新概念英语第3册完美笔记学案

这是一份新概念英语第3册完美笔记学案，共613页。

学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
puma n.美洲狮
spt v.看出, 发现
= see, pick ut, recgnize, catch sight f 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现
-- A tall man is easy t spt in the crwd.
-- He has gd eye fr sptting mistakes.
同意词：
-- find：强调发现的结果 / find ut：查出事实真相
-- discver：做出重大发现 / ntice：注意到
-- bserve：观察 / watch：观察活动中的人或画面
Spt n.斑点
-- There is a white spt n the shirt.
n the spt有两个含义：
1> 立刻, 马上（at nce, immediately）
-- Anyne breaking the rules will be asked t leave n the spt.
2> at the place f the actin 在现场
-- Wherever she is needed, she is quickly n the spt.
Evidence n.证据（不可数名词）
Evident adj.明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然
Evidence = prf (n.证据)
-- When the plice arrived, he had already destryed the evidence.
in evidence 显而易见的
-- He was in evidence at the party.
Accumulate v.积累, 积聚（强调积累的过程）
-- As the evidence accumulates, experts frm the z felt bliged t investigate.
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处
-- The teacher gathered his students in the class
Cllect vt.搜集, 采集
-- D yu cllect stamps? Yes, I cllect stamps as my hbby.（n.业余爱好）
Assemble v.集合, 集会 / 装配
-- A large number f peple assemble n the square.
Hard vt.大量的储存 （-- hard up = stre up 储藏）
-- The squirrel hards up nuts fr the cld winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.坚果）
amass vt.积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品）
-- The cluds amassed abve the hills
Oblige v.使…感到必须
feel bliged t d sth 感觉有必要做某事
-- I feel bliged t say n t his demand（n.要求, 需要）
be bliged t d sth 被迫做某事
-- They were bliged t sell their car t pay their debts ff.（debt n.债务）
hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 （hunt fr）
-- The experts frm Lndn z began t hunt (v.) fr a puma.
-- The hunt (n.) fr the puma prved the difficult. （prve vt.证明, 证实）
search 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物
-- The plice were searching the frest fr the missing by.
run after 强调追赶, 追求
-- lk, a dg is running after a cat
-- what are yu run after in yur life
seek = pursue v.追寻(理想)
chase v.追赶 （-- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief）
blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果
human being 人类
crner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境
作为动词, 经常使用被动语态
-- The thief was crnered at last
-- The prblem crnered me.
crner n.角落
-- at the crner f the street
-- in the crner f the rm
-- n the crner f the desk
Trail n.一串, 一系列
trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪（= fllw）
-- The plice trailed the criminal t the place where he was hiding （criminal n.罪犯）
Print n.印痕
Cling v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging）
-- She is always clinging t her mther.
-- He clung t the hpe that he wuld succeed. 他怀有成功的希望
stick v.粘住 （-- stick the envelp）n.信封
stick t 坚持 （-- stick t the plan / stick t ne’s prmise）n.许诺
sticky adj.粘的 （-- sticky fingers）
cnvince v.使…信服
1>cnvince sb f sth
-- I cnvince him f my hnesty.（n.诚实, 正直） 我使他相信我的诚实。
2> be cnvinced that…
-- I am cnvinced that she is hnest girl.（adj.诚实的, 正直的）

smehw adv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因
= by sme means, in sme way, fr sme reasn unknwn
-- I’ll get the bk back smehw. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。
-- I gt lst smehw 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。
Smewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 （= a little）
-- The price is smewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
disturb v.令人不安
disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的
surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的
exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的
wild adj.野性的, 野生的
investigate v.调查, 研究
descriptin n.描写, 描述
extrardinarily adv.特别地，非常地，格外
similar adj.相似的, 类似的
attack vt.攻击
difficult adj.困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点
rabbit n.兔, 野兔
paw n.手掌, 手爪
fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛
bush n.矮树丛
fully adv.充分地, 完全地
cllectr n.收藏家, 征收者
Text 课文
at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的
-- The thief is still at large
at large 详细地（= in detail）n.细节, 详情
-- I need talk t yu at large
at large 总体来讲（= as a whle）
-- The students at large are hungry fr English. （hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的）
Where must the puma have cme frm?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are fund in America.
在英文的表达方式中，首先呈现给读者的是结果（和中文不同）
英文擅长用长句，中文擅长用短句。
-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are fund in Asia. （panda n.熊猫）
cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dg-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的
When reprts came int Lndn Z that a wild puma had been sptted frty-five miles
suth f Lndn, they were nt taken seriusly.
一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前
1> 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰
-- 定语从句的引导词：
-- 指人：主语wh；宾语wh, whm；定语 whse
-- 指物：that（也可以指人）/ which
-- 时间状语：when / 地点状语：where / 原因状语：why
2> 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容
-- 同位语从句的引导词：
-- 名词(做主语、宾语等)：关系词用that而不是which
-- 时间：when； 地点：where
-- 定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但what可以引导同位语从句
-- An idea came t her that she might d the experiment in anther way.
-- I have n idea what has happened t him。
they were nt taken seriusly（they指代reprts）
take sth seriusly = deal with sth seriusly 认真地对待某事
-- I always take yur suggestins seriusly.
take sth lightly 草率地对待某事 （lightly adv.轻率地）
-- Dn’t take the ht ptat lightly （ht ptat n.棘手的问题）
Hwever, as the evidence began t accumulate, experts frm the Z felt bliged t
investigate, fr the descriptins given by peple wh claimed t have seen the puma were
extrardinarily similar.
Hwever adv.然而(起转折作用)
As 连词：随着, 当...之时
过去分词做定语：
-- the descriptins given by peple
-- the stry tld by the sailr (n.海员, 水手, 船员)
-- a bk written by Luxun
claim t have dne sth 声称曾经做过某事
-- He claimed t have been the manager f the large shp.
The hunt fr the puma began in a small village where a wman picking blackberries saw
'a large cat' nly five yards away frm her.
Where a wman picking… 定语从句
-- I still remember the schl where I studied English.
It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts cnfirmed that a puma will nt attack
a human being unless it is crnered.
Cnfirm = be sure = be certain (cnfirm vt.确定)
Unless it is crnered = if it is nt crnered (unless cnj.如果不, 除非)
-- He will accept the jb unless the salary is t lw.
The search prved difficult, fr the puma was ften bserved at ne place in the mrning
and at anther place twenty miles away in the evening.
search = hunt
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail f dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
把某物留在后面：leave behind
-- Wherever he went, the wund left behind him a trail f bld.（n.血）
Paw prints were seen in a number f places and puma fur was fund clinging t bushes.
英文表达方式习惯用被动语态, 突出客观事实。而中文则善于运用动作的执行者。
puma fur was fund clinging t bushes. （被动）
 We fund the puma fur clinging t bushes. （主动）
-- clinging t bushes是现在分词短语做宾补
Several peple cmplained f "cat-like nises' at night and a businessman n a fishing trip
saw the puma up a tree.
cmplain f/abut sth 抱怨某事
n+名词：强调动作正在进行
-- n the rise 在上升 / n the increase 在增加
-- n the watch 在观看 / n the match 在比赛中
-- n the fishing trip 在钓鱼的途中 / n hliday 在度假
The experts were nw fully cnvinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it cme
frm?
Fully（adv.充分地, 完全地）= cmpletely = entirely
As n pumas had been reprted missing frm any z in the cuntry, this ne must have
been in the pssessin f a private cllectr and smehw managed t escape.
sth be in the pssessin f sb = sth be in sb's pssessin 某物归某人所有(主语是物)
-- The beautiful car is in my pssessin.= The beautiful car is in the pssessin f me.
Sb be in pssessin f sth 某人拥有某物(主语是人)
-- I am in pssessin f the beautiful car.（in pssessin f… 做表语）
-- The persn in pssessin f the big huse is excited. （in pssessin f… 做定语）
take pssessin f… 拥有…
The hunt went n fr several weeks, but the puma was nt caught.
Went n = lasted （last vi.继续, 持续）
It is disturbing t think that a dangerus wild animal is still at large in the quiet cuntryside.
It is disturbing t think that... 一想到…就心理不安
-- It is disturbing t think that I fail my examinatin
in the quiet cuntryside 在宁静的山村
Special difficulties 难点
Exercises A
1. at/fr 2. t 3. t 4. in 5. n
Exercises B
1. He is the man we have heard abut s much.
2. The shelf yu put thse bks n has cllapsed.（vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解）
3.Whm did yu receive a letter frm?
特殊疑问句中whm 不能省略（本句）。
定语从句中Which以及指代人的做宾语的Whm, 在非正式用法当中可以省略。
省略时，介词不能前置到关系代词Whm, Which前，只能用于非固定的动词短语后面。
固定的动词短语
lk fr：寻找（去掉fr后lk没有寻找的意思，所以介词fr不能前置）
非固定的动词短语
lk at：注视
live in：居住（去掉in后live仍有居住的意思，所以介词in可以前置）
This is the ld huse in which he lived. = This is the ld huse he lived in.
4.This is the rad we came by?
5.Where is the pencil yu were playing with?
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1… 正确答案：D
in cmmn adv.共有 （替换了similar）
2… 正确答案：B
A）只是一个具体的特定的事列，阅读理解题的时候要把握中心大意
B） large cat
persuade v.说服, 劝说
3… 答案正确：C
做理解题时要紧扣主题、紧扣中心大意
文章最后一句话总结了大意
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4… 答案正确：C
Make的用法：
make smebdy d（在主动语态中不定式的符号t应该省略）
be made t d（被动语态中不定式的符号t必须补充完整）
-- They made her wait fr hurs.  She was made t wait fr hurs.
5… 答案正确： D
A）把say改成claim就对了 （-- Peple claimed t have seen the puma.）
D）清楚的道明了动作发生的先后关系
6… 正确答案：B
原句中的 when引导的时间状语从句表示：－...就…（as sn as）
被动：On being bserved, it immediately ran away.
主动：On bserving her, it immediately ran away.
On seeing me, he waved t me.
7… 正确答案：D
except可以和名词/名词性从句进行搭配（也可是when/if引导的从句形式）
unless = = except n the cnditin that…
when = if
-- …except when they are crnered. = …except if they are crnered.
-- Whenever yu cme, yu are welcme. = If ever yu cme, yu are welcme.
8… 正确答案：D
A）must be只是对客观现实的推测，时态不一致
-- 对于过去事实推测一定要用：情态动词+ have +过去分词
9… 正确答案：C
n mre than = nthing mre than = nly / within = nt mre than
10… 正确答案：B
in a crner 偷偷摸摸地, 暗中地, 秘密地
in a trap 落于陷阱中
at an angle 不正的, 倾斜的（angle n.角, 角度, 角落, 墙角, 棱角）
under cver 在遮蔽处, 秘密地, 暗中
11... 正确答案：B
fishes fr pleasure 钓鱼消遣
travel fr pleasure 外出游玩
read fr pleasure 阅读消遣
12…
n ne's wn adv.独自地, 独立地, 主动地 （= alne）
fr ne's wn benefit 为了某人自己的利益
Lessn 02 Thirteen equals ne 十三等于一
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
equal v.等于
A等于B  A equals B
Equal vt.与...相匹敌
-- Nne f us can equal her, either in beauty r as a dancer.
be equal t +名词（equal adj.不相上下的）
-- Mary is quite equal t Jhn in brains.（n.智力, 脑髓）
玛丽可以和约翰在脑力上相匹敌。
be equal t ding：有能力, 有力量来做某事 （t是介词）
-- I am equal t running the cmpany.
vicar n.牧师
raise v.募集，筹（款） -- raise mney 募集资金
提高 -- raise the price 提高物价
饲养、供养 -- raise a hrse饲养一匹马
种植 -- raise wheat种植小麦
召集、招募 -- raise an army招募一支军队 （army n.陆军, 军队）
提出、发出 -- raise a cheer 发出欢呼声 （cheer n.愉快, 欢呼）
trchlight n.电筒光 trch n.手电筒
cause n.事情
church n.教堂
figure n.外形, 轮廓, 体形
grcer n.食品商人, 杂货商人
bell n.钟, 铃, 钟声, 钟形之物
twer n.塔, 城堡
Text 课文
Was the vicar pleased that the clck was striking? Why?
Our vicar is always raising mney fr ne cause r anther, but he has never managed t get
enugh mney t have the church clck repaired.
现在进行时和always等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩
Tm is always ding hmewrk. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，怎么也做不完。
Tm always des his hmewrk. 汤姆总是做家庭作业，不拖欠作业。
He is always making nises. 他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。
ne r anther：表示这样或那样
-- fr ne reasn r anther 处于这样或那样的原因
-- at ne time r anther 在这样或那样的时间
-- in ne way r anther 用这样或那样的方法
get enugh mney t d sth 募集足够的资金做某事
-- I have t get enugh mney t have my huse repaired.
have smething dne
1>找某人来做某事
-- have the church clck repaired
-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）
-- His wallet was stlen.  He had his wallet stlen.
The big clck which used t strike the hurs day and night was damaged many years ag
and has been silent ever since.
used t：过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了。
-- He used t smke every day.
One night, hwever, ur vicar wke up with a start: the clck was striking the hurs!
Hwever -- 在口语中, 主要用于句首；在作文中, 最好用在句中、句尾。
要用逗号分隔开来
-- He said that it was s, he was mistaken, hwever.
He said that it was s, hwever, he was mistaken.
他说这件事就是如此，然而他弄错了。
-- I knw his stry, hwever, I wuldn't like t tell yu.
I knw his stry, I, hwever, wuldn't like t tell yu.
Hwever = Nevertheless (adv. cnj.) = Nnetheless (adv.)
Start n.vt.惊跳, 惊起
-- The nise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) yu give me. / -- he std up with a start(n.).
Lking at his watch, he saw that it was ne 'clck, but the bell struck thirteen times
befre it stpped.
befre：...才
-- Nearly a week passed befre she culd explain what had happened t her.
Armed with a trch, the vicar went up int the clck twer t see what was ging n.
Armed with a trch... 过去分词
Lking at his watch… 现在分词
分词做状语/定语的时候，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致
In the trchlight, he caught sight f a figure whm he immediately recgnized as Bill Wilkins
, ur lcal grcer.
in the trchlight 在手电筒光下 / in the mnlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太阳光下 / in the candlelight 在烛光下
非正式用语中whm可以省略掉
recgnized smebdy as… 认出某人是…
regard smebdy as 认为某人是 / think f smebdy as 认为某人是
treat smebdy as 把某人对待为 / have n smebdy as 把某人尊敬为
'Whatever are yu ding up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.
Whatever中的ever用来加强语气
'I'm trying t repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been cming up here night after night fr
weeks nw. Yu see, I was hping t give yu a surprise.'
night after night 一夜连着一夜
day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一辆车接着一辆车
'Yu certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar.
肯定句中常用d, did, des加强语气和情感色彩（一定要位于动词原形之前）
-- Yu d like nice tday. 你今天看上去确实很不错。
-- I d like yu.
'Yu've prbably wken up everyne in the village as well.
as well用在句尾相当于t, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比t所表达的语意更优秀。
-- Yu lked nice yesterday and yu lk beautiful as well tday.
Still, I'm glad the bell is wrking again.'
still用于句首, 用逗号分隔开来, 表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此, 但是
‘That's the truble, vicar,’ answered Bill.
'It's wrking all right, but I'm afraid that at ne 'clck it will strike thirteen times and
there's nthing I can d abut it."
There is nthing I can d abut it = I am at a lse what t d（at a lss adv.困惑）
‘We'll get used t that, Bill,’ said the vicar.
"Thirteen is nt as gd as ne, but it's better than nthing. Nw let's g dwnstairs and
have a cup f tea.'
get used t / be used t / be accustmed t / get accustmed t 都表示习惯于
get强调渐近的过程, be强调习惯了的状态
Special difficulties 难点
in
1>与表达惊奇、恐惧、失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用, 在句中起状语作用。
in surprise惊奇地 / in astnishment惊愕的
in alarm恐吓的 / in embarrassment窘迫的
in amazement极为惊讶 / in despair绝望的
in dismay沮丧的 / in anger恼火的 / in disappintment失望的
2>表示以、用。用于语言, 书写材料, 色彩或声音等方面。
in English / in pencil / in ink / in il 用颜料 / in red用红色 / in cde用代码
in such a high vice 用这么高的声音 / in a few wrds 用几句话
3>表示状态、情况或处境
in truble / in difficulty在困境中 / in bed在床上 / in a hurry匆忙的
in debt负债 / in lve with sb爱上某人 / in tears流着泪
in gd rder有条不紊, 整齐, 情况正常 / in gd repair维修良好
in gd health 身体好 / in pr health身体坏
in the bad md情绪坏 / in the gd md情绪好
in haste匆忙的 / in a favr f excitement 欣喜若狂
in pverty 在贫穷中 / in luxury奢侈的
Exercise：
very quickly = in a hurry
eventually = in the end （eventually adv.最后, 终于）
be seen = in sight
with a pen = in ink / with a pencil = in pencil
which they share = in cmmn （share v.共享）
crying = in tears
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... D
in rder adv.整齐, 状况良好, 适宜
ut f rder adv.次序颠倒, 不整齐, 状态不好 （= was damaged）
2... B
3... C
为…表示感谢：be grateful fr… / be thankful fr…
不辞辛劳地做某事：take the truble t d sth.
4... B in the past 是过去时态的标志；always用在实意动词之前
5... D strke n.击, 敲, 报时的钟声
强调句式结构：It was nt — 直到…才…
-- It was nt until midnight that snw stpped. — 直到半夜, 雪才停了。
6... B 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序
7... C Mend vt.修理, 修补
突出结果或者对现在的影响, 用现在完成时。
8... A get used t ding 表示习惯于 （t是介词）
9... B
fund 基金； cash 现金； schlarship 奖学金； investment 投资
10... A run a shp 经营商店
11... A night after night = every night
12... C
still 1>adv.仍, 仍然, 还
-- He came yesterday and he is still here. 他昨天来的，现仍在此。
still 2>adv.(连接副词) 尽管如此, 依旧, 仍然（表达一种坚持的态度）
相当于in spite f that, even thugh, just the same）
-- It's raining；Still, I must g ut.
-- This picture is nt t valuable；Still, I like it.
Yet cnj.但是, 然而（表示一种转折的关系）
-- I have failed, yet I shall try again.
Lessn 03 An unknwn gddess 无名女神
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
gddess(tile) n.女神
archaelgist n.考古学家
Aegean adj.爱琴海的
Explre v.考察，勘探
-- The archaelgists are explring the cave.
explratin n.探险 / explrer n.探险家
prmntry n.海角
prsperus adj. （经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的
-- ur finance is prsperus 我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Finance n.财政, 金融）
thriving adj.昌盛的，兴旺的 -- thriving business
bming adj.蓬勃的，景气的 -- a bming market繁荣的市场
flurishing adj.繁茂的，健康的
-- Thse plants are flurishing. 那些植物长得茂盛。
civilizatin n. 文明 / civilize vt.使开化, 使文明
-- high level f civilizatin 高度文明
strey n.楼层 （stry的变体）
drainage n.排水
wrship n.v.祟拜 / respect vt.尊敬, 尊重 / admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕
-- Wh d yu wrship in the wrld?
Warship n.军舰, 战船
Sacred adj.宗教的, 神圣的
-- sacred music 圣乐 / sacred prmise 神圣的诺言
Hly adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
-- a hly persn. 圣洁的人 / a hly place. 神圣的地方
Slemn adj. 庄严的, 庄重的
-- a slemn face 严肃的面孔 / a slemn ceremny 隆重的仪式
Fragment n.碎片
Remains n.遗物，遗迹，废墟
Classical adj.（希腊和罗马）古文化的（即传统的）；文科的, 人文科学的
-- classical music 古典音乐 / classical educatin 人文科学教育
Classic adj. 第一流的, 标准的, 著名的, 典型的
-- This is the classic example f lve at the first sight.
Classic n.杰作, 经典之作
-- That jke's a classic; it really is funny. "这个笑话确属一流,真是妙趣横生。"
Recnstruct v.修复 （Re --重新, 再次）
Cnstruct vt.构造, 建造, 组织（通过装配或组合部件而构成）
-- cnstruct a sentence / cnstruct a brken statuary（n.雕象）
-- build a huse 造建筑物 / put up a tent
cnstructin n.建设, 建造
cnstructive adj.有教育意义的
cnstructr n.建造者, 建设者
erect vt.盖, 使竖立, 使直立（build high buildings）
-- erect a mnument 建造纪念碑 / erect a clck twer 建造钟楼
setup / establish / fund 建立
-- setup students' unin 学生会 （unin n.联盟, 协会）
-- establish a schl / establish a rule 设立一条规则
-- fund a cuntry 建立一个国家
Rest v.倚放, 放置
Hip n.屁股, 臀部
Hip n. [口]在服用兴奋剂、宗教信仰方面赶时髦的人；消息灵通人士；
adj.通晓的，见闻广的
-- Mary is a real hip. 玛丽是个爱赶时髦的人。
-- The guy isn't a hip. 这家伙什么都不懂。
Jined at the hip 表示交情极厚的
-- These tw are jined at the hip.
sht frm the hip 信口开河
-- Srry, I said that I shuldn't have sht frm the hip.
full-length adj.（裙衣）拖地长的, 全长的, 全身的
-- a full-length dress 拽地长裙
full-grwn adj.生长完全的, 发育完全的
full time n.专职, 全部时间
graceful adj.优雅的
-- a graceful lady
elegant adj.优雅的（举止）
-- an elegant gentleman. 举止文雅的绅士
identity n. 身份
ancient adj.远古的, 旧的
decrate vt.装饰；点缀
clay n.粘土, 泥土
Rman adj.罗马的, 罗马人的 n.罗马人
Rme n.罗马(意大利首都)
Indeed adv.真正地, (加强语气)确实
Text 课文
Hw did the archaelgists knw that the statue was a gddess?
Sme time ag, an interesting discvery was made by archaelgists n the Aegean island
f Kea.
sme time 1>经过若干时间 2>在未来的某时
smetime adv.在某一时候, 曾经, 有一天
smetimes adv.不时, 有时
中文习惯用主动语态。
英文习惯用被动语态。以事件、结果、影响、效果为主语，强调对客观事实的陈述。
An American team explred a temple which stands in an ancient city n the prmntry f
Ayia Irini.
which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple。（which = that）
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
= situate(及物) 使位于, 使处于
= lcate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
which stands in... = which lies in… = which is lcated in… = which is situated in...
Stand 1 >身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75米
-- A great tree stands n the munt. 一棵大树竖立在山上。
The city at ne time must have been prsperus, fr it enjyed a high level f civilizatin.
fr 引导原因状语从句：对主句的附加说明和解释，提供更多的信息。
because 引导原因状语从句：强调原因。
-- The day brke fr the birds were singing.
at ne time 表达曾经, 一度（过去时态的标志, = nce）
must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测
enjyed a high level f civilizatin 享有高度文明
Huses -- ften three streys high -- were built f stne. They had large rms with
beautifully decrated walls.
With… 具有…
-- a yung man with brad shulders / an ld lady with black hair
beautifully decrated 过去分词做定语
-- a beautifully dressed lady 衣着漂亮的女士
-- a deserted car park 废弃的停车场
-- a white painted dr 被刷成白色的门
现在分词做定语, 被修饰词与修饰词之间为逻辑主动关系
-- a by climbing the tree 正在爬树的男孩
-- the students reading in the rm 正在房间里读书的学生
The city was equipped with a drainage system, fr a great many clay pipes were fund
beneath the narrw streets.
be equipped with 配备, 装备 （equip vt.装备, 配备）
air cnditining 空气调节装置 / air cnditiner 空气调节机, 空调设备
-- The car was equipped with air cnditining.
fr 引导原因状语从句
在正下方：Beneath = under
-- beneath the narrw streets = under the narrw streets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在进行中：只能用under
-- under cntrl 控制之中 / under discussin 讨论之中 / under repairs修理之中
belw 在下方（强调在斜下方）
-- She is sitting belw the windw
The temple which the archaelgists explred was used as a place f wrship frm the
fifteenth century B.C. until Rman times.
be used as / be used t be 把…用作为
-- The bx was used as a desk in the small village schl.
-- The wden bx was used as a bkcase.
be used t d 被用来做…
-- The wden bx is used t cntain bks
In the mst sacred rm f temple, clay fragments f fifteen statues were fund.
Each f these represented a gddess and had, at ne time, been painted.
represent vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
The bdy f ne statue was fund amng remains dating frm the fifteenth century B.C.
dating 现在分词, 修饰remains
date frm = date back t （开始于…, 起始于…）
-- The custm dating frm 1990. （custm n.习惯, 风俗）
-- The traditin dates frm the time when his grandfather was yung.
-- The castle dates frm the 14th century. = The castle dates back t the 14th century.
城堡建造于14世纪
Its missing head happened t be amng remains f the fifth century B.C.
happen t 偶然, 碰巧（强调事情的偶然发生）
-- I happen t have driven that kind f car. 我恰巧开过那种车。
-- He happened t find the ticket in his pcket.
It happens that +从句
-- It happened that I met her n my way t wrk.
= I happened t meet her n my way wrk.
happen n 碰巧碰上
-- I happened n this ld picture in the back f the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屉的背面发现了这张旧照片。
-- Guess, wh did I happen n while I was in Lndn last mnth?
This head must have been fund in Classical times and carefully preserved.
It was very ld and precius even then.
When the archaelgists recnstructed the fragments, they were amazed t find that the
gddess turned ut t be a very mdern-lking wman.
Recnstruct = put tgether, piece tgether, restre（vt.恢复, 使回复）
Amazed = very much surprised
surprised > astnished > amazed > astunded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
t find... / t discver... / t realize... / t see…
-- I'm nt surprised t see yu here
1> turn ut…（表示结果）结果是, 原来是 （= prve, 都表示系动词）
turn ut (t be)+ n./adj.
-- The cncert turned ut t be a failure.
-- Our party turned ut (t be) a success. 我们的聚会非常的成功。
2> It turned ut + that从句 （it作形式主语）
It turned ut +其它名词从句
-- It turned ut that the diamnds had been in the bank all the time.
原来钻石一直都在银行里保存着。
-- It turned ut that his statement was false. 原来他的话是假的。
3> as it turns ut… 后来人们发现…
-- As it turned ut, there was n need t wrry. 后来人们发现, 没有必要担心。
-- As it turned ut, the reprt was mistaken. 后来人们发现, 报告被弄错了
She std three feet high and her hands rested n her hips.
rest n v.被搁在, 停留在, 信赖
= depend n（依靠, 依赖）/ lean n（靠着）
-- His hand rested lightly n my shulder
She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the grund.
which swept the grund 近一步说明拖地的，拽地的
Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, s far, the archaelgists have been
unable t discver her identity.
But, s far, the archaelgists have been unable t discver her identity.
= It is still a prblem fr the archaelgists up t nw.
Despite = in spite f （两者都是介词），后面+ 名词/动名词
s far, up t nw 完成时的标志
discver her identity = find ut her identity
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... D
'Its missing head happened t be amng remains f the fifth century B.C.'
2... D be emplyed in 被应用在...方面
this is cnfirmed by the fact that 引导同位语从句，补充说明fact的内容
3... A in ding sth 在...方面
4... D prsperity n.繁荣（不可数）
knw 1>知道, 认识
2>（文学用语）经历过, 曾经有过（= experience, 比experience更加正式）
-- He knew pverty in his early days. 他早年有过痛苦的经历
5... B since：自从 （主干的时态为现在完成时）
6... C
t ne's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是
在句中可做独立的状语, 句子的主语不必是某个人
-- T my great disappintment the train had already left
with surprise 惊讶地 （With satisfactin/delight/dismay）
必须与行为动词连用, 句子的主语必须是某个人
-- He smked his last cigarette with satisfactin.
-- He went hme with dismay.
-- T ur dismay the party prved t be a failure.
7... B despite = in spite f (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
8… B s far：现在完成时的标志
如果用pssible/impssible, 就要采用形势主语it
-- S far, it has been impssible fr the archaelgists t discver her identity.
9... A Hly adj. 神圣的, 圣洁的
religius 宗教的 / frightening 令人害怕的 / clurful 丰富多彩的
10... D in gd cnditin情况良好 = in gd state
well dne 侧重强调做得好
cnserve vt.保存, 保藏 （= keep frm being wasted, damaged, lst, destryed）
“不用尽或耗尽某物，保留”
-- Cnserve yur energy yu needed. （energy n.精力, 精神）
你该养精蓄锐，你回用得上的。
-- We must cnserve ur frest.
maintain vt.维持, 维修 -- 通过修缮保养, 不使...破损（强调动作的过程）
11... B turn ut = prve, 都表示系动词
reslve vt,vi决定 vt.(使)分解, 溶解
-- He reslved n ging ut. 他决定出去。
12... B
s far = until nw, up till nw
befrehand (adv.预先) = in advance (adv.预先)
at this distance f/in time 时隔已久
-- I can hardly remember him at this distance f time. 时隔这么久, 我几乎想不起来他了。
Lessn 04 The duble life f Alfred Blggs 阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Duble adj.两倍的, 双重的
manual adj.体力的 （= physical adj.身体的, 物质的）
manual wrk 体力工作
mental wrk 脑力工作
cllar n.衣领
white-cllar adj.白领阶层的, 脑力劳动者（thse wh d mental wrk）
blue-cllar adj蓝领阶级的, 工人阶级的（thse wh d manual wrk）
get ht under the cllar 怒气冲天
-- He gt ht under the cllar when he knew that they laughed at him.
sacrifice vt.牺牲，献出 （t give up fr gd purpse）
-- sacrifice ne's life fr the cuntry
-- sacrifice time
sacrifice n.牺牲 （-- make many sacrifices）
privilege n.好处 （= advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益）
-- sacrifice ne's advantage/privilege 牺牲掉某人的好处
privilege n.特权, 特别待遇（= special right）
-- give sb the privilege f ding sth 特许某人做某事
privileged a.荣幸的
-- We are privileged tnight t have ur headmaster as ur speaker.
dustman n.清洁工
crpratin n.公司
veralls n.工作服
shwer n.淋浴
secret n.秘密 adj.秘密的, 隐秘的
Cnfidential adj.机密的
keep secret 保密
-- It's between yu and me. 此事只介于你我之间。
-- I'll keep it t myself. 我会保守秘密的。
in secret 私下里（= secretly, in private, privately）
-- I was tld abut it in secret.
in the secret 知道内情
-- He was in the secret frm the beginning
status n.地位（= scial psitin）
statue n.雕像, 塑像
rise n.发生, 出现
lss n.损失
fellw n.伙伴, 朋友, 同事 adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
Text 课文
Why did Alf want a white-cllar jb?
These days, peple wh d manual wrk ften receive far mre mney than peple wh
wrk in ffices.
peple wh d manual wrk = blue-cllar wrkers
peple wh d mental wrk = white-cllar wrkers = peple wh wrk in ffices
fr mre mney（far副词用来加强语气= much）
Peple wh wrk in ffices are frequently referred t as "white-cllar wrkers' fr the
simple reasn that they usually wear a cllar and tie t g t wrk.
refer = 把...看作为
-- I always refer t him as bkwrm（n.书呆子）
fr the simple reasn = fr 引导的原因状语从句
fr the reasn that多用于正式文体，because多用于口语中。
-- He is refer t as a bk wrm fr the simple reasn that he spare n effrts reading.
-- He was send t prisn fr he culd nt pay his debts.
Such is human nature, that a great many peple are ften willing t sacrifice higher pay fr
the privilege f becming white-cllar wrkers.
human nature 人性
（that引导同位语从句, 进一步补充说明such的基本内涵）
-- His kindness was such that we will never frget him.
= Such was his kindness that… （such在句首要倒装）
= He was s kind that we will never frget him.
-- Such is human nature that we want t get a lt f things free.
介词fr表示一种目的
be willing t d sth = be ready t d sth 心甘情愿做
This can give rise t curius situatins, as it did in the case f Alfred Blggs wh wrked as
a dustman fr the Ellesmere Crpratin.
give rise t =（lead t v.导致, 通向）（cause vt.引起, 惹起）（result in v.导致）
-- Such cnduct might give rise t misunderstandings. 这种行为会引起误解。
-- The bad cnditins have given rise t a lt f crimes. 不良的环境引起了犯罪。

in the case f 就...来说, 关于, 就...而言 （= cncerning prep.关于, 涉及, 就...说）
-- Stealing is n shame in the case f him. 偷窃对他来说不是一件可耻的事。
in case f（副词）万一, 以防  （in case cnj.万一）
-- Yu shuld ensure yur huse in case f fire. （ensure vt.保证; 担保, 保险）
-- Take umbrella in case f rain 带上雨伞以防下雨。
wh引导定语从句
When he gt married, Alf was t embarrassed t say anything t his wife abut his jb.
t embarrassed t say 太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed f 感到羞愧, 惭愧
-- Alf was ashamed f his jb as a dustman.
marry 强调动作 （-- He married the girl. 他娶了这个女孩。）
get married 强调过程（-- Last year they gt married.）
be married t sb 强调状态（-- The ld man has been married t his wife fr 50 years.）
He simply tld her that he wrked fr the Crpratin.
Simply 副词--用来修饰限定动词tld
Every mrning, he left hme dressed in a smart black suit.
dressed in a smart black suit --形容词短语表示一种状态 打方框代表有问题
-- He g t wrk dressed in a beautiful cat.
-- He left hme wearing a smart black suit.
He then changed int veralls and spent the next eight hurs as a dustman.
changed int 换上 / change back int 换回
Befre returning hme at night. He tk a shwer and changed back int his suit.
Befre returning hme = Befre he returned hme
Befre和动名词搭配, 相当于Befre引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语
-- After getting hme, he had a gd rest.
-- Befre having dinner, he finished all his hmewrk.
Alf did this fr ver tw years and his fellw dustmen kept his secret.
Alf's wife has never discvered that she married a dustman and she never will, fr Alf
has just fund anther jb. He will sn be wrking in an ffice.
she never will = she will never discver the secret
在省略句式中, never要放在助动词之前
-- “will yu g t see her?”
-- “I will never t t see her" = "N, I never will."
He will be earning nly half as much as he used t, but he feels that his rise in status is well
wrth the lss f mney.
half as much as
half / a quarter / twice / three times + 表示倍数
-- I wn't marry a man wh is twice as ld as me.
-- We gt three times as many peple as we expected.
-- This rm is abut three times as large as that ne.
是...的几倍： +形容词或副词原形+ as...
比...多几倍： +形容词或副词比较级+ than…
-- This rad is fur times lnger than that ne. = This rad is five times as lng as that ne.
What he btained is well wrth the lss f time. 他的所得是值得花时间的。
well 副词用来加强语气, 修饰形容词wrth
Frm nw n, he will wear a suit all day and thers will call him 'Mr. Blggs', nt 'Alf'.
Special difficulties 难点
impssibility n.不可能之事, 不可能
grant vt.同意, 准予
A. 两类词汇：
1>tell, give等动词可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
-- He tld a stry t me. = He tld me a stry .
2>explain, say等动词只能代一个(直接)宾语, 在间接宾语前要用介词t
-- He explain the difficult t me. / He said nthing t me.
-- She speaks English t her husband and Swedish t her children.
-- He admitted his guilt t the plice.（guilt n.罪行, 内疚）
-- Did yu suggest this idea t him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时, 通常放在间接宾语之后（但say除外）
-- I explained t him the impssibility f granting his request.
= I explained the impssibility f granting his request t him.
-- He cnfessed t me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
= He cnfessed that he had fallen asleep during the meeting t me.
cnfide vt., vi.
1> 倾诉（与in连用）
-- Jne felt she culd nly cnfide in her mther. 琼觉得她只有向她妈妈倾吐心中的秘密。
2> 吐露 (心事、秘密等), 与t连用
-- One evening he came and cnfided t me that he had spent five years in prisn.
有一天晚上他到我家来向我吐露他曾坐过五年牢。
B.“Wrth"后面只能跟名词或动名词
-- His suggestin is wrth cnsidering.
-- His rise in status is wrth the lss f mney.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... A illustrate vt.阐明, 阐述
“ great many peple are ften willing t sacrifice higher pay fr the privilege f becming
white-cllar wrker"
2... C duble life
3... D " feels that his rise in status is well wrth the lss f mney"
previus adj.在前的, 早先的
respect n.某方面 vt.尊敬, 尊重
4... B t g 可以省略
They usually g t wrk wearing a cllar and tie.
5... D
"Alfred was t embarrassed t say anything t his wife abut his jb."
…（不定式t表示否定）
…（在that引导的结果状语从句中, 如果采用否定式，可以和 互换）
-- The water is t ht fr us t drink. = The water is s ht that we can't drink.
6... C "He simply tld her that he wrker f the Crpratin"
simply副词（仅仅是, 再没有别的了= nly, just）
无论是simply, nly还是just，往往用在所修饰的主体词之前。
-- I did it simply/nly fr the mney
-- I dn't like driving. I d it simply/nly because I have t g t wrk each day.
and n mre（放句尾）
in a simple way 简单地, 简朴地
-- She was always dressed in a simple way.
7... B
Befre是介词和动名词形式搭配。 -- Befre returning hme...
Befre是连接词，引导时间状语从句。 -- Befre he returned hme...
befre 引导的从句, 常用一般现在时或一般过去时, 不用进行时。
8... C "half as much as it used t be"
the amunt 要用定语从句进行限定
当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，used t之后的动词必须省略掉
当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，used t之后必须带有系动词be.
-- I feel the summers are htter than they used t be.
-- I feel yu are much fatter than yu used t be.
9... D
gain：获利, 赢得（表示通过努力）
-- gain time, gain reputatin, gain speed, gain height
fee：（为专业服务支付的）费用
-- dctr's fees 医疗费 / the lawyer's fees 律师费
-- pay fr my university fees 支付我的大学学费
payment：（商业、信贷）支付的款项（非常正式）
wages：（体力劳动者的）工资
salary：（白领的）薪水
10... B cmpanin n.同伴, 共事者 cmrade n.朋友, 同志, 伙伴
11... C "well wrth the lss f mney"
pay back 偿还, 报复
reward 酬劳
value 价值
cmpensate v.偿还, 补偿
cmpensate fr赔偿 = make up fr弥补
-- His intelligence mre than cmpensate fr his lack f experience.
12... A call = addressed as被称为
name命名 / cry ut喊叫 / shut v.呼喊, 呼叫
Lessn 05 The facts 确切数字
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Editr n.编辑
Edit vt.编辑
-- edit magazine, edit newspaper
Editin n.编辑
Editrial adj.编辑的, 主编的 n.社论, 评论
extreme n.极端
g t extreme(s) t d… 做某事走极端
-- He went t extreme t say that the play was the best ne.
-- He went t extremes t say that his girlfriend was the mst beautiful in the wrld.
g frm ne extreme t the ther 从一个极端走向另一个极端
statistics n.统计数字
jurnalist n.新闻记者
reprter n.(电视台)记者
crrespndent n.(电台)记者, 通讯员
president n.总统
palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
publish v.出版 = print(vt.), g t press(vi.)
-- The bk has already been published. = The bk has already been printed.
-- The bk has gne t press.
-- They have already published the magazine.
Fax n.传真 （-- send a fax）
impatient adj.不耐烦的
patience（n.耐性） patient（adj.有耐心的） patiently（adv.有耐心地）
impatience（n.不耐烦） impatient（adj.不耐烦的） impatiently（adv.不耐烦地）
fire v.解雇（口语）
-- He was fired frm his jb
dismiss vt.解雇（正式）
-- The manage dismissed him frm his cmpany.
Sack vt.解雇, 辞退（俚语, 口语）
-- If yu d it wrng again yu will be sacked.
Originally adv.起初，原先，从前 / riginal adj.最初的, 原始的
Text 课文
What was the cnsequence f the editr's insistence n facts and statistics?
Cnsequence n.结果
Insistence n.坚持, 坚决主张
Editrs f newspapers and magazines ften g t extremes t prvide their reader with
unimprtant facts and statistics.
g t extremes 走极端
prvide = supply 给...提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
prvide sb with sth / prvide sth fr sb
-- He prvided them with a bed fr the night.
= He prvided a bed fr them fr the night
Last year a jurnalist had been instructed by a well-knwn magazine t write an article n
the president's palace in a new African republic.
本句= A well-knwn magazine instructed a jurnalist t write an article n the president's palace
in a new African republic.
African n.非洲人 adj.非洲的
Republic n.共和国, 共和政体
Instruct vt.教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知
instruct sb t d sth.= tell sb frmally t d sth 正式告诉某人做某事
-- The teacher instructed him t take the examinatin.
