省部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性学习效率检测调研】
When 16-year-ld Grayden Brunet jined the Sackets Harbr, New Yrk, vlunteer fire department in 2017, he was the yungest n the team by 20 years. He was s determined t be fllwing in his dad’s ftsteps that he persuaded tw classmates, Niklas and Daltn, t sign up t.
A few years later, the lder firefighters quit their jbs ver COVID-19 cncerns. Suddenly, the three teens were nt nly helping the Sackets Harbr vlunteer fire department, they were the Sackets Harbr vlunteer fire department. They were the nes respnding t the emergency calls f heart attacks, car accidents, and suicides.And they were the nes wh were respnsible t send COVID-19 patients t hspitals. “We went frm nt even having ur licenses t saving peple’s lives,” Daltn tld the reprter. As far as the teens were cncerned, they culdn’t quit their jbs. If they did, Brunet tld Nrth Cunty Public Radi,“The cmmunity wuld lse the emergency peratrs and the drivers f the ambulance.”
The three f them struggled n alne fr a year until help arrived in the frm f five mre teens, all mtivated t serve their neighbrs in the twn f 1,300 residents.“When they call 911, they’re expecting smene t help them,” says Sphia, wh was 16 when she jined.
The jb is taxing. One night last fall, the crew respnded t tw emergency calls and a fire. They gt hme at 5:30 a.m, just tw hurs befre schl started. “It’s definitely hard cming back frm the calls and having t take an algebra test, Grayden’s yunger brther Gannn said. But these brave teens didn’t mind the hard wrk. As a matter f fact, when callers met their rescuers, a lt f them wuld ask,“Wait, hw ld are yu?” That was what they felt the mst priceless mment.
6．What des the underlined wrd “taxing” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Effrtless.B．Demanding.C．Enjying.D．Helpful.
【答案】 6．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个青少年志愿加入消防部门，一边完成学业，一边参与各项消防工作，为社区提供了极大的帮助。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“One night last fall, the crew respnded t tw emergency calls and a fire. They gt hme at 5:30 a. m., just tw hurs befre schl started. (去年秋天的一个晚上，消防队的全体成员处理了两次紧急呼叫和一起火灾。他们早上五点半回到家，离开学只有两个小时了)”可知，他们的工作强度很大，而且要兼顾学业，是费时费力，要求很高的。由此可知，划线词taxing与demanding(要求高的)意思接近。故选B。
【我的发现】规律方法1： 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题主要集中表现为派生和合成两种形式。有的题需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
【变式精讲】
【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期综合测试】
Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t tun climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand. And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016.Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype. but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin“ by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
15．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.
【答案】 15．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
15．词义猜测题。根据第三段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。故选A。
解密②如何解决猜测短语题?
【解题中发现规律】
【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期综合测试】
A character in ne f Shakespeare’s plays nce said, “Sme are brn great, sme achieve greatness, and sme have greatness thrust upn them.” Any f these culd apply t the mdern-day sprtsmen. Many still argue abut the nature f talent. Sme claim that peple are brn t be sprtsmen, while thers say it is nly thrugh devtin and hard wrk that they achieve their abilities. Arguably thugh, it is nt until their talents are acknwledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upn them.
With this acknwledgement f their “greatness” cme all the trappings f mdern-day celebrity: mney, pwer, influence and respnsibility. Fr better r fr wrse, like it r hate it, mdern sprtsmen are the rle mdels f children everywhere. These children will grw up admiring their heres, devting their lives t cpying their every mve, and wanting abve all t be like them. Due t this fascinatin, particularly with the massive influence f the media, it is mre imprtant than ever fr these sprtsmen t acknwledge their respnsibility.
In the past few mnths alne, there have been many examples f questinable behavirs frm sprts stars f the present day. They are ften mirrring the very wrst aspects f sciety, a fact that the self-righteus (自以为是的) anger f the mdern press has been quick t pint ut. It wuld be wrng fr us t expect sprtsmen t be perfect. It wuld als be wrng fr us t think that their behavir is markedly different frm the sprtsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye f mdern media it is a different wrld, and different standards must be expected.
Of curse, there is n duty fr sprtsmen t be gd rle mdels. There are n prisn sentences, n fines, n cmmunity service—unless their behavirs are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up t them as t whether r nt they think their behavir is apprpriate. Furthermre, measuring the true influence their decisins have n their fllwers is abslutely impssible. Sme will rise against their idls, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actins. Others may cpy their heres’ actins, using them as a shield when accused f the same crimes.