On = abut 侧重强调课题专一
-- a bk n radi
When the article arrived, the editr read the first sentence and then refuse t publish it.
When the article arrived = When the editr received the article
refuse vt.拒绝（态度严厉）
-- I invited him t dinner, but he refused me.
decline vt.婉言谢绝
repudiate vt.断然拒绝
The article began: 'Hundreds f steps lead t the high wall which surrunds the president's
palace'.
which 指代the high wall
The editr at nce sent the jurnalist a fax instructing him find ut the exact number f
steps and the height f the wall.
Instructing(现在分词)进一步补充说明fax的情况
-- he send me a letter instructing me t cme back immediately
The jurnalist immediately set ut t btain these imprtant facts, but he tk a lng time
t send them.
set ut t d = decide and try t d 决定, 打算, 着手做...
= set abut ding 决定, 打算, 着手做...
-- He set ut t make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years.
take sb a lng time t d sth 某事花了某人很久的时间
-- It tk me five days t write the article.
Meanwhile, the editr was getting impatient, fr the magazine wuld sn g t press.
He sent the jurnalist tw mre faxes, but received n reply.
tw mre faxes = anther tw faxes
He sent yet anther fax infrming the jurnalist that if he did nt reply sn he wuld be
fired.
When the jurnalist again failed t reply, the editr reluctantly published the article as it
had riginally been written.
reluctantly = unwilling 勉勉强强地, 不情愿地
as it bad riginally been written = in its riginal way
A week later, the editr at last received a fax frm the jurnalist.
Nt nly had the pr man been arrested, but he had been sent t prisn as well.
Nt nly位于句首, 必须采用倒装形式。
本句 = The pr man had nt nly been arrested, but had been sent t prisn as well.
倒装：（部分倒装）
1>否定副词位于句首, 要倒装。
never, seldm, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nwhere, n sner
scarcely adv.几乎不, 简直没有
nwhere adv.无处, 到处都无
-- Never have I read such stries. 我从来也没读过这样的小说。
-- Nwhere can he find the bk he wants. 无论在哪他也找不到他要的书。
-- Hardly did I think it pssible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
2>含有nly的状语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
-- Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.
-- Only when a great deal mre infrmatin has been btained will it be pssible t plan a trip.
3>含有nt的副词短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
nt fr a secnd 决不, 毫不 / nt in the least 绝不, 一点也不
nt fr an instant, nt until
-- Nt in the least is he interested in English literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
-- Nt fr an instant did I believe he had lied. 我根本不认为他说了慌。
4>含有n的短语位于句首, 句子要倒装。
at n time, in n way , in n sense, by n means, in n case, n n accunt, n n cnditin,
under n circumstances （都表示‘绝不’）
circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
-- Under n circumstances can we accept the check. 我们无论如何也不能接受这笔钱。
-- On n accunt must yu leave the baby in the huse. 你无论如何也不能把留在房间里。
5> s such 位于句首, 句子要倒装。
Hwever, he had at last been allwed t send a fax in which he infrmed the editr that the
he had been arrested while cunting the 1,084 steps leading t the fifteen-ft wall which
surrunded the president's palace.
he had at last been allwed = he had at last been permitted = he had asked fr permissin
请求被允许做某事：be allwed t d, be permitted t d, asked fr permissin t d sth
permit v.许可,允许,准许 permissin n.许可, 允许
in which -- which指代fax
while和现在分词搭配, 做时间状语, 表示“正在做某事的过程中”。
-- 可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
-- While cunting… = while he was cunting…
现在分词做定语：
-- the steps leading t the president's palace 通向王宫的台阶。
-- the rad leading t the frest 通向森林的路。
fifteen-ft做前置定语, 这里的名词必须上单数形式。
which引导的定语从句修饰wall, which指代wall。
-- wall which surrunded… （= wall surrunding…）
-- 为了避免和前面的现在分词句式结构(leading)相同所以没有用surrunding.
Special difficulties 难点here
倒装的用法
1.Nt nly has he made this mistake befre but he will make it again.
2.Only then did I realize what was happening
3.Never will I trust him again.
4.Seldm d yu find traffic wardens wh are kind and helpful.
traffic warden n. 交通管理员 （warden n.监护人；看守人）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1… C
excuse n.理由, 借口
beynd prep.除…以外
satisfy vt.满足, 使满意
dissatisfy vt.使感觉不满, 不满足
factual adj.事实的, 实际的
cntent n.内容
2… B
3... A activity n.行动, 行为 / suspicius adj.可疑的, 怀疑的
4… B 课文中的and then强调动作的先后。
-- Having seen the mvie, they went fr a walk.
6... D a reply表示“任意”的一个答复
7... B unless = if nt 一般过去时
8… C infrm sb f/abut sth
9… C public n.公众, (特定的)人群
audience n.听众, 观众
lecture n.演讲
10… B print = publish
press n.压, 按 g t press 交付印刷
pressing adj.紧迫的；迫切的
impress vt.盖印, 留下印象
11... D
inncent adj.清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的
unfrtunate adj.不幸的
12... D
请求允许做某事：ask fr permissin t d sth
允许某人做某事：be given permissin t d sth
admit + 名词/动名词/that从句
Lessn 06 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n.砸橱窗抢劫
smash vt.打碎, 粉碎（= break sth int pieces vilently）vilently adv.猛烈地
-- Smash the car.
Smash vi.打碎, 粉碎（-- The dishes smashed n the flr.）
smash int 撞击到某处 （-- The bus smashed int a tree.）
grab v.抢夺, 掠夺, 夺取（= seize suddenly）
-- He grabbed me by the arm.
-- He grabbed the cin and ran ff. 他抓起硬币就跑了。
snatch vt.抢, 夺取（= catch sth/sb suddenly and vilently）
-- The big bird snatches the hen frm the grund.
Seize v.抓住, 逮住, 夺取（强调抓住、抓到的结果）
-- Fear seized her. 她突然感觉很恐惧。
catch vt.捕获, 赶上(车船等) （= get hld f sth/sb mving）
-- catch muse / catch bus / catch a thief
Grasp 强调“掌握”
-- We have already grasped six thusand wrds.
Hld 强调抓牢、抓紧（catch hld f 抓住）
-- He is hlding an umbrella.
arcade n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）
Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街
Jewellery n.珠宝（总称）
Necklace n.项链
Ring n.戒指
Backgrund n.背景 （n the backgrund f sth.）
-- backgrund infrmatin 背景资料
-- a man f excellent backgrund 有很好的背景的人
velvet n.天鹅绒，丝绒
headlight n.（汽车等）前灯
blare v.发嘟嗜声，吼叫
staff n.全体工作人员
raid n.偷袭 / raid vt., vi.袭击, 突击
scramble v.爬行（= creep quickly）
-- The tw thieves scrambled int their car.
Climb vt.爬上（-- climb up the tree）
Munt vt.登上（-- munt the hill）
Fantastic adj. 非常大的
1> = very great / very large 非常大的
-- a fantastic sum f mney = a very large sum f mney
2> = strange adj.奇怪的, 奇异的
-- a strange dream = a fantastic dream
3> = wnderful adj.极好的, 美好的, 极妙的
-- a fantastic play.
ashtray n.烟灰缸
wner n.所有者, 业主
admire vt. 以赞赏的眼光看着
busily adv.忙碌地
arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
hrn n.(牛、羊等的)角, 喇叭
rar vi.吼叫, 怒号
jeweler n.珠宝商, 宝石匠,钟表匠
wheel n.（汽车的）方向盘
irn n.铁 adj.铁的
furniture n.家具
diamnd n.钻石, 菱形
Text 课文
Hw did Mr. Taylr try t stp the thieves?
The expensive shps in a famus arcade near Piccadilly were just "pening.
介词短语修饰shps
-- The she shp in my neighbrhd was just pening.
在我家附近的鞋店刚刚开门营业
At this time f the mrning, the arcade was almst empty.
Mr. Taylr, the wner f a jewellery shp was admiring a new windw display.
BeiJing, ur capital, is develping enrmusly.
-- enrmusly adv.非常地, 巨大地（= at fantastic speed）
Tw f his assistants had been wrking busily since eight 'clck and had nly just finished.
Diamnd necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged n a backgrund f black
velvet.
After gazing at the display fr several minutes, Mr. Taylr went back int his shp.
After gazing at… = After he gazed at…
After having gazed at… = After he had gazed at…
The silence was suddenly brken when a large car, with its headlights n and its hrn
blaring, rared dwn the arcade.
with的符合结构：（独立主格结构）
1>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用现在分词形式作宾补。
-- She sat staring int the distance with tears streaming dwn her cheeks.
她坐着凝视着远方泪流满面。 （Cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
-- She std there with her hands resting n her hips
2>如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补。
-- He ran int the rm with his face cvered with tears.
-- With his hmewrk finished, he felt happy.
3>如果表达某事将要发生，要用动词不定式t；
-- With a lt f wrk t d, he can't g t the cinema.
4>如果是说明当时的情况，常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态；
-- He used t sleep with all the windws pen.（pen adj.开着的）
-- He went ut with his hat n.（n是副词）
-- With the meeting ver, we went hme.（ver adv.结束）
-- He came in with a knife in his hand.（in his hand --介词短语）
-- Tw thers with black stckings ver their faces jumped ut.（ver their faces --介词短语）
另外两个脸上蒙着黑色袜子的人跳了出来。
5>总结：
with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等。
with如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词。
-- a thief with stcking ver his face.
-- a teacher with a bk under his arm.
-- a rm with the windws pen.
It came t a stp utside the jeweller's.
cme t 后面常接名词, 表示达到
-- cme t a stp停下来 / cme t an end结束 / cme t a decisin做出决定
-- cme t an agreement达成协议 / cme t an understanding互相理解
-- cme t success获得成功, cme t fame成名
停车 stp = draw up = pull up
at the barber's在理发店 / at the butcher's在肉店 / at the baker's在面包店
at the greengrcer's在蔬菜水果店 / at the grcer's在杂货店 / at the statiner's 在文具店
at the tbaccnist's在烟草店 / at the chemist's在药店
barber n.理发员, 理发师
butcher n.屠夫, 肉商
baker n.面包师, 面包工人 n.<美>(便携式)烘炉
greengrcer n.蔬菜水果商人 n.蔬菜水果商店
grcer n.食品商人 n.杂货店
statiner n.文具商人 n.文具店
tbaccnist n.烟草商人 n.烟店
chemist n.化学家, 药剂师
One man stayed at the wheel while tw thers with black stcking ver their faces jumped
ut and smashed the windw f the shp with irn bars.
While this was ging n, Mr. Taylr was upstairs.
He and his staff began thrwing furniture ut f the windw.
Chairs and tables went flying int the arcade.
One f the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was t busy helping himself t
diamnds t ntice any pain.
help neself t 自便
-- My rmmate helped herself t my clthes withut asking me.
The raid was all ver in three minutes, fr the men scrambled back int the car and it mved
ff at a fantastic speed.
at a fantastic speed / at a tremendus speed / at a high speed / at a full speed
with great speed
Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylr rushed ut and ran after it thrwing ashtrays and vases,
but it was impssible t stp the thieves.
They had gt away with thusands f punds wrth f diamnds.
hundreds f thusands f dllars wrth f jewel
Special difficulties 难点
前缀构词法：
1> dis
加在形容词前
-- agreeable（adj.使人愉快的）  disagreeable（adj.不愉快的）
-- cntent（adj.满意的 vt.使满足）  discntent（adj.不满的 vt.令人不满 n.不满）
-- graceful（adj.优美的）  disgraceful（adj.使失体面的, 耻辱的）
-- hnest（adj.诚实的, 正直的）  dishnest（adj.不诚实的）
-- satisfactry（adj.满意的）  dissatisfactry（adj.不满意的）
加在名词前
-- agreement（n.同意）  disagreement（n.意见不同）
-- hnesty（n.诚实, 正直）  dishnesty（n.不诚实, 不老实）
-- ability（n.能力, 才干）  disability（n.无力, 无能）
-- grace（n.优美, 雅致）  disgrace（n.耻辱）
-- cmfrt（n.舒适 vt.安慰）  discmfrt（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适）
可以加在动词前
-- agree（v.同意）  disagree（v.不同意）
-- appear（vi.出现）  disappear（vi.消失, 不见）
-- believe（相信, 信任）  disbelieve（v.不信, 怀疑）
在名词前加dis得到动词, 表示除去、解除。
-- curage（n.勇气, 精神）  discurage（vt.使气馁）
-- rt（n.根, 根部）  disrt / unrt（vt.连根拔除）
-- mask（n.面具, 掩饰 v.戴面具, 掩饰）  unmask / dismask（vt.揭露, 暴露）
-- burden（n.担子, 负担 v.负担）  disburden（v.解除负担）
2>il -- 加在以i开头的形容词之前
-- legal（adj.法律的, 法定的）  illegal（adj.违法的）
-- lgical（adj.合乎逻辑的）  illgical（adj.不合逻辑的）
-- literate（adj.有文化的 n.学者）  illiterate（adj.没受教育的 n.文盲）
3>im -- 加在以b, m, p开头的形容词之前
-- pssible（adj.可能的）  impssible（adj.不可能的）
-- mrtal（adj.必死的, 人类的）  immrtal（adj.不朽的）
-- mral（adj.道德的）  immral（adj.不道德的）
-- balanced（adj.平衡的）  imbalanced（adj.不平衡的）
-- balance （n.平衡）  imbalance（n.不平衡）
4>ir -- 加在以r开头的形容词之前
-- regular（adj.规则的）  irregular（adj.不规则的）
-- ratinal（adj.理性的）  irratinal（adj.无理性的）
-- resistible（adj.可抵抗的）  irresistlble（adj.不可抵抗的）
5>in --主要用于其它字母开头的词之前
-- human（adj.人性的）  inhuman（adj.野蛮的）
-- crrect（adj.正确的）  incrrect（adj.不正确的）
-- justice（n.正义, 公平）  injustice（n.不正义, 不公平）
-- sincere（adj.真诚的）  insincere（adj.虚假的, 不真诚的）
6>un --只能用于形容词和动词之前
不
-- happy（adj.快乐的）  unhappy（adj.不幸的, 不快乐的）
-- friendly（adj.友好的）  unfriendly（adj.不友好的）
-- lucky（adj.幸运的）  unlucky（adj.不幸的）
无
-- cnditinal（adj.有条件的）  uncnditinal（adj.无条件的）
-- limited（adj.有限的）  unlimited（adj.无限的）
非
-- fficial（adj.官方的, 正式的）  unfficial（adj.非官方的, 非正式的）
-- just（adj.正义的, 公正的）  unjust（adj.不公平的）
未（主要用于过去分词之前）
-- undecided（adj.未定的）  unfinished（adj.未完成的）
-- unexpected（adj.未预料到）  unhurt（adj.没有受伤的）
用于动词之前表示做相反的动作
-- lck（v.锁, 锁上）  unlck（vt.开...锁）
-- tie（vt.系, 打结）  untie（vi.松开, 解开）
-- cver（vt.覆盖）  uncver（vt.揭开, 揭露）
-- pack（vt.包装）  unpack（v.打开包裹）
-- dress（v.穿衣）  undress（vt.使脱衣服）
-- lad（v.装载）  unlad（v.卸货）
Exercise：
1> plite（adj.有礼貌的）  implite（adj.无礼的, 粗鲁的）
2> agree  disagree
3> legible（adj.清晰的, 易读的）  illegible（adj.难辨认的, 字迹模糊的）
4> accurate（adj.正确的, 精确的）  inaccurate（adj.错误的, 不准确的）
5> lcked  unlcked
6> regular  irregular
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.B正确 n ne's way t d
-- He is n the/his way t becme a lawyer.
2.A正确 warn smebdy ut f ne's way 警告某人别挡住去路
in ne's way 挡住某人的去路
-- Yu are in my way. 挡住了我的去路。
3.C正确4. C正确
形容词和名词共同修饰名词时, 形容词在前, 名词在后。（adj + n +被修的名词）
-- an ld village schl
-- an empty beer glass
5.B正确 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6. A正确 made f 可以看出原材料
7. A正确 began ding smething = began t d smething8.D正确9. A正确
accelerate v.加速, 促进
-- The driver accelerated t pass the ther car.
speed v.加快（加快动作和工作的进程, 常和up连用）
-- We'd better speed up, if we want t get there in time.
-- The car sped alng the rad.
Reverse vt.倒车, 颠倒, 倒转
-- The car reversed thrugh the gate.
10. A正确
Overdressed v.(使)穿得太讲究
-- I fell rather verdressed in this smart suit.
Overlked vt.俯瞰, 远眺
11. B正确
fr the time being = temprarily（adv.临时）
meanwhile = at the same time
As it happened 随着这类事情的发生
fr a while = fr a mment
12. C正确
fly  flew  flwn （fly 是不及物动词, 不能用于被动语态。）
-- g flying
-- send sth flying （send sth ding） （directin n.方向）
-- A gust f wind sent the paper flying in all directins 一阵风刮得纸片到处乱飞。
hurl vt.用力投掷
prject v.发射 （= send up 发出, 射出, 长出）
Lessn 07 Mutilated ladies 残钞鉴别组
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Mutilate v.使残缺不全 / mutilatin n.切断, 毁损
及物动词（经常用于被动语态）
1> 毁伤、残害
-- He was mutilated in the accident, and nw has nly ne leg.
-- a mutilated nte 一张残缺不全的钞票
2> 把...搞砸了
-- Yu've already mutilated the nvel by making such changes.
Dllar = dad president 美元
chew v.咀嚼
-- A lt f peple lve chewing gums.（chewing gums口香糖）（gum n.树脂, 橡胶）
-- Dn't bite ff mre than ne can chew. 不要贪多嚼不烂。 Bite（n.咬）
chew the fat 聊天, 闲谈
chewed up 着急的、担心的 嚼碎, 毁坏, 消耗
-- Dn't get wrried abut yur examinatin.
-- Dn't get chewed up abut yur examinatin.
Micrwave n.微波，微波炉
Micrswitch 微型开关
Micrfilm 缩影胶片
Micrscpe 显微镜
Micrsecnd 一百万分之一秒, 微秒
Micrphne 扩音器, 麦克风
Micrbilgy 微生物学
micr adj.极小的, 微小的 / macr adj.巨大的
ven n.炉灶
safekeeping n.妥善保管
keep smething safe
-- Please keep yur ID card safe. 妥善保管你的身份证。
干坏事： d evil (动词) / evil ding (名词)
惹麻烦： make truble (动词) / truble making (名词)
Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔（英国港市）
Identify v.鉴定, 识别（= prve identity f sb r sth）
-- He can't identify the persn
identity n.身份
-- S far the archelgists have been unable t discver her identity.
= S far the archelgists have been unable t identify her.
identificatin n.辨认, 鉴定, 证明
spkeswman n.女发言人
trusers n.裤子, 长裤 Britain n.英国 despair n.绝望, 失望 vi.绝望
cncern vt.涉及, 关系到 dismay n.沮丧, 惊慌 nte n.纸币 ash n.灰, 灰烬
Text 课文
Why did Jane ck Jhn's wallet?
Has it ever happened t yu? Have yu ever put yur trusers in the washing machine and
then remembered there was a large bank nte in yur back pcket?
断首或断尾运用疑问句：
断首--主要引起读者的兴趣和注意力。
断尾--进一步巩固、加深与本段所涉及的内容，并引起读者的沉思。
When yu rescued yur trusers, did nte in yur back pcket?
Rescued vt.援救, 营救
-- Hundreds f peple went t rescue the plane crash.
Rescue是一个大词（大词小用可以加强语气）
When yu rescued yur trusers, did yu find the nte was whiter than white?
whiter than white = damaged, mutilated
Peple wh live in Britain needn't despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lt f
peple d)!
needn't despair(v.) = needn’t feel despaired(adj.)
Frtunately fr them, the Bank f England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals
with claims frm peple wh fed their mney t a machine r t their dg.
Frtunately fr them = luckily fr them = happily fr them
Team n.队, 组（= Organizatin n.组织, 机构, 团体）
called Mutilated Ladies = that called Mutilated Ladies
-- 这里采用分词called是为了不和后面which引导的定语从句从复
deal with v.处理 （deal vi.处理, 应付）
Claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 索赔
-- make a claim fr 对（赔偿等）提出要求...
feed vt.vi.( fed , fed, feeding) 给吃, 喂
-- feed sth t… 把某物喂给…
Dgs, it seems, lve t chew up mney!
it seems 似乎
本句= It seems that dgs lve t chew up mney!
A recent case cncerns Jane Butlin whse fiancé, Jhn, runs a successful furniture business.
第二段充分的说明了约翰是怎么样把钱从银行里拿回来
cncern vt.涉及到 （= is abut）
run a factry 开一家工厂 / run a cmpany 开一家公司
Jhn had a very gd day and put his wallet cntaining $3,000 int the micrwave ven fr
safekeeping.
I have a very gd day. 我今天过得很好。
I have a gd time. 我玩得很高兴。
Fr safekeeping = t keep it safe
Wallet cntaining… = wallet which cntained…
Then he and Jane went hrse-riding.
g hrse-riding / g fishing / g hunting / g shpping
When they gt hme, Jane cked their dinner in the micrwave ven and withut realizing
it, cked her fiancé's wallet as well.
Imagine their dismay when they fund a beautifully-cked wallet and ntes turned t ash!
beautifully-cked wallet 用一种讽刺的口吻, 一种幽默
turn t = turned int = becme
Jhn went t see his bank manager wh sent the remains f wallet and the mney t the
special department f the Bank f England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies!
Wh = bank manager
They examined the remain and Jhn gt all his mney back.
'S lng as there's smething t identify, we will give peple their mney back,' said a spkeswman fr the Bank. 'Last year, we paid $1.5m n 21,000 claims.
s lng as = as lng as = n cnditin that 只要…（表假设）
pay mney fr… 为...付多少钱
-- We paid 80 dllars fr the dictinary.
pay ff 还清(债务等)付清
-- The cuples have already paid their debts ff
pay back
1> 把钱归还回去 pay mney back
2> 报复、报仇 pay smebdy back-- Dn’t say that again r I will pay yu back.
Special difficulties 难点
Interval n.间隔, 距离, 幕间休息
如何运用后缀（名词+后缀动词）
1> less（表示：否定概念）
-- care（n.v.注意, 关心） careless（adj.粗心的）
2> ful（表示：有, 充满了）
-- success（n.成功） successful（adj.成功的）
-- hpeful（adj.怀有希望的） / careful（adj.小心的, 仔细的）
3> ly（形容词+ ly  副词），（名词+ ly  形容词）
-- daily（adj.adv.每日的）/ weekly（adj.adv.每星期的）
-- yearly（adj.adv.每年的）/ hurly（adj.每小时的）
4> ic / pic
-- energetic（adj.精力充沛的, 积极的）
-- athlete（n.运动员, 运动选手） athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
5> ish
-- fl（n.愚人） flish（adj.愚蠢的）
-- childish（adj.孩子气的）/ wmanish（adj.像女人的）
Exercise：
1> painless（adj.无痛的, 不痛的）
2> beautiful
3> daily
4> childish（--ish的形容词具有贬义色彩）
5> athletic（adj.运动的, 体育的, 身体健壮的）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.B正确 invlve vt.包括, 使陷入
2.D正确
-- identify  identifiable（adj.可以确认的）
-- return  returnable（adj.可退回的）
-- eat  eatable（adj.可以吃的）
3.B正确 unless = if nt
4.A正确 c) any large bank ntes（any +复数）
5.C正确 真实的条件句
6.B正确
一般来说, 如果表示某人的东西就用 's.
如果采用介词f表示所属关系, 被修饰名词前要出现定冠词。
-- Mary’s bk = the bk f Mary
7.C正确 简单句, 选用一般过去式
8.A正确 safety n.安全, 保险
9.A正确
-- in charge f 某人负责某物
-- in the charge f 某物由某人负责
10.D正确 -- becme ash = turn t ash = turn int ash
11.B正确
send = dispatch（vt.送, 派遣, 发出）= deliver（vt.递送, 交付）
cnvey（vt.运输, 运送） fetch（vt.去取回来）
12.B正确
prvided（cnj.倘若）= prviding（cnj.倘若）
-- Prvided that yu reduce the price, I'll take all the gds.
假如你减价, 我会买下所有的货物。
c) suppsed的形式不对, suppse和suppsing都可以。
-- Suppse（cnj.假使...结果会怎样）= suppsing（cnj.万一, 假使）
Lessn 08 A famus mnastery 著名的修道院
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Mnastery n.寺院，修道院
Abbt n.男修道院院长
Cnvent n.女修道会, 女修道院
Nun n.修女
abbess n.女修道院院长
St. Bernard 圣伯纳德
Pass n.关隘
Watchdg n.看门狗
Rashly adv.莽撞地，冒失地
Bldly adv.大胆地, 显眼地
Enclsure n.围场，圈地
Mnk n.和尚
Privacy n.清静，隐居
Skier n.滑雪者
Ski n.滑雪橇 vi.滑雪（-- g skiing）
Easter n.复活节
-- at Easter 在复活节 / at Christmas 在圣诞节 / at Thanksgiving 在感恩节
cnnect （v.连接, 联合, 关连）
Switzerland （n.瑞士, 欧洲中部国家）
Italy （n.意大利, 欧洲南部国家）
Metre = Meter （n.米, 公尺）
Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying （vi.位于, 躺, 平放）
Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying（vi.说谎）
Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying（vt.放置, 产卵）
Eurpe （n.欧洲） Asia （n.亚洲）
Tunnel （n.隧道, 地道） Attempt （vt.尝试, 企图）
Freedm （n.自由, 自主） Wander （vi.漫步, 徘徊）
Regular （adj.规则的, 有秩序的, 经常的）
Party （n.团体, 一伙人）
Peace （n. 静寂, 安宁, 和平, 和睦）
Minus adj.负的, 减的 prep.减去 n.负数
Minus adj.负的负的或在负值区间的
-- a minus value 一个负值 / minus five degrees 零下五度
Degree n.度数, 度, 程度
Text 课文
What are the St. Bernard dgs used fr?
The Great St. Bernard Pass cnnects Switzerland t Italy.
St. = saint（n.圣人, 圣徒 adj.神圣）
Bernard n.伯纳德(男子名)
Pass n.关口
把...与…连接在一起 cnnect…t… / jin….t… / link…with…
把...与某事联系在一起
-- I can't cnnect the picture with my friend, Mary.
be cnnected with 与...有联系
-- Are yu cnnected with the gvernment?
At 2,473 metres, it is the highest muntain pass in Eurpe.
At 2,473 metres（介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态）
-- In red, she lks much mre beautiful.
-- At the age f 25, he is able. 在十五岁的时候, 他很能干。
-- At ne pint 65 metres, he is a little shrt.
The famus mnastery f St. Bernard, witch was funded in the eleventh century, lies abut
a mile away.
Fund（v.建立, 创立）= set up（设立, 竖立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
1> 非限制性定语从句只是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充、说明和解释, 去掉
对主句影响不大。
2> 限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分。
1>wh引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语
-- Mr. Smith was a famus persn in American histry.
-- Mr. Smith, wh died n July 17th at 84, was a famus persn in American histry.
-- There were very few passengers, wh escaped withut serius injury.（n.伤害）
旅客很少, 他们都逃出来了, 没有受到重伤。
-- There were very few passengers wh escaped withut serius injury.
没有受重伤而逃出来的旅客很少。
-- The taxi drivers, wh knew abut the traffic jam, tk anther rad.
所有司机都知道堵车的事, 都走了别的路。
-- The taxi drivers wh knew abut the traffic jam tk anther rad, and thers wh didn't knw
abut the traffic jam still tk this heavy rad.
得知堵车的司机走了别的路, 不知道堵车事件的司机仍然走这条路。
2>指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which, 不用that。
-- He lent me a thusand dllars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3>指代时间when、地点where
-- He was left n the desert island, where he stayed fr as lng as three weeks.
他被留在了荒岛上, 在那里他呆了长达三周之久。
Fr hundreds f years, St. Bernard dgs have saved the lives f travellers crssing the
dangerus Pass.
Life（n.生命, 生活） lives（life的复数）
These friendly dgs, which were first brught frm Asia, were used as watchdgs even in
Rman times.
which指代friendly dgs
-- The panda, which was brught frm China, was used as a symbl f friendship
symbl（n.象征）
Nw that a tunnel ahs been built thrugh the muntains, the Pass is less dangerus, but each
year, the dgs are still sent ut int the snw whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
Nw that 既然
1> 用做时间连接词, 后面通常跟完成式
-- Nw that yu have left university, yu have t find a jb.
2> 用做原因连接词时, 后面时态不限
-- Nw that yu wn't help me, I must d the jb myself.
whever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, hwever
= n matter wh/what/when/where/which/hw
-- Yu can telephne me whenever yu like. 无论什么时候你想打电话给我都行。
-- Whichever day yu cme, we'll be pleased t see yu.
-- Wherever yu g, I'll fllw yu.
-- Hwever busy yu are, yu must spare sme time t study English.
Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few peple wh rashly attempt t crss the Pass n
ft.
Despite(介词) = in spite f (f是介词)
attempt t d smething = try t d smething 企图做某事
There be结构：
-- There are still a few students studying English in the classrm.
= There are still a few students wh are studying English in the classrm.
依旧有些学生在教室学习英语。
During the summer mnths, the mnastery is very busy, fr it is visited by thusands f
peple wh crss the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
As there are s many peple abut, the dgs have t be kept in a special enclsure.
Abut（adv.到处, 周围）
-- Dn't litter waste paper abut. 不要到处扔废纸。 Litter（vt.乱丢, 铺草, 弄乱）
-- lk abut 到处看 / g abut 到处走 / run abut 到处跑 / wander abut 到处闲逛
keep经常和介词短语、形容词、分词搭配使用, 表示使某人或某物处于某种状态。
-- Keep him ut. / Keep him in.（介词）
-- D keep the cat in the rm. （介词）
-- I'm srry t keep yu waiting.（现在分词）
-- The lamb was kept tight t a tree. = I kept the lamb tight t a tree.
lamb（n.小羊, 羔羊） / tight（adj.紧的, 绷紧的）
In winter, hwever, life at the mnastery is quite different.
quite the ppsite 恰恰相反
The temperature drps t -30°and very few peple attempt t crss the Pass.
The mnks prefer winter t summer f they have mre privacy.
prefer A t B 宁愿A也不愿B
-- I prefer reading t ding nthing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
-- The by prefers apples t bananas.
prefer t d sth than d sth
-- He prefers t read than d nthing. 我宁愿看书, 也不愿什么都不做。
The dgs have greater freedm, t, fr they are allwed t wander utside their enclsure.
The nly regular visitrs t the mnastery in winter are parties f skiers wh g there at
Christmas and Easter.
The regular visitrs t BeiJing.
These yung peple, wh lve the peace f muntains, always receive a warm welcme at
St. Bernard's mnastery.
Mike, wh lves chess very much, enter fr the game.
Chess（n.国际象棋）
Special difficulties 难点
1> what
2> when engaged（adj.忙碌的, 使用中的）
3> wh
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... C be best knwn fr = be famus fr… 众所周知, 因...而著名
attractin（n.吸引, 吸引力） trap（vt.使受限制, 设陷）
2... C the main advantage（n.好处, 优势, 有利条件）
endanger（vt.危及）
Swiss（n.瑞士人 adj.瑞士的, 瑞士人的）
Italian（n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的）
3... D differ（vi.不一致, 不同）
ccupatin（n.工作, 职业） undisturbed（adj.不受打扰的）
pursue（vt.从事, 继续, 追赶） relatively（adv.相对地, 比较地）
4... D 名词作表语（原句中为at介词短语作状语）
5... A 形容词或副词和enugh t d搭配
b）选项错在s rash as t （-- Yu are s kind as t help me.）
6... A with的复合结构形式
-- A large car, with its headlights n and its hrn blaring, rared dwn the arcade.
-- With s many peple arund me, I fell happy.
7... C 让某人做某事：let sb d
8... C 泛泛的概念采取一般现在时
9... B 强调两者之间
10... Awhenever = if ever 无论什么时候, 只要情况是如此
-- Whenever/if ever yu pur il n water, it flats.（vi.飘浮）
in case（cnj.万一） 主要是讨论预防措施
-- Yu shuld insure yur huse in case there is a fire.
11... D vyage（n.vi.航海, 航行）
12... C wander = ram（v.漫游, 闲逛, 徜徉）
graze（v.放牧, 吃草）drift（n.v.漂流）= flat（n.v.浮动, 飘浮） wnder（vt.想知道, 感到奇怪）
Lessn 09 Flying cats 飞猫
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Fascinate v.迷住，吸引住
Fascinatin（n.魔力, 入迷, 魅力）
Fascinating（adj.令人着迷的）
-- Sweet music is fascinating.
Fascinated（adj.感到着迷的）
Be fascinated with… 迷上了…
-- He is fascinated with music.
-- He is fascinated with chess. / Are yu fascinated with English?
Be crazy abut… 着迷于…
-- He is crazy abut music.
Be mad abut… 着迷于…
-- He is mad abut music.
Like, Lve, Be fnd f 喜欢
-- The by is fnd f ftball.
Affectinate adj.充满深情，柔情的
-- Cats are affectinate animals.
Affectinately（adv.充满深情的, 有感情的, 慈爱的）
-- The lady is lking that man affectinately
affectin（n.友爱, 爱情, 影响, 疾病, 倾向）
affect（vt.影响, 感动）
Mysterius adj.神秘的，难以理解的
-- a mysterius plan / a mysterius explanatin
mystery（n.谜面，神秘感）
-- His death is a mystery.
Submissive adj.服从的，顺从的
be submissive t sb
-- Dgs and hrses are submissive, but cats are never submissive t us.
Obedient（adj.服从的, 孝顺的）
-- Are yu bedient?
Submit（v.服从, 顺从）
-- submit neself t sb/sth
Submissin（n.屈服, 降服, 服从）
Feline adj.猫的
Independence n.独立，独立性 dependence（n.依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖）
Independent（adj.独立自主的, 不受约束的） dependent（adj.依靠的, 依赖的）
-- Yu have already grwn up, yu must be independent.
Depend（vi.依靠, 依赖） independ 没有此词
-- Yu must depend n yurself.
high-rise adj.高层的
windwsill n.窗槛
paratrper n.伞兵
squirrel n.松鼠
air-resistance n.空气阻力
impact n.冲击力
height（n.高度, 海拔, 高地[常用复数]）
prtect（vt.保护）
remain（vi.保持）
suspicius（adj.可疑的, 怀疑的）
apparently（adj.显然的, 外观上的）
ability（n.能力, 才干）
fall（vi.倒下, 落下）--（fell, fallen, falling）
medical（adj.医学的, 内科的）
perid（n.时期, 学时）
shck（n.打击, 震动）
injury（n.伤害, 侮辱） injure（vt.损害, 伤害）
ideal（n.理想 adj.理想的, 完美的）
sill（n.窗台, 门槛）
strey（n.层 = [美]stry）
behave（vi.举动, 举止, 运转）
suffer（vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受 vi.受痛苦, 受损害）
stretch（v.伸展, 伸长）
increase（n.增加 vt.增加, 加大 vi.增加, 繁殖）
resistance（n. 阻力, 电阻, 抵抗力, 反抗, 抵抗）
reduce（vt.减少, 缩小）
Text 课文
Hw d cats try t prtect themselves when falling frm great heights?
Cats never fail t fascinate human beings.
never fail t 双重否定意味肯定（运用双重否定结构加深句子肯定的语气）
-- If yu ask fr help in the plite way, yu never fail t succeed.
-- If yu receive requests like this, yu'll never fail t accept.
双重否定结构：（起加深句子肯定的语气的作用）
1>否定词+fail t
-- never fail t / can't fail t / dn't fail t
2>否定的形容词之前加以否定
-- What he said is nt unreasnable.（adj.不讲道理的, 不合理的）
-- It is quite cmmn fr us t make mistakes.
= It is nt uncmmn fr us t make mistakes.
3> nt + withut
-- Yu can't btain English withut wrking hard. Obtain（vt.获得, 得到）
-- He desn't have any meal withut meats.
4> n + nt
-- There is n cat that desn't like fish.
-- There is nthing that he can't d. 没有什么他不能做的。
-- There is n rule that has n exceptin. 没有无例外的法规。Exceptin（n.除外, 例外）
They can be friendly and affectinate twards humans, but they lead mysterius lives f
their wn as well.
as well 也, 又, 同样
They never becme submissive like dgs and hrses.
As a result, humans have learned t respect feline independence.
as a result adv.结果
have learned t 学会了, 习惯了
-- Peple have learned t expect(盼望) that trains are punctual.（adj.准时的）
-- Children have learned t expect(认为) that their parents are very able.（adj.能干的）
Mst cats remain suspicius f humans all their lives.
be suspicius f… 对…表示怀疑, 存有戒心
One f the things that fascinates us mst abut cats is the ppular belief that they have nine
lives.
that 引导同位语从句
-- One f the things that fascinates us mst abut planes is the ppular fact that they are safe and
fast.
Apparently, there is a gd deal f truth in this idea. herehere
a gd deal f +不可数名词
apparently（adv.显然地），语气不是非常确定（= It seems that...）
A cat's ability t survive falls is based n fact.
Survive（v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还）
Fall（n.堕落, 落下, 下降）
-- a cat's ability t survive falls is based n fact
be based n 基于事实基础之上
base sth n … 把某事建立在…基础之上
-- We base the thery n the fact. 我们把这理论建立在事实的基础之上。
-- The thery is based n fact. 这理论是建立在事实基础上的。
Recently the New Yrk Animal Medical Center made a study f 132 cats ver a perid f five
mnths.
make a study f sth 对什么作出研究
ver a perid f five mnths
All these cats had ne experience in cmmn: they had fallen ff high buildings, yet nly
eight f them died frm shck r injuries.
in cmmn = the same
fall ff 坠落，掉落
die f + illness, disease, hunger, thirst
die frm + shck, injures, wund
Of curse, New Yrk is the ideal place fr such an interesting study, because there is n
shrtage f tall buildings.
Shrtage（n.不足, 缺乏）= lack（n.缺乏, 短缺），两个词都和f搭配
-- Shrtage f mney led t the failure f the experiments.
资金缺乏导致实验的失败。
There are plenty f high-rise windwsills t fall frm! One cat, Sabrina, fell 32 streys, yet
nly suffered frm a brken tth.
32 streys
suffer frm 遭受什么痛苦
-- A lt f peple in the wrld are suffering frm terrible disease.
'Cats behave like well-trained paratrpers.' a dctr said.
behave like = act like
well-trained 训练很好的，well-decrated 装饰漂亮的
It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely t injure themselves.
the mre...（用定冠词the +形容词或副词的比较级）
-- The harder yu study English, the better yu can learn it.
-- The mre yu eat, the fatter yu will be.
be likely t d 有可能如何（强调可能性）
-- In cld winter, we are likely t catch a cld.
In a lng drp, they reach speeds f 60 miles an hur and mre.
and mre 甚至更多（= mre than 60 miles an hur）
At high speeds, falling cats have time t relax. They stretch ut their legs like
flying squirrels.
at high speeds
stretch ut 充分伸展
This increases their air-resistance and reduces the shck f impact when they hit the grund.
Special difficulties 难点
s, such, such a, such an
1> s
2> such （fun是不可数名词）
3> such an （exhibitin n.展览会）
4> s （twin n.双胞胎中一人）
5> such a
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... A endlessly fascinating 无穷的吸引人的
Endlessly（adv.不断地, 无穷尽地）
2... D
3... A
unlikely（adj.未必的, 不太可能的）
exceed（vt.超越, 胜过）
4... C
fr 对于人们来讲
with 对于人们来讲（强调对比概念）
-- With sme children, their pcket mney ges a lng way.（暗含：对于其他的孩子来说…）
Unfailing（adj.经久不衰的,无穷尽的）
Endless（adj.无止境的, 无穷的）
5... B
象…一样
in the way that... 以…方式
-- I lve yu in the way that yu lve me.
-- We like mdern art in the same way that we like pretty curtain material.
6... D ppularly（adv.一般地, 流行地, 通俗地, 大众地）
It is said that... 据说…
It is annunced that... 据宣布…
It is reprted that... 据报道…
7... B there is plenty f改为there are plenty f就对了
8... A
9... A
thrughut（prep.遍及, 贯穿）
-- thrughut ne's life 毕生, 整个一生中
during 在…期间（时间较短）
-- during ur hliday / during the week
thrugh 侧重强调从空间穿过
-- thrugh the crwd 穿过人群 / thrugh the dr
-- Mnday thrugh Friday
10... C It wuld seem (that)... = apparently
event n.结果, 事件, 事变 （in the event adv.结果, 如果）
Surprisingly（adv.令人惊讶地）
11... C
explain（v.解释, 说明）
test（v.测试, 试验, 检验）
bear vt.vi.（bre, brne/brn, bearing）v.负担, 忍受
supprt（vt.支撑, 扶持, 支持）
-- The thery is supprted by the fact.