It is withut dubt that the actins f sprtsmen will influence the lives f thse wh wrship them. Mdern day sprtsmen are almst ideals f tday’s wrld, and their actins are watched carefully by millins ver the wrld. Sme may cmplain against it, denying their influence n these children’s lives. Others may be aware f it but nt respect it, while many may bth be aware f it and respect it. In a wrd, yu d nt chse whether yu are a rle mdel. All yu can d is t decide hw t act when greatness is thrust upn yu.
7．The underlined phrase thrust upn in paragraph 1 mst prbably means ______.
A．put ffB．remved frmC．related tD．frced n
【答案】 7．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Sme are brn great，sme achieve greatness(有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大)”可知，划线短语所在句“and sme have greatness thrust upn them”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，所以thrust upn意为“被迫，强加于”。故选D。
【我的发现】规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
【变式精讲】
【山东省济宁邹城市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】
In an effrt t cntrl the natin’s grwing prblem with fd wastage, Suth Krea has started a unique initiative — “Pay as Yu Trash”. Residents are required t separate their fd waste frm the rest f their rubbish and thrw it separately in a centralized dustbin. And in rder t access the bin, they actually need t pay by the kil!
As f nw, Suth Krea has three methds in place t charge citizens fr the fd thrwn away. One is thrugh an RFID (Radi Frequency Identificatin) card — when users tap this card ver a specially designed fd waste bin, the cap will pen. This waste is autmatically weighed and recrded in the user’s accunt. The user needs t settle this bill n a mnthly basis. The secnd billing methd is thrugh pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based n vlume. Fr instance, in Seul, a 10-liter garbage bag csts arund $1. There’s als a bar cde management system in place, in which citizens thrw fd waste directly int cmpst bins and pay fr it by purchasing bar cde stickers attached t the bin.
Nearly every residential cmplex in the natin is equipped with ne f these three payment systems. Even befre the pay-by-weight system was intrduced, Suth Kreans were still being charged fr fd waste—the cst was simply divided equally amng the residents f each apartment blck. The new system is nt nly fair, but is als designed t make cnsumers really feel the pinch f unreasnable waste. The mre fd they thrw ut, the mre they end up paying.
Citizens like Seul husewife Ms. Kwan are nw adpting innvative methds t avid fd waste. She makes sure t remve all the liquid ut f leftver fd befre thrwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries t make use f as much as the eatable parts as pssible t minimize waste.
11．Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined phrase “feel the pinch” Paragraph 3?
A．Predict the prspect.B．Analyse the cmpnent.
C．Suffer the cnsequences.D．Prpse the slutin.
【答案】 11．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。为了控制韩国日益严重的食物浪费问题，韩国推出了一项独特的举措——“为垃圾买单”。居民们被要求将食物垃圾与其他垃圾分开，分别扔进一个集中的垃圾箱。为了进入垃圾桶，他们实际上需要按公斤付钱！
11．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The new system is nt nly fair, but is als designed t make cnsumers really(新系统不仅是公平的，而且是设计来真正使消费者……)”以及后文“The mre fd they thrw ut, the mre they end up paying.(他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多)”可知，新制度不仅公平，而且旨在让消费者真正承担不合理浪费的后果。因为他们扔掉的食物越多，最终支付的费用就越多。故画线词意思是“承担后果”。故选C。
解密③如何解决猜测指代题？
【解题中发现规律】
【山东省百校联盟大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】
A study dne by University f Michigan researchers fund that shpping t relieve stress was up t 40 times mre effective at giving peple a sense f cntrl and that shppers were three times less sad cmpared t thse wh nly brwsed fr items withut buying.
Mre than half f the 1,000 cnsumers surveyed said they had impulsively (冲动地) shpped t deal with feelings f stress, anxiety r depressin. Twenty-three percent f respndents said they had maxed ut a credit card t relieve stress.
In terms f age, 68 percent f Millennials (千禧一代) said they wuld g shpping when having stress, cmpared t 53 percent f Gen Xers, wh were brn between 1965 and 1976, and nly 26 percent f baby bmers brn after Wrld War Ⅱ.
In regards t genders, 48 percent f men and 31 percent f wmen purchased alchl impulsively when stressed. Eighty-tw percent f wmen spent n clthing cmpared t 52 percent f men. 42 percent f wmen als preferred t buy jewellery, cmpared t 22 percent fr men, with men spending mre fr electrnics 44 percent versus 30 percent fr wmen.
In fact, shpping t reduce stress can actully help yu live a healthier life by making sure that yur bld pressure is lwered. The survey fund that 82 percent had nly psitive feelings abut their purchases and that the psitive md bst was lng-lasting. Shpping t relieve stress is als called retail therapy as a frm f regulating stress. Hwever, the side effect f it can start ut as a relatively harmless md bster but culd pssibly grw int a cmpulsin (冲动) that causes financial cllapse and cnflict, thereby adding a significant amunt f stress t a persn’s life.
14．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The retail therapy.B．The stress regulatin.C．The md bster.D．The shpping survey.
【答案】 14．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了密歇根大学的研究人员进行的一项研究发现，与那些只浏览而不购物的人相比，通过购物来缓解压力的效果要高出40倍，购物者的悲伤程度也要低三倍。同时，通过购物来减轻压力可以让你的血压降低，从而帮助你过上更健康的生活。
14．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线处上句“Shpping t relieve stress is als called retail therapy as a frm f regulating stress.(通过购物来缓解压力也被称为零售疗法，是调节压力的一种形式)”可知，it指代“retail therapy (零售疗法)”。故选A。
【我的发现】规律方法：如何解决猜测指代题？
此类题目应注意代词指代的总原则——代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代
要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言，代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思，问题才能迎刃而解。
【变式精讲】
【江苏省决胜新高考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月大联考】
At Christmas last year, Cathy Wd’s family hme in Manchester was disturbingly quiet. Her daughters, 19 and 21, were revising fr exams. She says she and her husband “hardly saw anything f them…I was a bit fed up.” Bred and frustrated, she bught a 45kg bunch f secndhand clthes, withut knwing what she was ging t d with it.
Wd, a frmer teacher f English, has always lved clthes. At university, Wd hung ut with the fashin students and sewed her wn new rmantic utfits. Wd, nw 62, enjyed shpping fr vintage (老款) clthing and had even discussed getting a shp with a friend, but the rents put them ff. A week r s after the bunch arrived, she bked a stall (货摊) at West Didsbury Makers Market.
Standing at her first market stall was a whlly new experience thugh. “It was very different frm teaching. Yu need just the right amunt f cntact with peple.” Wd sld fur pieces at her first market, which paid fr the stall and left a small surplus (盈余). Nw, she smetimes returns hme with 30 empty cat hangers. But it was the cntact with custmers and fellw traders that she fund mst rewarding. “It’s a lvely envirnment. Yu chat and get t knw each ther. I really enjyed it.” she says.
Smetimes, in quiet mments n the stall, she takes ut her mending and thinks f her mther and grandmther. “My grandmther taught art and crafts, and bth she and my mther spent a lt f time with the sewing machine, teaching me t sew,” “What these clthes d is transprt me back t different times when things were easier fr me. They give me a pleasurable feeling. Nstalgia (怀旧) can be a gd thing in that way.”
After she stpped teaching, she “started t feel like a nn persn”, she says. The market stall “has given me status in my wn mind t be part f the cmmunity, cntributing smething, t be smebdy peple talk t, smebdy peple smile at.”
26．What des the underlined wrd “They” in Para.5 refer t?
A．Her grandmther and mther.B．Art and crafts.
C．The secndhand clthes.D．The gd ld days.
【答案】 26．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位退休英语教师卖旧服装的故事，她在这个过程中重新实现了自我价值。
26．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“What these clthes d is transprt me back t different times when things were easier fr me.”（这些衣服的作用就是把我带回不同的时代，那时候的事情对我来说更容易。）可知，二手衣服把伍德带回到过去美好的日子，由此可知，是过去美好的日子给她一种愉悦的感觉，结合选项可知，“They”代指“过去美好的日子”。故选D项。
解密④如何解决猜测句意题？
【解题中发现规律】
[2023·河北省高三模拟调研卷（三）]
It was the first day f Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Crnavirus(冠状病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the glbe and everywhere there were feelings f uncertainty, fear, lneliness and even despair. "Scial Distancing" had becme the new nrm. Here the schls had been clsed, the restaurant dining rms had been shut, and peple had been tld t wrk frm hme whenever they culd. Even the sheltered wrkshp where my ldest sn wrked had been clsed until furl her ntice. Peple had made a run n the stres and large areas f the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers f sick and dead cntinued t rise. It felt like there was a weight n the suls f everyne in the wrld.