-- The thery is based n the fact.
12... A
even s（cnj.虽然如此） 注意：要有上下文
-- He is very tired, even s he keeps studying English hard.
Althugh（cnj.虽然, 尽管）引导让步状语从句
in spite f（虽然, 尽管）只用了连接名词、动名词或代词
mrever（adv.而且；此外）表示递近关系
-- I dn't like skating; mrever, the ice is t thin. 我不喜欢溜冰，而且冰也太薄。
Lessn 10 The lss f the Titanic“泰坦尼克”号的沉没
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Suthamptn n.南安普敦（英国港市）
Clssal adj.庞大的（= large in size）
-- A ship Titanic was clssal.
-- A clssal mnument / A clssal statue
big
-- Yu give me a big surprise.
-- He is a big persn.（重要）
-- The bx is big.（large and heavy）
large（体积大 、数量大）
-- an empty large bx（体积大） / a large number f peple（数量大）
great （伟大）
vast （辽阔、广阔） -- vast desert
immense（adj.极广大的, 无边的）
-- immense = immeasurable 不可测量的 （measurable adj.可测量的）
-- an immense stadium / an immense iceberg
enrmus（重点突出数量、程度、体积）---强调程度时比big语气, 且更正式。
-- We had an enrmus lunch.
-- He made a big success. / He made an enrmus success.
Giant（n.巨人, 大力士 adj.庞大的, 巨大的）= gigantic（adj.巨人般的, 巨大的）
-- a giant persn
tremendus （= big、fast、pwerful）
-- The plane is travelling at tremendus speed.
Titanic（用于修饰人和物、体积大、力量大）
-- The ship is titanic.
Huge
-- 强调体积大a huge stne / 数量巨大a huge sum f mney
watertight adj.不漏水的 （-- a watertight ship）
watertight（引申为无限可击的、毫无破绽的）
-- watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点 / watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口
water prf（adj.防水的） prf（adj.不能透入的）
-- waterprf watch 防水手表 / waterprf cat 防水雨衣
cmpartment n.（轮船的）密封舱
fld v.充满水（= be filled with water）
-- The ship is flded.
-- The rm was flded with mnlight.
-- Our classrm is flded with sunshine.
Fld n.洪水（-- in fld 洪水泛滥）
-- During the rains, the river is in fld
引申表示连续不断的、滔滔不绝的（-- in a fld f wrds ）
-- She blamed her husband in a fld f wrds n seeing him.
Flat v.漂浮, 飘浮 = drift（vi,vt漂浮, 漂荡, 漂流 n.漂流物, 漂流）
tragic adj.悲惨的（= unfrtunate）-- a tragic accident
miserable（adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的）
bitter adj.痛苦的
tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案（-- in tragedy以悲剧形式）
-- The hliday ended in tragedy.
Cmedy n.喜剧
cmic adj.喜剧的, 滑稽的
cmical adj.古怪的, 可笑的（含有贬义）
liner n.班船
vyage n.航行（海上航行）/ flight飞行 / jurney长途行程
-- The vyage is mre than the ld lady can bear.
navigatin 航海, 航行学, 航海[航空]术
-- navigatin light 夜航灯光, 导航灯
Iceberg n.冰山
lkut n.了望员
cllisin n.碰撞
cllide vi 碰撞, 抵触
-- The plane cllided with the muntain.
crash v.坠毁
-- It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the muntains.
cnflict vi.和某事（某人）相抵触
-- My idea cnflicts with yurs.
clash vi.相冲突
-- His wedding clashed with my examinatin, s I culdn't g.
Narrwly adv.刚刚，勉强地
miss v.避开
slight adj.轻微的
tremble v.震颤（有规律的、小幅度的抖动）
-- Lk, yur hands are trembling. what's wrng with yu?
Shiver v.强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
-- I fund he's shivering in a cld.
shudder vi.强调全身的颤栗
-- The by is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.
Faint adj.微弱的（= weak adj.弱的, 虚弱的）
-- faint sund, weak sund / weak vice, faint vice
= uncnscius（adj.失去知觉, 无意识的）
-- He has been faint fr a lng time.
slight adj.轻微的, 微不足道的
-- a slight headache 点轻微的头疼 / a slight bk 一本微不足道的书
hrrr n.恐惧
abandn v.抛弃（因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物）
-- He abandned his research because f the war.
desert （vt.放弃, 遗弃, 离弃）
-- desert the army / desert the duty / desert his family
plunge v.投入，跳入（= jump r rush suddenly and wildly）
-- He gt s angry that he plunge int the water.
-- When the ship Titanic sank in the cean, a large number f peple plunged int...
jump（侧重强调快速地跳）
-- The by is jumping up and dwn.
Leap vt. 跳跃, 跳越（-- He leapt ut f the sleeping bad.）
Dive vi.潜水, 跳水, 下潜, 俯冲
lifebat n.救生船
passenger n.乘客, 旅客
crew n.全体人员 tn n.吨, 大量, 许多
unsinkable adj.不会下沉的，不会沉底的
sinking n.沉没 Atlantic n.大西洋 adj.大西洋的
Alarm n.警报
Sharply adj.突然地, 急剧地, 强烈地, 尖锐地
Direct adj.直接的, 笔直的
Trembling adj.发抖的, 震颤的, 颤抖的 n.发抖, 震颤
Text 课文
What wuld have happened if nly tw f the sixteen water-tight cmpartments had been flded?
The great ship, Titanic, sailed fr New Yrk frm Suthamptn n April 10th, 1912.
The great ship, Titanic, sailed fr... 背景介绍
sail fr… 航海去往某处
set ut fr / set ff fr 出发去往某处
leave fr / head fr / make fr 出发去往某处
-- He will set ut fr the Atlantic.
-- The plane is making fr the airprt.
-- We are heading fr Canada.
She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew f 891.
She was carrying... （carry 表示载有）
a crew f 一组人员
Even by mdern standards, the 46,000 tn Titanic was a clssal ship.
mdern standards 现代的标准
by = accrding t 表示依据
-- by regulatin依据规则 （regulatin n.规则, 规章）
-- by rules依据条例（rule n.规则, 惯例）
-- by ur estimate 依据我们的估计（estimate n.估计, 估价, 评估 v.估计, 估价, 评估）
-- by ne's lks = by ne's appearance 根据某人的长相（appearance n.外貌, 出现）
accrding t… 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
-- accrding t the fact 依据事实
-- accrding t the Text 课文 依据这篇课文
in accrdance with = accrding t
in accrdance with… 依据（法律等），更加正式
-- in accrdance with law / in accrdance with rules
in my pinin 在我看来
At the time, hwever, she was nt nly the largest ship that had ever been built, but was
regarded as unsinkable, fr she had sixteen watertight cmpartments.
At that time 在当时
nt nly... but(als)... 不仅…而且…
be regarded as = be cnsidered t be = be thught f as 把...看作为
口语中：regard sb./sth. As + (n./prn./adj./ding/dne)
-- I regard his idea as ttally unacceptable.（adj.无法接受的, 不受欢迎的）
-- We can't regard the matter as settled.（adj.定下的, 决定的）
fr 表示原因
Even if tw f these were flded, she wuld still be able t flat.
be able t 强调有能力
The tragic sinking f this great liner will always be remembered, fr she went dwn n her
first vyage with heavy lss f life.
be remembered 被永远记住 （always adv.永远, 始终, 总是）
g dwn = sink
n her first vyage 处女航, 首航
with heavy lss f life 损失惨重, 造成大批人员的死亡
Fur days after setting ut, while the Titanic was sailing acrss the icy water f the Nrth
Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly sptted by a lkut.
fur days after setting ut... = fur days after setting ff...
sptted = discvered
icy（adj.冰冷的, 冷淡的, 盖着冰的） waters（n.水域, 海域）
After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply t avid a direct cllisin.
the alarm had been given 发出警报
t avid... 不定式表目的
The Titanic turned just in time, narrwly missing the immense wall f ice which rse ver
100 feet ut f the water beside her.
Just in time 很及时
Missing… 现在分词做状语, 对主句的补充说明
which 指代the immense wall f ice
Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sund frm belw, and the captain went dwn t see
what had happened.
frm belw 从下方 / frm abve 从上方
The nise had been s faint that n ne thugh that the ship had been damaged.
S faint that n ne thught that...（…）
Belw, the captain realized t his hrrr that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, fr five f her
sixteen watertight cmpartments had already been flded!
t ne's hrrr 使某人感到惊恐
t ne's surprise 使某人感到惊讶
The rder t abandn ship was given and hundreds f peple plunged int the icy water.
The rder was given 命令被下达 / t abandn ship 弃船（不定式做定语）
-- be able t d sth 能够做某事 / the ability t d sth 做某事的能力
-- rder sb t d sth 命令某人做某事 / the rder t d sth 做某事的命令
-- be capable f ding sth 有能力做某事 / capability f ding sth 做某事的能力
ability（n.能力, 才干）
capable（adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的）
capability（n.能力, 才能, 才干）
As there were nt enugh lifebats fr everybdy, 1,500 lives were lst.
As = because
Special difficulties 难点
1>动词后加-er
如果是以不发音的e结尾的, 只加r（表示行为的主动者, 做某事的人）。
wrk  wrker / teachteacher / writewriter / readreader
murder（vt.谋杀, 凶杀） murderer（n.杀人犯, 凶手）
2>动词、名词后加-ist （表示某种主义信仰者, 从事某种职业、研究的人。）
Cpy  cpyist（n.抄写员, 模仿者）
type  typist（n.打字员）
nvel（n.小说, 长篇故事） nvelist（n.小说作家）
drug（n.药） druggist（n.药商, 药剂师）
tbacc（n.烟草, 烟草制品） tbaccnist（n.烟草商, 烟店）
3 >形容词后加-ness（抽象名词, 表示一种性质、情况、状态）
kind  kindness（n.仁慈, 亲切, 好意, 善意）
bitter  bitterness（n.苦味, 辛酸, 苦难）
happy  happiness（n.幸福, 快乐）--- 以结尾要变y为i加ness.
willing（adj.乐意的, 自愿的） willingness（n.自动自发,积极肯干）
4>某些动词后加-in,构成名词。
Suggest  suggestin
pssess（vt.占有, 拥有, 持有） pssessin（n.拥有, 占有）
cllect  cllectin（n.收藏, 搜集品）
以-te结尾的动词, 把不发音的-e去掉, 在加-in.
Translate（vt.翻译, 解释, 转化）  translatin（n.翻译, 译文, 转化）
cmplete  cmpletin（n.完成）
graduate（v.(使)(大学)毕业） graduatin（n.毕业, 毕业典礼）
某些以-aim/-ain结尾的动词、把-i去掉，在加-atin.
Explain（v.解释, 说明） explanatin（n.解释, 解说, 说明）
Exclaim（v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫） exclamatin（n.惊叫, 喊叫）
5>（以-able/-ible结尾的）形容词之后加-ity变成（以-ability/-ibility结尾的）抽象名词
（表示性质、状态）
able  ability
prbable（adj.很可能的, 大概的） prbability（n.可能性, 或然性, 概率）
pssible（adj.可能的） pssibility（n.可能性, 可能发生的事物）
mbile（adj.可移动的, 机动的） mbility（n.活动性, 灵活性, 机动性）
Exercise：
Vilin（n.小提琴） vilinist（n.小提琴演奏者, 小提琴家）
Respnsible（adj.有责任的, 可靠的） respnsibility（n.责任, 职责）
Careless（adj.粗心的, 疏忽的）  carelessness
1> physics（n.物理学） physicist（n.物理学者, 唯物论者）
2> mine（n.矿v.开采, 开矿） miner（n.矿工）
3> human（n.人类adj.人类的） humanity（n.人性, 人类）
4> impress（vt.留下印象） impressin（n.印象, 感想）
-- make a gd impressin
5> riginal（adj.最初的, 原始的） riginality（n.创意, 创造性）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... D maiden（n.少女, 处女 adj.未婚的, 纯洁的, 处女的）
-- n her first = maiden vyage 首航, 处女航
2…C curse（n.过程, 路线, 课程）-- steep（adj.陡峭的, 险峻的） steeply（adv.险峻地）
3... A
4... B n bard her（her指代的是the great ship）
-- n bard the plane 在飞机上 -- n bard the train 在火车上-- n bard the ship 在轮船上
5... D 表示下沉的可能性
6… D 有了“段时间”fur days, 所以用过去完成进行时。
7... B s位于句首, 句子必须倒装。8... D
9... A veer（vi.转向vt.使转向）= turn
10... C just in time = with n time t spare 躲得很及时
in next t n time = at nce = immediately
n a sudden impulse 凭一时的冲动（impulse n.冲动, 推动, 刺激）
11... B 重点在于下去调查
investigate（v.调查, 研究） examine（v.检查, 调查）
12... A rm（n.空间）
vlume（n.容量, 容积）
area（n.范围, 区域,地区）
place（n.地方, 地点）
Lessn 11 Nt guilty 无罪
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Guilty adj.犯罪的，违法的
-- He felt guilty when he did what he shuldn't have dne.
-- He said that with a guilty smile.
Guilt (n.罪行, 内疚) guiltily (adv.有罪地, 有罪似地)
反义词：inncent (adj.清白的, 无罪的) inncence (n.清白)
tlerant adj.宽容的  Tlerantly (adv.)
-- A tlerant persn must be easy ging. 一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。
Tlerance (n.宽容, 忍受, 容忍) Tlerate (vt.忍受, 容忍)
Tlerable (adj.可忍受的) hardship (n.困苦, 艰难, 辛苦)
-- The hardship is tlerable. 这种困苦还是可以忍受的。
declare v.申报
hardened adj.有经验的（侧重于老练的）
-- a hardened player / a hardened thief
experienced adj.富有经验的 (侧重于有经验的)
-- an experienced teacher
prfessinal adj.职业的，专业的
-- a prfessinal player 一个职业的选手
smuggler n.走私者
fficius adj.爱管闲事的 / Officiusness (n.)
-- A lt f ld ladies are fficius.
Officius adj.多管闲事的, 非官方的, 非正式的, 专横的
-- civil（adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的）
-- servant（n.仆人）
-- civil servant n.文职人员,公务员,公仆,(联合国等机构的行政人员)
-- fficius civil servant 爱管闲事的的公务员
-- an fficius plice fficer 专横的的警官
Officiusly（adv.多管闲事的, 非正式的, 非官方的）
fficial adj.官方的, 官员的, 正式的
-- An fficial inquiry will be made int this matter.（inquiry n.质询, 调查）
此事将进行一次官方调查。
Cnfidently adv.自信地（= with cnfidence 充满信心的）
-- He went t d the wrk cnfidently.
Cnfident (adj.自信的, 确信的)
Cnfidence (n.信心)
-- have cnfidence 有信心 / gain cnfidence 获得信心
in cnfidence (悄悄的,秘密的) = secretly
take sb int ne's cnfidence 以某人为心腹
-- The bss takes his secretary int his cnfidence.
dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的 （= frightful adj.糟糕的, 讨厌的）
dreadful（侧重于可怕的, 乱七八糟的）
-- The rm is dreadful / a frightful day
fearful（表示胆怯的, 恐惧的）
-- she felt fearful particularly when she went ut at night.（adv.独特地, 显著地）
punce v.猛抓，扑住
perfume n.香水（人造的）
fragrance （抽象名词）n.芬芳, 芳香, 香气, 香味
sarcastically adv.讽刺地
exempt adj.被免除的
duty n.税
-- Custms Duty 关税 / duty free 免税的
-- Stamp Duty 印花税 （stamp n.邮票, 印花, 图章, 标志）
同义词：tax n.税, 税款, 税金
-- incme tax 所得税
gel n.凝胶
mixture n.混合物
mix（v.使混和, 混淆, 混合） -- mix sth With
-- Oil des nt mix with water. 油不能和水融合在一起

unscrew v.拧开
nstril n.鼻孔
chalk n.粉笔
baggage n.行李
同义词：luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）
truble vt.(使)烦恼, 麻烦, 打扰
hide vt.vi.（hid, hidden, hiding）隐藏
eh int.(表示惊奇、疑问等) 啊，嗯
particular（adj.特殊的, 特别的, 独特的）
particularly（adv.异常地,显著地,特别地,格外,尤其）
imprt n.进口, 进口货(常用复数), 输入
encuraging（adj.鼓励的） encuragingly（adv.鼓励的）
greet vt.问候, 向...致意, 映入眼帘
cnvince vt.使确信, 使信服
Text 课文
What was the Custms Officer lking fr?
Custms Officers are quite tlerant these days, but they can still stp yu when yu are
ging thrugh the Green Channel and have nthing t declare.
the Green Channel = the Custm Office
我们在运用形容词、动词时, 往往需要用副词来强调。
Really（表示“真正的”）
-- a really fficius persn
particularly（强调“特别, 尤其是”）
abslutely（强调“绝对的”）
cmpletely = entirely = fully = thrughly（强调“完全的, 彻底的”）
extremely（强调“特别, 特别是”）
fairly adv.相当地, 还算（语气一般）
-- a fairly gk bk. 一本还算可以的书。
very（语气程度强烈“非常”）
-- a very gd bk. 一本非常好的书。
rather 语意程度接近fairly, 注意不冠词的位置。
-- a fairly gd bk.
-- a rather gd bk = rather a gd bk (更常用)
quite right / quit wrng / quite mistaken / quite sure
even really hnest peple...
a particularly fficius yung Custms fficer...
Even really hnest peple are ften made t feel guilty.
are made t feel guilty
make, have, let及感官性动词see, hear, ntice, feel 用于主动语态, 符合宾语不定式的符号t
应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时, 不定式符号t必须还原。
-- We heard smene cme up the stairs.
-- Smene was heard t cme up the stairs.
The hardened prfessinal smuggler, n the ther hand, is never trubled by such feelings,
even if he has five hundred gld watches hidden in his suitcase.
even if he has five hundred gld watches hidden in his suitcase.
= Even if/thugh he has five hundred glden watches that are hidden in his suitcase.
hidden in his suitcase（过去分词短语作定语, 修饰watches）
On the ne hand..., n the ther hand…。
-- On the ne hand we culd stay and help yu, but n the ther hand it might be better if yu
went t help him instead.
When I returned frm abrad recently, a particularly fficius yung Custms Officer
clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
'Have yu anything t declare?' he asked, lking me in the eye.
lking me in the eye 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
= lk sb in the face = stare sb in the eyes = lk directly at sb
-- Nt ne f the men dared lk him in the eye. 没有人敢正眼看他。
'N', I answered cnfidently.
'Wuld yu mind unlcking this suitcase please?' 'Nt at all,' I answered.
Wuld yu mind unlcking this suitcase, please?
注意：mind后面的动名词形式
The Officer went thrugh the case with great care.
The Officer went thrugh the case with great care.
= The Officer examined the case carefully
with great care 强调相当的仔细
All the thing I had packed s carefully were sn in a dreadful mess.
in a mess 乱作一团
介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态
-- in gd rder 秩序井然 / -- in gd health 身体健康
-- in a gd md 心情好 / -- in a gd temper 脾气好
I felt sure I wuld never be able t clse the case again.
Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up.
light up 喜气洋洋, 容光焕发
-- Marsha’s face lit up when she saw her ld friend.
-- His face lighted up at the small triumph.（n.胜利, 成功）
-- Tm really lighted up when he saw the new bicycle.
Light的过去式与过去分词即可以是lit, 也可以是lighted.
-- 但是如果运用过去分词作定语, 表示被点燃的, 要用lighted。
-- a lighted cigar 一支被点燃的雪茄
-- a lighted stick 点燃的火炬
He had sptted a tiny bttle at the bttm f my case and he punced n it with delight.
with delight 欣喜若狂地 （with和抽象名词搭配, 表示内心充满了一种感情）
-- with cnfidence 自信地 / -- with care 细心地
-- with pride 骄傲地 / -- with delight 欣喜若狂地
punce n 向...猛扑过去, 对...大做文章
-- The pliceman punced n the thief. 警察向小偷猛扑过去。
-- Dn't punce n my mistake. 不要对我的错误大做文章。
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'Yu shuld have declared that. Perfume is nt exempt
frm imprt duty.'
shuld have和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做, 具有谴责性的味道）
-- Yu shuld have arrived here five minutes earlier.
-- Yu shuld have tld me abut it.
shuldn't have dne 本不应该做某事
exempt v.免除 adj.被免除的（be exempt frm）
-- Drinks are nt exempt frm imprt duty. Perfume is nt exempt frm imprt duty either.
'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture
I make myself.'
As I expected, he did nt believe me.
As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句, 它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义）
-- As we knw, the earth is rund. 众所周知, 地球是圆的。
-- As I mentined 正如我所提及的
-- As I sn learned, he was English himself. 正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。
关系代词as和which的区别：
as所引导的非限制性定语从句, 可用在主句之前。
which引导的非限制性定语从句, 只能用在主句之后。
'Try it!' I said encuragingly.
Encuragingly 副词形式
The fficer unscrewed the cap and put the bttle t his nstrils.
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which cnvinced him that I was telling the truth.
Greet
1> vt.问候, 向...致意
2> vt.觉察到, 呈现在...眼前, 在...耳边
-- I wke up and was greeted by a bird's sng. 当我醒来时, 耳边是鸟鸣声。
-- Inside the rm a dreadful mess greeted us. 当我进入房间，眼前是一堆乱七八糟的东西。
-- When he went int the kitchen, a smell greeted him.
A few minutes later, I was able t hurry away with precius chalk marks n my baggage.
Precius adj.宝贵的, 贵重的
Special difficulties 难点
Canada n.加拿大
Canadian adj.加拿大的 n.加拿大人
Expectatin n.期待, 预料
France n.法国, 法兰西
French n.法国人, 法语 adj.法国的, 法国人的, 法语的
Germany n.德国
German n.德国人, 德语 adj.德国的, 德国人的, 德语的
Danish n.丹麦语 adj.丹麦的
Denmark n.丹麦（北欧国家,首都哥本哈根）
Cpenhagen n.哥本哈根
Tivli n.提沃利（意大利中部一城市）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.C ptential（adj.潜在的, 可能的）
2.C what提问  名词回答 idea（n.想法, 念头）
3.A smuggle（n.走私, 偷带 v.走私）
4.D
5.C lk him in the eyes/face = lk directly at him
6.B wuld yu kindly d sth please? （一种有礼貌的请求）
7.A shuld = ught t
8.A Having finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.
9.C easy-ging（adj.好相处的, 随和的）
tlerable（adj.可容忍的 能忍耐的）placid（adj.平静的）negligent（adj.疏忽的, 粗心大意的）
10 A feel ashamed f… 为…感到羞愧
unashamed（adj.不害羞的, 不知耻的）
guiltless（adj.无罪的, 无辜的）
11.D
incmprehensible（= unable t be understd）adj.不能理解的
technical（adj.专业性的, 技术的, 技术上的）
-- The article is full f incmprehensible technical expressins.
Incredible（= unbelievable）adj.难以置信的, 不可思议的
-- What yu said is incredible.Incredulus（adj.怀疑的, 不轻信的）
-- He is an incredulus persn.Skeptical（unwilling t believe）adj.好怀疑的, 怀疑的
12. baggage（n.行李, <军队的>行装）= luggage（n.行李, 皮箱）
casement（n.门式窗）
equipment（n.装备, 设备, 器材, 装置）
Lessn 12 Life n a desert island
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
desert island 荒岛
desert n.沙漠 vt.背弃,遗弃
dessert n.甜点
unrealistic adj.不真实
paradise n.天堂，乐士
-- A lt f peple imagine the USA as their paradise.
Heaven n.天堂, 天国（也指死亡 -- g t heaven）
wretched adj.可怜的，艰苦的
= miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
-- lead a wretched/miserable/terrible/dg’s life. 过着悲惨的生活。
starve v.挨饿（-- starve t death 饿死）
-- During the war, a large f peple starved t death.
-- hungry t death 我饿得要死（即：我非常饿）
element n.成分
pprtunity n.机会
glden pprtunity 绝好的机会
-- Dn’t miss any glden pprtunities.
-- pprtunity kncks nly nce 千载难逢的机会
chance 表机会时可以与pprtunity互换（后面+f ding, 或t d）
-- I had the chance f visiting Paris. = I had the pprtunity f visiting Paris.
-- He had n pprtunity t see her.
chance表可能性时(= pssibility), 则不可pprtunity互换。
-- There is a chance that I will see him. 我有可能见到她。
-- The chances are that he will be elected the president. 他有可能当选总统。
-- The chances are that he will pass his examinatin next week.
cral n.珊瑚
Virgin Islands 维尔京群岛
Miami n.迈阿密（美国最南的城市）
Dinghy n.救生筏，小船
Caribbean n.加勒比海
spear gun 捕鱼枪
lbster n.龙虾
tanker n.油轮
genuinely adv.由衷地
-- He is genuinely thankful t me. 他由衷地地感谢我。
Genuine adj.真实的, 真正的, 诚恳的
Genuineness（n.）
Rbinsn Cruse 鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）
Exceptinal adj.例外的, 异常的
Ripe adj.熟的, 成熟的
Fruit n.水果, 果实, 果类, 成果
Oppsite adj.相对的, 相反的, 对等的 n.相反的事物
Sink vi.沉下, (使)下沉
Prve vt.证明, 证实
Spear n.矛, 枪
Text 课文
What was exceptinal abut the tw men's stay n the desert island?
Mst f us have frmed an unrealistic picture f life n a desert island.
frm an unrealistic picture f sth 对…抱有不切实际的幻想
-- A large number f peple have frmed an unrealistic picture f the jb.
Frm（v.形成, 构成）= develp（vt.逐渐形成）
-- develp a habit = frm a habit 养成一种习惯
We smetimes imagine a desert island t be a srt f paradise where the sun always shines.
imagine sth t be = imagine sth as
-- Sme peple imagine flying t be mre dangerus than traveling by train.
-- A large number peple imagine the USA as their paradise.
Life there is simple and gd. Ripe fruit falls frm the trees and yu never have t wrk.
Yu never have t wrk = yu needn’t wrk = yu dn’t need t wrk
The ther side f the picture is quite the ppsite. Life n a desert island is wretched.
quite the ppsite 恰恰相反 / quite different
Yu either starve t death r live like Rbinsn Cruse, Waiting fr a bat which never
cmes.
Either yu r I am ging t the party. （谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致）
Either cme in r g ut, dn’t stand n the drway.（门口, 门道）
Perhaps there is an element f truth in bth these pictures, but few us have had the
pprtunity t find ut.
an element f truth = a bit f truth
Optimistic（adj.乐观的） Pessimistic（adj.悲观的, 消极的）
Tw men wh recently spent five days n a cral island wished they had stayed there lnger.
谓语动词wish之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气
1>如果表达与现在情况相反, that从句中的动词要用过去时（be 动词要用were）。
-- I wish yu culd drive a car. = I am srry yu can’t drive a car.
所表达的意思是：你要是能开车就好了。（表达一种遗憾的心情）
2>如果表达与过去情况相反, that从句中的动词要用过去完成时。
-- I wish I hadn't spent s much mney. = I am srry I spend s much mney.
-- I wish that yu had written t him. = I am srry yu didn’t write t him.
3>如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿, that从句中要使用wuld,
culd 等情态动词的过去时形式。
-- I wish that I culd g abrad tmrrw.
-- I wish that yu culd cme here tmrrw.
4>if nly要比wish更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
-- If nly the weather wuld change. = I wish the weather wuld change.
要是天气转晴该有多好啊！
-- We wish that we knew where t lk fr him. = If nly we knew where t lk fr him.
要是我们知道到哪去找他该有多好啊！
-- If nly we culd have gne t the party. 要是我们昨天能参加那个聚会该有多好啊！
-- If nly yu hadn't said that. 你要是不说那句话多好啊！
-- If nly yu wuld cme here tmrrw. 你明天要是能来该有多好啊！
They were taking a badly damaged bat frm the Virgin Islands t Miami t have it repaired
During the jurney, their bat began t sink.
have it repaired （have sth dne）
They quickly laded a small rubber dinghy with fd, matches, and cans f beer and rwed
fr a few miles acrss the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny cral island.
lad…with sth 把某物装载到…上
-- The wrkers are lading the truck with gds.
Unlad（vi.卸货, 退子弹 vt.倾销, 卸）
There were hardly any trees n the island and there was n water, but this did nt prve t
be a prblem.
hardly any = very little/few （hardly adv.刚刚, 几乎不）
-- Hardly anybdy likes him because he is s rude. 几乎没人喜欢他, 因为他非常粗鲁。
-- Yu hardly eat anything, what's wrng? 你几乎什么都没吃, 怎么了？
prve t be = turn ut t be
The men cllected rainwater in the rubber dinghy.
As they had brught a spear gun with them, they had plenty t eat.
They caught lbster and fish every day, and, as ne f them put it 'ate like kings'.
Put = express
When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, bth men were genuinely srry that
they had t leave.
Bth men were genuinely srry that they had t leave.
= If nly we culd have stayed n the desert island a little bit lnger.
Special difficulties 难点
wish, if nly
1> had bught it（显然说明的是过去的情况）
-- silly adj.愚蠢的, 无聊的
2> culdn't/wuldn't make such nise.
3> were here （强调：他在这儿, 该有多好）
说明与现在情况相反的概念, 无论什么人称, be动词应该使用were.
4> culd play the pian as well...
5> had studied hard then.
6> hadn't mentined it t him.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... C 要么是过度乐观, 要么是过度的悲观
unreal adj.不真实的, 虚幻的present vt.介绍, 赠送, 呈现
wretchedness n.可怜, 悲惨idleness n.闲散, 懒惰, 赋闲无事
unduly adv.不适当地, 过度地, 不正当地
ptimistic adj.乐观的pessimistic adj.悲观的, 厌世的
2... D essential（adj.必需的, 基本的）= very necessary equipment n.装备, 设备
3... A fend fr neself 独立的照料某人
4... B think f sb/sth as… 把某人、某事看作为...
5... D few f us 我们当中没有几个人
6... C after(介词)其后要和名词、动名词搭配
-- after(连词)引导时间状语从句, 表示动作在前。（A答案变为they had rwed就对了）
7... B Refrigeratrs are useful.= A refrigeratr is useful.
Scarce adj.缺乏的, 不足的, 稀有的, 不充足的
8... C 为做过的事情后悔：regret + ding be srry that是否可以表示后悔去做某事？
9... B
inhabited（adj.有人居住的） uninhabited（adj.无人居住的）
unppular adj.不流行的, 不受欢迎的
barren adj.不生育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的 n.荒地
10... D 完全不同的 entirely different
naturally adv.自然地, 天然地
11... D
觉得、发现某人或某事怎么样：find sb/sth t be
-- They fund the trip t be very exciting.某人或某事被发现怎么样, 常用被动语态。
-- The car is fund t be beautiful.
Demnstrate v.论证,表明,举行,示威
12... A put it = express
Lessn 13 "It's nly me' “是我，别害怕”
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Cstume n.化装服
-- cstume ball 化妆舞会 / cstume party
-- fancy (dress) party 化妆舞会
suit（n.西装, 西服） dress（n.裙子）
cnsist v.由…组成
1> cnsist f... 由...组成（表示被动概念）
2> be made up f… 由...组成
3> cmprise v.包含, 由...组成（整体由部分所构成）
-- Our class cnsists f 100 students.
= Our class is made up f mre than 100 students.
-- The United Kingdm cnsists f G.B and Nrthern Ireland.
= The United Kingdm cmprises G.B and Nrthern Ireland.
-- The huse cnsists f six rms.
4> be cmpsed f… 由...组成（强调有什么成分所组成）
-- Water is cmpsed f xygen and hydrgen.（cmpse v.组成, 写作）
-- xygen（n.氧，氧气） hydrgen（n.氢）
5> cnstitute vt.组成, 构成（部分构成整体）
-- G.B and Nrthern Ireland cnstitute The United Kingdm.（Ireland n.爱尔兰）
-- The cmmittee cnsists f 10 members. （cmmittee n.委员会）
= Ten members cnstitute the cmmittee.

Sheet n.被单
Effective adj.有明显效果的，有作用的
-- The cstume is quite effective.
-- His wrds was effective.
Influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的（有潜移默化影响力的）
-- What ur parents d is influential t children.
Efficacius adj.(医药)有效的，灵验的
-- The drug is efficacius
Fruitful adj.有成效的, 产生结果的
-- Their experiment is fruitful.
Cmfrtable adj.舒适的 （反义词：uncmfrtable）
Cmfrt（n.舒适 v.安慰）
Discmfrt（n.不舒适 vt.使不舒适, 使不便）
-- In spite f discmfrts he is determined t stay here.
Strerm n.储藏室
Electricity n.电
Metre n.电表 （ammeter n.电表）
Pace n.一步
Flee v. (fled, fled)逃走
Flee vt.vi.(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的禁地
Panic（n.惊慌, 恐慌） bull（n.公牛）
-- The peple fled in panic when the bull gt lse. 当牛挣脱绳子时人们惊慌的四散而逃。
Escape（vi.逃出监狱, 逃出牢笼 vt.逃掉, 逃出）
-- He was able t escape frm the huse.
-- I am srry yur name escaped me. 很抱歉, 我忘记你的名字了。
-- They tried t escape death.
Slam v.砰地关上（同义词：bang v.发巨响, 重击）
-- slam the dr 砰地关上门
-- He left the rm slam/bang the dr behind him. 他离开了房间在身后砰地把门关上。
Stair n.楼梯, 阶梯
Fancy n.幻想, 爱好, 迷恋, 想象力 adj.奇特的, 异样的
Dine vi.吃饭, 进餐 Dining n.吃饭, 进餐
Baker n.面包师
Hide vt.vi.( hid, hidden, hiding)隐藏
Hall n.走廊, 门厅
Bard n.(政府机关或商业)部门
Text 课文
What did the man expect t find under the stairs?
After her husband had gne t wrk, Mrs. Richards sent her children t schl and went
upstairs t her bedrm.
She was t excited t d any husewrk that mrning, fr in the evening she wuld be ging
t a fancy-dress part with her husband.
fancy-dress party = cstume party
1> t ... t… 太...而不能… （不定式t在大部分情况下表示否定概念）
2> nt/never t ... t… 并不太...所以能够…
-- One is never t ld t learn 活到老, 学到老。
-- The questin is nt t difficult fr me t answer. 这个问题并不太难, 所以我能够答得出。
3>如果在副词t前发现修饰语all, but, nly, 不定式t的概念也是肯定的。
-- They are all t satisfied t wrk with yu.
-- I am nly t glad t have smene t speak t. 我太高兴了, 想找个人说话。
-- He was but t eager t get hme.
She intended t dress up as a ghst and as she had made her cstume the night befre, she
was impatient t try it n.
intended t打算做什么 = mean t d意图做什么
dress up as… 化妆成为…
the night befre 前一个晚上（以过去的某一个时间为基准点）
last night 昨天晚上（以现在为基准点）
-- She went t New Yrk n business three days ag, the night befre she gt everything ready.
be impatient t d sth 急于要做某事, 迫不及待做某事
impatient可以换为eager, anxius, hungry, thirsty, desperate, can't wait(口语)
desperate（adj.不顾一切的, 拚死的）
-- she was impatient t try it n.（try n 试穿）
Thugh the cstume cnsisted nly f a sheet, it was very effective.
After putting it n, Mrs. Richards went dwnstairs.
After putting it n 穿上以后
She wanted t find ut whether it wuld be cmfrtable t wear.
= It wuld be cmfrtable (fr her) t wear
动词不定式t wear, 用来修饰说明cmfrtable, 作它的状语。
-- It is easy fr me t read.
-- The bk is difficult t read.
-- The dress is easy t wash.
-- Yur handwriting is easy t recgnize.
主动形式表达被动概念：
1> The music is sweet t hear.
2> The machine needs repairing. （用need, want和动名词形式直接搭配）
3> The dictinary is wrth buying.
-- The bk is wrth reading.
4>The huse is under cnstructin.（介词under表达被动的意味）
-- The puma is under cntrl.
-- The prblem is under discussin.（n.讨论）
-- The thief is under arrest.（n.逮捕, 拘留）
5> The airprt came int use again.（came int 不及物动词短语）
-- Our time has already gne t waste.（g t waste浪费掉, 付诸东流）
6> able 形容词后缀, 跟在动词后表达＂能够被...的＂
-- She is a respectable persn.（respectable adj.可敬的, 值得被尊敬的）
-- This is a returnable bttle. 这是一个能被退回的瓶子。（returnable adj.可被退回的）
7> cnsist f, cmprise本身表达被动概念, 结构形式为主动
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dinning rm, there was a knck n the frnt dr.
She knew that it must be the baker.
She had tld him t cme straight in if ever she failed t pen the dr and t leave the
bread n the kitchen table.
straight adv.直接地, 径直地
if even（ever 用于条件句。表示任何时候, 任何场合）= when ever
-- If ever yu see Gerge give him my best regards.（n.问候）
-- When ever he is in truble I'll be n the spt.
Nt wanting t frighten the pr man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small strerm
under the stairs.
Nt wanting （分词的否定结构形式, 做原因状语。）
多用于句首, 也可插入句中, 主谓之间。
Nt wanting t make her nervus, the dctr didn't fully explain the seriusness f cnditin.
= The dctr, nt wanting t make her nervus, didn't fully explain the seriusness f her
cnditin.
She heard the frnt dr pen and heavy ftsteps in the hall. Suddenly the dr f the
strerm was pened and a man entered.
Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man frm the Electricity Bard wh had cme t
read the metre.
read the metre 查电表
She tried t explain the situatin, saying 'It's nly me', but it was t late.
saying（现在分词做伴随状语）
The man let ut cry and jumped back several paces.
let ut a cry 大叫了一声（= utter a cry /give a cry）
utter vt.发出, 做声, 发表, 发射
jump back several paces 后退了好几步
When Mrs. Richards walked twards him, he fled, slamming the dr behind him.
Slamming（现在分词作方式状语或伴随状语, 说明fled的情况）
Special difficulties 难点
形容词+动词不定式：
-- He was delighted t learn that...
-- I was glad t hear that...
-- He was anxius t leave...
1>感情形容词后的不定式通常是表示原因, 在句中做原因状语。
happy, relieved, astnished, amazed, surprised, hrrified, disappinted, sad, embarrassed, shcked
relieved（adj.放心的） hrrified（adj.惊骇的）
-- He was frightened when he saw the snake.  He was frightened t see the snake.
-- I was srry when I learnt that he had had a accident.
 I was srry t learn that he had had a accident.
2>不定式也可以放在表语之后, 主语是不定式的实际宾语。
-- The car is hard t park.
-- Sme questins are awkward t answer. Awkward（adj.尴尬的, 不方便的）
3>在少数几个动词后, 不定式可用作结果。
learn, find, see, hear, be tld
-- He lived t see his inventins cme t success. 他活着看见他的发明成功了。
-- He wke up t find everyne gne. 他醒来发现大家都走了。
-- He went t his huse nly t find him ut.
4>在不定式前加nly, 表示意想不到的, 出乎意料的结果。
-- He hurried t the pst ffice nly t find it was shut(clsed)
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.D She wanted t knw whether that cstume was cmfrtable t wear.
2.Ctake sb in 使某人信以为真, 让某人上当disguise n.伪装 v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰
3.C and前后连接时态要呼应, 表示并列关系。
hw修饰限定形容词At that mment, she hadn't put n the cstume.
anxius形容词短语做原因状语
动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式符号之前直接加否定词nt, never
强调过去的一个动作
see sb d sth看见某人做某事（做宾语补足语时, 不定式符号t被省略）
at the very mment 就在此刻as lng as / s lng as 用来引导条件句, 表示只要
-- Yu can g ut as lng as yu prmise t be back befre 11 'clck.
Only when... 只有当…（引导时间状语从句）
miss+动名词：表示错过做什么事情
-- I dn't want t miss seeing that film n televisin tnight.
frgt t d sth 表示忘记去做某事
-- Yesterday, I frgt t lck the dr.
succeed in ding sth 表示成功做了某事if…happen t... 表示某事偶然发生
brwn n.褐色 adj.褐色的, 棕色的laf n.一条面包brwn laf 黑面包
-- If yu happen t pass the baker's, pick me up a brwn laf, wuld yu?
-- If yu happen t finish the wrk early give me a ring.
reading 表示仪表或者仪器上的指数、读数
-- What are the temperature readings fr the week?