My wn family was staying at hme as much as pssible and as I lked ut my windw I wndered hw lng this crisis wuld last. It was then, hwever. that I saw smething that lifted that weight ff f my sul, made my face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street belw my huse there was an ld friend f mine frm high schl wh was a teacher there nw. With him was my yunger sn s frmer aide frm the high schl as well. They were delivering the schl lunches dr t dr t the hungry children wh were stuck al hme. Watching them made me think f smething everyne's childhd televisin neighbr. Mr. Rger's nce said:“ In the bad times, always lk fr the helpers. ”
I have n dubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis befre it have. But it is ur chice n whether it brings ut the best in us r the wrst in us. Let it bring ut the best in yu. Use it t strengthen yur faith. Use it t free yurself frm fear. Use it t grw kinder, mre giving, and mre lving. Becme a helper t all thse in need and yu will be a happy persn tday and in all the days t cme.
14．What Mr. Rger said actually means ______.
A．in bad times we shuld watch mn TV prgrams
B．schl lunches arc nt easy t frget fr many peple
C．we shuld prepare mre lunches fr schl children
D．peple lk frward t helping hands in bad times
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在新春来临之际，新型冠状病毒席卷全球。在这危难的时刻，作者欣喜地看到街道上有人在挨家挨户地给困在家里饥饿的儿童送餐。作者认为，在危急的时刻，人们仍然掌握着选择权，选择守望相助。
14．D句意猜测题。根据文章第二段Rger的这句话 “In the bad times, always lk fr the helpers.”再结合上下文，疫情期间，人们相互帮助，可以推测，Rger的这句话意为“在危急的时刻，人们都应该互相帮助”。故选D。
规律方法4：如何解决猜测句意题？
此类题目通常需要猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，做题时只要通过阅读文章，对原句进行语法和词义上的准确分析，并和答案选项做一番比较，不难找出正确选项。一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用了其他的英语词汇表述而已。
【变式精讲】
【四川省乐山市高中2023届第一次调查研究考试】
One f Britain's few typical cntributins t wrld culture may cme t an end, accrding t a survey that suggests hliday pstcards are being emailed and texted int extinctin（消亡）. Mre than half f the 1,000 hliday-makers interviewed said they had decided t send fewer cards, turning instead t their electrnic cmpetitrs.
A quarter f the respndents（受访者）dismissed pstcards as ld-fashined and slw t arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking f smething t fill the space was t challenging, cmpared with a call hme. Althugh fficially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea f illustrated cards was taken up with mst enthusiasm in Victrian Britain, jining Gthic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the cuntry excelled.
“If the British pstcard did becme extinct, we wuld lse fr ever smething f great imprtance t the natin," said Chris Mttershead f Thmsn Hlidays, which charged with the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelu f Sussex University, wh has studied the imprtance f sending and receiving pstcards. “Pstcards are nthing like phne calls, instant texting and direct pht shts via the mbile," she said. “All these are useful, practical devices, but pstcards ffer smething else, smething additinal that is nt mundane（世俗的）and simply functinal, but imaginative and persnal. They can prduce the real atmsphere f yur hliday in a way that nthing else can d. They're als fr mre than a mment—with sme peple adding them t cllectins built up ver years and years.”
Pstcard-cllecting, is third nly t cins and stamps in Britain's related traditin f cllecting things. The cuntry's uniquely pstcard-related achievements include the inventin in 1902 f the“divided back”. With the address taking up half f the writing area, brief pstcard scribbles（潦草的书写）became the frerunner t tday's text messages.
9．What des the underlined phrase "was taken up with mst enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Gained ppularity.B．Tk place.C．Came back.D．Went int service.
【答案】9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在英国，很多人选择不再发送明信片，而是选择电子发送方式。
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段“jining Gthic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the cuntry excelled”（它与哥特式建筑和风景园林一起成为该国的优秀领域。）可知，“the idea f illustrated cards”（插画概念）成为优秀领域，很受欢迎，推测划线部分was taken up with mst enthusiasm表示“很受欢迎”，与gained ppularity同义。故选A项。
词义猜测题
考点1 单词词义题
考点2猜测短语题
考点3 猜测指代题
考点4 猜测句意题
题型解读
命题要求
素养解读
要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等。
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。