-- take a metre-reading 读电表上的数字
measurement 测量尺寸、大小调节稳定
-- What's yur waist measurement? 你的腰围是多少？
Regulatin n.调节（regulatin f bdy heat体温调节）
Heat n.热, 热度
let ut 发出（= give）shut vt.高呼, 高喊（有喊叫的 对象）
-- shut t sb 对某人高声喊
-- shut at sb 对某人大喊大叫
-- Dn't shut at the elders.
Lessn 14 A nble gangster 贵族歹徒
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Gangster n.歹徒, 强盗
-- a band f gangsters 一伙强盗
rbber n.抢劫犯, 抢劫者
bandit n.强盗, 土匪
brigand n.强盗, 土匪, 盗贼, 草寇（书面用语）
hligan n.流氓, 不良分子
hdlum n.罪犯, 恶汉（口语）
rascal n.淘气, 捣蛋鬼（口语）
hand n.帮, 团伙
-- a band f rbbers 一伙强盗
mb n. 一群（表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派）
-- a mb f hligans 一伙流氓
gang n.一伙 （-- a gang f thieves）
nest n.窝 （-- a nest f bandits）
pack n.团伙、帮派（-- a pack f hdlums）
Chicag n.芝加哥(美国城市)
Prtectin n.保护 （-- prtectin mney 保护费）
prtect vt.保护（prtect…frm…）
-- We must prtect ur eyes frm the sunshine.
Prtectr（n.保护者） Prtective（adj.保护的）
Prtege n.被保护者
Prmptly adv.准时地
-- I give him a ring and he call me back prmptly.
-- He was s sleepy that he went t sleep prmptly.
n time 准时／in time 及时
punctual（adj.严守时刻的, 准时的） punctually adv.守时地
destry v.毁掉;消灭
destry n.强调毁灭, 消灭, 完全的摧毁
-- The earthquake destryed the city. / Yu destryed his dream.
Damage n.v.强调受损程度不很严重, 可以被修复
-- The big clck was damaged.
Break v.n.强调弄坏, 弄断
-- Tw f the strings were brken.
spil v.强调把事情搅和了
-- spil the party / spil the hliday
remarkable adj.不寻常的（同意词：unusual, uncmmn, extrardinary）
-- a remarkable event , an extrardinary event 不同寻常的事件
utstanding（adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）
-- Our headmaster is an utstanding yuth.（n.年轻人, 青少年）
Distinguished（adj. 杰出的, 卓越的, 不同非凡的）
Eminent（adj. 显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的, 优良的）
Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）
-- a distinguished physicist（n.物理学家）, an eminent surgen（n.外科医生）
-- an eminent judge（n.法官）, a distinguished lawyer（n.律师）
well-knwn adj.众所周知的（ 强调众所周知的）
-- She is well-knwn in the musical wrld. / This is well-knwn fact.
famus adj.著名的（因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的）
-- He is a famus mvie star. / Luxun is famus fr his articles.
Ntrius adj. 臭明昭著的, 臭名远扬的（= be famus fr bad things）
-- Hitler is ntrius.（Hitler n.希特勒）
infamus adj.身名狼藉的（= Ntrius）
renwned adj.某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而闻名
-- Hangzhu is renwned fr its beautiful scenery.（n.风景, 景色）
Flrence n.佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
city-state n.(古代)城邦
hire v.租出, 雇给
hire ut 出租
-- Des this firm hire ut cars?
Rent v.租, 租借, 出租 n.租金
rent ut 租给, 雇给（主要强调出租房屋）
-- He rent ut his huse t a turist.
Let 出租（let his huse出租房屋）
-- Please let yur huse t me. 请把房屋租给我吧？
hire frm, rent frm 租进来
-- He hired a car frm us. / I rent a rm frm Mrs. Jhnsn.
hire指短期雇佣体力劳动者
-- He hired tw helpers
emply指长期雇佣或聘用脑力劳动者
-- We emplyed her as ur advisr.（n.顾问）
-- The factry emplyed 500 wrkers.
Prince n.君主, 诸候 n.王子
Flrentine n.佛罗伦萨人
Funeral n.葬礼
Dedicate v.奉献, 题献给（dedicate t）
dedicate sth t sb
-- He dedicated his first bk t his mther
dedicate 献身, 奉献（比devte更为正式而庄重）
dedicate…t sth
-- I devte my time t helping my students.
-- He dedicates his life t his mtherland.
-- He dedicated his life t science.
Memry n.纪念
Memry n.记忆, 记忆力, 存储器, 内存
-- Yu have a gd memry.
-- If my memry serves me well, yu're Tm. 如果我没有记错的话。
in memry f… = t the memry f… 为了纪念…
-- in memry f him = t the memry f him 为了纪念他
in sb’s hnr = in hnr f sb 为纪念某人, 为庆祝某人
-- we held a party in his hnr. = we held a party in hnr f him.
Valiant adj.英勇的（强调非常勇敢）
-- During war, sldiers are valiant.
Brave adj.勇敢的
-- The by is brave.
Fearless adj.大无畏的, 无所畏惧的
-- We are fearless in time f danger.
curageus adj.有胆量的, 有勇气的
nble adj.高尚的, 贵族的, 高贵的 n.贵族
btain vt.获得, 得到
crime n.犯罪, 犯罪行为, 罪行
settle vt.安放, 使定居 vi.安家, 定居
demand v.要求, 需要 n.要求, 需求(量), 需要
march vi.进军, 前进
Italian n.意大利人, 意大利语 adj.意大利的, 意大利语的, 意大利文化的
Offer vt., vi.提供, 提出
Ntable adj. 著名的, 显著的,值得注意的
Signr n.阁下, 君
Text 课文
Hw did Haywd make in times f peace?
There was a tine when the wners f shps and businesses in Chicag that t pay large sums
f mney t gangsters in return fr 'prtectin.'
pay large sums f mney t sb 向某人付大笔大笔的费用
in return fr… 目的是为了换取…, 作为对…的回报
-- He gave me sme bks in return fr my help.
when 引导状语从句修饰time
-- There was a time when mini skirt was in fashin.（Mini n.迷你型, 袖珍型）
If the mney was nt paid prmptly, the gangsters wuld quickly put a man ut f business
by destrying his shp.
Prmptly = immediately
put a man ut f business 使某人失业
put sb/sth ut f... 使某人失去…
-- Yu are putting me ut f patience. 你使我失去耐心了。
-- Yu have already put everything ut f rder.
-- Put it ut f yur mind. 忘记这件事情吧。
by destrying his shp 通过…手段
-- Yu are putting me ut f patience by disturbing me.
Obtaining 'prtectin mney' is nt a mdern crime.
Obtaining = getting
As lng ag as the furteenth century, an Englishman, Sir Jhn Hawkwd, made the
remarkable discvery that peple wuld rather pay large sums f mney than have their life
wrk destryed by gangsters.
as lng ag as 追溯回到（= dating back t = date frm）
-- I knew Jane as lng ag as the year 1980.
make the remarkable discvery 做出不同寻常的发现
wuld rather d... than d... 宁愿…而不…
-- He wuld rather die than surrender.（vi.投降, 自首）
-- I wuld rather play tennis than swim.
wuld prefer t d ... than d...
wuld prefer ding ... t ding...
-- He wuld prefer t die than surrender.
-- He wuld prefer dying t surrendering.
wuld rather(sner) + that 宾语从句（过去式）-- 虚拟语气
-- I wuld rather that yu were nt here. 我宁愿你不在这。（暗含：实际你在这）
-- I wuld rather that I didn't see yu.
-- He wuld rather that he didn't hear the news.
life wrk 毕生的事业 / have sth dne
Six hundred years ag, Sir Jhan Hawkwd arrived in Italy with a band f sldiers and
settled near Flrence.
settled near Flrence 定居在 Flrence 附近
He sn made a name fr himself and came t be knwn t the Italians as Givanni Acut.
made a name fr himself = becme famus
-- They sn made quite a name fr themselves as pp singers.
cme t = get t 渐渐的
cme t be knwn 渐渐被人所熟知
-- I cme t be knwn t my students.
-- I gt t knw him.
Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each ther, Hawkwd used t hire his
sldiers t princes wh were willing t pay the high price he demanded.
Whenever 无论什么时候
at war 交战 / at war with… 于…交战
hire 表示出租
wh指代prince
he demanded = Hawkwd demanded
In times f peace, when business was bad, Hawkwd and his men wuld march int a
city-state and, after burning dwn a few farms, wuld ffer t g away if prtectin mney
was paid t them.
in time f peace 在和平期间
march int 大踏步行军
burn dwn 烧毁 / burn up烧光 / burn ut 烧空
-- The huse was burned ut nly walls left. 房子被了只剩下墙壁。
wuld ffer t g away = wuld prmise t g away
Hawkwd made large sums f mney in this way. In spite f this, the Italians regarded
him as a srt f her.
in spite f this 尽管如此
Peple in different cuntries have different pinins.
The Italians regarded him as a srt f her.
When he died at the age f eighty, the Flrentines gave him a state funeral and had a
pictured which was dedicated t the memry f 'the mst valiant sldier and mst ntable
leader, Signr Givanni Haukdue.'
give sb a state funeral 给某人举行国葬
have sth dne
Signr n.先生（意大利语）
which 指代picture
be dedicated t the memry f sb
the mst valiant 比较级的最高级形式
Special difficulties 难点
wuld rather / wuld sner
wuld rather d… than d…
wuld rather that… (that宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时)
（rather省略了that）
nt speak
speak（wuld rather d…的否定形式结构：wuld rather nt d… 宁愿不做...）
't tell
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1... B
premise n.房产, 房屋(及其附属建筑, 地基等)
unharmed adj.未受伤害的, 太太平平的
destructin n.破坏, 毁灭
criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
2... B 他获取自己的名字是依据自己的所作所为
practice n.实行, 实践
sharp adj.苛刻的
recgnitin n.承认, 认可
3... A in that = because "因为",表示一种原因
bldness n.大胆, 冒失, 勇敢
bravery n.勇敢, 大胆, 无畏
can nt help 不得不, 情不自禁
4... A 段时间：fr a lng time（现在完成式）
5... C prefer ding… t ding…
6... B hire sth frm sb 从某人租得某物
7... A if nt (如果不) = unless
Prvided… 条件是...
8... C 介词n和名词death相搭配（表示：去世的状态）
介词n和动名词搭配（表示：一...就...）
-- On seeing him, I ran away.
9... B passed（动词的过去分词）
depart vi.离去, 离开, 出发
-- When des the next train depart? 下一次列车什么时候开？
10... D
prepared adj.心甘情愿的, 准备好的（= willing）
-- be willing t d = be prepared t d
agreeable adj.使人愉快的, 惬意的, 适合的, 宜人的
desirable adj.值得要的, 合意的, 令人想要的（= attractive adj.吸引人的）
Lessn 15 Fifty pence wrth f truble 五十便士的麻烦
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Appreciate v.欣赏，感激
-- The pem is t difficult fr me t appreciate.
-- I appreciate yur help. = be thankful/grateful t sb.
-- thankful = grateful（adj.感激的, 感谢的）
pcket mney 零用钱
-- beer mney 留给丈夫的零花钱
-- mad mney 女子留作应急之用的私房钱
-- green mney 美金（美圆是绿色的）
-- sft/flding mney 纸币, 钞票（flding adj.可折叠的）
-- hard mney 硬币（hard adj.硬的, 坚固的）
thrifty adj.节约的
ecnmical adj.节约的, 经济的
frugal adj.节俭的, 朴素的
nephew n.侄子，外甥
bunce v.弹起，跳起
-- The cin was bunced.
同义词：jump(v.跳跃), leap(v.跃), hp(单足跳),
spring(v.弹跳 n.弹簧), skip(v.跳跃, 略过)
pavement n.人行道
stick (stuck, stuck) v.卡住，夹住，不能再动
-- His arm was stuck. 他的胳膊被卡住了。
Stick v.坚持, 粘贴
-- Yu must stick t yur idea. 你必需要坚持你的看法。
-- Stick the stamp n the envelp.
stick with… 忠实于...（= be faithful t对...忠实）-- faithful adj.守信的, 忠实的
Brigade n.旅,（消防）队
fire brigade（消防队）= fire department = fire statin
grease n.润滑油
uncle n.伯父, 叔父, 姨丈
aunt n.姑妈, 伯母, 舅妈, 阿姨
extra adj.额外的
price n.代价, 价格, 价钱
drain n.排水沟
rll vt,vi卷；滚动,转动,打滚
sleeve n.袖子, 衣袖
rub v.擦, 摩擦
free vt. 使自由, 释放
upset adj.心烦意乱的,不适的,不舒服的 vt,vi打翻,弄翻,推翻；使烦乱
reward vt.酬谢,酬劳,报答 n.报酬, 奖金
Text 课文
Did Gerge get anything fr his fifty pence? What?
Children always appreciate small gifts f mney.
= Children always appreciate pcket mney as small gifts.孩子们总是喜欢得到些零花钱
-- Husbands always appreciate small gifts f beer mney.
Mum r dad, f curse, prvide a regular supply f pcket mney, but uncles and aunts
are always a surce f extra incme.
prvide a regular supply f... 定期地提供…
prvide sth fr sb / prvide sb with sth 为某人提供某物
-- The villagers prvided a regular supply f fd fr the sldiers.
= The villagers prvided the sldiers with a regular supply f fd
small gifts f mney, pcket mney, extra incme 都表示零花钱。
作者在两段话里三处用了零花钱, 是为了让读者能够抓住主题。
写作时要避免使用相同的词汇。
With sme children, small sums g a lng way.
此句暗含：with ther children, small sums can’t g a lng way.
g a lng way 维持很久
-- The mney we have will g a lng way.
g a lng way twards 对...大有帮助
-- This will g a lng way twards vercming the difficulty.（vercme vt.战胜, 克服）
介词with和fr的区别：
Fr(介词)：关于, 对于...来说, 考虑到...的事实
-- The weather is quite warm fr Nvember.
-- Fr him, this will be an entirely new hbby.
With(介词)：在某一方面 (多用于二者的比较)
-- With sme peple, pleasure is mre imprtant than wrk.
-- Sme peple may accept that excuse, but it wn't wrk with me.
If fifty pence pieces are nt exchanged fr sweets, they rattle fr mnths inside mney bxes.
Pence 便士（penny, pennies都是pence的复数：）
a fifty pence 一个五十便士的硬币
fifty pennies 五十一便士的硬币
exchange fr 换取, 以...来交换
-- The little by exchanged his pen fr candy.（candy n.糖果, 冰糖）
rattle vt.(拟声词) 叮当作响 = tinkle（vi, vt (使)发玎玲声, (使)发出玎当声）
rar 呼啸（重点突出老虎、狮子等大动物的吼叫声）
-- The car rar by me. / Listen, a lin is raring.
shut at 大喊大叫 = bark at
grunt vi.(猪等)作呼噜声vt.咕哝着说出
-- He is grunting.（adj.咕咙的, 哼哼唧唧的）
slam v.砰地关上, 砰地放下
Only very thrifty children manage t fill up a mney bx.
fill up 装满
1>up：表示方向
up t（表示到达目的地） -- She ran up t him. 她跑到他面前。
Twards（表示朝某个方向） -- She ran twards him. 她向他跑去。
2> 表示沿着, 走向更远的地方（侧重强调距离更远了）
-- They walked up the street. 他们沿着街道走远了。
-- They children run up the garden path t greet their father.
3> 系动词+up（表示消费、摧毁、彻底、光、用完）
-- Drink up yur whisky. / Eat up yur vegetable.
-- Finish it up. 完成它 / burn up烧光 / use up用光
4> 表示积存, 从少到多, 积小成多
-- We must lay up sme biled fd fr the winter.
Lay up贮存 = stre up储藏, hld up, gather up收集起
5> 表示从河的下游到上游, 河流入口处以上到源头的某一点
-- They are sailing up the Thames. 他们正沿着泰晤士河而上。
-- The huse is up the river. 这个房子在河的上游。
6> 动词+up（表示包起来、封住、盖住）
-- buttn up扣上纽扣（-- buttn yur cat up 把外衣的纽扣扣上）
-- wrap up 包裹起来（wrap up the shes with newspaper 用报纸把鞋子包起来）
-- lck up 锁起来（lck the huse up 用锁把房子锁起来）
-- fasten up 拴紧, 钉牢, 锁牢 / save up 储蓄, 贮存
-- wash up 洗涤餐具, 洗手洗脸, 把…冲上岸 / d up 重新整修, 包好
Fr mst f them, fifty pence is a small price t pay fr a nice big bar f chclate.
fifty pence is small price t pay = fifty pence is nt much t pay
a small price = nt much mney 并不是很多
-- Fr him tw thusand dllars is small price t pay fr it.
-- Fr me five hundred Yuan is nt a small price t pay fr a bicycle.
My nephew, Gerge, has a mney bx but it is always empty.
Very few f the fifty pence pieces and pund cins I have given him have fund their way
there.
pund cin n.1英镑硬币
find their way there = reach 抵达, 到达, 找到自己的去处
find ne’s way int/t…
-- Rivers find their way t the sea.
-- Hw did such a flish statement find its way int print? 这样愚蠢的话怎么会被印出来了？
-- All my bks have already fund their way there.
I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him t save it.
advise sb t d sth 说服某人做某事（结果是失败的）
persuade sb t d sth 说服某人做某事（结果是成功的）
Instead he bught himself fifty pence wrth f truble.
instead（adv.代替）相反的是…
fifty pence wrth f truble 五十便士的麻烦
On his way t the sweet shp, he drpped his fifty pence and it bunced alng the pavement
and then disappeared dwn a drain.
Gerge tk ff his jacket, rlled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm thrugh the drain
cver.
系列的动词构成平行结构：take ff, rlled up, push
rll vi.滚动 vt.滚动
-- The pencil rlled(vi.) under the table.
-- He rlled(vt.) the ball twards the puppy.（puppy n.(常指未满一岁的)小狗, 小动物）
rll up 卷起, 挽起
-- We will need t rll up the carpet.
He culd nt find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is mre, he culd n get his arm
ut.
what 引导的插入语
What is mre imprtant. 更重要的是 / What is wrse. 更糟糕的是
What is mre. 更有甚者 / What is rare. 更罕见的是
-- He went t the meeting, and what is wrse, insisted n speaking.
-- He is an interesting speaker, and what is mre imprtant, he knws his subject thrughly.
他是一个有风趣的演说者，更重要的是他对他的话题了如指掌
A crwd f peple gathered rund him and a lady rubbed his arm with sap and butter, but
Gerge was firmly stuck.
gather rund… 聚在…周围
rubbed his arm with… 用...涂抹在胳膊上
firmly adv.稳固的, 坚定的（加强语气）
The fire brigade was called and tw fire fighter freed Gerge using a special type f grease.
Using… 现在分词做状语（强调一种方式）
fire fighter n.救火队员
Gerge was nt t upset by his experience because the lady wh wns the sweet shp heard
abut his trubles and rewarded him with large bx f chclates.
Rewarded sb with… 用...来奖赏某人
Special difficulties 难点
1.save / 2.sail（steambat n.汽船, 轮船）
3.buttned / 4.Eat / 5.went / 6.wrapped
7.wind （v.上发条, 绕, 缠）
8.d （shelace n.鞋带）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.C2.D3.A have sth dne / get sth ut f
4.B plenty仅用于肯定句中, much用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。
5.B advise sb t d sthadvise sb that...
-- that引导的宾语从句必须要出现shuld+动词原形（虚拟语气）
-- I advise my students that they shuld read English fr mre than an hur.
6.D ding sth…when
如果句中的when表达的概念是：就在这时、恰恰这时、正当此时, 那么其的主句结构往往
采用进行时态
7.A neither/nr：也不（用于句首句子必须倒装）
8.C put sth.+ prep.（-- put the bk in the bkcase / put the bk n the desk）
9.A durable（adj.耐用的, 持久的）
-- durable clthing 耐穿的衣服 / durable gds 耐用品
10.C
tur n.旅行, 旅游 v.旅行
in turn 轮流地 （-- I think we shuld clean ur classrm in return.）
cycle n.周期, 循环, 自行车
circle n.圆圈, 环状物
-- draw a circle 画一个圆圈 / the cycle f the seasns 四季的循环
11.B strictly adv.严格地, 确实地well and truly = cmpletely
-- Tm was well and truly drunk. 汤姆烂醉如泥。
-- drunk adj.喝醉了的（drink 的过去分词）
by n means (无论如何)决不
= in n way（adv.决不）= n n accunt（adv.决不）= in n sense（adv.决不）
12.B mve vt.移动, 感动embarrass vt.使窘迫；使为难
-- They lk at each ther embarrassed.
Distress v.使悲痛, 使穷困, 使忧伤
-- Please dn't distress yurself.
-- He was mst distressed t hear the sad news.
Lessn 16 Mary had a little lamb 玛丽有一头羔羊
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Prize adj.珍贵的, 宝贵的
-- Mary has gt a prize lamb. / The cat is prize t the ld lady.
= Valuable（adj.有价值的, 贵重的）
= Precius（adj.珍贵的, 宝贵的）
= Cherishable adj.珍贵的（cherish vt.抚育, 爱护, 珍爱）
= Dear（adj.昂贵的, 亲爱的）
Tie v.拴, 系
tie sth t…
-- I tied the dg t a tree.（拴在某处）
-- He is tied t his family.（于…有联系）
Tie n.领带, 关系（强调血缘关系）
-- ties f bld 血缘关系 / the ties f friendship 朋友关系
theft n.偷盗行为，偷盗案
-- He reprts the theft t the plice.
Accuse v.指控
accuse sb f ding sth
-- He accused his neighbr f stealing his bicycle.
accuse 比charge语义弱：accuse强调＂严厉的指责＂，charge强调＂控告＂
charge sb with ding sth
deny v.否认
deny ding sth
-- He denied stealing the lamb. / He denied the truth.
deny sb nthing 百依百顺（deny v.拒绝）
-- He denies his wife nthing. 他对他的妻子有求必应。
deny neself 克制自己
-- On sme ccasins we must deny urselves. 在某些场合我们必须克制自己
Ashamed adj.感到羞耻，惭愧
be ashamed f… 为...感到羞耻
-- He is ashamed f being a dustman.
Shameful adj.可耻的（-- The theft is shameful.）
Shameless adj.无耻的（-- The thief is a shameless persn.）
Aplgize v.道歉 （aplgy n.道歉）
aplgize t sb (fr sth) (因为某事)向某人道歉
dye v.染（-- Dye the clth black 把这布染成黑色。）
Suthern adj.南方的, 南部的
Greece n.希腊（腊欧洲东南部国家）
Rpe n.绳, 索, 绳索
Steal（stle, stlen, stealing）
Acquire vt.获得, 学到
Backyard n.后院, 后庭
Rashly adv.轻率地（rash adj.轻率的, 匆忙的）
Wl n.羊毛, 毛织品, 毛线
Neighbur n.邻居(美作：neighbr)
Neighburhd n.邻居关系(美作：neighbrhd)
Text 课文
Was Dimitri right t aplgize t his neighbur? Why nt?
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village f Perachra in suthern Greece.
in the tiny village f...
-- in the big city f Beijing. / in the beautiful city f Paris.
in suthern Greece = in the suth f Greece
One f Mary's prize pssessins was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.
Pssessin n.所有物
-- What I pssess is valuable.= My pssessins are valuable.
Belnging n.随身携带物, 附属品, 附件
She kept it tied t a tree in a field during the day and went t fetch it every evening.
Keep+宾语+宾补 使…处于某种状态
keep后的宾语补足语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词。
--keep和过去分词搭配, 过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
--keep和现在分词搭配, 宾语和现在分词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
-- I keep my windws clsed in winter. / I keep the dg lcked in the kitchen.
-- I kept the by standing utside.
One evening, hwever, the lamb was missing. The rpe had been cut, s it was bvius that
the lamb had been stlen.
It is bvius that... 显而易见…
When Dimitri came in frm the fields, his wife tld him what had happened. Dimitri at nce
set ut t find the thief.
set ut t d sth 开始着手做某事 （set abut ding…）
He knew it wuld nt prve difficult in such a small village.
After telling several f his friends abut the theft, Dimitri fund ut that his neighbur,
Alek, had suddenly acquired a new lamb.
tell sb abut sth 告诉某人关于某事
-- He tld the plice abut the theft.
Dimitri immediately went t Alek's huse and angrily accused him f stealing the lamb.
He tld him he had better return it r he wuld call the plice.
He can't be ill r he wuldn't have cme. 他不可能生病了要不他就不会来了。
r else… 否则…
-- Yur rm is s dirty. Clear it prmptly, r 。
Alek denied taking it and led Dimitri int his backyard.
Lead vt.vi.（led, led, leading）引导；指引
-- He led us t his hme. 他把我们带到他家。
It was true that he had just bught a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.
It is true that…but... 诚然…但是…
-- It is true that the wrk is hard, but we'll finish it ahead.（adj.adv.提前,向前,在前面）
Ashamed f having acted s rashly, Dimitri aplgized t Alek fr having accused him.
Ashamed前省略了be动词。
Ashamed f…是现在分词结构(形容词结构)做原因状语（放主句前后均可）
-- Angry at everybdy here, he left suddenly.
-- Anxius fr a quick decisin, he called his friends.
-- Nervus, the man pened the letter.
While they were talking it began t rain and Dimitri stayed in Alek's huse until the rain
stpped. When he went utside half an hur later, he was astnished t find the little
blacklamb was almst white. Its wl, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean
by the rain!
Special difficulties 难点
had better d / had better nt d
1.We had better have lunch. （Advisable adj.适当的；明智的；可取的）
2.She had better renew her passprt （Renew vt.更换, 更新）
3.Yu'd better nt ask s many questins.
4.We'd better nt stay any lnger.
5.The children had better get an early night. （Cnsult v.商量, 商议, 请教）
6.I had better cnsult my slicitr.（Slicitr n.律师, 法律顾问）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1. C untie vt.解开 vi.松开, 解开
2. B cmmunity （n.社区, 公社, 团体, 社会）= village
3. B truthful（adj.诚实的, 说实话的） admit（v.容许, 承认）
4. D
5. D正确
present（adj.现在的, 出席的） 反义词：absent（adj.不在的, 缺席的）
present （vt.赠送, 给）
-- When Mr. Brwn left firm, the directr presented a gld watch t him.
-- The gld watch was present frm the directr.
a present frm smebdy 某人所送的礼物
6. C
7. D s small a size
8. B
9. A
valued adj.尊贵的, 尊重的, 宝贵的
-- valued advice宝贵的忠告 / valued friend尊贵的朋友
wrthwhile adj.值得做的（-- wrking hard is wrthwhile 努力学习是值得做的）
wrthy adj.值得的, 配得上的（be wrthy f）
-- The chain is wrthy f the watch.（chain n.链子）
-- His deeds are wrthy f ur praise. 他的确行为陪得上我们的表扬
10. B
tell smebdy abut smething
reprt smething t smebdy
11 C正确 chat v.聊天 n.聊天
argument n.争论, 辩论
12 A正确
ut f drs = utdrs = utside（）
-- utdrs n.户外 adv.在户外, 在野外
adj.在户外 = utdr（adj.室外的, 户外的）
-- utdrs 的反义词：indrs（adv.在户内）
in the pen air 在户外, 露天
inside ut 里外反穿
-- He put his scks n inside ut. 他把袜子穿反了。
Lessn 17 The lngest suspensin bridge in the wrld世界上最长的吊桥
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Suspensin n.悬，吊
suspensin bridge 吊桥
suspend vt.吊, 悬挂
-- The light is suspended frm the ceiling.
suspend vt.暂停, 暂缓
-- The train was suspended because f the heavy rain.
Suspense n.担心、挂念、悬念（in suspense）
-- The wnderful film gave me a gd expressin because f its suspense. (悬念)
-- He didn’t tell me the truth. It kept me in suspense all day.
suspender n.吊袜带,（裤子或裙子的）背带
agreeable adj.宜人的（-- Tday is agreeable.）
agreeable situatin宜人的地方
-- His huse is in a agreeable situatin.
situatin n.地点，地方（= lcatin = psitin）
situate vt.使位于, 使处于
lcate v.位于
-- Beijing is lcated in the Nrth f China.
-- Japan is lcated t the east f China.
immrtal adj.永生的，流芳百世的
Brklyn n.布鲁克林（纽约一区名）
Staten n.斯塔顿（岛）
Span n.跨度
Cable n.缆索
Cncrete n.混凝土
Suspend v.悬挂
Length n.根，段
Estimate v.估计
-- Underestimate 低估 / Overestimate 高估
-- At a rugh estimate, the car is wrth 500 thusand RMB. 粗略的估计以下…
Estimatin n.判断（= judgement = judgment n.审判, 判决）
-- in my estimatin = in my view = in my pinin 在我看来
capacity n.承受量（容量, 生产量, 接受力）
-- Are yu clear abut the capacity f the cinema?
Capacity n.做某事的能力
have a capacity fr ding smething / have a capacity t d ability
-- we have a capacity t study English well.
Ability n.能力, 才干（已经做到了）
-- We have ability t finish the wrk in tw days. = we manage t finish…
Capability n.潜在的能力
have capability t d / have capability f ding
-- Every child has capability t study a freign language.
Faculty n.先天的智能或能力
Cmpetence n.胜任工作的能力、资格
-- I have cmpetence fr this jb.
immensity n.巨大
elegant adj.优美别致的
Elegant 还表示人的举止很得体、大方
-- The lady is elegant. / elegant behavir
Graceful adj.优美的（强调一个人的体型优美）
Delicate adj.精巧的, 精致的
faintly adv.微细地
within prep.在...之内, 不越出n.内部, 里头
adj.里面的, 内部的adv.在内部, 在内心里
midst n.中间 prep.在...中间
flw vi.流动n.流动
shape n.外形, 形状, 形态
accunt n.计算, 说明, 帐目
designer n. 设计家, 制图师, 阴谋家
twer n.塔, 城堡
underwater adj.在水下的,在水中的 adv.在水下 n.(海洋等)水面下的水
platfrm n.平台, (车站)月台,讲台, 讲坛
depth n.深, 深度
surface n.表面, 外表, 水面 adj.面的, 肤浅的
wire n.金属丝, 电线
pack vt.塞满, 挤进, 挤满
strength n.强度, 力量
fulfill vt.履行, 实现, 完成(计划等)
fulfil vt.完成, 达到
draw vt.vi.（drew, drawn, drawing）拉, 曳, 牵, 画, 绘制
create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成
Text 课文
Hw is the bridge supprted?
Verrazan, an Italian abut whm little is knwn, sailed int New Yrk Harbur in 1524 and
named it Anguleme.
sailed int... 是句子的主干
abut whm（whm指代Italian）
He described it as 'a very agreeable situatin lcated within tw small hills in the midst f
which flwed a great river.'
describe smething as… 把某物描述成…
-- I shuld describe the attempt as a failure. 我把这次尝试描述成失败。
后面可以加as的动词：see, view, lk upn, recgnize, regard, treat, accept
-- His mther regards him as genius. （genius n.天才, 天赋）
-- I accepted his wrds as truth. 我对他的话信以为真。
Lcated过去分词做定语修饰situatin
-- I like the village lcated within tw small hills.
= I like the village which is lcated within tw small hills.
in the midst f which...
-- A great river flwed in the middle f the tw hills.
In the midst f = in the middle f
In the middle f不仅可以表示方位上的中间, 还可以表示时间上的中间。
-- in the middle f the river / in the middle f the night / in the middle f the winter
介词短语在which前, which引导的从句要倒装。
-- We arrived at a farmhuse in frnt f which was a muntain.
Thugh Verrazan is by n means cnsidered t be a great explrer, his name will prbably
remain immrtal, fr n Nvember 21st, 1964, the lngest suspensin bridge in the wrld
was named after him.
Thugh / althugh / even thugh 引导让步状语从句
用了thugh, althugh 不能使用but
但可以用yet来强调转折关系
-- Thugh they manage t take phtgraphs, yet they gt int truble sn.
by n means（= nt by any means = nt at all）
-- It is by n means pleasant t take a crwded bus.
乘坐一辆拥挤的公共汽车绝对不是一件让人高兴的事。
-- He isn't satisfied with a jb at all. = He isn't satisfied with a jb by any means.
in n way, in n case, in n sense, in n circumstances（circumstance n.环境,详情,境况）
n n accunt, at n time 都表示’决不’
be named after…, be named fr…, take ne's name frm… 都表示用…来命名
The Verrazan Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, jins Brklyn t Staten
Island. It has a span f 4,260 feet.
a span f 跨度、桥长
The bridge is s lng that the shape f the earth had t be taken int accunt by its designer.
take int accunt = take int cnsideratin = take accunt f 考虑到
-- We have t take the date int accunt when we have the meeting.
Tw great twers supprt fur huge cables.
Supprt = hld up 举起, 支撑
The twers are built n immense underwater platfrms made f steel and cncrete.
The platfrms extend t a depth f ver 100 feet under the sea.
Extend（延伸, 伸展）= reach, stretch
-- a railway extends t the next city.
These alne tk sixteen mnths t build.
= It tk the wrkers sixteen mnths t build the platfrms.
Abve the surface f the water, the twers rise t a height f nearly 700 feet.
extend t a depth f… 伸展的深度
extend t a length f… 伸展的长度
extend t a width f… 伸展的宽度 （width n.宽度, 宽广 ）
rise t a height f… 伸展的高度
They supprt the cables frm which the bridge has been suspended.
which指代先行词cables
Each f the fur cables cntains 26,108 lengths f wire.
It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it wuld still nly be carrying
a third f its ttal capacity.
It has been estimated that...（It is said that… It is reprted that…）
It has been estimated, It has been expected
were 虚拟语气（桥上不可能摆满汽车）
carry v.承载
a third f… …的1/3
Hwever, size and strength are nt the nly imprtant things abut this bridge.
Despite its immensity, it is bth simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream t create
'an enrmus bject drawn as faintly as pssible'.
Immensity指代size
Despite = in spite f
Fulfill vt.履行, 实现, 完成(计划等)
Fulfilling 分词做状语表示结果
-- The bus was held up by the snwstrm, causing the delay.（hld up 阻挡, 拦截）
-- Her husband died in 1970, leaving her with her children.
-- At last he passed his examinatin, fulfilling his dream t g abrad.
Special difficulties 难点
I find him t be quite unsuitable fr the jb.（unsuitable adj.不适合的, 不相称的）
= I find that he is quite unsuitable fr the jb.
类似这种用法的词有： （presume vt.假定, 假设, 认为）
believe, cnsider, declare, feel, knw, suppse, think, presume, estimate, understand
-- I cnsider that he is the best candidate.（candidate n.候选人, 投考者）
-- I cnsider him t be the best candidate.
-- We estimated that this picture is wrth at least 500 punds.
-- We estimated this picture t be wrth at least 500 punds.
Prperty n.财产, 所有物
Treaty n.条约, 谈判
Invalid adj.无效的 n.病人, 残废者 adj.有病的, 残废的
Integrity n.正直, 诚实
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1. D cnsiderable adj.值得考虑的, 相当可观的
the lngest suspensin bridge was named after Verrazan.
2. A stretch n.一段路程, 一段时间
a wide stretch f water 连续不断的水域
3. A
The bridge is s lng that the shape f the earth had t be taken int accunt by its designer.
accunt fr 考虑, 说明, 解决
take accunt f / take int accunt 考虑
curvature n.弯曲度
vehicle n.交通工具, 车辆
4. A describe sth As
situated 动词过去分词接受 agreeably的限定
5. A 陈述客观事实
6. B
thus adv.因而, 从而, 这样, 如此
-- He sld his farm and thus he had enugh mney fr his jurney.
他卖掉了农场, 这样他就有足够的钱旅行了。
-- There has been n rain — thus, the crps are drying.
天没下雨, 因此庄稼要枯死了。
7. D
immense 描述性形容词用于物质名词的前面
sink vi.vt.（sank, sunk, sinking）下沉, 使沉没
ferr-cncrete n.[建]钢筋混凝土, 钢骨水泥
8. D lad n.负荷, 装载量, 负载
the lad = the ttal capacity
can不能与be able t 搭配连用
can+动词原形（表示一般的能力）
9. Aeither 表示两者中的每一方的
-- He sat in the car with a pliceman n either side f him.
-- n either side f the street
either adj.修饰名词的单数形式
bth adj.修饰名词的复数形式
every adj.用于三者或三者以上（意思上等于all）
-- in every directin = in all directins
side by side 肩并肩的, 并排
-- The tw bttles std side by side n the table.
-- walk side by side 肩并肩的走
10. Clink…with / jin… tattach… t 把…牢牢的系上 （attach v.系上, 贴上）
-- She attached a check t the rder frm. 她在定单上附了一张支票。
Relate…t/with 表示在…之间建立联系
-- I can't relate what yu say happened with what I saw.
我不能把你所说的发生的事件和我所看到的联系起来。
Unify vt.统一, 使成一体
11. Csuspensin bridge 吊桥suspended adj.暂停的, 缓期的, 延期的
-- The judge gave him a suspended sentence. 法官判了他缓刑。
-- judge n.法官, 审判员
Suspense n.担心, 不安, 悬念
-- The cmpetitrs in the beauty cntest were kept in suspense waiting fr the result.
-- cmpetitr（n.竞争者） cntest（n.论争, 竞赛）
Suspender n.吊索, 吊袜带
12. D
take vt.容纳, 装载
-- The tank will take abut twelve gallns.（n.加仑）
Sustain vt.支撑, 承受住
-- I dn't think this flr will sustain the weight f the grand pian.
Endure vt.经受, 承受(痛苦、苦难)
Receive vt.收到
Lessn 18 Electric currents in mdern art 现代艺术的电流
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Current n.电流（趋势, 电流, 水流, 气流）
-- the flw f electricity 电流
-- a cntinuus mvement f water 水流
current adj.目前的, 现在的（-- current affairs 时事）
currently adv.普遍地, 通常地, 现在, 当前
currency n.流通, 货币
sculpture n.雕塑
sculptural adj. 雕塑的, 雕刻般的
sculptr n.雕刻家
sculpt v.雕刻, 造型
mistaken adj.错误的（= incrrect, wrng, misunderstd）
-- The teacher has mistaken pinin f his pupil.
Her desn't use simple plain language and he is ften mistaken.
Mistake n.错误, 过失
-- make a mistake 犯错
-- by mistake 弄错了
-- He tk my umbrella by mistake. 他错拿了我的伞。
-- and n mistake 确实如此
-- He is hnest and n mistake. 他这个人确实很诚实。
Mistake vt.把...误认为, 弄错, 误解
-- mistake sb fr 把某人误认为
-- Yesterday I mistk him fr my classmate.
Gallery n.美术馆
Exhibit n.展品, 陈列品（= smething that shw in public）
Exhibitin n.展览会
-- We went t an exhibitin t visit exhibits.
Oddly adv.古怪的（= strangely）
dd adj.古怪的（因为少见而奇怪）
strange adj.陌生的, 奇怪的（因为陌生而奇怪）
queer adj.奇特的（因为不同于其它的而奇怪）
-- Lk, he is wearing a queer hat.
Fantastic adj.奇妙的
Eccentric adj.怪癖的（-- He is an eccentric persn.）
Attach v.连，系
attach vt.系、拴、粘上、贴上（-- attach…t…）
-- He attached the lamb t a tree.
Attach…t sb fr sth 因为某事而把…加再某人身上
-- We didn't attach blame t him fr his failure. 我们没有因为他的失败而责备他。
attach imprtance t sth 对某事非常重视
-- We attach imprtance t educatin.
be attached t sth 喜欢, 喜爱
-- I'm very attached t her.
attachment n.附属物, 固定物, 爱慕, 友情
sphere n.球体
magnetize v.使磁化, 吸引
-- The irn was magnetized.
-- His speech magnetized the listeners.
Repel v.排斥, 使厌恶（= t drive back, cause feelings f dislike）
-- The different sexes attract each ther and the same sexes repel n the cntrary.
同性向吸, 异性相斥。
-- Let me g at nce, yu repel me. 让我走, 你真让我恶心。
Flicker v.闪烁（= shine unsteadily） unsteadily（adv.不稳定地, 摇摆地）
flash vi.闪光, 闪现（= shine fr a mment）
emit v.放射（= give ff）
emit sund / emit smell / emit light / emit heat / emit smke
flash v.闪光
prehistric adj.史前的，老掉牙的（histric adj.历史上著名的, 有历史性的）
electrnic adj.电子的
peculiar adj.奇异的（= strange and unusual）
-- The fd has peculiar taste. 这食物有一种奇特的味道。
-- I'm feeling rather peculiar. = I am felling ill.
Shck v.令人震惊，刺激人
-- get shcked 受震动
-- At the news, he gt shcked.
Shck n.震惊（-- get a big shck）
emtinally adv.事情上
emtinal adj.易激动的, 情绪的, 感情脆弱的（反义词：unemtinal）
-- I think yu agree with me, wmen are ften said t be mre emtinal than men.
emtive adj.使感动的, 感情的, 动感情的
-- The wrd hme is mre emtive than huse.
emtin n.（抽象的）感情
-- Lve, hated, and grief are emtins.（grief n.悲痛, 悲伤）
feeling n.某时的内心感受
-- I can't describe my feeling nw.
electric adj.电的, 用电的
dangerus adj.危险的
interest n.兴趣, 利息 vt.使发生兴趣
display n.陈列, 展览, 显示, 显示器 vt.陈列, 展览, 显示
frm n.状, 形态, 外形
recent adj.新近的, 近来的
shaped adj.有形状的；成某种形状的
respnse n.回答, 响应, 反应
familiar adj.熟悉的, 常见的
line up v.整队, 排列起
against prep.相反, 反对, 逆着, 靠着, 倚着
wire n.属丝, 电线
metal n.金属
attract vt.吸引
structure n.结构, 构造, 构造物, 建筑物
clur（vt.把...涂颜色, 粉饰） clured（adj.有彩色的, 有色的）
spark n.火花, 火星, 闪光
lamp n.灯 vt.照亮
electric adj.电的, 导电的, 用电的 adj.惊人的, 令人兴奋的
Text 课文
Hw might sme f the exhibits have been dangerus?
Mdern sculpture rarely surprises us any mre.
Rarely = seldm
本句= We are nt surprised at mdern sculpture .
The idea that mdern art can nly be seen in museums is mistaken.
that引导同位语从句, 修饰限定the idea 的内容。
-- The idea that ne can learn English well in English-speaking cuntries is mistaken.
Even peple wh take n interest in art cannt have failed t ntice examples f mdern
sculpture n display in public places.
重点句式结构：
wh take n interest in art 修饰说明peple
take interest in 对…感兴趣 / shw interest in 显示对…的兴趣
take delight in 对…感到高兴 / take pride in 对…感到骄傲
cannt, failed t 双重否定意味着肯定（强调肯定的语气）
-- He must have passed his examinatin last week.
= He cannt have failed t pass his examinatin last week.
-- Yu must keep yur prmise. = Yu can't fail t keep yur prmise.（n.许诺）
n display / n shw 展览, 展出
Strange frms stand in gardens, and utside buildings and shps.
We can see sculptures everywhere
We have gt quite used t them. Sme s-called 'mdern' pieces have been n display fr
nearly eighty years.
get used t… = get accustmed t… 习惯于… （accustmed adj.通常的, 习惯的）
用夸张的口吻表明事实
In spite f this, sme peple -- including myself -- were surprise by a recent exhibitin f
mdern sculpture.
in spite f this 尽管如此（作者表明了自己的观点）
The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a ntice which said: 'D nt tuch
the exhibits.
重点句型：The first a ntice which said...
I saw是定语从句省略了that
Sme f them are dangerus!' The bjects n display were pieces f mving sculpture.
The sculpture can mve.
Oddly shaped frms that are suspended frm the ceiling and mve in respnse t a gust f
wind are quite familiar t everybdy.
句子主干：Oddly shaped frms are familiar t everybdy
that引导的定语从句用来限定shaped frms
that 定语从句中：in respnse t = in reactin t 作为对…的反应
be familiar t sb 对某人来讲很熟悉
-- The huse is familiar t him.
-- I dn't really remember where I have seen him befre, but he lks very familiar t me.
be familiar with sth 熟悉, 熟知
-- Are yu familiar with the play f Shakespeare?
-- I'm familiar with that bk t.
These bjects, hwever, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were lng thin wires
attached t metal spheres.
lined up（过去分词做状语）与lng thin wires为被动关系
attached t metal spheres（过去分词做定语）修饰lng thin wires.
there were lng thin wires attached t metal spheres.
= there were lng thin wires that were attached t metal spheres.
The spheres had been magnetized and attracted r repelled each ther all the time.
In the centre f the hall, there were a number f tall structures which cntained clured
lights.
the center f the hall 展厅的中央
clured lights 彩色灯泡
These lights flickered cntinuusly like traffic lights which have gne mad.
cntinuusly adv.不停止的
g mad 发疯, 发狂（= run mad）
-- He must have gne mad t d such a thing.
Sparks were emitted frm small black bxes and red lamps flashed n and ff angrily.
n and ff = cntinually = Intermittently adv.间歇的, 断断续续的
n and n = cntinuusly adv.无间断地, 连续不断地
-- It has been raining n and ff since nn.
It was rather like an exhibitin f prehistric electrnic equipment.
It was rather like... = It was mre like...
These peculiar frms nt nly seemed designed t shck peple emtinally, but t give them
electric shcks as well!
nt well
seem(系动词)＋名词／形容词／分词
Key structures 关键句型
n interest in display...
used t...
the respnse t...
t...
Special difficulties 难点
以元音+ｙ结尾的名词/动词, 加ｓ时直接加。
Day  days
Way  ways
Enjy  enjys
Buy  buys
以辅音+ｙ结尾的名词/动词, 加ｓ时, 去ｙ变I加es。
Lady  ladies
Berry  berries
Reply  replies
Jungle’s pinin：不能有三个辅音在一起, 否则不好读。（例：ladys）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1. A正确
2. C正确
mbile adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的
effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响
electrnic adj.电子的
activate vt.刺激, 使活动, 开[起] 动, 触发
3. D正确 ne culd nt pass them unnticed
can nt pass smething unnticed 不可能路过某物而不注意到它
-- The dress is s beautiful that I can't pass it unnticed
unnticed adj.不引人注意的, 被忽视的
untuched adj.未触及的; 没有动过的
4. C正确 eighty years ag（一般过去时）
5. C正确 entrance + t, arrival + in/at
6. prhibit vt.阻止, 禁止（重点强调法律或条例明文禁止）
prhibit smebdy frm ding smething
-- The law prhibit children frm buying alchl.（n.酒精, 酒）
frbid smebdy t d smething
-- The law frbid children t buy alchl.
7. A正确 in rder that只能引导目的状语从句
s that可以引导目的和结果状语从句
1>引导目的状语从句时：s that + 情态动词
2>引导结果状语从句时：s that + 一般时态
8. D正确 …（bth和and的后面成分应该相同）
9. D正确 at ne blw 强调一次重击
all f a sudden = suddenly
with a light tuch 轻轻的一碰
10 A正确 gave ff
11 B正确 illuminate v.照明, 照亮
-- illuminated by candle / illuminate the streets
enlighten vt.开导, 启发
enlightened adj.开通的, 开明的（-- enlightened plicy 开明的政策）
alight vi.(不及物)下车, 落下（alighted, alighted）（alit, alit）
-- Passengers shuld nt alight frm the train until it has stpped.
alighted adj.点着的, 发亮的（= burning）
-- the fire is alighted/burning
12 C正确 designed表达一种意图
-- a bk designed/intended mainly fr English learner. 一本专门为英语学习者编写的书。
Draw vt.画（-- draw a picture）
Draw vt.支取, 提取（-- draw mney frm bank）Create vt.创造
Lessn 19 A very dear cat 一条贵重的宝贝猫
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Dear adj.亲爱的，珍贵的；昂贵的
Dear = Cstly（adj.昂贵的, 贵重的）= expensive
-- I can't affrd the car because it's t dear.
Dear adj.珍贵的, 宝贵的
-- The cat is dear t me.（adj.珍贵的）
-- The lamb is prize t Mary = The lamb is dear t Mary
cst smebdy dear 花了某人很多钱（dear adv.昂贵地, 价高地）
-- The cat cst the lady dear.
kidnapper n.绑架者，拐骗者
kidnap vt.诱拐(小孩), 绑架, 勒赎
-- They kidnapped five hstages.（n.人质, 抵押品）
cnsiderable adj.相当大的
-- a cnsiderable business. 大型企业。
-- He has gt a cnsiderable success.
Cnsiderably adv.相当大地, 相当多地（= much, a lt , a great deal）
-- It's cnsiderably clder tday than yesterday.
Cnsiderate（adj.考虑周到的）= thughtful（adj.体贴的, 关切的）
be cnsiderate t smebdy 对某人很体贴
-- Are yu cnsiderate/thughful t yur wife?
Cnsidered（adj.经慎重考虑的, 经过熟思的）
-- It's my cnsidered pinin.
all things cnsidered 就各方面而言
-- All things cnsidered, he finished the wrk well.
Cnsidering 就…而论；照…来看；考虑到…
介词-- Cnsidering his age, the little by reads very well.
就他的年龄来说, 这小孩读得算挺好的。
连词-- They have dne it well cnsidering (that) they have n experience.
副词-- He studies English well, cnsidering. 就各方面而言, 他英语学得很好。
= He studies English well, all things cnsidered.
Wealthy adj.富的，有钱的
Orderly adj.有规律的
Disappearance n.失踪
Annymus adj.匿名的
Ransm n.赎金
pay ransm t smebdy
-- The ld lady paid a ransm f ne thusand punds t the kidnapper.
hld smebdy t ransm 绑架某人为了赎金
-- They kidnapped the by and held him t ransm.
Cardbard n.硬纸板
Withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn) v.（从银行）取钱
punctually adv.准时地
punctual adj.严守时刻的, 准时的
Punctuality n.准时
astund v.使吃惊
surprise, astnish, amaze, astund 语气一个比一个强
-- He was astunded t hear f her death.
-- They were amazed t find the lazy girl came very early.
Surprising adj.令人惊讶的
Surprised adj.感到惊讶的
Flat n.平面, 平地, 一层, 公寓 adj.平坦的, 扁平的
Wrd n.字, 词, 话
Sure adj.对有把握, 确信某事 adv.的确, 当然
Amunt n.数量
Text 课文
Why was Rastus 'very dear' in mre ways than ne?
Kidnappers are rarely interested in animals, but they recently tk cnsiderable interest in
Mrs.
Rarely = seldm adv.很少地
be interest in = take interest in （一句话中用不同的表达方式, 是为了避免从复）
tk great interest in = take enrmus/tremendus interest in
Eleanr Ramsay's cat. Mrs. Eleanr Ramsay, a very wealthy ld lady, has shared a flat with
her cat, Rastus, fr a great many years.
share smething with smebdy 和某人分享某物
-- I share the rm with my friend.
Fr a great many years = fr a lng time.
Rastus leads an rderly life. He usually takes a shrt walk in the evenings and is always
hme by seven 'clck.
Orderly adj.有秩序的, 有顺序的
Discipline v.训练 n.纪律, 学科
Disciplined n.受过训练的,遵守纪律的
Regular adj.规则的, 有秩序的
takes a shrt walk = ges fr a walk = ges fr a strll
strll n.漫步, 闲逛
One evening, hwever, he failed t arrive.
Mrs. Ramsay gt very wrried. She lked everywhere fr him but culd nt find him.
Hwever的使用表明：he isn’t hme that evening.
lk fr, find
There days after Rastus' disappearance, Mrs. Ramsay received an annymus letter.
after可以和名词搭配
-- three days after Jhnsn’s arrival. 约翰逊到来三天之后。
-- three days after the kidnapper’s appearance.
The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands and wuld be returned immediately if Mrs. Ramsay paid a ransm f $1,000.
State 非常正式的声明
Mrs. Ramsay was instructed t place the mney in a cardbard bx and t leave it utside
her dr.
Instruct = rder（vt.命令） = tell frmally（adv.正式地, 形式上）
be instructed t d smething
-- The jurnalist was instructed t btain the exact statistics.
At first she decided t g t the plice, but fearing that she wuld never see Rastus again –
the letter had made that quite clear -- she changed her mind.
Fearing 现在分词做原因状语
make it clear t smebdy that…（it是形式主语）
-- The teacher has made it clear t us that we must read English alud every day.
She withdrew $1000 frm her bank and fllwed the kidnapper's instructins.
The next mrning, the bx had disappeared but Mrs. Ramsay was sure that the kidnapper
wuld keep his wrd.
Keep his wrd = keep his prmise 遵守诺言
wrd表示诺言时, 要采用单数形式
keep his wrd 遵守诺言 / break his wrd 失信用
give smebdy ne's wrd 向某人保证
-- I give yu my wrd that I will return yur bicycle.
as gd as ne's wrd 表示守信用（侧重点在于强调一个结果）
-- He prmised t pay me the mney and he was as gd as his wrd.
他许诺把钱给我, 正如他所言他遵守了他的诺言。
g back n ne's wrd 食言, 违背诺言
Sure enugh, Rastus arrived punctually at seven 'clck that evening.
sure enugh 强调确实如此
-- I said it wuld happen, and sure enugh it did happen.
He lked very well thugh he was rather thirsty, fr he drank half a bttle f milk.
half a bttle f milk 半瓶牛奶
half the mney 一半的钱 / half the distance 一半的距离
The plice were astunded when Mrs. Ramsay tld them what she had dne.
She explained that Rastus was very dear t her.
Cnsidering the amunt she paid, he was dear in mre ways than ne!
in mre ways than ne = in many ways
dear具有双重意义（即是亲爱的, 又是昂贵的）
Special difficulties 难点
逗号的用法：
1>三个或三个以上的词、短语或句子只用一个并列连接词来连接，他们之间就要用逗号，并列连接词前也要用逗号
-- He pened the letter, read it, and made a nte f its cntents.
2>插入语或同位语前后必须用逗号分开
-- I wn ver a thusand bks and, t make matters wre, the rm is rather small.
3>状语从句位于句首时也要用逗号和主句分隔开来，放在句尾则不需要
-- After we had visited the market, we returned hme.
= We returned hme after we had visited the market.
4>非限定性定语从句必须用逗号分开
-- Thanks t the English Channel, which separates Britain frm Eurpe, the cuntry has nt been
invaded since 1066.
5>语次转变词也应该用逗号将其和句子其他成分分开
-- A few cars, hwever, cmpleted the race.
-- He feared the examinatin. He culdn’t, therefre, cntinued his study at schl.
= He feared the examinatin. Therefre, He culdn’t cntinued his study at schl.
6>介词短语和分词短语位于句首时, 也必须加逗号加以分隔。
-- Taking ff his jacket, Gerge pushed his arm thrugh the drain cver.
-- With sme children, small mney ges a lng way.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1. A正确 culd and wuld 愿意并有能力
cmpanin n.同伴, 共事者
2. B正确 n what cnditins 在什么样的基础之上
reveal vt.展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露
3. A正确 greatly adv.很, 非常
4. B正确 fr a great many years（用完成时）
5. D正确
6. A正确 reactin n.反应, 反作用
根据语法规则：
主语是ambitin, duty, gal, hpe, idea, intentin, mistake, plan, plicy, purpse, reactin, suggestin等名词的时, 句子的表语必须是t不定式短语, 该不定式短语是说明其内容的。
-- His purpse in life was t seek truth instead f mney.
-- Our plan is t make better use f this material.
7. B正确
fr fear + f/that
-- They are wrking hard fr fear that they shuld fail.
= They are wrking hard fr fear f failure.
afraid fr 侧重点表示：为...感到担心, 害怕失去
-- The parents are ften are afraid fr their children. 父母常为孩子担心。
-- He was afraid fr his jb. 他害怕丢工作。
-- I am nt afraid fr my head. 我不怕掉脑袋。
8. D正确 修饰mney用large
9. D正确
measured adj.慎重的, 有节奏的, 标准的, 整齐的, 有规则的
regular adj.强调有规则的
disciplined n.受过训练的, 遵守纪律的
10.B正确
g fr a walk = g fr a strll
g n/fr a trek 进行艰苦的跋涉
-- trek n.牛拉车旅行, 艰苦跋涉
g fr a trt 去散步
-- trt n.小跑, 骑马, 疾走, 忙碌 lane n.（乡间）小路, 巷, 里弄
-- I'm ging fr a trt dwn the lane. 我正沿着巷子小跑。
11.C正确 sure enugh = as (was) expected
withut a dubt adv.无疑地
as a matter f fact adv.事实上（in fact = actually 实际上, 事实上）
12.A正确 healthy adj.健康的, 健壮的
sane（adj.神志清楚的, 头脑清楚的）= sensible（明智的, 有判断力的）
Lessn 20 Pineer pilts 飞行员的先驱
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Pineer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓, 为…开路, 作先驱者
Yung pineer 少先队员
A pineer f peratin 手术的开创者
Advcate n.提倡者, 鼓吹者vt.提倡, 鼓吹
-- pineer adult educatin 倡导成人教育
lrd n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
lrdless adj.无君主的, 无丈夫的
lrdship n.贵族权力, 贵族身份
lrdly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地
duke n.公爵
marquis n.(英国等的)侯爵（亦作：marquess）
earl n.<英>伯爵
viscunt n.(英国的)子爵
barn n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主（女性为： barness）
Calais n.加来（法国港市）
Overland adj.陆上的
Overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上
-- an vernight trip一整夜的旅行 / an vernight guest 过夜的客人
verppulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的
verseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的
ver+动词（ver表示超过）
vereat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多
versleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久
verwrk n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度
vercharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电
verestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高
pilt n.飞行员, 领航员, 引水员
engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头
Calais 加来（法国北部港市）
Latest adj.最后的, 最迟的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息, 最新式样
Last vi.持续, 支持, 维持
Dver n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）
Text 课文
What was the name f the first plane t fly acrss the English Channel?
In 1908 Lrd Nrthcliffe ffered a prize f f1,000 t the first man wh wuld fly acrss the
English Channel.
the first man wh wuld fly acrss… = the first man t fly acrss...
序数词和动词不定式t搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句
-- the first persn t greet him was a lcal pliceman
-- She was the nly ne t survive the plane crash. 她是唯一幸存与飞机失事的人。
= She was the nly ne that survive the plane crash.
Over a year passed befre the first attempt was made.
如果befre所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间（则最佳翻译方法：才...）
attempt n.努力, 尝试, 企图 vt.尝试, 企图（attempt的语气比try强烈）
in ne's attempt
-- She failed in her attempt t swim the English Channel. 她横度英吉利海峡的尝试失败了。
make an attempt n
-- He made an attempt n the muntain. 他试图攀登那座山。
make an attempt t d
-- She made every attempt t run away. 她想尽一切办法逃走。
make n attempt
-- She made n attempt t run away. 她没有想逃走。
On July 19th, 1909, in the early mrning, Hubert Latham tk ff frm the French cast in
his plane the 'Antinette IV.'
He had travelled nly seven miles acrss the Channel when his engine failed and he was
frced t land n sea.
When = at that mment
Failed = break dwn 失灵, 出故障
Fail 失败、忽视
-- She failed t win the prize.
-- When I saw him, my wrds failed me. 当我见到他的时候, 我不知道说什么好了。
be frced t d 被迫做某事
The 'Antinette' flated n the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
picked up = save = rescue
Tw days alter, Luis Blerit arrived near Calais with a plane called 'N. XI'. Blerit had
been making planes since 1905 and this was his lattes mdel.
with a plane（with 具有、带有）-- a suitcase with a handle
A week befre, he had cmpleted a successful verland flight during which he cvered
twenty-six miles.
= A week befre, he had cmpleted a successful verland flight and during the flight he cvered
twenty-six miles.
-- during which = during flight
Latham, hwever, did nt give up easily.
He, t, arrived near Calais n the same day with a new 'Antinette'.
It lked as if there wuld be an exciting race acrss the Channel.
It lked as if 似乎, 看起来
-- It lked as if there wuld be a heavy strm.
Bth planes were ging t take ff n July 25th, but Latham failed t get up early enugh.
After making a shrt test flight at 4,15 a.m., Blerit set ff half an hur later.
make a shrt test flight 做段距离试飞之后
His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes.
When he landed near Dver, the first persn t greet him was a lcal pliceman.
= When he landed near Dver, the first persn wh greeted him was a lcal pliceman.
Latham made anther attempt a week later and gt within half a mile f Dver, but he was
unlucky again.
make anther attempt 做了另一次试飞
His engine failed and he landed n the sea fr the secnd time.
fr the first time / fr the secnd time
Key structures 关键句型
介词和关系代词搭配的用法：（决定介词位置的四个因素）
1>在正式的用法和用于书面语中, 当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时, 能够把可移位
的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。
-- This is the persn abut whm I was telling yu.
-- Is this the bk fr which yu asked me?
2>在非正式的用法和口语当中, 介词一般要放在从句的末尾。
3>有些动词＋介词, 合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位。这个时候介词必须紧跟动词,
不可移位
-- take after, accunt fr
4>在很多情况下, 介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语, 在从句中起着状语作用, 与从句的
谓语动词毫无关系, 不是谓语动词的一部分。这时介词始终位于关系代词之前。
-- He described it was a very agreeable situatin lcated within tw small hills. + In the midst f
tw small hills, flwed a great river.  He described it as a very agreeable situatins lcated
within tw small hills in the midst f which flwed a great river.
-- Mrs. Ramsay received an annymus letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe
hands.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1. C正确 develp（vt.使显出, 出现, 产生） take-ff（n.起飞）
2. B正确
3. B正确 frced landing 迫降 prperly（adv.适当地, 完全地）
4. C正确 序数词和不定式搭配连用
5. A正确 nt till / nt until
6. C正确 有just一般用完成时
7. D正确 prmised vt.预示（有可能发生好的迹象）
threaten 预示…的恶兆
-- The river f liquid rck threatened t surrund him cmpletely, but Tazieff managed t escape
just in time.
这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住,但泰哲夫还是设法及时躲开了。
8. A正确
9. C 正确
n further 修饰距离 （-- I can walk n further. 我再也走不动了。）
n lnger 修饰时间或长度 （-- He n lnger lives here. 他再也不住这了。）
n mre 修饰某物 （-- I can eat n mre. 我再也吃不下了。）
10.D正确
-- The ship rde the waves. 这艘船漂浮在水面上。
hld water 论点或观点站得住脚
-- What yu said desn’t hld water. 你的话站不得住脚。
Watertight adj. 无懈可击的, 不漏水的, 不透水的
-- a watertight cntract. 严密的合同
11.A正确
12.D正确
immense adj.修饰面积大得难以测量
grand adj.雄伟的, 壮丽的, 盛大的
Lessn 21 Daniel Mendza 丹尼尔.门多萨
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Bxing n.拳击
Bxer n.拳击手
Bare adj.赤裸的（= uncvered adj.无盖的）
Fisted adj.握成拳头的
bare fist = bare fisted adj.赤手空拳的 adv.赤手空拳地
bare ft = barefted adj.光着脚的 adv.未戴帽地
barehanded（adj.赤手空拳的） barelegged（adj.露腿的 adv.光着腿的）
bare-necked（adj.露出脖子的） bareheaded（adj.不戴帽子的）
naked adj.全裸, 赤裸的, 裸体的
-- He's walking in bare feet. 他光着双脚走路。
-- He is naked. = he has nthing n 他什么也没穿。
Nude adj.裸体的, 光秃秃的 n.裸体画, 裸体, 裸体雕像
-- Nudes are art. 裸体画是一种艺术。
prizefighter n.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
crude adj.粗野的
be crude t smebdy
-- He is crude t the girl.
Rude adj.粗鲁的, 无礼的（比crude的语气要弱）
Marquis n.侯爵
Technically adv.严格根据法律意义地
Science n.科学
Ppularity n.名望（n.普及, 流行, 声望）
in ppularity 受欢迎的
-- Instant adj.立即的, 即时的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的
-- Instant fds are getting in ppularity.
-- Ppular sngs are in ppularity.
Ppular adj.通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的
-- Be ppular with sb 受某人喜爱
-- The famus actr is ppular with yung peple.
Fame n.名声, 名望, 传说 famus adj.著名的, 出名的
Reputatin n.声誉, 名誉, 名声
adre v.崇拜, 爱戴（= wrship vi.敬神, 拜神 vt.崇拜, 尊敬）
-- Mre and mre peple adre the famus actress.
alike adv.一样地
= similarly adv.同样地, 类似于
= equally adv.同样地, 相等地, 平等地
= as well 也, 又, 同样
= in the same way adv.同样地
-- He was adred by rich and pr alike.
-- The teacher is adred by by and girl alike.
Fame n.名声
Eminent adj.著名的，杰出的
= distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；超群的；出众的；著名的
-- eminent scientist / eminent physicist（n.物理学家）
bitterly adv.厉害地
-- It is blwing bitterly.
Bitter adj.苦的, 辛酸的, 刺骨的
-- During cld winter, it is really bitter. / bitter fruit 苦果
bet v.打赌
bet n smething 以…打赌
-- The public bet n Tm. 公众把赌注押在汤姆的身上。
bet smebdy that 和某人打赌
-- I bet her I wuld win the march.
bet ne's bttm dllar n… 孤注一掷在…上
-- He bet his bttm dllar n his last attempt.
bet n the wrng hrse [口]判断或估计错误
I bet. 我打赌, 我肯定。
Yu bet. [俗]当然, 真的, 的确（= certainly）
Academy n.专业学校
Extravagant adj.浪费的，奢移的（wasteful adj.浪费的, 不经济的）
-- extravagant habit
反义词：thrifty, frugal, ecnmical
pverty n.贫困（in pverty 在贫困中）
indigence n.贫乏, 穷困
destitutin n.赤贫（穷得一无所有）
penury n.拮据, 贫穷, 穷困
unsuccessful adj.不成功的, 失败的
champin n.冠军, 战士
injure vt.损害, 伤害 v.伤害
injured adj.受伤的,受损害的
figure n.人物, 尤其是著名人物
glve n.手套 vt.戴手套
draw vt., vi.(drew, drawn, drawing)拉, 拖, 绘制
swift adj.迅速的, 敏捷的 adv.迅速地, 敏捷地
swiftly adv.很快地, 即刻
settled adj.确立的, 定下的, 决定的
quarrel vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔
argument n.争论, 辩论
finally adv.最後, 最终
ring n.拳击场
later adj.更迟的,更后的 adv.稍后,随后
lse vi. 失败, 受损失
debt n.债；债务
Text 课文
Hw many unsuccessful attempts did Mendza make befre becming Champin f all England?
Bxing matches were very ppular in England tw hundred years ag.
be ppular = be in ppularity
In thse days, bxers fught with bare fists fr prize mney.
fught with bare fists 赤手空拳的打斗
Because f this, they were knwn as 'prizefighters'.
Hwever, bxing was very crude, fr these were n rules and a prizefighter culd be
seriusly injured r even killed during a match.
One f the mst clurful figures in bxing histry was Daniel Mendza, wh was brn in
1764.
One f the mst clurful figures = ne f the mst famus peple
The use f glves was nt intrduced until 1860, when the Marquis f Queensberry drew up
the first set f rules.
Intrduce（vt.传入, 引进）= bring in（介绍引进）
-- Ptates were intrduced int Eurpe frm Suth America.
draw up vt.制定、起草（-- draw up a plan）
Thugh he was technically a prizefighter, Mendza did much t change crude prizefighting
int a sprt, fr he brught science t the game.
In his day, Mendza enjyed tremendus ppularity. He was adred by rich and pr alike.
In his day = in his full time = in his gd day 在他的全盛时期
He was adred by rich and pr alike.
= He was nt nly adred by the rich but adred by the pr as well.
Mendza rse t fame swiftly after a bxing match when he was nly furteen years ld.
rise t fame = becme famus
This attracted the attentin f Richard Humphries wh was then the mst eminent bxer in
England.
attract smebdy's attentin = attract the attentin f smebdy
He ffered t train Mendza and his yung pupil was quick t learn.
In fact, Mendza sn became s successful that Humphries turned against him.
turn against… 变成和...敌对
The tw men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument culd nly be settled by
a fight.
bitter（adv.非常, 剧烈, 厉害）= Severely（adv.严格地, 激烈地）
A match was held at Stiltn, where bth men fught fr an hur.
The public bet a great deal f mney n Mendza, but he was defeated.
Mendza met Humphries in the ring n a later ccasin and he lst fr a secnd time.
he lst fr a secnd time = he lst again
It was nt until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became
Champin f England.
It is/was nt until
Jungle’s pinin: 在英语中喜欢把nt和until连在一起用
例如：He didn’t leave until the rain stpped.
Meanwhile, he funded a highly successful Academy and even Lrd Byrn became ne f his
pupils.
He earned enrmus sums f mney and was paid as much as $100 fr a single appearance.
as much as 多达
Despite this, he was s extravagant that he was always in debt.
in debt 欠债, 负债
After he was defeated by a bxer called Gentleman Jacksn, he was quickly frgtten.
He was sent t prisn fr failing t pay his debts and died in pverty in 1836.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
grasp vt.抓住, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 掌握, 领会
establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定, 证实
in favr f adv.赞同, 有利于
apart frm 除什么之外还有
supplement vt.补足, 补充

we peple mney = we mney t peple

vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 逼真的
persnality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人
character n.特性, 性质, 特征, 人物
image n.图象, 肖像, 偶像
imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的 adj.富于想象的, 有想象力的
exceptinally（adj.例外的, 异常的）  unusually（adv.显著地, 不同寻常的）
-- An exceptinally beautiful girl.
marvelusly（adj.不可思议的, 非凡的） = wnderfully（adv.奇妙的, 奇异的）
singly adv.单独的
unequally adv.不相等地, 不公平地, 独一无二的
rise vi.n.
jealus adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的
disinterested adj.无私心的, 廉洁的, 公正的 adj.[美口]不关心的, 不感兴趣的
revlt v.反抗, 起义, 反叛
revlted adj.起来反抗的, 起义的, 厌恶的
beat = defeat
cnquer vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服
gain vt.vi.赢得, 获得 win v.赢得（比赛）
Lessn 22 By heart 熟记台词
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
run (ran, run) v.（戏剧, 电影等）连演，连映
-- The film is s successful that it runs fr several weeks.

Lines n.（剧本中的）台词
Part n.剧中的角色, 台词
Falter v.支吾, 结巴说
-- He has practised the pem several times, s he has n cause t falter.
他练习这首诗好多次了，所以没有理由结巴。
Stammer v.口吃, 结巴着说出, 结结巴巴地说
Falter vi.蹒跚而行蹒跚踉跄, 摇摆
= Stagger v.摇晃, 蹒跚, 交错, 摇摇摆摆
-- He faltered hme.
cast (cast, cast) v.选派…扮演角色
-- The actr was cast in the rle f her. 这个演员在剧中扮演英雄的角色。
Rle n.角色, 任务
Rle n.角色
Aristcrat n.贵族
Imprisn v.关押（= put sb in prisn 关押某人）
-- He was imprisned fr 10 years.
imprisnment n.关押
-- sentence sb t life imprisnment 判名人终生监禁
prisn, jail = gal n.监狱
-- send sb t prisn / put sb in prisn / thrw sb int prisn
in prisn 坐牢（不加the）
-- He is in prisn/jail/gal.
= He is behind bars. 他在铁窗之后。
Bastille n.巴士底狱
Galer n.监狱长，看守
Clleague n.同事
Curtain n.（舞台上的）幕布
Reveal v.使显露, 揭露, 揭穿
-- The secret hasn't been revealed.
Reveal vt.把什么露出来
-- A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.（n.风景, 景色）
Disclse vt.揭发（-- disclse the truth）
Discver vt.发现
Uncver vt.揭开具体的盖子
-- A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
Revealable adj.可展现的
Revealer n.探测器
cell n.单人监房, 监号
blank adj.空白的
squint v.眯着（眼）看, 瞄
squint ne's eyes眯着眼睛
-- He squinted his eyes and lked at the letter.
pear at 眯着眼睛看
dim adj.昏暗
-- The rm is t dim s I can't read the letter.
Glmy adj.(天气,心情)抑郁的
-- The weather is glmy tday. / He is in glmy md.
Dusky adj.(天色)漆黑的, 黑暗的
-- Twards evening it’s getting dusky.
Murky adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的
-- I can't g ut at murky night.
Misty adj.多雾的, 迷蒙的
-- The building is ut f sight n such a misty day.
Sire n.（古用法）陛下
Prceed v.继续进行 （停顿之后的继续）
prceed t/with 进行继续某事
-- Let's prceed t business.
-- Yu must prceed with yur wrk.
Prceed frm… 从…着手开始继续
-- They prceed frm lessn ne.
prceed against sb 起诉某人
-- He decided t prceed against his neighbur.
Expect vt. <口>(料)想, 认为, 指望
Expect vt.要求
Alne adj.单独的, 独一无二的 adv.独自地
Anxius adj.担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的
Fellw adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
Learnt vt.记住
Line n.台词
Text 课文
Which actr read the letter in the end, the aristcrat r the galer?
Sme plays are s successful that they run fr years n end, In many ways, this is
unfrtunate fr the pr actrs wh are required t g n repeating the same lines night
after night.
By heart 熟记
n end = cntinuusly adv.连续的（位于具体的时间之后）
-- He sat there fr hurs n end.
-- We had hardly anything t eat fr days n end.
n end = upright adv.竖着
-- The cat's fur std n end.
-- I gt a big shck, s my hair std n end. 我被吓了一跳, 以至于我毛骨悚然。
Wh = actr 关系代词做主语, 不能省略
-- The student wh was required t recite the pem 100 times is really pr.
One wuld expect them t knw their parts by heart and never have cause t falter.
learn/knw by heart 把什么牢记在心
-- The sentence is s imprtant that yu must learn it by heart.
heart and sul adv.全心全意的, 全身心的
-- We sever the students heart and sul.
take heart 鼓起勇气, 恢复信心
lse ne’s heart 失去信心
lse ne’s heart t sb = give ne’s heart t sb 亲信于某人
-- The by lst his heart t the girl.
put ne's heart int sth 致力于某事
-- Nthing is difficult if yu put yur heart int it. 世上无难事, 只怕有心人。
have ne's heart in ne's bts 提心吊胆
-- He had his heart in his bts when he went ut alng at night.
Wuld v. (will 的过去式)
1> [表示过去将来时, 用于第二、三人称](第一人称英国用 shuld, 美国用 wuld) 将, 会
-- He said he wuld cme. 他说他要来。
2> [表示意愿]愿; 偏要, 肯
-- He wuld eat nthing. 他不肯吃东西; 他什么也不愿吃。
-- I tld him nt t g, but he wuld nt listen. 我叫他别去, 可他偏不听。
-- He wuld g in spite f ur warnings. 他不听我们的劝告, 执意要去。
3> [表示过去的习惯动作]常常, 总是
-- He wuld sit fr hurs ding nthing. 过去他常常 坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
-- He wuld cme t see us n Sundays. 过去星期天他经常来看望我们。
4> [表示推测]大概, 该是
-- I wuld be abut ten when my brther left hme. 我哥哥离开家时, 我大概十岁左右。
5> [表示某种假设的意志]想要, 愿意
-- I culd d s if I wuld. 要是我愿意, 我能够这样做(但我不愿意)。
-- If yu wuld d this fr me, I shuld be grateful indeed.
若是你愿意为我做这件事, 我将万分感激 。
6> [表示虚拟, 假设, 虚 构, 用于虚拟条件句的主句第二、第三人称, 美国也用于第一人称]
要, 会, 就会, 将要
-- They wuld be killed if the car went ver the cliff. 如果汽车翻在悬崖下, 他们就会丧命。
-- They wuld have been killed if the car had gne ver the cliff.
如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下, 他们早就丧命了。
8> [表示请求或个人想法、看法, 使语气更婉转]请
-- Wuld yu kindly shw me the way t the statin? 劳驾, 请问到车站的路怎么走?
-- I wuld like t speak a few wrds. 我想讲几句话。
-- It wuld seem that he was right. 看来他倒是对的。
9> [表示假想的愿望]但愿, 要是...多好
-- Wuld [I wuld] that they were safe hme again! 愿他们再能平安回家!
-- Wuld that I were yung again. 我若能再年青些该多好啊!
-- We wish that he wuld cme again. 我们但愿他会再来。
-- I wuld rather yu came n Sunday. 希望你星期天来。
10> [表示能力](=culd) 能
-- The barrel wuld hld 100 litres. 这桶能装一百升。
Yet this is nt always the case. = This case is nt like this.
A famus actr in a highly successful play was nce cast in the rle f an aristcrat wh had
been imprisned in the Bastille fr twenty years.
In the last act, a galer wuld always cme n t the stage with a letter which he wuld hand
t the prisner.
Whichletter
Even thugh the nble was expected t read the letter at each perfrmance, he always
insisted that it shuld be written ut in full.
even thugh = even if = thugh/althugh
at each perfrmance = at every perfrmance
insist（vt.坚决要求）, suggest（vt.建议）
rder（vt.命令）, demand（vt.要求）, require（vt.要求）
表示建议／要求／希望的动词加that宾语从句时, that从句必须使用shuld+动词原形的
虚拟语气（shuld可以省略）。
in full = fully = cmpletely
One night, the galer decided t play a jke n his clleague t find ut if, after s many
perfrmances, he had managed t learn the cntents f the letter by heart.
play a jke/cheek n sb 开某人玩笑 （cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
The curtain went up n the final act f the play and revealed the aristcrat sitting alne
behind bars in his dark cell.
n the final act = in the last act
behind bars 铁窗之后
Just then, the galer appeared with the precius letter in his bands.
with独立主格结构
precius表明这信对演员很重要
He entered the cell and presented the letter t the aristcrat.
present sth t = hand t = pass t
But the cpy he gave him had nt been written ut in full as usual.
as usual 如往常一样, 照例
It was simply a blank sheet f paper. The galer lked n eagerly, anxius t see if his fellw
actr had at last learnt his lines.
lk n 旁观, 观看
anxius 形容词短语做伴随状况状语
The nble stared at the blank sheet f paper fr a few secnds.
stare at 凝视, 盯住
Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter t me'.
ing形式做方式状语, 伴随状况状语
And he prmptly handed the sheet f paper t the galer.
prmptly = immediately
Finding that he culd nt remember a wrd f the letter either, the galer replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.'
现在分词做状语
With this, he hurried ff the stage.
hurry ff 匆忙离开
Much t the aristcrat's amusement, the galer returned a few mments later with a pair f
glasses and the usual cpy f the letter which he prceeded t read t the prisner.
much用来加强语气
whichletter
He laughs best wh laughs last. 笑到最后的, 才是笑的最好的。
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
He laughs best, wh laughs last.
Prverb n.格言, 谚语
Suit v.合适, 适合
Gist n.要点, 梗概, 要旨
Silver n.银, 银子
Leap v.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
Glden adj.贵重的, 金色的, 金黄色的
Hatch vt.孵, 孵出 vi.孵化
end with... 以...结束
plight n.情况, 状态, 困境imprisnment n.关押
audience n.听众, 观众bre vt.令人厌烦
imprvise v.临时准备pretend vt.假装, 装扮
4.C 独立主格结构
with a letter t deliver t the prisner. = with a letter fr the prisner.
Deliver vt.递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表
5.Ainsist that + shuldinsist n + 名词/动名词
6.C
7.C give him a cpy （a 表示任意的一份, the表示特指）
8.A neither, nr用于句首, 句子倒装
9.D trick n.恶作剧, 诡计, 骗局,窍门, 诀窍
play a jke n 开玩笑 = play a trick n 捉弄（单方面取乐）
have a jke with sb 和某人开玩笑（强调两人共同取乐）
-- I've just had a jke with my classmate.
10.Dfinally adv.最后lastly adv.顺序上的最后
in the end 强调最终失败的结果（用于句尾或句首）
-- He wrked harder and harder, but in the end he failed.
Cnclusive adj.结论性的, 决定性的, 最后的
11.Bpeer vt.凝视或眯眼看专心地、探求地或较为费劲地看
peer abut 眯着眼睛看
-- When yu enter a cinema, yu ften have t peer abut...
search vt.搜寻, 寻找（-- search fr sth）
blink vt.眨眼睛, 闪亮
stare vt.盯着看（-- stare at）
12.Cinfrm表示正式的通知rejin vt.使再结合, 再加入, 再回答
Lessn 23 One man's meat is anther man's pisn 各有所爱
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
pisn (title) n.毒药 vt.毒害, 败坏, 使中毒
-- He was pisned by pesticide.（n.杀虫剂, 农药, 防疫药）
give pisn t sb/sth 使某人或某物中毒
hate each ther like pisn 彼此互相狠透了
name ne’s pisn
-- Name yur pisn, please. = What’s yur pisn. 你们要喝什么酒。
illgical adj.不合逻辑的, 无章法的
ctpus n.章鱼
delicacy n.美味, 佳肴
-- He cnsidered chicken t be a great delicacy.
delicate adj.美味的, 可口的, 清淡的
delicius adj.美味的
repulsive adj.令人反感的, 令人生厌的
disgusting adj.令人厌恶的
-- The dish is repulsive.
stmach n.胃
turn v.感到恶心, 翻胃
fry v.油炸（= be cked in ht il）
-- fried egg 煎鸡蛋 / fried bread 油炸面包
-- frying pan 煎锅, 长柄平锅
fry up 加热
-- Fry up the fd, please.
fry in ne’s wn fat 自作自受
Have ther fish t fry. 另有要事要做。
-- Hell, Lucy, let’s g have dinner.
-- That’s a gd idea, but I have ther fish t fry. Thank yu very much.
fat n.（动物、植物）油
put n fat 发胖
fat adj.胖的（形容人时不太礼貌）
形容人时一般用：large, heavy, verweight (adj.过重的, 重的)
abuse n.辱骂, 责骂
-- Dn’t abuse yur authrity.
-- He greeted his wife with a stream f abuse.
snail n.蜗牛
luxury n.奢侈品, 珍品
-- The diamnd ring is a luxury t me.
Luxurius adj.奢侈的, 豪华的 （-- a luxurius htel）
assciate v.联想到（-- cnnect in ne’s mind）
assciate A with B
-- I can’t assciate yu with yur wife.
-- Can yu assciate snails with delicius fd.
Assciate…with… = cnnect…with… = link…with… = be bund up with
despise v.鄙视
-- We despise him fr cward.（n.懦弱的人, 胆小的人）
lk dwn upn 蔑视, 瞧不起（口语）
-- Dn’t lk dwn upn anyne.
appeal v.引起兴致
appeal t sb
-- Eating snails never appeals t me.
Appeal v.呼吁, 上诉（appeal fr sth）
shwer n.阵雨, 淋浴
strll n.溜达, 散步（= slw walking fr pleasure in street r in garden）
g fr a strll = g fr a walk, take a strll = take a walk
strll v.闲逛, 漫步
-- He is strlling alng the rad.
Strller n.散步者, 流浪者
Ramble v.海岸、林中的漫步
-- The cuple are rambling in the frest.（The cuple一对夫妇）
Ram v.不安定的漂泊
-- The tramper rams every day.
Wander vi.漫步, 徘徊, 流浪, 彷徨, 无目的地移动
-- He has nthing t d, s he is wandering alng the street.
impulse n.冲动（= a sudden wish t d sth）
n impulse 冲动的
-- He rushed ut t catch up with the lady n impulse.
Be driven by impulse t d sth 情不自禁的做某事
-- I was driven by impulse t d it like this.
Impulsive adj.冲动的
Impulsively adv.冲动的, 有推动力地
dzen n.12个, 一打（= a grup f twelve）
by the dzen 成打的
-- We usually buy eggs by the dzen.
dzens f… 许多的…
-- Dzens f students went t the cinema.
tw dzen eggs, a dzen rses（这里的dzen不加s）
a dzen f the/these rses 这些玫瑰中的一打
speak nineteen t the dzen 一直说个不停
-- The ld lady is speaking nineteen t the dzen.
fancy v.喜爱, 喜欢
-- I dn’t fancy living in the cld rm.
-- Fancy meeting yu here. 没想到在这见到你。
-- fancy neself 自命不凡
in particular 特别地, 详细地
Mediterranean adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的
n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间）, 地中海沿岸的居民
instance n.实例 vt.举...为例
wuld [表示推测]大概, 该是
accepted adj.一般承认的, 公认的
nrthern adj.北方的, 北部的
certain adj.确定的
creature n.生物, 尤指动物
praise n.赞扬, 赞美, 荣耀, 称赞 vt.赞扬, 歌颂, 称赞
varius adj.许多的, 各种各样的, 不同的
twn n.城镇, 市镇, 城市, 商业中心, 都市（比村庄大但通常比城市小）
plant n.植物 vt.种植, 栽培, 培养, 安置 vi.种植
equally adv.同样地, 平等地, 相等地
cuple ［口］（少数）几个, 两三个n.夫妻, 配偶, 两个, 一对
fllw vt.跟随, 追随, 理解, 遵循 vi.跟随
escape vi.vt（常与frm连用）逃走
Text 课文
What was it abut snails that made the writer cllect them fr his friend n that day in particular?
Peple becme quite illgical when they try t decide what can be eaten and what cannt
be eaten.
cme t 涉及, 谈及（常和when连用）
When it cme t sth
When it cme t ding sth
-- When it cmes t plitics I knw nthing. 谈到政治, 我一无所知。
-- He never cmplains when it cmes t helping his wife with the huse wrk.
当谈及到帮妻子做家务活这件事的时候, 他从来不抱怨。
If yu lived in the Mediterranean, fr instance, yu wuld cnsider ctpus a great delicacy.
fr instance = fr example adv.例如
cnsider sth (t be) sth
Yu wuld nt be able t understand why sme peple find it repulsive.
On the ther hand, yur stmach wuld turn at the idea f frying ptates in animal Fat--
--the nrmally accepted practice in many nrthern cuntries.
On the ther hand 在另一方面（转折连词）
一些at介词短语表示：当…就… 一…就…
at the idea f = at the thught f 一想到就…
at the sight f一看到就…, at the mentin f一提到就…, at the news f一听到什么的消息就
at the tuch f一碰到就…, at the sund f一听到什么的声音就…
-- I was glad at thught f getting smething t eat.
-- I always lve at the mentin f ghst stry.
Practice n.组织或个人的惯例性的做法、办事方式
-- It is nw quite cmmn practice fr married wmen nt t take their husband’s secnd name.
已婚女子不用跟丈夫姓在现在是常见的做法了。
-- the practice f clsing shps n Sunday
-- My practice t studying English is t read every day.
Habit n.个人的习惯、习性
-- Early t bed and early t rise is a gd habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。
Custm n.社会的习惯、风俗
-- the custm f giving present at Christmas
-- Scial custm vary greatly frm cuntry t cuntry. 不同的国家有不同的社会习俗。
The sad truth is that mst f us have been brught up t eat certain fds and we stick t them all ur lives.
That引导表语从句, 说明truth的内容。
bring up v.抚养, 教育, 培养（常用被动语态, 表示自小到大）
-- Je is brn in England, but brught up in France.
-- She was brught up t believe that mney is the mst/great imprtant thing in life.
-- I’ve been brught up t eat fish, just because my mther is fnd f fish as well.
-- He has been brught up t eat frying ptates just because his parents are fnd f that.
-- He gave much attentin t bring up his children.
Stick t = keep t = nt give up
stick t the decisin / stick t the idea / stick t the plan
-- We decided t stick t ur previus plan.
-- I made my decisin and I am ging t stick t it.
Insist n ding sth. = Persist in ding sth. 坚持做某事
N creature has received mre praise and abuse than the cmmn garden snail.
= The cmmn garden snail ften receives mre praise and abuse than ther creature.
比较级表达最高级：
-- Nbdy is mre beautiful than yu.
-- He is mre intelligent than anyne else in my class.
Cked in wine, snails are a great luxury in varius parts f the wrld.
cked过去分词做定语, 与snail构成被动关系。
There are cuntless peple wh, ever since their early years, have learned t assciate snails with fd.
Cuntless（adj.无数的, 数不尽的）= numerus（adj.众多的, 许多的, 无数的）
Assciate sth with sth 把某物和某物联系在一起
My friend, Rbert, lives in a cuntry where snails are despised.
Peple there dn’t cnsider snails t be a great delicacy
As his flat is in a large twn, he has n garden f his wn.
Has n garden f his wn 没有自己的庭院
Fr years he has been asking me t cllect snails frm my garden and take them t him.
The idea never appealed t me very much, but ne day, after a heavy shwer, I happened t
be walking in my garden when I nticed a huge number f snails taking a strll n sme f
my prize plants.
The idea never appealed t me very much. = The idea never interested me very much.
happen t d 偶然, 碰巧
-- I happened t ut when he called.
-- We bth happened t be traveling n the same plane.
happen / chance
-- It happened that I was ut when he called. = It happened that I was ut when he called.
When表示正在这时突然（常与过去进行时、过去完成时连用, 位于句中）
-- He was having a bath when the telephne suddenly rang.
-- We were abut t start when it rained.
taking a strll现在分词做定语修饰snail
snails taking a strll = snails that were taking a strll
Acting n a sudden impulse, I cllected several dzen, put them in a paper bag, and tk
them t Rbert.
n a sudden impulse 一时的冲动
-- Acting n a sudden impulse, she went shpping t buy several dresses.
Rbert was delighted t see me and equally pleased with my little gift.
= Rbert was nt nly delighted t see me but als pleased with my little gift.
Be delighted t d
Be pleased with sth
I left the bag in the hall and Rbert and I went int the living rm where we talked fr a
cuple f hurs.
I had frgtten all abut the snails when Rbert suddenly said that I must stay t dinner.
Snails wuld, f curse, be the main dish.
I did nt fancy the idea and I reluctantly fllwed Rbert ut f the rm.
Fancy（vt.爱好）= like
Reluctant（adj.不愿意的, 勉强的）= unwillingly（adv.不愿意地, 不情愿地）
T ur dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped frm the paper
bag and had taken cmplete pssessin f the hall!
Dismay n.灰心, 沮丧; 惊愕
t ur dismay 使我们惊愕的是
take pssessin f v.占有, 占领
-- The slider take pssessin f enemies’ frt.（frt n.堡垒, 要塞）
-- terrrist（n.恐怖分子） embassy（n.大使馆人员, 大使馆）
-- The terrrists tk pssessin f the embassy.
I have never been able t lk at a snail since then.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1> D
2> A
3> D prpse vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议 vi.打算
4> A
5> B kinds和介词f连用 / fds各种各样的食物
-- certain kinds f fd = certain fds
6> C and和r的用法：
在肯定句中表示并列的关系用and。
在否定句中, 两个对等的谓语、宾语、状语或从句的连接用r, 把两个成分都否定掉。
-- He desn’t smke r drink.
-- She culdn’t remember wh she was r where she left. 她不知她自己是谁以及从哪来的。
在否定句中出现了and, 表示语义的转折, 相当于but。
-- The rm is nt big and cmfrtable. 这房子不大但很舒服。
-- The rm is nt big r cmfrtable. 这房子不大也不舒服。
7>A having left…的逻辑主语是主句的主句
accmpany vt.陪伴
-- She accmpanied me t the dctr's. 她陪我去看了医生。
8> C saw后面省略了that
9> D
be sick 表示一种状态, feel sick表示突然的一种感觉。
feel sick = sicken（vt.使患病, 使恶心或昏晕 vi.得病, 变厌腻）
-- He began t feel sick as sn as the ship started t mve.
10> D
meal n.一餐, 一顿饭
dish（n.一道菜, 盘, 餐盘, 碟）= curse（n.一道菜）
11> B
a cuple f hurs = tw hurs r s 一两个小时的时间
rund the clck 昼夜不停, 连续一整天, 毫不疲倦地, 不松劲地
12> B
numerus（adj.众多的, 许多的, 无数的）= cuntless（adj.无数的, 数不尽的）
-- There are numerus peple waiting fr yu.
numerable adj.可数的, 可计算的（= able t be cunted）
numerical adj.数字的, 用数表示的（多用作前置形容词）
-- in numerical rder 按照数字顺序 / numerical ability 使用数字的能力
numbered adj.有限的, 时日无多的 adj.已编号的（numbered card已编号的卡）
Lessn 24 A skeletn in the cupbard“家丑”
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Skeletn n.骷髅 （n.(动物之)骨架, 骨骼, 基干, 纲要, 万能钥匙）
Clset n.壁橱, 衣橱, 碗橱
a skeletn in the cupbard = a skeletn in the clset = a family skeletn 家丑
-- It is time t bring the family skeletn ut f the cupbard. 该是公开家丑的时候。
skeletn key 万能钥匙
reduced t a skeletn 瘦得皮包骨
-- He has had nthing t eat fr a cuple f days s he has been reduced t a skeletn.
Seemingly adv.表面上地
Respectable adj.体面的, 雅观的
-- The tie is fr respectable peple nly. 这条领带只适合体面的人戴。
Decent adj.正派的, 端庄的, 有分寸的, (服装)得体的, 大方的
Graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
Deserving respect 可敬的
-- deserve（vt.应受, 值得） respect（n.尊敬, 敬重）
Respectable adj.可敬的, 有名望的, 高尚的, 值得尊敬的
Respectful adj.尊重人的, 有礼貌的
-- A respectable persn is respectful t thers. 受人尊敬的人也会尊敬别人的。
Respective adj.分别的, 各自的
-- All the students returned t their respective classrms.
Cnceal v.隐藏, 隐瞒 （比hide更加正式, 语气更强）
Cnceal sth. frm sb.
-- He cncealed his disappintment frm his friends.（disappintment n.失望）
-- He cncealed his debts frm his wife.
Hide vt.vi.（hid, hidden, hiding）隐藏, 把…藏起来
-- When her mther came in the little girl hid behind the curtain.（很口语话）
Vivid adj.生动的（活泼的）
adj.鲜明的, 鲜艳的（光线、色彩等）
-- a vivid clr 鲜艳的颜色 / vivid blue 碧蓝色
adj.传神的, 栩栩如生的
She gave the plice a vivid descriptin f the accident. 她对警察生动地描述了这次事故。
比较级mre vivid / 最高级the mst vivid
Dramatic adj.令人激动的, 扣人心弦的（戏剧性的, 生动的）
Vivid adj.清晰的
-- The dramatic scene is still vivid in his mind. 那扣人心弦的一幕在他脑海中仍很清晰。
Exciting adj.令人兴奋的, 使人激动的（没有dramatic那么强烈）
Striking adj.引人注意的, 显著的, 惊人的
ruin v.毁坏
herine n.女主人公
fictin n.小说（虚构, 编造）---- 集合名词, 小说的总称, 不可数
nvel n.小说, 长篇故事（某一部具体的小说）
-- I prefer reading fictin t hearing abut real events. 我喜欢阅读小说而不喜欢听真实的事件。
varying adj.不同的
vary vi.vt.改变, 变化
-- The weather varies frm day t day. 天气一天天变化。
Varying = Varius（adj.不同的, 各种各样的）= different kinds f
Different adj.不同的（与…不一样）
-- My idea in different frm yurs.
medicine n.医学
Guestrm n.（家庭中的）来客住房
Unpack vt.（从箱中）取出
Stack v.（整齐地）堆放, 排放
-- Stack up the bks.
-- The husewife is stacking up the clthing.
Stack n.摞, 叠, 大堆, 堆栈
-- a stack f papers 一摞报纸 / a stack f bks 一大堆书
Underclthes n.内衣
Underclthing n.内衣, 贴身衣裤
Underwear n.内衣裤
Drawer n.抽屉
petrify v.使惊呆
shck vt.使…震惊 n.打击, 震动
dumbfund vt.使惊愕；使惊呆；使目瞪口呆
Petrified adj.感到震惊的 / Petrifying adj.令人震惊的零
-- At the new I was petrified.
dangle v.悬挂
sway v.摇摆
unsympathetic adj.不表同情的, 无动于衷的
be unsympathetic t sb. 对某人不表示同情
-- I tld him abut my experience but he was unsympathetic t me.
Sympathetic adj.同情的,表示同情的, 感到同情的
-- The manager was sympathetic (t me), but he culd d nthing (t help me).
这位经理表示同情,但他无能为力。
Unsympathetically adv.无同情心的, 冷淡的
Sympathetically adv.同情地, 怜悯地
Sympathy n.同情, 同情心
In sympathy = sympathetically
medical adj.医学的
stranger n.陌生人 secret n.秘密
clse adj.近的, 紧密的, 亲密的 adv.接近, 紧密地（s读z）
clsest adj.最靠近的
yuth n.青春, 青年时期, 初期 n.少年, 青年们
detective n.侦探 adj.侦探的 shirt n.衬衫, 衬衣
slightly adv.轻微地, 有一点, 略, 苗条地
dash vt., vi.突进, 飞跑
nce upn a time adv.从前
Text 课文
Wh was Sebastian?
We ften read in nvels hw a seemingly respectable persn r family has sme terrible
secret which has been cncealed frm strangers fr years.
Hw引导宾语从句
has sme terrible secret = has a skeletn in the cupbard = has a skeletn in the clset 家丑
which引导的定语从句修饰secret
seemingly adv.表面上地（= frm appearance）
-- a seemingly respectable persn 表面上受人尊敬的人
The English language pssesses a vivid saying t describe this srt f situatin.
Pssess = wn = have gt
t describe this srt f situatin 来描述这种场景（做定语用来修饰saying）
-- The English language pssesses a vivid wrd t describe her beauty.
The terrible secret is called‘a skeletn in the cupbard’.
At sme dramatic mment in the stry, the terrible secret becmes knwn and a reputatin
is ruined.
Sme 某一个（修饰单数可数名词）= a certain
Ruin vt.毁坏, 毁灭（泛指概念, 表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的）
= spil vt.搞糟, 宠坏 v.扰乱
-- The rain ruined my hliday. = The rain spiled my hliday.
Destry vt.破坏, 毁坏 v.消灭, 摧毁（完全摧毁, 不可修复）
-- T tell the patient the truth is t risk destrying his hpe.
-- The earthquake destryed almst the entire city.
Damage vt.损害, 损坏, 使受损失（可以被修复）
-- The car is damaged and it is be repairing nw.
The reader's hair stands n end when he reads in the final pages f the nvel that the herine, a dear ld lady wh had always been s kind t everybdy, had, in her yuth, pisned every
ne f her five husbands.
ne’s hair stands n end 某人感到毛骨悚然 = sb feel hrrified （adj.带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的）
-- My hair stands n end. 我感到毛骨悚然
set/make ne’s hair stands n end 使某人感到毛骨悚然
-- hrrid adj.恐怖的, 令人讨厌的, 可怕的
-- The hrrid film really make my hair stands n end.
in her yuth 在她年轻的时候
everyne （单独用every和ne连在一起）
every ne f （与f搭配every和ne要分开）
It is all very well fr such things t ccur in fictin.
It is all very well…but… 好到是好, 但是…
-- It is all very well fr yu t suggest taking a few days’ rest, but hw can finish ur wrk in time?
-- It is all very well fr them t ask me t d it, but I am t busy.
Occur vi.发生, 出现（某个事件出乎意料的、偶然的发生）-- 比happen更正式
-- When did the accident ccur?
It ccurred t me t d… / It ccurred t me that…
-- It ccurred t me t pen the windw.
Happen vi.发生, 碰巧, 偶然（某个事件出乎意料的、偶然的发生）
-- When did the accident happen?
Take place v.发生, 举行（事件根据安排而发生、举行）
-- When will the wedding take place?
T varying degrees, we all have secrets which we d nt want even ur clsest friends t
learn, but few f us have skeletns in the cupbard.
T varying degrees 从不同的角度来讲…
Which引导定语从句, 修饰secret。
Learn 得知、了解某个事实 / 学习某种知识、技能
-- She is learning cmputers. 她正在学习电脑。（动态动词）
Knw 知道某个事实 / 具有某种知识、技能 / 了解某个人（状态动词, 不能用进行时）
-- She knws abut cmputers. 她懂电脑。
The nly persn I knw wh has a skeletn in the cupbard is Gerge Carltn, and he is
very prud f the fact. Gerge studied medicine in his yuth.
Instead f becming a dctr, hwever, he became a successful writer f detective stries.
Instead f ding… 表示相反、没有、取而代之的是…
-- Instead f sleeping at hme, he went shpping.
I nce spent an uncmfrtable weekend which I shall never frget at his huse.
Which指代uncmfrtable weekend
Shall的用法：
1> (过去时shuld)(shall 可缩写为 'll , shall nt 常缩写为 shan't [FB:nt], 美国人常用will代替)
2> [用于主语为第一人称单复数, 表示单纯将来] 将要, 会
-- I shall be frty n my next birthday. 到下次生日, 我就满四十岁。
-- We shall be n hliday at this time next week. 我们将于下星期这个时候度假。
-- I shall ring yu up as sn as I arrive. 我一到就给你打电话。
3> [用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等, 主语的行动受讲话者支配] 必须, 应, 可
-- He shall g. 他可以去。
-- Yu shall have an answer by tmrrw. 到明天你可以得到答复。
-- He shall have a bicycle fr his birthday. 他可以得到一架自行车作为生日礼物。
-- She shall nt enter my huse again. 她不得再进我家。
4> [在问句中, 征 询对方对于主语行动的意见(提供帮助, 提出建议、要求给予指示和征求意见), 主要用于第一、三人称]... 好吗? 要不要
-- Shall I carry yur bag ? 我帮你拿手提包, 好吗?
-- Shall he cme t see yu ? 要不要他来看你?
5> [用于第三人称, 在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定]应, 必须
-- N reader shall remve a bk frm the library withut cnsent f the librarian.
非经管理员同意, 读者不准把书带出图书馆。
-- The Natinal Party Cngress shall be cnvened every five years .
党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。
6> [在表示意图、要求等的从句中] 应该, 要
-- I wish that yu shall stay at hme tnight. 我希望今晚你留在家里。
-- Yu say yu will nt d it, but I say yu shall d it.
你说你不做这事, 但是我说, 你非做不可。
7> [用于将来时态的间接引语, 与直接引语中的shall相应]将
-- He says that he shall [will] be glad t see yu. (=He says, “I shall be glad t see yu.”)
他说他将乐意来看你。
Gerge shwed me t the guestrm which, he said, was rarely used.
Shw/lead sb t… 带领某人进入…
Which指代guestrm
was rarely used = was little used
rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地
little adv.很少 n.少许 adj.很少的
He tld me t unpack my things and then cme dwn t dinner.
After I had stacked my shirts and underclthes in tw empty drawers, I decided t hang ne
f the tw suits I had brught with me in the cupbard.
I pened the cupbard dr and then std in frnt f it petrified.
stand in frnt f sth petrified 站在…前, 目瞪口呆
-- We std petrified as we felt the earthquake began.
Frighten vt.使惊吓（在某个特定的场合受到惊吓）
-- I was frighten by a large dg.
Terrified adj.恐惧的, 受惊吓的（表示惊吓的程度非常强烈）
-- I was terrified when the tiger went twards me.
Afraid adj.害怕, 担心（表示一种状态, 永久性的恐惧）
-- The girl is afraid f muse.
A skeletn was dangling befre my eyes.
The sudden mvement f the dr made it sway slightly and it gave me the impressin that it
was abut t leap ut at me.
gave me the impressin that… 给某人以…的印象
that引导同位语从句, 进一步说明impressin的内涵。
-- He gave me the impressin that he will help me every day.
Be abut t d sth 表示即将、就要（暗示动作即将发生）
-- I was abut t g t bed when there was a knck at the dr.
-- We were just abut t leave when yu telephned.（多与when连用）
leap ut at sb 跳出来扑向某人
Drpping my suit, I dashed dwnstairs t tell Gerge.
This was wrse than‘a terrible secret’; this was a real skeletn!
But Gerge was unsympathetic.
‘Oh, that, ’he said with a smile as if he were talking abut an ld friend.
As if引导虚拟语气
‘That's Sebastian. Yu frget that I was a medical student nce upn a time.’
Sebastian n.塞巴斯蒂安（古罗马的殉道者, 一般被刻画为裸体青年）
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>A in what respect 在什么方面 （rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地）
fact指代柜子中真正有骷髅这件事
cncerning prep.关于，有关
-- I spke t him cncerning his behavir. 我和他谈了他的行为。
2>C Underwear n.内衣裤
3>A
4>A having为现在分词做定语
C选项中的whm应该为wh
5>C 运用动词不定式修饰名词。（起定语从句的作用）
这样的名词前都有序数词：the first persn, the nly persn, the last persn
6>B smething 有价值的事, 有意义的事（代词：有价值或重要的人或物）
what = all 全部（范围太广）
7>A n sner…than…
8>B
9>D we vt.欠(债等) vi.欠钱
has = wn（vt.拥有adj.自己的）
10>A
little 否定语义的副词
uncmmnly adv.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕见地
preciusly adv.宝贵的, 贵重的
11>D
item n.项目, 条款, 物品
bject n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象
trunk n.树干, 躯干, 箱子, 象鼻
belngings n.财产, 所有物 = pssessin n.（私人）财产（常用复数）
12>A
be abut t d… = be n the pint f… 即将、即可做某事
be cncerned with 对…关心, 与...有关, 牵涉到, 参与
think f v.考虑, 关心, 想起
Lessn 25 The Cutty Sark 卡蒂萨克”号帆船
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
scene n.现场, 场面, 情景
-- This is the impressive scene. 这是给人深刻印象的一幕
impressin n.印象
-- make a lasting impressin t sb. 给人以不可磨灭的印象
-- have a false impressin f sb. 对某人有错误的看法
-- gave sb. impressin that… 给某人…的印象
impress vt.留下印象
-- What impressed me mst is yur diligence.（n.勤奋）
impress sb with… 用…给某人留下深刻的印象
-- yu impressed me with yur beautiful clthes.
Steamship n.蒸汽轮船
Vessel n.轮船, 大木船（非常正式的表达方式, 用于文学体中, 可以代替ship、bat）
-- a fishing vessel / a sailing vessel帆船
Ship n.大船；舰艇
Bat n.小船, 艇（比ship小, 在非正式的场合可以替换）
-- a fishing bat
Era n.时期, 时代（= a perid time in histry）
-- the beginning f the new era / the end f ld era
Era n.时代, 纪元（人类历史上很长的时期, 以特别的事件为标志）
-- The Christian era starts with the birth f Christ. 公元(基督教时代)是从耶稣诞生起算。
-- Christian n.基督徒, 信徒 adj.基督教的, 信基督教的
-- We are nw in a great new era f infrmatin. 我们现在正处于一个新的伟大的信息时代。
Time n.时代, 时期（比era的时间短）
-- Rman time 罗马时代 / ancient time 古代
Age n.时代（特定的历史阶段, 和其它词构成专有名词）
-- stne age 石器时代 / mdern age 当今时代 / middle ages 中世纪
Java n.爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）
Rudder n.舵
Rll v.颠簸, 摇摆
Steer v.掌握方向（驾驶交通工具）
-- He steer the bat suddenly. 他突然改变了这艘船的方向。
Drive vt.驾驶马车、汽车、火车
Pilt vt.驾驶飞机、轮船
Temprary adj.临时的（= lasting fr a shrt/limited time）
-- temprary jbs / temprary huses
temprarily adv.暂时的, 临时的
temprariness n.暂时
transient adj.短暂的, 瞬时的
-- transient happiness
permanent adj.永久的, 持久的
-- I have a permanent jb here. 我在这里有一个永久的工作。
Cntemprary adj. 当代的, 同时代的, 同年龄的
-- He is a cntemprary writer.
Plank n.大块木板
Fit v.安装
Equatr n.赤道
Delay n.耽误
winning
Australia n.澳洲, 澳大利亚
Exactly adv.正好, 恰好, 十分, 确切地, 精确地
Traditin n.传统, 惯例
Indian adj.印度的, 印度人的, 印第安人的 n.印度人, 印第安人, 印第安语
tear vt.vi.（tre, trn, tearing）
strm n.暴风雨, 暴风雪
danger n.危险 prt n.港, 港口
win vt.vi.（wn, wn, winning）
Text 课文
What piece f bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark frm winning the race?
One f the mst famus sailing ships f the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be
seen at Greenwich.
One f the mst famus… 最著名的…之一
She stands n dry land and is visited by thusands f peple each year.
Dry land 陆地
Each year = every year = per year
-- The aerplane stands n dry land and is visited by thusands f peple each year.
She serves as an impressive reminder f the great ships f the past.
Serve as = act as 担任, 充当, 起...作用
impressive reminder f… 给人留下深刻的印象, 并使人回忆起…
Befre they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used t
carry tea frm China and wl frm Australia.
Replace (vt.) = take place f
Steamship n.汽船, 轮船
sailship = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船
The Cutty Sark was ne f the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built.
The nly ther ship t match her was the Thermpylae.
Match = be equal t 与…相匹敌, 相比
Match in/fr
-- N frm f transprt can match aerplane fr speed and cmfrtable.
-- Transprt n.交通工具, 运输系统, 运输, 运送
-- The htel can't be matched fr service and fd. 这家旅馆服务和食物是无与伦比的。
-- N clthing can match yur dress fr beauty. 没有哪件衣服能和你的这条裙子相比。
T match her做定语修饰ship
Bth these ships set ut frm Shanghai n June 18th, 1872 n an exciting race t England.
-- The tw planes set ut frm New Yrk n an unfrgettable race.
Frgettable adj.容易被忘的, 可忘记的
Unfrgettable adj.忘不了的, 令人难忘的
This race, which went n fr exactly fur mnths, was the last f its kind.
Which指代this race, 引导非限定性定语从句。
-- The peratin, which lasted tw weeks, prved t be very difficult.
It marked the end f the great traditin f ships with sails and the beginning f a new
era.
Ships with sails = sailing ship = sailing vessel n.帆船
Mark the end f… 标志着…的结束
The first f the tw ships t reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermpylae, but
n the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark tk the lead.
= After the race had begun, the first f the tw ships t reach Java was the Thermpylae,…
take the lead 处于领先地位 / lse the lead 失去领先地位
in the lead 处于领先地位（表示状态）
take ver the lead 取得领先地位
It seemed certain that she wuld be the first ship hme, but during the race she had a lt f bad luck.
It seem certain that…
She had a lt f bad luck = she was unlucky
In August, she was struck by a very heavy strm during which her rudder was trn away.
Be struck by a very heavy rain/strm 严重的遇到了雨/雪
Be caught in the rain/snw 遇到了雨/雪
During(介词)用于关系代词which之前
Tear away = destryed = pull dwn (摧毁, 推翻)
The Cutty Sark rlled frm side t side and it became impssible t steer her.
It became impssible (fr captain) t steer her
A temprary rudder was made n bard frm spare planks and it was fitted with great
difficulty.
It = the temprary rudder
Fit = equip（vt.装备）
This greatly reduced the speed f the ship, fr there was a danger that if she travelled t
quickly, this rudder wuld be trn away as well.
There was a danger that + 同位语从句
Because f this, the Cutty Sark lst her lead.
Lst her lead 失去领先地位
After crssing the Equatr, the captain called in at a prt t have a new rudder fitted, but by
nw the Thermpylae was ver five hundred miles ahead.
Call in at = (船)停靠, (人)拜访
-- He calls in at his friend’s hme every week.
T… = in rder t… = s as t… 目的是…
Have sth dne
Be nw到如今 = s far到目前为止
Thugh the new rudder was fitted at tremendus speed, it was impssible fr the Cutty Sark
t win.
At tremendus speed = at fantastic speed = at enrmus speed
She arrived in England a week after the Thermpylae.
Even this was remarkable, cnsidering that she had had s many delays.
Remarkable adj.不平常的, 非凡的, 值得注意的, 显著的
Unusual adj.不平常的, 与众不同的, 不寻常的
Uncmmn adj.不平常的, 不平凡的, 罕有的, 难得的
Extrardinary adj.非常的, 特别的, 非凡的
Cnsidering（连接词）用来引导完整的语句
-- We shuld frgive him cnsidering that he was ill badly
-- frgive vt.原谅, 饶恕
-- Cnsidering his age, the little by reads very well. 就他的年龄来说, 这小孩读得算挺好的。
There is n dubt that if she had nt lst her rudder she wuld have wn the race easily.
There is n dubt that… = withut any dubt
-- There is nw dubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问他是有罪的。
There is sme dubt wh-…
-- There is sme dubt whether he is guilty. 难以肯定他是否有罪。
与过去事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If the huses f parliament had nt been burned dwn, the Big Ben wuld never have been erected.（vt.使竖立, 使直立, 树立, 建立）
与现在事实的相反的虚拟语气
-- If yu talked less and ate mre we wuld bth enjy ur dinner.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>C fame n.名声, 名望
rest upn = rest n 倚靠, 依据, 根据, 把…靠在,
likeness n.相象, 相似物
a line f stnes 一排石头 / a line f argument 一连串的辩论
victry n.胜利, 战胜,
2>A
landmark n.里程碑, 划时代的事, (航海)陆标, 地界标
celebrate v.庆祝, 祝贺, 表扬, 赞美
en rute adv.在途中
3>D
feat n.功绩 n.技艺, 武艺, 壮举, 技艺表演
gap n.差距 n.缺口, 裂口, 间隙, 缝隙, , 隔阂
make up v.弥补
4>C b中still的应该放在形容词able之前
5>B
The 和A的用法：
The与单数名词连用, 表示一类东西：
-- The lin is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。
-- The cw is a useful animal. 奶牛是有用的动物。
A
1>（一类事物中的）任何一个
-- Let's g t a Chinese restaurant. 我们去一家中餐餐馆。
-- We saw a gd film n TV last night. 昨天晚上我们在电视中看到了一个好片子。
2> 任何
-- A square has fur sides. 正方形有四条边。
-- A dg is an animal. 狗是动物。
6>D wuld和be ging t不能重复使用
7>A
8>D nt的位置不变
9>B
attract vt.吸引
-- The beautiful scenery attracts me.
appeal t 引起兴趣
-- The tpic f the cnversatin never appeals t me.
10>A
set ut 出发
set ut n 出发去做某事
set ut n the trip/jurney/excursin 出发去旅行
depart vi.离开, 起程
depart fr 起程去某地
11>A
take the lead = g int the lead
12>
cnsidering prep.鉴于, 考虑到, 顾及
in respect f 关于, 就…来说 = with regard t 关于
accrding t prep.依据, 按照
in view f 鉴于, 考虑到（= cnsidering）
accunt应该和其它介词搭配
Lessn 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin 购大饼干筒
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Influence v.影响 （= have effect n）
-- Literature and art have great influence n peple’s idelgy.
文学和艺术对人们的思想形态有很大的影响力。
-- idelgy n.思想体系, 意识形态, 思想方式
-- Dn’t influenced by bad examples. 不要受这些坏事的影响。
Under the influence f… 受…的影响
-- We are under the influence f advertisement.
Have influence ver sb. 有左右某人的能力
-- A teacher has influence ver his students.
Exercise influence n sb’s behalf
exercise vt.发挥, 实[履]行, 运用, 行使
n sb.'s behalf 为了某人的利益, 代表某人
behalf n.利益
-- What thers think exercises great influence n mst f us.
别人的想法对我们多数人产生很大的影响。
-- The bss exercises influence n emplyee’s behalf.
Influence / affect的区别：
influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”
affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思。
The bad examples will affect a lt number f students.
Influential adj.有影响的, 有势力的
Pride v.骄傲 （prud adj.自豪的, 得意的, 骄傲的）
pride neself n(upn)… 为…而感到骄傲
-- He prided himself n his driving skill.
take pride in… 以...为傲
be prud f… 以...为荣, 以...自豪
pride n.自豪, 自尊(心), 骄傲, 傲慢
in the pride f 处于最佳状态, 处于全盛时期
-- She is still yung and in the pride f her beauty.
put ne's pride in ne's pcket 忍辱含垢, 抑制自尊心
Taste n.鉴赏力
-- She has excellent taste in dress.
a taste f 尝一口, 尝一点
-- Oh, let me have a taste f yur cffee.
in gd taste 得体, 大方
-- The beautiful girl is in gd taste.
In bad taste 粗俗, 不礼貌
taste f 有什么的味道
-- The dish taste f fish. 这道菜有鱼腥味。
t ne’s taste 合某人的口味, 称某人的心愿
-- He did what he wanted t d t his taste.
There is accunting fr taste. 【谚】人各有所好。
He wh has never tasted bitter knws nt what is sweet. 不知黄连苦, 哪知蜂蜜甜。
-- Bitter adj.有苦味的, 苦的, 痛苦的
testable adj.(= tasteable)可尝的, 滋味好的
tasteful adj.有鉴赏力的
tasteless adj.没味道的, 无鉴赏力的
taste blindness n.味盲
taste marker 时尚的首创者
Exert v.施加
Exert sth n sb
-- His wife exerted a lt pressure n him t change his jb.
-- He likes t exert his authrity n us.
Exert neself t d sth. 努力, 尽力, 出力
-- He never exert himself t study hard.
exert every effect 尽一切努力
exertin n.尽力, 努力, 发挥 n.行使, 运用
Subtle adj.微妙的, 难以捉摸的（敏感的, 敏锐的）
-- He is a subtle bserver. 他是一个敏锐的观察家。
Subtly adv.敏锐[感]的, 有辨别力的, 微妙的
Subtlety = Subtleness n.微妙, 明敏, 聪明
Advertiser n.做广告的人
Advertise v.做广告, 登广告
Advertisement n.广告
Advertising n.广告业, 广告 adj.广告的
Classify v.分类
-- The bks are classified accrding t the subject. 这些书已经按学科分类了。
-- subject n.题目, 主题, 科目, 学科
classificatin n.分类, 分级, 分类法
classified adj.分类的 adj.机密的
classifiable adj.可分类的
classifier n.分类者,分类器
Magic adj.有奇妙作用的
Sample n.样品
Devise v.设计, 想出
Capture v.吸引, 赢得
-- His wnderful perfrmance captured my attentin.
Capture vt.俘获, 捕获, 夺取
-- The plice capture the tw thieves.
Manufacturer n.生产厂家, 制造商
Wheelbarrw n.独轮手推车
Bt n.（汽车尾部的）行李箱
Ingredient n.配料
Crane n.起重机
Anticipate v.预期, 预料
Anticipate vt.占先, 抢先, 预料到, 预先做准备
-- Our attack failed because the enemy anticipated.
我们的进攻失败了, 因为敌人预先做了准备。
-- We anticipated the enemy wuld try t crss the river, s we decided t destry the bridge.
我们预料到敌人会通过这条河, 所以我们决定把桥摧毁。
Anticipate（vt.期待, 预期）= expect（vt.期待, 预期）
-- We are expecting/anticipating a crwed f peple at tnight’s meeting.
Anticipate强调以高兴或恐惧期待所想之事。
-- He is a man wh is always anticipating truble. 他是一个总是把结果想得很坏的人。
-- The students are anticipating a wnderful vacatin.（n.假期, 休假）
wanted vt.征求, 招聘（报刊广告等用语）
biscuit n.饼干, 小点心 tin n.罐, 听
avid vt.避免, 消除
Advertisement n.广告（有两种读音）
Advertise, Advertising, Advertiser（都只有一种读音）
Ourselves
Effrt n.努力 Prduct n.产品, 制品
Clse adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的
Weakness n.弱点, 缺点, 虚弱, 软弱
Enable vt.使能够（有两种读音）
Manufacture vt.制造, 加工
Manufacturer n.制造业者, 制造商
Manufactry n.制造厂, 工厂
Manufacturable adj.可制造的
Manufactured adj.人造的
Bake v.烘焙, 烤
bring in v.生产, 挣得, 介绍引进
barrw n.手推车
weigh vi.重(若干)
cme alng 一起来, 一道走
bt n.[美]长统靴, [英](汽车的)行李箱
send vt.(sent, sent, sending)送, 寄, 发送
were
weigh vt.称...重量, 称
clse （s发z）
lrry n.卡车, 载重汽车（美作：truck）
varius adj.不同的, 各种各样的
Text 课文
Wh wn the prize fr the biggest biscuit?
N ne can avid being influenced by advertisements.
= Advertisements always exerts influence n everybdy.
N, avid双重否定
-- N students can avid being influenced by their teachers.
Much as we may pride urselves n ur gd taste, we are n lnger free t chse the things
we want, fr advertising exerts a subtle influence n us.
Much as we may pride urselves n ur gd taste,…
= Althugh we may pride urselves n ur gd taste very much,…
引导让步状语从句的词有：thugh, althugh, as
用as引导让步状语从句时, 句子要采用倒装形式：（adj./adv./n./v.要用在as之前）
1> adj.+ as +主语+谓语
-- Rich as he is, he is nt happy. 他虽然有钱, 但是他不幸福。
-- Tired as I was, I tried t help them.
2> adv.+ as +从句
-- Much as I like yu, I will nt marry yu.
-- Much as I hate d it, I must stay hme and study English.
3> v.+ as +主语+阻动词
-- Try as they may, they will never success.
-- Object as my parents may, I decide t d it.
采用不同的句子结构、不同的词汇表达同一个语义：
N ne can avid being influenced by advertisements.
= Advertising exerts a subtle influence n us.
In their effrts t persuade us t buy this r that prduct, advertisers have made a clse
study f human nature and have classified all ur little weaknesses.
Effrt n.努力, 成就（需要耗费精神或体力的事情, 不可数名词）
-- It tk a lt f effrt t lift the bx.
-- A great deal f effrt has gne int this exhibitin.
Effrt n.努力（可数名词）
Make every effrt
-- We are making every effrt t study English.
In ne’s effrt t d 为了干好某事
-- The cmpany is selling ff sme f its buildings in their effrts t save mney.
-- sell ff 廉价卖清
-- In their effrt t study English well, they spend a lt f time every day.
本句= Advertisers make every effrt in rder t sell their prducts.
Clse adj.谨慎的, 彻底的, 严格的
Make a clse(careful) study f… 对…做了仔细的研究
Advertisers discvered years ag that all f us lve t get smething fr nthing.
Discver = find ut
Get smething fr nthing = get smething free
-- Free adj.adv.免费的
An advertisement which begins with the magic wrd FREE can rarely g wrng.
Wrng adv.错误, 不对
-- Yu've spelt the wrd wrng. 你把这个单词拼错了。
-- get it wrng 弄错（意思）, 误会
-- g wrng弄错, 变坏了
-- The Big Ben rarely ges wrng.
These days, advertisers nt nly ffer free samples, but free cars, free huses, and free trips
rund the wrld as well.
these days n.现在, 目前
Nt nly…but…as well
They devise hundreds f cmpetitins which will enable us t win huge sums f mney.
Devise vt.设计
-- They have devised the best way t have the party.
Enable sb t d sth 使某人能够做某事
-- Hard wrk will enable us t pass the examinatin, therwise, n way.
Radi and televisin have made it pssible fr advertisers t capture the attentin f millins
f peple in this way.
Make it pssible fr sb t d sth
-- His few material pssessins make it pssible fr him t mve frm place t place with ease.
-- ease n.容易, 不费力 n.舒适, 悠闲
-- The mney he wn made it pssible fr him t make a tur arund the wrld.
Capture the attentin f sb
= catch / receive / arrest / draw the attentin f sb
During a radi prgramme, a cmpany f biscuit manufacturers nce asked listeners t
bake biscuits and send them t their factry.
They ffered t pay ＄10 a pund fr the biggest biscuit baked by a listener.
Baked…：过去分词短语做定语
The respnse t this cmpetitin was tremendus.
respnse = reactin 反应
Befre lng, biscuits f all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factry.
Befre lng（不久以后）= sn（adv.立刻, 不久）= shrtly（adv.立刻, 不久）
biscuits f all shapes, biscuits f all sizes
shes f all sizes
One lady brught in a biscuit n a wheelbarrw. It weighed nearly 500 punds.
A little later, a man came alng with a biscuit which ccupied the whle bt f his car.
Occupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据
All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed.
The largest was 713 punds. It seemed certain that this wuld win the prize.
We (人称代词)后能加sure, 也能加certain（we are sure that…）
It后只能加certain（It is certain that…）
But just befre the cmpetitin clsed, a lrry arrived at the factry with a truly clssal
biscuit which weighed 2, 400 punds.
Clse = end
Clssal adj.巨大的, 庞大的
It had been baked by a cllege student wh had used ver 1, 000 punds f flur, 800 punds
20 f sugar, 200 punds f fat, and 400 punds f varius ther ingredients.
It was s heavy that a crane had t be used t remve it frm the lrry.
Remve（vt.vi.拿走, 撤走, 除去）= unlad（vt.卸货, 卸下）
The manufacturers had t pay mre mney than they had anticipated, fr they bught the
biscuit frm the student fr ＄24, 000.
than they had anticipated = than they had expected
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>Dtempt vt.诱惑, 引诱, 吸引, 使感兴趣
dispsal n.处理, 处置, 布置, 安排, 配置, 支配prmte vt.宣传，推销（商品）
2>A
3>C
4>C be prud f
5>B lve ding / lve t d
6>A 本句描述的是事实, 不该用if条件语句。
当修饰主语的定语从句过长而谓语过短, 一般将定语从句置于句位。
7>C in length（adv.长度）, in heightin width（adv.宽度方向上）, in weight, in depth
8>D
9>C sme r ther (不确定的)某一个 = this r thatne r ther 或者这个, 或者那个
10>D attractin n.吸引, 吸引力
11>B ccupy（vt.占有, 拥有, 占领, 占据）= take up 占据
12>A
Lessn 27 Nthing t sell and nthing t buy 不卖也不买
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Philspher n.哲学家
Wisdm n.智慧 （wise adj.英明的, 明智的, 聪明的）
-- He shwed great wisdm. 他展示了非凡的智慧。
-- He is a man f wisdm. = He is a wise man.
cut ne's wisdm teeth 开始懂事
Priest n.牧师
Spiritual adj.精神上的（adj.非物质的, 精神的, 灵魂的）
-- Spiritual life 精神生活, spiritual need 精神上的需要
spirited adj.精神饱满的, 生机勃勃的, 勇敢的
-- a spirited girl 一个勇敢的女孩
-- lw-spirited 沮丧的, high-spirited 兴奋的
-- public-spirited 热心公益的, a spirited debate 热烈的辩论
mental adj.心理的, 智力的
physical adj.身体的, 物质的, 自然的, 物理的
spirituus adj.酒精的, 含酒精的（liqur n.酒类）
-- spirituus liqur 烈性酒
Grudge v.不愿给, 舍不得给
surgen n.外科大夫
passer-by n.过路人（复数 passers-by）
dignity n.尊严（高贵）
lse ne's dignity 丢面子, 失去尊严
-- If yu are afraid f lsing yur dignity, yu can’t expect t learn t speak a freign language.
-- Althugh she is very pr, she has nt lst her dignity. 她虽然很穷, 但没有失去她的尊严。
Keep/stand n ne's dignity 保持自已的尊严
pcket ne's dignity [口]放下架子
with great dignity 仪态大方
-- Ladies and gentlemen shuld always act with great dignity.
太太先生们的举止应该总是十分端庄体面的。
Dignify vt.使有尊严, 使高贵
Dignified adj.高贵的，有尊严的
deliberately adv.故意地（深思熟虑的, 考虑周到的）
n purpse adv.故意
-- He cughed n purpse t attract my attentin.
cnsequence n.后果, 结果
in cnsequence 因此, 结果
in cnsequence f... 因为...的缘故, 由于
take the cnsequences f… 承担…责任
-- Yu have t take the cnsequences f the accidence.
Result 一种特殊的行动、运行或过程的结果
Effect n.结果, 效果, 作用, 影响
Outcme n.结果, 成果（自然的结果）
-- The utcme f the electin was in dubt then. 当时大选的结果还看不准。
afflict v.使苦恼, 折磨
be afflicted with… 受…的折磨
-- He is afflicted with a disease (n.疾病, 病)
afflictin n.痛苦, 苦恼
afflictive adj.带给人痛苦的, 苦恼的, 难受的
ease n.容易
with ease 熟练地, 轻而易举地
at ease 安逸, 自由自在
be/feel ill at ease 局促不安, 心神不宁
put sb. at his ease 使某人宽心, 使某人感到无拘无束
-- The manager put his shp assistants at their ease. （shp assistant n.店员）
take ne's ease 安心, 放心
-- I take my ease t study English here.
nature n.大自然
cntempt n.蔑视
in cntempt f… 不顾…
-- In cntempt f his father’s bjectin he went abard.（bjectin n.反对）
hld/have sb. in cntempt 鄙视某人 = lk dwn upn sb
-- I hld him in cntempt because he has nthing t d every day.
Cntemptible adj.可鄙的, 不齿的, 可轻视的
-- He is a cntemptible persn.
Cntemptuus adj.轻蔑的, 傲慢的, 轻视的
Despite n.轻视, 怨[憎]恨, 轻蔑, 侮辱
Scrn（n.轻蔑, 嘲笑）
-- pur scrn n 不屑一顾, 嘲弄
Scrnful（adj.轻视的，藐视的）
-- Glancing at her scrnfully, he tld her that the dress was sld.
他轻蔑地看了她一眼, 告诉她说, 那件衣服卖出去了。
envius adj.嫉妒的（羡慕的）
-- be envius f sb fr his success = be envius f sb's success
忌妒(羡慕)某人的成功
jealus adj.妒忌的, 羡慕的, 吃醋的
-- She is jealus f ur success. 她嫉妒我们的成就。
Tramp vt.vt.徒步走, 徒步旅行
Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者
Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女
Cmfrt n.安慰, 舒适
Material adj.物质的 n.材料, 原料
Gds n.商品, 货物
Willing adj.乐意的, 自愿的
Willingly adv.自动地, 欣然地
Precise adj.恰好的, 精确的, 准确的
Precisely adv.正好, 恰恰, 精确地, 准确地
Sciety n.社会
Skill n.技巧, 技艺, 技能, (专门)技术
General adj.一般的, 普通的
Rule n.常例, 习惯, 规律 n.规则, 惯例
Aruse vt.唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起
Independence n.独立, 自主
Sacrifice v.牺牲, 献出 n.牺牲, 献身
Chse vt.vi.（chse, chsen, chsing）挑选, 选择
Aware adj.知道的, 明白的, 意识到的
Anxiety n.忧虑, 焦急
Care n.烦恼, 忧虑
Felt [felt] （feel的过去式和过去分词）
Text 课文
What is the mst imprtant thing fr a tramp?
It has been said that everyne lives by selling smething.
It is said that… 据说…
Live by = t make enugh mney t feed neself
Live by… 以某种职业为生
Live n… 依靠某种食物维持生命, 或靠某人生活。
-- Sheep and cws live n grasses.
-- He lives chiefly n fruit. （Chiefly adv.首要, 主要地）
-- Thugh he is ver thirty, he still lives n his parents.
In the light f this statement, teachers live by selling knwledge, philsphers by selling
wisdm and priests by selling spiritual cmfrt.
In the light f… 按照, 根据, 考虑到, 从...的观点
In the light f = accrding t = taking int accunt
-- The thery has been abandned in the light f mdern discvery.
-- In the light f the evidence it was decided t take the manufacturers t curt.(n.法院, 庭院)
In accrdance with... 依照…(用在法律上, 更加正式)
-- In accrdance with the law
-- In accrdance with the regulatin (n.规则, 规章)
Thugh it may be pssible t measure the value f material gds in terms f mney, it is
extremely difficult t estimate the true value f the services which peple perfrm fr us.
in terms f 按照, 在...方面, 就…而言, 关于
-- He thinks f every thing in terms f peple’s interests.(n.利益)
他依据(按照)人民的利益考虑任何事。
In terms f
= in respect f（关于, 就…来说）, with respect t（关于, 至于, 谈到）
= in/with regard t（关于）, as regards（关于, 至于）
There are times when we wuld willingly give everything we pssess t save ur lives, yet we
might grudge paying a surgen a high fee fr ffering us precisely this service.
There are times when… 有的时候…
Wuld表达一种心理的愿望, 并不表示过去。
-- There are time when we wuld willingly give everything we pssess t bring ur family
happiness.
Grudge vt.吝啬, 不愿给, 勉强给（后面要和名词和动名词搭配）
-- I grudge wasting time n this. 我不愿在这件事上浪费时间。
-- He grudge paying s much mney fr such bad fd.
The cnditins f sciety are such that skills have t be paid fr in the same way that gds
are paid fr at a shp. Everyne has smething t sell.
The cnditins f sciety are such = Such are the cnditins f sciety
Tramps seem t be the nly exceptin t this general rule. Beggars almst sell themselves as human beings t aruse the pity f passers-by. But real tramps are nt beggars.
They have nthing t sell and require nthing frm thers.
Require sth frm…
In seeking independence, they d nt sacrifice their human dignity.
In seeking independence = In the curse f seeking independence
In和动名词搭配, 表示在…的过程当中。
-- In speaking t him, I fund that he stammers.（v.口吃, 结巴着说出）
On和动名词搭配, 表示一…就…
-- In crssing the hall, I nticed my shes was undne.（adj.脱去的, 解开的, 放松的）
在进入大厅的时候, 我注意到我的鞋带松了。
-- On crssing the hall, I nticed my shes was undne.
一进入大厅的时候, 我就注意到我的鞋带松了。
A tramp may ask yu fr mney, but he will never ask yu t feel srry fr him.
He has deliberately chsen t lead the life he leads and is fully aware f the cnsequences.
Fully = cmpletely
He may never be sure where the next meal is cming frm, but he is free frm the thusands
f anxieties which afflict ther peple.
be free frm… 不受…的影响, 免于...（= withut）
-- The ld lady is never free frm pain.
-- free frm errr 没有错误, free frm anxiety 没有忧虑
-- He is leading a life free frm care and anxieties.
Care（n.烦恼, 忧虑） anxiety（n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望, 热望）
His few material pssessins make it pssible fr him t mve frm place t place with ease.
Make it pssible fr sb t d sth
By having t sleep in the pen, he gets far clser t the wrld f nature than mst f us ever
d.
He may hunt, beg, r steal ccasinally t keep himself alive; he may even, in times f real
need, d a little wrk; but he will never sacrifice his freedm.
keep neself alive 为了生存
We ften speak f tramps with cntempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but
hw many f us can hnestly say that we have nt felt a little envius f their simple way f
life and their freedm frm care?
With +名词（表示具有、带有）
-- Hw many f us can hnestly say that we wuldn’t like t learn English well?
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>A circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况
2>D criminal n.罪犯, 犯罪者 adj.犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪恶的
cmpensate v.偿还, 补偿
incnvenience n.麻烦, 不方便之处
3>B in mments f truth = truly
undignified adj.无尊严的
cmpare v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较
burden v.负担 n.担子, 负担
livelihd n.生计, 谋生
4>B
5>B a中的have t用的不恰当
对两者的否定
Neither…nr…
Nthing…nr…
Nr位于句首, 倒装。
6>B
7>D cntemptuusly adv.轻蔑地
speak f 谈及, 说到
speak fr 代表...讲话, 为…辩护
speak n 就…而发言
speak t 与…谈话, 向...说
8>C
9>C
financial adj.财政的, 金融的
insure vt.给...保险 v.确保
sickness n.患病, 疾病, 不适, 恶心
10>
frm place t place 从一个地方到另一个地方; 各地, 到处
= here and there 各处, 到处
ne way r anther 无论如何, 某种方法
in every sense 在各种意义上
-- He is a cheat in every sense.（cheat n.欺骗, 骗子）
11>B t survive = keep himself alive
12>C
lk dwn upn/n 蔑视, 瞧不起
cnvict vt.（常与f连用）证明有…罪；宣判有…罪
-- He was cnvicted f murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。
Blame vt.（常与fr连用）责备, 谴责 n.过失, 责备
-- She blamed me fr the accident.
Cndemn vt.判刑, 处刑（常与t连用）判以死刑或无期徒刑
be cndemned t death 被判死刑
-- The prisner was cndemned t death.
Lessn 28 Five punds t dear 五镑也太贵
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Wares n.货物, 商品
Ware n.器皿, 陶器, 物品（总称, 常用于复合词）
-- silverware 银器 / irnware 铁器 / chinaware 陶器 / glassware 玻璃器皿
-- sftware 软件 / hardware 五金器具, (电脑的)硬件
-- a ppular ware 热门货 / small wares 小百货
gds n.商品, 货物（商店里出售的物品）
-- half-dne gds 半成品 / hme made gds = native gds 国货
-- leather gds 皮件 / frzen gds 冻结货物 / cnsumer gds 日用消费品
cmmdity n.商品, 物品（总称, 正式的经济学术语）
-- cmmdity price 商品价格, cmmdity ecnmy 商品经济
-- cmmdity market 商品市场, agricultural cmmdity 农产品
Anchr v.停航下锚
Deck n.甲板
Silverware n.银器
Tempt v.吸引, 引诱
Tempt sb t d sth 吸引某人做某事
Temptatin n.勾引, 诱惑, 引诱
-- The temptatin t steal is greater than ever befre - especially in large shps.
偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候更强烈了,在大商店里尤其如此。
Tempting adj.诱惑人的, 吸引人的 = （attractive adj.吸引人的, 有魅力的）
Bargain v.讨价还价
Bargain n.交易, 合同交易, 协议
-- a gd bargain 赚钱的生意 / make a bargain 成交, 达成协议
-- drive a hard bargain with sb 极力和某人讨价还价
-- bargain with sb fr sth. 和某人就某事讨价还价
-- bargain away 议价出售
Disembark v.下船上岸（= debark）
Embark v.上船, 上飞机
-- He disembarked. 他下船上了岸。
-- He decided t embark. 他决定上船。
Assail v.纠缠
-- He was assailed with wrries.
Afflict vt.使痛苦, 折磨
-- Tramps can keep free frm the thusands f anxieties which afflict ther peple.
Marble n.小玻璃球
Inscribe v.刻写, 雕
Favur n.好处, 优惠
in favr f 赞成, 支持
-- I am in favr f stpping wrk nw. 我赞成现在停止工作。
in sb.'s favr 得某人欢心, 对某人有利
-- The situatin, bth at hme and abard, is in ur favr.
ut f favr 失宠, 不利
by favr f sb 请面交给某人(信封上用语)
d sb a favr 给某人恩惠
favrite adj.心爱的, 受宠的
favrite n.受宠的人或物
favrable adj.赞成的, 赞许的, 讨人喜欢的
Gesticulate v.（讲话时）打手势
Outrageus adj.出人预料的, 令人不悦的
-- He played an utrageus jke.
Outrage n.暴行, 侮辱, 愤怒 vt.凌辱, 强奸, 虐待, 伤害, 迫害
Rage n.愤怒, 情绪激动, 狂暴, 精神错乱
-- My father was in a rage last night. 我父亲昨天晚上十分生气。
fly int a rage 勃然大怒
Thrust v.硬塞给
Thrust sth int… 塞进…
-- He thrust the pen int my hand.
Thrust aside 推开
-- He thrust the girl aside.
Thrust neself frward
-- He thrust himself frward in the crwd.
thrust neself in 强行闯入, 干涉, 探听（= thrust ne's nse int）
-- Dn’t thrust yurself in private sth.
thrust sth. n/upn sb. 强卖给某人
-- Dn’t thrust yur idea n me. = Dn’t exert yur idea n me.
thrust ut 推出, 逐出, 解雇
ther wrds:
speed vt.vi.（speeded, speeded, speeding）或（sped, sped, speeding）
liner n.班机, 定期轮船
rug n.(小)地毯, 垫子
Persia n.波斯（西南亚国家，现在的伊朗）
Iran n.伊朗
Iranian adj.伊朗的 n.伊朗人（= Irani）
Silk n.蚕丝, 丝, 丝绸, 绸缎
cpper n.铜, 警察
tradesman n.零售商, 工匠, 手艺人
cnceal vt.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒
diamnd n.钻石, 菱形
intentin n.计划, 目的
firmly adv.强有力的
apprach vt.vi.走近, 靠近
clse adj.近的, 近亲的, 紧密的, 严格的
neat adj.整齐的, 整洁的
indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示
hld up v.举起, 支撑, 继续下去
wildly adv.狂暴的, 激动的, 愤怒的 adv.野的, 野生的, 野性的
ffer n.出价, 提议
eventual adj.最后的, 结果的
-- eventual success [failure] 最后的成功[失败]
eventually adv.最后, 终于, 结果
shrug vt.vi.（表示怀疑或不感兴趣）耸肩
shulder n.肩, 肩部, 侧翼
readily adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地
thrw up 猛地举起
especially adv.特别, 尤其
Text 课文
Why was even five punds‘t dear’?
Dear（adj.昂贵的）= Cstly（adj.昂贵的, 贵重的）= Expensive（adj.费钱的, 昂贵的）
Small bats laded with wares sped t the great liner as she was entering the harbur.
Small bats sped t the great liner（主干）
Laded with 装载, 运载 = filled with
-- The bat was laded with wden gds.
Laded with wares为过去分词做定语修饰bats（= that was laded with wares）
Speed v.迅速驶向
-- Speed dwn hill 向山下疾驶 / Speed up hill 向山上疾驶
Speed by迅速驶过
-- Our hliday speed by. 我们的假期迅速过去。
Befre she had anchred, the men frm the bats had climbed n bard and the decks were
sn cvered with clurful rugs frm Persia, silks frm India, cpper cffee pts, and
beautiful handmade silverware.
The men (cming) frm the bat 小船上的人们
-- a plane (cming) frm New Yrk
n bard 在船上, 在公共交通工具内
be cvered with 盖着, 覆着
handmade adj.手工的, 手制的
It was difficult nt t be tempted.（双重否定）
-- It was difficult/impssible nt t be tempted by the beautiful shes.
Many f the turists n bard had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decided nt t buy anything until I had disembarked.
Tradesman n.零售商, 工匠
bargain with sb 和某人讨价还价
n bard 介词短语修饰turists
nt…until…
-- 我决定回家之前什么都不做 I decided t d nthing until I had gt hme.
-- They didn’t reach the schl until they had already passed by tw village.
I had n sner gt ff the ship than I was assailed by a man wh wanted t sell me a
diamnd ring.
had n sner…than… （n sner位于句首要倒装）
I had n sner gt ff the ship than = n sner had I gt ff the ship than
一…就…的表达方式：
-- as sn as / the mment that / n ding
-- had n sner…than… / had hardly…when…
I had n intentin f buying ne, but I culd nt cnceal the fact that I was impressed by the
size f the diamnds.
I have n intentin f ding 不打算做某事
-- I have n intentin f changing my mind.
-- He said has n intentin f lking fr anther jb.
The fact that（that引导的是同位语, 不能换成which）
I culd nt cnceal the fact that… 我不能隐藏…事实
-- He culd nt cnceal the fact that he was taken in.（take in 欺骗）
impress vt.留下印象
be impressed by/at/with… 被…深深打动/感动
-- I was mst impressed by his behavir.
What impressed me mst was… 给我印象最深的是…
-- What impressed me mst was the beauty here.
Impressin n.印象
Make/create a bad impressin n sb. 给某人留下不良的印象
-- If yu dn’t wrk hard, it will make a bad impressin n the bss.
Make/create quite an impressin n sb. 给某人留下极深的印象
-- Yur speech makes quite an impressin n me.
Impressin n.印, 印痕
-- The dg left the impressin f his paws in the wet cement.（n.水泥）
-- He made a deep impressin in the glass.
Sme f them were as big as marbles.
As…as… 象…一样
-- As strng as hrse / as white as snw
The man went t great lengths t prve that the diamnds were real.
Length n.长度, 长
g t great(cnsiderable, any) lengths t d… 竭尽全力做…
-- He g t great lengths t pass the examinatin.
Real adj.真实的（以实际或真实状态存在或发生的）
-- real bjects 真的物件 / a real illness 真的疾病
-- real peple 真实的人 / a real prblem一个真实的问题
-- a film based n real life 一部以真实生活为基础的影片
Real adj.天然的, 非人工或假造的 （= Genuine）
-- This ring is real gld. = This ring is genuine gld. 这枚戒指是真金的。
Genuine（adj.正品的非伪造的, 非假冒的）
反义词：Fake（adj.伪造的, 捏造的 n.捏造者, 冒牌货, 赝品）
-- Is this a genuine vase? N, it is a fake.
True adj.真实的（与事实或现实一致的、相符合的）
-- Only parts f his stry are true.
反义词：False adj.虚伪的, 假的（与真理或事实相反的）
-- false tales f bravery. 不真实的英勇故事
As we were walking past a shp, he held a diamnd firmly against the windw and made a
deep impressin in the glass. It tk me ver half an hur t get rid f him.
Pass = by 走过
It take sb smetimes t d sth. 某事花费某人多少时间
-- It tk me tw mnths t read the bk.
Get rid f 摆脱, 除去
Cure vt.治愈
-- t cure a patient 治愈病人
-- I hpe the dctr can cure the pain in my shulder. 我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。
Get rid f = cure
-- I have tried all srts f medicine t get rid f this cld.
Get rid f = pay ff 还清
-- He can never get rid f his debts.
Get rid f = wash ff 洗刷掉 （stain n.污点, 瑕疵）
-- He thught I can never wash ff this stains.
The next man t apprach me was selling expensive pens and watches. I examined ne f the
pens clsely. It certainly lked genuine.
The next man t apprach me 第二个走近我的人
At the base f the gld cap, the wrds‘made in the U. S. A.’had been neatly inscribed.
At the base f… 在…的低部
The man said that the pen was wrth ￡50, but as a special favur, he wuld let me have it
fr ￡30.
as a special favr 做为一种特殊的优惠
fr 出…价钱
tradesman n.零售商, 工匠
As a special favr, the tradesman wuld let me have the watch fr ￡20.
I shk my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing t pay ￡5.
Indicating… 意思是说… （现在分词做状语）
I held up ten fingers indicating that I was willing t pay $10.
Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he fund my ffer utrageus, but he eventually
reduced the price t ￡10.
Gesticulating现在分词做伴随状语
Act as if… 行为、举止好象…（as if = as thugh）
-- He acted as if he has never lived in England befre.
Outrageus adj.令人不能容忍的, 令人震惊的, 令人愤慨的
Eventually adv.最后, 终于（= at last）
Shrugging my shulders, I began t walk away when, a mment later, he ran after me and
thrust the pen int my hands.
Shrugging现在分词做伴随状语
Thugh he kept thrwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the ￡5 I gave him.
Keep ding sth. 不断地做某事
in despair 绝望的
readily（adv.乐意地, 欣然, 容易地） = willingly（adv.心甘情愿的, 欣然的, 自愿的）
I felt especially pleased with my wnderful bargain ---- until I gt back t the ship.
Be pleased with = be satisfied with 对...感到满意
N matter hw hard I tried, it was impssible t fill this beautiful pen with ink and t this
day it has never written a single wrd!
N matter hw = hwever（cnj.不管用何种方法 adv.无论如何）
fill with 使充满
t this day = up t nw = until nw = till nw = s far 到现在为止, 迄今
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>B merchandise n.商品, 货物（= gds）
-- lay ut 摆开, 展示
2>C pester（vt.使烦恼, 纠缠）= assail（vt.攻击, 困扰）
3>B 4>D 5>C 6>A 7>D
8>C
resist vt.抵抗, 反抗
-- resist aggressin 抵抗侵略 / resist heat 耐热
-- resist temptatin 抵制引诱
-- I was unable t resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。
9>C
afterwards adv.然后, 后来地（可以单独使用）
-- sn afterwards, shrtly afterwards
after adv.在后, 后来（不能单独使用）
-- tw days after
later adv.后来, 过后
-- I will see yu later. 等会儿再见。
-- But sme time later it began t rain. 但过了些时候开始下雨了。
The later 后者
10>B intend t d 打算做某事
11>B
irritating adj.使愤怒的, 使人不愉快的
utrageus adj.无耻的, 可恶的, 令人不可容忍的（= prepsterus）
prepsterus adj.荒谬的, 可笑的
-- That's a prepsterus excuse! 那是一个荒谬的藉口!
-- What a prepsterus idea! 多么荒谬的想法!
-- a prepsterus ld wman 一位可笑的老妇人
hilarius adj.热闹的, 高兴的, 狂欢的
unspeakable adj.无法形容的,不能以言语表达的,可怕的,坏透了的
= terrible adj.很糟的, 极坏的
12>A N matter hw = hwever
Lessn 29 Funny r nt? 是否可笑？
本课的flash不全
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Largely adv.在很大程度上
-- His success was largely due t luck.
Universal adj.普遍的
universal agent n.全权代理人
universal time n.(= Greenwich Time)世界时间,格林尼治时
universal jint n.[机]万向接头
万向接头：一种接头或连轴节，能使互相不在一条线上的机械零件在传输旋转运动时在任意方向上具有有限的运动自由度。
Universality n.普遍性, 一般性, 多方面性, 广泛性
Universally adv.普遍地, 全体地, 到处
-- Acknwledged adj.公认的
-- It’s universally acknwledged that English is get mre and mre imprtant.
Universe n.宇宙, 世界, 万物
Cmic adj.喜剧的, 可笑的
Cmedian n.滑稽演员, 喜剧演员
Cmedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情
-- Tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
-- Tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难
-- Tragedian n.悲剧演员, 悲剧作家
Distasteful adj.讨厌的 （adv. distastefully）
Unpleasant adj.使人不愉快的, 讨厌的
Displeasing adj.使人不愉快的, 令人发火的
-- The idea is distasteful t me.
Pester v.一再要求, 纠缠 （assail vt.攻击, 困扰）
pester sb. t d sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
pester sb. with sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- He cntinually pesters his bss with demands.
pester sb. fr sth. 以某事烦扰某人; 缠住某人讨取某物; 麻烦某人做某事
-- Dn’t pester me fr the trifle.（n.小事, 琐事, 微不足道的东西）
Dread v.惧怕
Dread + 名词, 动名词, 动词不定式
-- We were dreading his arrival. 我们正担心他来呢！
-- He dreaded having t meet his parents.
-- I dread t think what will happen if he finds ut.
Dreadful adj.令人恐惧的, 令人不快的
-- a dreadful disaster 可怕的灾难
dreaded adj.感到恐惧的
in dread f…. 害怕某人[某事]
-- We are in dread f insects.（insect n.昆虫）
terrify vt.使恐怖, 恐吓
hrrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇
fear v.害怕, 畏惧, 为...担心
Recvery n.康复
Plaster n.熟石膏
cnsle v.安慰, 慰问
-- Grief n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤
-- He is cnsling his friend in grief fr the lss f child.
hbble v.瘸着腿走
-- I hurt my ft while getting ff the bus, and had t hbble hme.
我在下公共汽车时脚受了伤, 只好一拐一拐地走回家。
Hbble n.困难, 窘惑
-- be in (get int) a hbble 陷于窘境
cmpensate v.补偿
t cmpensate sb. Fr 为…向某人赔偿
-- Nthing can cmpensate the yung mther fr the lss f her favrurite daughter.
年轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。
Cmpensate v.酬报（fr）
-- The cmpany cmpensates her fr extra wrk. 公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。
mumble v.喃喃而语
-- He mumbled sth. t me but I culd nt hear what he said.
他对我咕哝了几句，可是我没听清他说的什么。
mumbler n.说话含糊的人
basis n.基础, 基本, 根据
basic adj.基本的 n.基本, 要素, 基础 n.[计]BASIC语言, 基本高级语言
bring up 教育, 养育
mysteriusly adv.神秘的
bind vt.vi.（bund, bund, binding）缚, 绑
-- be bund up with 与...有密切关系
sense n.意思, 意义 n.感觉, 知觉, 感知
characteristic n.特性, 特征
Russian n.俄国人, 俄语 adj.俄国的, 俄国人的, 俄语的
Situatin n.情形, 境遇
-- Cmic situatin 喜剧情节
appeal n.魅力, 吸引力, 感染力
stem vi.[美]起源, 发生 n.【植】茎, 干, 花梗, 叶柄
tragic adj.悲惨的, 悲剧的
vilent adj.猛烈的, 狂暴的, 剧烈的
-- a vilent death 横死, 暴死
judge vi.下判断, 作出裁判
celebratin n.庆祝, 庆典
eve n.前夕, 前日 n.节日的前夜（-- New Year's Eve除夕）
n.（重大事件的）前夕（-- n the eve f the great war 大战前夕）
Text 课文
What is the basis f‘sick’humur?
Whether we find a jke funny r nt largely depends n where we have been brught up.
The sense f humur is mysteriusly bund up with natinal characteristics.
A Frenchman, fr instance, might find it hard t laugh at a Russian jke.
I fund it difficult t finish the wrk in a day.
It was difficult nt t be attempted.
In the same way, a Russian might fail t see anything amusing in a jke which wuld make
an Englishman laugh t tears.
Mst funny stries are based n cmic situatins.
be based upn… 基于…
-- This news reprt is based entirely n fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
In spite f natinal differences, certain funny situatins have a universal appeal.
N matter where yu live, yu wuld find it difficult nt t laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's
early films.
Hwever, a new type f humur, which stems largely frm the U.S., has recently cme int
fashin.
stem frm 源自, 起源于
-- His feeling f hate stem frm envy.（n.羡慕, 妒嫉）
-- Her interest in flwers stemmed frm her childhd in the cuntry.
stem frm 源自, 起源于
= cme frm 出身于, 由...引起, 是...的结果, 是在...生长大的
= arise frm 由...而引起, 由...而产生
= riginate frm 由某人发起(首创)
Originate vi.发源, 开始, 发生
-- The quarrel riginated in a misunderstanding. 争吵是由于误解而引起的。
-- The film riginated frm a shrt stry. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。
Originate vt.使产生, 创始, 创办, 发明, 发起, 引起
-- They riginated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。
cme int fashin 流行起来, 开始风行
cme int pwer (开始)掌权, 上台
call int being 使产生, 使出现, 建立, 成立
It is called‘sick humur’.
Cmedians base their jkes n tragic situatins like vilent death r serius accidents.
Many peple find this srt f jke distasteful.
The fllwing example f‘sick humur’will enable yu t judge fr yurself.
A man wh had brken his right leg was taken t hspital a few weeks befre Christmas.
Frm the mment he arrived there, he kept n pestering his dctr t tell him when he
wuld be able t g hme.
He dreaded having t spend Christmas in hspital.
Dread t d = dread ding
Thugh the dctr did his best, the patient's recvery was slw.
On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster.
He spent a miserable day in bed thinking f all the fun he was missing.
Miserable adj.痛苦的, 悲惨的, 可怜
A miserable day = a terrible day
think f 考虑, 设想, 想象
-- When I saw yu I thught f my sister
think f ding sth
-- He is thinking f setting a schl.
Spend time ding sth.
By通过某种方式
-- I arrive here by train.
The fllwing day, hwever, the dctr cnsled him by telling him that his chances f being
able t leave hspital in time fr New Year celebratins were gd.
Chance在表达机会这个概念的时候, 经常采用复数形式。
One’s chances f ding sth are gd 某人做某事的可能性很大
-- My chances f passing the examinatin are gd.
-- His chances f being dismissed are gd.
remte adj.遥远的, 偏僻的
adj.极小的, 细微的, 模糊的（= slight adj.轻微的, 微小的）
One’s chances f ding sth are remte 某人做某事的可能性很小
-- His chances f arriving here by bicycle are remte.
The man tk heart and, sure enugh, n New Year's Eve he was able t hbble alng t a
party.
take heart 鼓起勇气, 打起精神
-- He tk heart when he gt the gd news.
lse heart 灰心, 泄气
-- If they knew hw difficult it was t drill thrugh the hard rck they will lse heart.
T cmpensate fr his unpleasant experiences in hspital, the man drank a little mre than was gd fr him.
T = in rder t
Mre than… 超出…范围
-- The cake is mre than I can eat.
Mre than后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句, 从句中常见的形容词有：necessary, gd,
Pssible, anticipate, expect, feel, suggest, reprt, require, think.
-- The man drank a little mre than was gd fr him. = The man drank a little mre than what was gd fr him.
-- There were mre accidents than (what) was reprted.
-- He eats mre than (what/it) is gd fr him.
As后面可以引导省略主语的比较从句
-- He arrived as I expected. = He arrived as (what) was expected.
-- He eats as much as (what/it) is gd fr him.
-- The man drank as much as (what) was gd fr him.
比较：
1>-- He eats mre than is gd fr him. 他总是吃的正好。
-- He eats as much as is gd fr him. 他总是吃的过多。
2>-- The man drank a little mre than was gd fr him.
-- The man drank as much as was gd fr him.
委婉的表达方式：
The man drank a little mre than was gd fr him.
She is quite fat. = She isn’t right fat.（Right adv.正确的, 合适的, 恰当的）
In the prcess, he enjyed himself thrughly and kept telling everybdy hw much he hated
hspitals.
in the prcess f… 在...的过程中
In the prcess = during the party（上文中的party） 27-04
-- Yesterday I went swimming. In the prcess, I have a very gd time.
-- I was lking fr yur huse and gt lst in the prcess.
Keep telling = keep n telling
Hw much = T what extent
-- Hw much can I trust him? = T what extend can I trust him?
Extent n.程度, 范围, 广度, 宽度, 长度
He was still mumbling smething abut hspitals at the end f the party when he slipped n
a piece f ice and brke his left leg.
When = at that mment
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>C the funny side f… …可笑方面的
fundamentally adv.基础地, 根本地
be related t… 与…有关系
2>B
3>A pint n.要点taken 过去分词做后置定语illustrate vt.阐明
4>A The French 法国人的总称
a French应改为a Frenchman（任意一个法国人）a man in France 一个在法国的人
5>A
mst adj.最多的, 多数的, 大部分的
adv.最, 最多, 很, 十分, 最, 最大的, 其中大多数, 极其
n.大多数, 大部分
-- mst student
-- mst f the student
majrity n.（常与f连用）多数；半数以上the majrity f… 大多数…
-- The majrity f children in ur class have brwn eyes. 我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛。
Mstly adv.主要地, 大部分, 通常
6>Awh had the right leg  wh had had the right leg（应该用过去完成时）
7>B n sner…than…
8>C by drinking
By通过某种手段 （是重点, 在损坏的部分）
9>D d ne's best = try ne's best 尽全力
10>D cnsle = cmfrt vt.安慰, 藉慰
11>C hw much = t what extend
at length（adv.最后, 详细地）= in detail（adv.详细地）
t ne's cst 付出了代价才..., 吃亏后才...
-- Wasp’s stings are serius, as I knw t my cst.
-- Wasp（n.黄蜂） Sting（n.刺, 刺痛, 针刺）
12>B
in the same way adv.同样地
t the same effect 以相同的意思
Lessn 30 The death f a ghst 幽灵之死
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Laburer n.劳动者（劳工）
-- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。
Wrkman n.技工, 工匠
-- 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人
wrker n.工人（泛指）
-- 具有更高水平的工人
-- white-cllar wrker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者)
-- blue-cllar wrker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者)
-- a factry wrker 工厂工人 / farm wrker 雇农, 农业工人
farmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm laburers = farm wrker
Overnight adv.一夜期间
Hay n.干草
Crn n.谷物
-- Crn n.［英］谷物, 五谷, 小麦 ［美、加、澳］玉米 ［苏、爱］燕麦
Mnlight n.月光
Cnscientius adj.认真的
Cnscientius adj.尽责的, 凭良心的, 谨慎的
-- a cnscientius teacher
-- a cnscientius wrker 勤勤恳恳的工作者
cnscius adj.有意识的, 神志清醒的
-- He is hurt but still cnscius. 他受了伤, 不过神志还清醒。
cnscius adj.了解的, 察觉的
-- She was nt cnscius f his presence in the rm. 她不晓得他在这房间里。
-- I was cnscius f her presence. 我知道她在场。
Suspect v.怀疑
Suspect vt.怀疑, 猜疑, 疑心
-- I suspected her mtives. 我怀疑她的动机。
Suspect sb t be
-- suspect him t be ill 猜想他病了
-- I suspect him t be a spy.
suspect sb f ding/n
-- I suspect him f stealing the car.
-- suspect sb. f giving false infrmatin 怀疑某人提供假情报
-- suspect sb. f a crime 怀疑某人犯罪
Suspect that…
-- I suspect that his girlfriend hide her true feelings.
-- We suspect they'll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。
Suspicin n.猜疑, 怀疑
Suspicius adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的
-- Cats are suspicius f human beings.
Suspect表示一种肯定的语义, Dubt 表示一种否定的语义
Dubt vt.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准（用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑）
-- I dubt the truth f it. 我怀疑它的真实性。
-- I dubt that he will cme. 我看他不见得会来。
-- I dubt whether [if] he is at hme. 我看他不一定在家。
-- I d nt dubt (but) that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。
-- Can yu dubt that he will win? 你不相信他会获胜吗?
-- I dubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。
Dubtful adj.怀疑的；不信任的
-- It is dubtful that he will cme.
Dubtable adj.可疑的, 令人怀疑的
Desert v.（军队中）开小差
-- The sldier deserted his army. 这个士兵开小差。
Desert vt.vi.遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandn vt.放弃, 遗弃）
违背法律、道义、责任、信仰
-- desert the army, desert schl, desert his duty, desert his family
Abandn vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东西）
-- He had t abandn his favrite research because f the war.
-- abandn ne's hme 离弃家园
-- He abandned his wife and went away with all their mney.（research n.研究, 调查）
他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。
Frsake vt.(-sk, -saken )
舍弃, 放弃, 背弃, 和…脱离关系
-- He frsk his family.
-- He has frsaken his wife and children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)
-- Yu must frsake yur bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。
Discard vt.放弃, 丢弃, 抛弃（= give up as useless）
-- Everyday we discard a large amunt f rubbish.
Regiment n.（军队）团
Actin n.战斗
Recluse n.隐士
give up 放弃, 抛弃, 认输
labur n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工 v.劳动, 苦干
cwshed n.牛棚, 牛舍
blige vt.迫使, 责成
Text 课文
Why did the tw brthers keep the secret?
Fr years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.
Haunt vt.闹鬼
-- It is said that the public huse was haunted.
Haunt vt.常去, 常到（某地）= visit smewhere every ften
-- He haunted this cinema.
The farm was wned by tw brthers, Je and Bb Cx.
Own = pssess
They emplyed a few farmhands, but n ne was willing t wrk there lng.
Be willing t d = be ready t d
Every time a wrker gave up his jb, he tld the same stry.
Every time = whenever 引导时间状语从句
-- Every time I listen t his advice, I get int truble.
= Whenever I listen t his advice, I get int truble.
Farm laburers said that they always wke up t find that wrk had been dne vernight.
Wake up t find that… 醒过来时, 结果发现…
-- He wke up t find that he was surrunded by a large crwd f peple.
-- He hurried t the pst ffice nly t find that it was shut.（表示遗憾的结果用nly）
Hay had been cut and cwsheds had been cleaned. A farm wrker, wh stayed up all night,
claimed t have seen a figurecutting crn in the mnlight.
claimed t d…
-- He claimed t have seen the puma.
-- Seamen claimed t have seen mnsters.
See sb ding sth 看见某人正在做某事
Wh引导非限定定语从句（lessn 08）
-- These yung peple, wh lve the peace f the muntains, always receive a warm welcme at Saint Bernard Mnastery.
stay up 不睡觉, 留在原地，原地不动（= nt t g t bed）
= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜
-- The by sat up t see the film.
Wait up fr 等候着不睡
-- Dn’t wait up fr me; I’ll be hme very late.
burn the midnight il 开夜车
-- I have t burn the midnight il t tnight t cmplete wrk.
In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cx brthers emplyed a cnscientius ghst
that did mst f their wrk fr them.
In time 最后, 终于
It became an accepted fact that… 变成了一个大家都接受的事实
That引导同位语从句, 补充说明fact。
-- It becmes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large.
= Everybdy had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.
N ne suspected that there might be smene else n the farm wh had never been seen.
Smene else wh had never been seen.
This was indeed the case.
A shrt time ag, villagers were astnished t learn that the ghst f Endley had died.
Be astnished = be surprised
类似的词：amaze, astund
be astnished t d sth（可代替d的词：see, learn, hear, find, knw, discver）
-- I am nt surprised t see he is still as fat as befre.
Everyne went t the funeral, fr the ‘ghst’was nne ther than Eric Cx, a third brther
wh was suppsed t have died as a yung man.
Fr(= as)引导原因状语从句, 对主句补充说明。
nne ther than = n ther than 不是别的, 正是... （强调人）
-- The man wh spke t her was nne ther than her husband.
和她说话的不是别人正是她丈夫。
-- It was n ther than my ld friend.
nthing else than 只不过, 仅仅（强调事物）
-- His failure was due t nthing else than his wn careless.
他的失败不因为其它原因, 仅仅因为他的粗心。
A third brther 又一位兄弟
Was suppsed = was thught
-- He was suppsed t have died twenty years ag.
After the funeral, Je and Bb revealed a secret which they had kept fr ver fifty years.
Keep secret 保密 （= keep sth t neself）
Reveal secret 揭露秘密（= make knwn）
-- The press reveal the scandal.（n.丑事, 丑闻）（the press 新闻界）
-- He kept secret fr a lng time. = He kept it t himself fr a lng time.
Eric had been the eldest sn f the family, very much lder than his tw brthers.
Very much中的Much用来加强语气
He had been bliged t jin the army during the Secnd Wrld War.
Be bliged t d… = be frce t d… 被迫做某事
Feel bliged t d… 有义务做某事
As he hated army life, he decided t desert his regiment.
When he learnt that he wuld be sent abrad, he returned t the farm and his father hid him
until the end f the war.
He had been in hiding…
Fearing the authrities, Eric remained in hiding after the war as well.
Fearing the authrities 现在分词做原因状语从句
Cncealment n.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐蔽处
in hiding（躲藏着的）= remain in cncealment（隐藏着, 躲着）
-- He remained in hiding at hme.
His father tld everybdy that Eric had been killed in actin.
The nly ther peple wh knew the secret were Je and Bb.
The nly ther peple wh knew the secret 仅知道这个秘密的人
The nly ther peple wh finished the wrk 仅完成这项工作的人
They did nt even tell their wives.
When their father died, they thught it their duty t keep Eric in hiding.
They thught it their duty t…（it是形式宾语）
-- I thught it very difficult t pass the examinatin.
-- We all think it ur duty t supprt ur parents.
动词 + 宾语（形式宾语it）+ 宾补(名词、形容词) + t d…
All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse. He used t sleep during the day and wrk at night, quite unaware f the fact that he had becme the ghst f Endley.
Quite unaware f… 形容词短语做状语
that引导同位语
unaware adj.不知道的, 没有觉察的(f, that)
-- be unaware f the danger 没有觉察到危险
-- He was unaware that I was present. 他不知道我在场。
aware adj.知道的, 明白的
-- I was nt aware f the fire. 我没有意识到火。
When he died, hwever, his brthers fund it impssible t keep the secret any lnger.
his brthers fund it impssible t… （动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 + t d…）
-- We fund it quite impssible t finish the hard wrk in 2 hurs.
= It is quite impssible t finish the hard wrk in 2 hurs.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1>D
It never ccurred t them that… 他们从来没有想到过…
2>A
penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）
desertin n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差
3>D
utbreak n.(战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作
bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏
4>B 5>C
6>B army life = life in the army 军队生活
schl life = life in the schl 学校生活
7>A 8>A
9>C with time 随着时间的推移
at the time 当时, 在那个时候
n time adv.准时
at times adv.有时, 不时
10>B
recruit vt. vi.招募（新兵）
-- t recruit new plice fficers 招募新的警官
吸收（新成员）
-- t recruit sme new members 吸收新成员
cnscript n.被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）
-- He was cnscript int the army.
Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把...编组, 把...编成团, 管辖
Regiment n.〈军〉团
-- The regiment was rdered t the frnt. 这个团被调往前线。
（常与f连用）大群；大量
-- a regiment f ducks 一大群鸭子
Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制
-- Mdern children dn't like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制。
11>D hermit n.隐士, 隐居者
12>A
realizing = becme aware f
never realizing = quite unaware f
Lessn 31 A lvable eccentric 可爱的怪人
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
lvableadj. 可爱的
lvable=wrthy f lve 惹人爱的
lvely=beautiful 可爱的
What he des is lvable. 他的所作所为很惹人爱。
I like the lvely by/girl. 我喜欢这个可爱的孩子。
A large number f eccentrics are lvable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。
eccentric n. （行为）古怪人:
eccentric n. =a persn whse behavir is peculiar ,unusual,rather strange.;
adj: peculiar,unusual,strange
strange 因为陌生而奇怪
The mdern building lks strange t the villagers.
eccentric a.行为举止古怪
I can't get n well with him, because he is eccentric.
dd 强调指出因为少见而多怪
Lk, he is wearing an dd hat.
peculiar 奇异的,不同寻常的
The huse is peculiar.
I feel peculiar tday.=I feel uncmfrtable/ill.=I’m nt myself tday.
eccentricity n.怪癖
disregardv. 不顾，漠视
disregard v.=ignre ,pay n attentin t
Disregard nise and keep wrking.
disregard n.
have a disregard f/fr
He has cmplete disregard f/fr my feelings.他对我的感情漠然不顾。
in disregard f不顾，忽视，漠视
He did the wrk in disregard f my instructins.他不顾我的指示而继续做这项工作。
treat sb. with disregard怠慢某人
Anyway, dn't treat yur friends with disregard.无论如何不能怠慢自己的朋友。
cnventin n. 习俗，风俗
cnventin n.: generally accepted practice 被普遍接受的行为准则、常规、惯例,可受时间影响
Shaking hands when meeting peple is nrmal cnventin in China.
custm 历史悠久的社会习俗,不受时间影响
It is a custm f giving presents at Christmas.
He always des exactly what he wants and des nt care abut cnventin.
practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗
The nrmal practice in the cmpany is t send bill as sn as the jb is dne.这个公司的通常做法是工作一做完就记帐单。
a nrmally accepted practice 普遍接受的做法 见23课
traditin 传统,比custm有更悠久的历史
Spending Christmas day is a traditin fr western peple.
habit 个人习惯
I have a habit f reading alud in the mrning.
Cnscius adj. 感觉到的，意识到的
cnscius a.感觉到的=aware
be cnscius f/that=be aware f/that
He is quite unaware f the danger.他丝毫没有意识到这个危险。
He is nt cnscius f the danger.
class cnscius 有阶级意识的
family cnscius 有家庭观念的
clthes cnscius 注重衣着的
stairs cnscius 注重地位的
aware ;cnscius的反义词直接加un-----unaware ;uncnscius
subcnscius 下意识的
cnsciusness n.意识、知觉、个人思想
rutine n.常规,惯例
rutine=the regular fixed way f sth./ding things
fllw the rutine墨守成规
break the rutine 打破常规
start the daily rutine开始每天的日常生活
shrewd adj.精明的,狡猾的,敏锐的,机灵的
shrewd=shwing gd practical judgement
He is a shrewd bserver.
We have gt shrewd cmmn sense.
Sb. is shrewd. = He has gd judgement.
shrewd brained头脑机灵的
shrewd headed头脑机灵的
shrewd lking 看起来机灵的
shrewd a.精明的
cunning :clever at deceiving 善于欺骗的
sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的 强于cunning
a sly ld fx 非常狡猾的老狐狸
intensely adj.强烈地
intense adj.=very strng ;vilent; extreme ;sharp ; central
intense cld 严寒
intense heat 酷暑
intense discussin 激烈的讨论
intensify vt.使……增强
Yu must intensify yur sense f respnsibility.你必须加强责任感。
intensity n.强烈、剧烈、强度
Lsing jbs are grwing in intensity.失业这种现象是越来越严重了。
reprimand v.正式地、严厉地斥责
reprimand :scld fficially and severely
blame 责备（语气程序很弱）
blame sb. fr sth.
The teacher blamed him fr his cming late.
scld 斥责（语气稍重一点）
Dn't scld me fr such a trifle. 不要因为这样的小事责备我。
reprach 斥责
He ften reprached his children.
reprimand v./n. 严厉斥责；谴责 (语气最强)
The bss reprimanded his emplyees severely.
aplgetic a.道歉的
He was aplgetic. 他致以歉意。
aplgize v.道歉
aplgize t sb.
He aplgized t his bss.
The bss aplgized t his emplyees.
aplgy n.歉意
make aplgy t sb. fr sth.
stage v.暗中策划
He staged a jke.
elabrate adj.精心构思的
elabrate =carefully wrked ut
an elabrate design 精心的设计
elabrate vt. 精心设计构思
He elabrated a system f cmputer.
Text 课文
True eccentrics never deliberately set ut t draw attentin t themselves.
真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。
deliberately: n purpse
set ut t d=set abut ding=start ding/t d sth.
draw/capture/attract/hld/catch/arrest/receive attentin t 吸引对...的注意
They disregard scial cnventins withut being cnscius that they are ding anything extrardinary.
他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。
He made a mistake withut being cnscius f the fact.
This invariably wins them the lve and respect f thers, fr they add clur t the dull rutine f everyday life.
他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。
invariably:=always
win them the lve and respect f thers --- win sb sth
Her fine character quickly wn her the friendship f her clleagues.
add clur t 为增添色彩
Eccentric add clur t ur dull life.
希望背诵第一段
Up t the time f his death, Richard Clsn was ne f the mst ntable figures in ur twn.
理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。
up t the time f his death: befre he died 完成时的标志，这里之所以没有用现在或过去完成时，主要是突出一个客观事实
ntable: famus
He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but mst peple in the twn hardly knew anything abut this side f his life.
他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。
this side f his life 生活中的这一个方面：指他的精明能干、有钱
He was knwn t us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had becme legendary lng befre he died.
大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
be knwn t sb. 众所周知
lng befre he died 在他去世前很久
Dickie disliked snbs intensely.
迪基痛恨势利小人。
intensely: vilently,strngly, very much
Thugh he wed a large car, he hardly ever used it, prefering always t g n ft.
尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代车。
prefering现在分词做伴随状语
hardly: rarely
One day, he walked int an expensive shp after having been caught in a particularly heavy shwer.
一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。
be caught in 突然遇到，突然碰上
be caught in a heavy shwer 遇到瓢泼大雨
be caught in a heavy snw 遇到大雪
be caught in a heavy strm 遇到风暴
He wanted t buy a $300 watch fr his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled cnditin than an assistant refused t serve him.
他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子，竟不肯接待他。
in such a cnditin/state 处于一种状态
bedraggled cnditin 拖泥带水的状态
如此...以至于...
The assistant asked him t leave, but Dickie paid n attentin t him and requested t see the manager.
店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。
pay n attentin t him= ignre him=take n ntice f him=turn a deaf ear t him= refuse t listen t him
request求见（正式，礼貌，语气强烈）
I requested the headmaster.
Every student can request assistance f their teacher.
demand 在语气上还要强烈，并且不愿意接受否定的回答
I demand my rights. 我要求我的权利。
ask口头或写信要求得到某物
I asked t get the bk.
He asked me fr help.
Recgnizing wh the custmer was, the manager was mst aplgetic and reprimanded the assistant severely.
经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了店员。
recgnizing 现在分词做原因状语
mst=very much
When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the clth bag.
店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他。
hand sb sth /hand sth t sb 把某物递给某人
present sb with sth / present sth t sb 把某物交给某人(比较正式)
He insisted n the assistant's cunting the mney befre he left -- 30,000 pennies in all!
他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起共有30,000枚！
insist n ding/insist that + shuld d 坚决要求
He insisted that the shp assistant shuld cunt the mney befre he left.
This exhibitin received a great deal f attentin in the press, fr thugh the pictures were suppsed t be the wrk f famus artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie.
这次展览引起报界广泛注意，因为这些画名义上是名家的作品，事实上是迪基自己画的。
receive an attentin 引起注意
receive a great deal f attentin in the press引起报界的广泛注意
suppse t d
It tk him fur years t stage this elabrate jke simply t prve that critics d nt always knw what they are talking abut.
他花了4年时间策划这出精心设计的闹剧，只是想证明评论家们有时并不解他们所谈论的事情。
simply t prve=nly t prve
dn't always knw what they are taking abut= dn't always talk sense= always talk nnsense
talk nnsense 胡说八道
talk sense 说正经话
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1.正确答案：B
g t such lenghths 竭尽全力
2.正确答案：B
3.正确答案：D
4.正确答案：B
be quite unaware f the fact that... that引导同位语从句,在非正式用法中f the fact可省略
5.正确答案：B
much 多用在疑问句或否定句中，而肯定句中多用a lt;a great deal
He knws a lt abut it.
He desn't knw much abut it.
Des he knw much abut it?
6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：A
8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：D
10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C
12.正确答案：D
talk nnsense 胡说八道
talk sense 说正经话
Lessn 32 A Lst Ship 沉船之谜
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
salvage n. 营救，救助，打捞
salvage gds frm fire 从火中抢救货物
salvage the patient 拯救病人
salvage yur time 节省时间
salvage archaelgy/bat/ mney 抢救性的考古/营救船/救助的钱
carg n.货物
carg : the gds carried by ship, plane r vehicle （通常用于船运）
The ship has a carg f 1000 tns.
carg vessel 货船
gds: the gds carried by plane r train 也可以做形容词。做形容词时只表示铁路运输。常指商店里的商品。
a gds train 货物列车
Trains are used t carry gds and passengers. 火车是用来运送货物和旅客的。
scur vt.彻底搜查
scur : g thrugh
The huse has been searched/scured fr the hidden bullins.为了找到被藏起来的金条，整个房子都被彻底找过了。
search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西 比lk fr 更正式
I have been searching everywhere but I can’t find the key.
hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需的东西
We spent a week hunting fr the puma.
scur 表示彻底的搜查一个特定的范围 并暗示花费更大的力气
They scur the wds fr the child.
三个词的共同特点：search/scur/hunt都可以+ fr 表示目的
chest n.箱子
chest: a large strng bx in which valuable bjects are kept
case（总称）/ suitcase (手提相) / safe（保险箱）/ trunk（汽车尾箱）/ dustbin(垃圾箱)
find n.. : sth gd r valuable
The little restaurant is quite a find.
The garden is a gd find
piece v. 拼成整体
piece n. : part
a piece f cake / a piece f news
v. : put parts tgether t frm a whle
piece tgether 拼凑
They piece the lg bk tgether. 他们把航海日记拼凑在一起
Piece up : 修补，拼合
Please piece up the dress. 请把裙子缝补一下
Piece a quilt. 拼缝一下被子
cnvy n. 护航
in a cnvy护航
under a cnvy被护航
submarine n. 潜水艇
关于sub前缀的用法：
1．表示下 如：subway（地铁） /substructure（下层建筑）/subsil（下层土）/ subnrmal（低于正常的）
2．表示次、准、亚 如：subtrpics（亚热带） / sub cllege（准大学）/ sub cntinent（ 次大陆）
3．表示副、分支、下级、下属 如： subeditr（副编辑） / subagent（副代理人） /subhead （副标题）/ sub ffice（分办事处）
4．表示接近的 如：subadult（接近成年的）/ sub teen (13以下) / subequal（接近相等的，约等于）
5．表示再 如：subdivide（再分）/ sublet（转租）/subculture（再培养）
naval n. 海军的
naval prt 军港
naval pwer 制海权
navy n. 海军
vyage n. 海上航行
navigatin n. 航海术
navigate v. 航海，航行
Text 课文
The salvage peratin had been a cmplete failure.
打捞工作彻底的失败了。
请背熟上面这个句子
My examinatin is a cmplete failure.
Their experiment had been a cmplete failure.
The small ship, Elkr, which had been searching the Barents Sea fr weeks, was n its way hme.
这艘小船爱尔克号在巴伦支海上搜索已经好几个星期了，现在正在返回途中。
定语从句。Which 指代 the small ship, Elkr
A radi message frm the mainland had been received by the ship’s captain instructing him t give up the search..
=The captain had received a radi message frm the mainland instructing him t give up the search.。
船长收到了从大陆上发来的电报，指示他放弃搜索。
背熟这句话。在这句话中，instructing进一步说明a radi message的内容。
instruct sb. t d sth. 指示命令某人做某事（在第五课已经学过）
the editr sent a fax t the jurnalist instructing him t get statistics.
这位编辑给这位记者发了一份传真，指示他马上开始获取数据。
The captain knew what anther attempt wuld be made later, fr the sunken ship he was trying t find had been carrying a precius carg f gld bullin.
make (anther) attempt 再一次尝试
船长知道，今后还会另作一次尝试，因为他在设法寻找的那艘沉船装载了贵重的金砖。
Despite the message, the captain f the Elkr decided t try nce mre.
尽管有那份电报，但爱尔克号船长决定再试一次。
dispite = in spite f
try nce mre 代替 make anther attempt 为了避免重复
The seabed was scured with pwerful nets and there was tremendus excitement n bard when a chest was raised frm the bttm.
他们用了又大又结实的渔网在海底拖。当一只大箱子从海底被打捞上来时，船上的人兴奋极了。
Searching the seabed need a lt f time and energy. 所以我们用的动词是scur，语气要比seach 强烈。
重点掌握there was tremendus excitement
在正式的书面语中，我们常用there is tremendus excitement这个结构。但是在口语中，我们还是直接采用形容词excited.
Peple n bard felt excited.
There was tremendus excitement befre the game.
Thugh the crew were at first under the impressin that the lst ship had been fund, the cntents f the sea-chest prved them wrng.
虽然，开始时船员们以为沉船已经被找到，但是从海底捞起的箱子里的东西证明他们错了，
under the impressin = thinking that 认为
I’m under the impressin that he is the manager f the stre.
He is under the impressin that yu’ll help him.
What they had in fact fund was a ship which had been sunk many years befre.
实际上，他们所找到的是艘多年前的沉船。
由what引导的主语从句。
注意课文中出现的两个形容词sunk和sunken。
做定语只用sunken. 而过去分词的普通用法, 既可以用sunk也可以用sunken,一般来讲用sunk.
The ship had sunk.
a sunken ship
The chest cntained the persnal belngings f a seaman, Alan Fielding.
箱子里装着一个Alan Fielding海员的私人物品。
persnal belngings 个人所属物品
There were bks, clthing and phtgraphs, tighter with letters, which the seaman had nce received frm his wife.
有书、衣物和照片，同时还有他妻子写给他的信件。
tgether with 还有
He tgether with his classmate went t the z and they enjyed themselves.
The captain f the Elkr rdered his men t salvage as much as pssible frm the wreck.
爱尔克号船长命令船员尽可能从沉船里多打捞些东西上来。
salvage as much as pssible = salvage as much as they culd
Nthing f value was fund, but the numerus items which were brught t the surface.
虽然没有找到什么值钱的东西，但是被打捞上来的一些物件倒是颇为有趣的。
nthing f value = valuble
Very much interesting = f great interest 极有意思的
Of great imprtance = f great significance 非常重要的
f n cnsequence = f n imprtance 无足轻重的
f n interest 没有意思
numerus = cuntless
In anther sea-chest, which cntained the belngings f a ship’s fficer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written n March 14th,1943.
在另一只箱子有装着一位海军军官的东西。有一封1943年3月4日未写完的信件。
本句的主干是In anther sea-chest, there was an unfinished letter which had been written n March 14th,1943.
Which（指代chest ）cntained the belngings f a ship’s fficer = there were the belngings f ship fficer in the chest
The captain learnt frm the letter that the name f the lst ship was the Karen.
船长从这封信中知道这艘船叫卡伦号。
learn frm 从……得知
The mst valuable find f all was the ship’s lg bk, parts f which it（形式主语）was still pssible t read.
在所有打捞上来的东西中最有价值的是这艘沉船的航海日志。某些部分仍然能看清楚。
Which在句中指代lg bk，而it是形式主语，句子可以变成 parts f the lg bk it was still pssible t read.进而变成 it was still pssible t read parts f the lg bk.
Frm this the captain was able t piece tighter all the infrmatin that had cme t light.
船长可以把自己掌握的资料综合起来。
that had cme t light.做定语从句修饰infrmatin
Cme t light = becme knwn = emerge 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态）
The secret came t light after his death.
bring sth. t light = review 把……公布于众
The tw brthers review the secret.
The tw brthers brught the secret t light.
The Karen had been sailing in a cnvy t Russia when she was trpeded by an enemy submarine.
卡伦号是在执行去苏联的护航任务中，遇到敌人潜艇的鱼雷袭击。
in a cnvy 护航
under a cnvey 被护航
This was later cnfirmed by a naval fficial at the ministry f defense after the Elkr had returned hme.
爱克号回去以后，国防部的一位海军官员证实了这一点。
cnfirmed = made sure
this指代“The Karen had been sailing in a cnvy t Russia when she was trpeded by an enemy submarine.”

最好背诵第一段和牢记熟练运用第二三两自然段的重点固定句式结构。
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
正确答案：A
正确答案：B
正确答案：A
正确答案：C
正确答案：B
正确答案：D
正确答案：C
正确答案：C
正确答案：D
in the letter 在信中
in the radi message 在电报中
in the fax 在传真中10．正确答案：B
tgether with = alng with 表示还有
added t 表示被加上
including 表示包含、包括。它强调一个整体包含若干个部分，而这里是表示还有什么。
11．正确答案：C
inscribe 刻画
mark 做标记
12．正确答案：A
cme t light = emerge
arisen是arise的过去分词形式，是个不及物动词，表示产生、出现
surface 露出水面
alight 要与介词n连用，表示偶然发现My eyes alighted n the bk.
Lessn 33 A day t remember 难忘的一天
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
prelude n. 序幕，前奏
prelude与介词t搭配表示“……的前奏”
a prelude t serius truble 麻烦事的前奏
intrductin n. 导言，绪论 （连t）
intrductin t the bk
preface n. 序，前言 （连t）
frewrd n. 序 （连t）
unfreseen a. 意料之外的
fresee v. 预见，预知
fresee = see befre hand / in advance
I fresee a bright future fr yu.
freseeable a. 可预见的
freseeing a. 预料之中的
unfreseeing a. 意料之外的
fretell v. （普通用词）预言（主语可用人和物）
predict v. 预言，预示（语气比fretell强 主语是人）
He predicts that it wuld happen in ten years.
frecast v. 预测，预报
Timely snw fretells bumper harvest. 瑞雪兆丰年。
series n. 系列
series 单复数同行
常见搭配a series f
We’ve gt a series f gd harvest. 我们取得了一连串的大丰收。
chain n. 连串 连锁
a chain f 一系列
a chain f reactin
a series f reactin
chain stre 连锁店
chain reactin 连锁反应
chain smker 吸烟很严重的人
successin 侧重指时间的顺序，强调时间的连续没有间隔开
a successin f failures 一系列的失败
We’ve gt a successin f successes. 我们取得了一次又一次的成功。
string 连续不断相似的事件
a string f cars 一连串的汽车
train 一个接一个发生的事
a train f thughts /ideas 一个个的想法
catastrphe n.. 大祸，灾难
这个词强调严重，波及范围广的灾难
wrldwide ~ 世界范围的灾难
natinal ~ 波及全国的灾难
disaster n. 灾难，不幸 （比catastrphe 弱的多说明灾难，不幸的程度是可以忽略的）
calamity n.灾害，不幸事件（指令人痛心的，个人或社会的损失，往往指产生持久的广泛忧伤痛苦）
nature calamity 自然灾害
panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
panic = uncntrllable quickly spreading fear r terrr
get int a panic 陷入惊慌之中
He suddenly gt int a panic and stpped his car.
be seized/struck with panic 惊慌失措
He was seized with panic. 他突然地感到惊慌失措。
terrr n. 惊骇
hrrr n. 恐惧
fright n. 害怕
alarm n. 惊恐
stray a. 迷失的 = lst
vi. 迷失（通常与介词frm 连用）
The dg strayed frm hme.
cnfusin n. 混乱
cnfusin = cnditin ut f rder
in rder 秩序井然
ut rder 混乱
in cnfusin 乱七八糟
fall int cnfusin 陷入混乱状态
be cvered with cnfusin 局促不安
thrw sb. int cnfusin 使某人惊慌失措
devur v. 狼吞虎咽地吃
有三种意思：
1. eat like an animal 狼吞虎咽
The dg devurs the cake.
2. destry 吞灭，席卷
The flame devurs the whle building. 火把整幢楼都吞没了
3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, r mind 贪婪地看、听
His eyes devured the scene. 他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。
Text 课文
建议背出全文
We have all experienced days when everything ges wrng .
我们都曾经历过诸事不利的日子。
when 引导的定语从句修饰days
Every dg has its day. 每个人都有飞黄腾达的日子。
A day may begin well enugh, but suddenly everything seems t get ut f cntrl.
有时一天开始时可能还算顺利，但是突然间一切似乎都不可收拾了。
get ut f cntrl = uncntrllable = beynd cntrl 失控
everything seems t get ut f cntrl = everything seems t be uncntrllable / beynd cntrl
What invariably happens is that a great number f things chse t g wrng at precisely the same mment.
事情总是这样发生的：很多事情偏偏在同一时间出乱子。
由what引导的主语从句。
invariably = always
What happened yesterday was that he culdn’t deal with the ht ptat. 昨天发生的事就是他没能应付这个棘手的人。
precisely = exactly
It is as if a single unimprtant event set up a chain f reactins.
似乎一件小事情就会导致一连串的连锁反应。
a chain f reactins = a series f reactins
it is as if 似乎看起来
it seems as if 似乎看起来
it lks as if 似乎看起来
set up = cause 引起，导致，造成
What set up the accident / truble?
set up（= create） 创立，建立
set up a wrld recrd 创立一个世界记录
The unimprtant event is the prelude t truble. 不重要的事情是麻烦事的前奏。
Let us suppse that yu are preparing a meal and keeping an eye n the baby at the same time.
让我们假定你正在烧饭，同时又照看着孩子。
keep an eye n the baby 照料孩子
keep an eye n = lk after = take care f
Please keep an eye n my huse while I am ut.
keep ne’s eyes pen 睁大眼睛
When I am ut, please keep yur eyes pen.
have an eye t （如果用动词have就一定要跟介词t搭配）
keep an eye t the baby = keep ne’s eyes n the baby
eye fr eye 以牙还牙
have eyes nly fr 只要，只爱
I have eyes nly fr yu.
lk sb. in the eyes 两眼直视某人
Dn’t lk me in the eyes. 不要直直地盯着我看。
eye t eye with sb. 与某人看法完全一致
I invariably eye t eye with my sister. 我总是与我的姐姐看法一致。
turn a blind eye t sth. 对……视而不见
He even turns a blind eye t me.
make eyes at sb. 含情脉脉地看着某人
The by is making eyes at his girlfriend.
While yu are n the phne, the baby pulls the table-clth ff the table, smashing half yur best crckery and cutting himself in the prcess.
当你在接电话时，小孩把台布拉了下来，把最好的陶器打碎了一半，同时手又被割破了。
n the phne = answer the phne
注意与介词ff搭配的动词词组的意思：
pull ff 拉下来pick ff 取下来knck ff 碰落下来
smash half 摔成两半
in the prcess 在这个过程中
Yu hang up hurriedly and attend t baby, crckery, etc.
你连忙挂上电话，去照顾孩子，收拾陶器等等。
hang up = put n the receiver 挂断电话
attend t = lk after = deal with 照顾，处理
Please attend t my baby. 请照料我的孩子。
Excuse me, I have smething urgent t attend t. 请原谅，我有一件急事要处理。
As if this were nt enugh t reduce yu t tears, yur husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests t dinner.
似乎这一切还不足以使你气恼得流泪，你丈夫回来了，出乎意料地带着三个客人来吃饭。
重点句型。这是个虚拟语气。
reduce yu t tears 迫使你流下眼泪
Yu almst reduce me t tears. 你快要让我流下眼泪来了。
His cmfrting wrds almst reduced his wife t tears.
他安慰的话语让他的妻子几乎掉下了眼泪。
His answer almst reduced me t silence. 他的回答几乎让我沉默了。
The bmb reduced t the city t ruins. 这枚炸弹将这个城市化为废墟。
We can draw a cnclusin :
Everything seems t get ut f cntrl suddenly and a great number f things chse t g wrng at precisely at the mment.
Trubles never cme single. 祸不单行。
Things can g wrng n a big scale as a number f peple recently discvered in Parramatta, a suburb f Sydney.
正如许多人最近在悉尼郊区的帕兰马塔见到的那样，搞糟的时期功能可能规模很大。
n a big scale = t a great degree = t great extent
as 引导非限定性定语从句
as we knw 众所周知
As we knw, the earth is rund.
As Brane pinted ut, giving up smking is the easiest thing t d in the wrld.
As the headmaster mentined, ne is never t ld t learn.正如这位校长所提及的，活到老，学到老。
as，which都可以引导非限定性定语从句。但 as 重点突出整个句子的含义 ，而which有可能指代主句当中某个词的含义，也有可能指代整个句子的含义。
As 引导非限定性定语从句，可以用于主句之前，as和主句之间要有一个逗号分隔开来。
As we expected, Jhn was admitted t the university. 正如我们所预料的，Jhn被这所大学入取了。
As 引导非限定性定语从句，也可以用在主句之后，这时就相当于which
She married him, which was unexpected.
She married him as was unexpected.
但是在as所引导的非限定性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动语态结构，被动词可以省略。
She married him as unexpected. （was省略）
The material is elastic as shwn in the figure. 如图显示，这种材料是富有弹性的。
在这种情况下，shwn之前省略了谓语动词，这时就不能把as换成which . 如果要用which 则要补上谓语动词。
The material is elastic, which is shwn in the figure.
During the rush hur ne evening tw cars cllided and bth drivers began t argue.
一天晚上，车辆最拥挤的时候，两辆车相撞了。两位开车人争论起来。
during the rush hur 上下班的高峰期
The wman immediately behind the tw cars happened t be a learner.
原句 = it happened that the wman behind the tw cars was a learner.
紧跟在两辆车后的那位女士又碰巧是个初学开车的人（实习司机）。
happen t 恰巧
I happen t hear the news . 我恰巧听说了这个消息。
It happened that I heard abut it the day befre yesterday. 很凑巧，我是昨天听说这个事的。
This made the driver fllwing her brake hard.
这使得她后面的司机紧急刹车。
Fllwing 现在分词作定语修饰driver
As she was thrwn frward, the cake went right thrugh the windscreen and landed n the rad.
当她由于惯性向前一冲的时候，蛋糕被甩出了挡风玻璃，落到马路上。
副词right作状语，相当于straight
Seeing a cake flying thrugh the air, a lrry-driver wh was drawing up alngside the car, pulled up all f a sudden.
一个货车司机正在超车上来，看到一块蛋糕从空中掠过，于是他把车刹住。
draw up = pull up 停车
all f sudden = suddenly
The lrry was laded with empty beer bttles and hundreds f them slid ff the back f the vehicle and n t the rad.
这辆货车满载着空啤酒瓶，几百只瓶子从车子后面滑到了地上。
was laded with = was filled with
vehicle这里指的是truck，lrry
This led t yet anther angry argument.
这又导致了另外一次激烈的争吵。
lead t = cause 导致
Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind.
同时后面的车辆全停下了，堵塞了交通。
meanwhile = at the same time = at the same mment = in the meantime 与此同时
Tt tk the plice nearly an hur t get the traffic n the mve again.
警察花了近一个小时才使交通重新通畅。
get the traffic n the mve 使得车辆开动起来
n the mve = mve frm place t place 在移动之中（介词n和名词搭配表示处于某种状态或者某种动作正在进行之中）
n the rise 正在上升
n the bil 正在沸腾
n the g 正在忙碌中
n the watch 正在监视中
n the turn 正在转变中
n the run 正在逃跑中
n the fly 正在飞行中
n the increase 正在增加
n the decrease 正在减少
Only tw stray dgs benefited frm all this cnfusin, fr they greedily devured what was left f the cake.
只有两条野狗从一片混乱中得到好处，因为他们贪婪地吞噬了剩下的蛋糕。
benefit frm 从……得益
Yu can benefit a lt frm yur reading.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
正确答案：C
正确答案：B
省略as的虚拟条件句
As there had been a mre experienced driver behind the tw cars. 假如在这两辆车后面是一位有经验的司机
正确答案：A
正确答案：B
that is…是定语从句修饰event
a single unimprtant event
that is f n imprtance是修饰event，而set up是整个句子的谓语部分
正确答案：D
典型的现在分词做状语。为了使现在分词做状语比较明确，可以在现在分词前面加上while
正确答案：A
正确答案：A
如果介词短语提前到句子前面，那么句子必须采用倒装形式
正确答案：C
spending (time) ding sth.
正确答案：C
and连接的前后两个词相呼应
10．正确答案：B
get int a panic 陷入慌乱之中
in panic 在恐慌（惧）中
in terrr 在恐慌（惧）中
in fear 在恐慌（惧）中
in hrrr 在恐慌（惧）中
11．正确答案：A
slid ver 躲过He slid ver the questin withut answering it.
slip ff 滑落
12．正确答案：D 剩余的蛋糕
remain表示所剩余的部分，除此以外也表示遗体，遗址。
C选项leftver通常采用复数形式leftvers，表示吃剩的东西。
The leftvers f the meal were fed t the dg.
Lessn 34 A happy discvery 幸运的发现
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
antique n. 古董，古玩
fascinatin n. 魅力，迷惑力
= the pwer f fascinating 常与fr/ver/n连用
have fascinatin fr sb 固定句势结构
--Cats have unfailing fascinatin fr mst peple.
--Chinese Art has great fascinatin fr me.
fascinate: attract r interest very strngly 使着迷，常用被动形式
--Cats never fail t fascinate human being.
--English never fail t fascinate students.
fascinated by / with sth
--He is fascinated with chess.
--The students were fascinated by his idea.
Charm 比fascinate 语气要弱
--The beautiful picture charms me.
--I am charmed by the beautiful picture.
Captivate 迷惑，使着迷
--His idea captivated me.
Enchant 使迷惑，用魔法迷惑，使心醉，使喜悦
be enchanted by / be enchanted with
--She was enchanted by the flwer yu sent her.
Fascinate / charm / captivate / enchant 后接加ing 变成形容词
Fascinating / charming / captivating / enchanting
--She is a charming girl.
--Cats are fascinating animals.
--The flwers are enchanting.
Winning 吸引人的，主要指物品
--The beautiful dresses is winning.
Frbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的
=having a unfriendly r danger lk.
--He has gt a frbidding appearance.
--We’d better nt visit the frbidding cast.
Frbid 不允许
Frbid sb t d sth
--The father frbad his children t tuch the clavichrd.
Frbid ding sth
--Smking is frbidden here.
The Frbidden City 紫禁城
Frbidden fruit 禁果
Frbidden zne 禁区
Frbid / prhibit / interdict
Frbid : 政府或私人下令以禁止
--Swimming is frbidden here.
Prhibit: 法律条文或官方明令禁止
--The law prhibits yung peple under 18 frm ging t bar.
Interdict: 法律或教会所不允许
Muster v. 鼓起
Cllect / summn
Muster up / Cllect up / summn up = gather / pluck up / keep up 鼓起，振奋
--He mustered up his curage and walked up t the girl.
Pretentius adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
--We wn’t like t visit the pretentius shp.
Assrted adj. 各式各样的
=varius types mixed tgether
assrted / different / varius
different : 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同
--The wrd glare is different frm that wrd slare.
Varius : 各种各样的 all kinds f 强调种类不同
--We have gt varius bks.
In every part / all parts / varius parts f the wrld 在世界各地
Assrted : varius types mixed tgether
--Assrted chclates 什锦巧克力
--He bught a bag f assrted fruit.
Diverse 强调性质不同
--We have gt diverse pinin.

junk n. 破烂货，废品
rubbish / garbage / trash / junk
dealer v. 商人
businessman / trader / merchant / tradesman
dealer 侧重于零售，相当于tradesman
peddler 小贩
cherish v. 期望，渴望
=entertain r keep hpe , lve etc. in mind deeply
--she cherishes the hpe that her sn will return.
--Dn’t cherish such illusin.
--Dn’t cherish the illusin that yur father will always pay yur debts.
Amply adv. 足够地
Ample 充足而有余的
Ample / enugh
Enugh 数量，程度足够
--The bread is just enugh fr ne meal.
--He is ld enugh t g t the party.
Sufficient 只放在名词前
Enugh 可放在名词前或后
--We have sufficient fd t last ne week.
--We have enugh fd / fd enugh t last ne week.
Sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前
Old enugh / sufficiently ld
Adequate 数量和质量上的满足
--The perfrmance is adequate.
--Dn’t be wrried .They have gtten ample time.
Ample / adequate / sufficient / enugh
--Whatever yu d, yu must put yur heart int it. And then,smeday yu will be rewarded amply.

Masterpiece n. 杰作
mere adj. 仅仅的
prise v. 撬开
carve v. 镌刻
dagger n. 短剑，匕首
miniature adj. 小巧的，小型的
cmpsitin n. 构图
Text 课文
Antique shps exert a peculiar fascinatin n a great many peple.
古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。
Exert a peculiar fascinatin n sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力
Antique shps appeal t a great many peple. 古玩店很吸引人。
She shps exert a peculiar fascinatin n a great many ladies.
鞋店对于很多女士来讲，具有一种很特殊的魅力。
The mre expensive kind f antique shp where rare bjects are beautifully displayed in glass cases t keep them free frm dust is usually a frbidding place.
首先抓主干：
The mre expensive kind f antique shp is usually a frbidding place.
高档一点的古玩店往往是令人望而却步的地方。
Where 引导的定语从句修饰antique shp
Rare bjects 文物，稀有珍品 可以用Rarity 来代替。
Keep sb r sth free frm （29课）
Yu can’t keep yurselves free frm anxieties like tramps.
你是不能够像约翰一样不受烦恼的侵扰的。
We put ur bks in bkcase t keep them free frm dust.
我们把书放进书柜目的不落上灰尘。
But n ne has t muster up curage t enter a less pretentius antique shp.
The frbidding antique shp is pretentius.
二三两句包含强烈明显的对比。
The mre expensive kind f clthing shp is usually a frbidding place. But n ne has t muster up curage t enter a less pretentius clthing shp.
一种高档的服装店往往是令人望而却步的，但是当我们走进一家普普通通的不是矫揉造作的普通商店的时候却不必鼓足勇气。
There is always hpe that in its labyrinth f musty, dark, disrdered rms a real rarity will be fund amngst the piles f assrted junk that little the flrs.
人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
There is always hpe that ……
We cherish the hpe that ……
Yu must cherish the hpe that ne day yu will be amply rewarded.
Pieces f paper litter the flr. / The flr is littered with pieces f paper.
地面上到处都是纸。
N ne discvers a rarity by chance.
By chance / by accident 偶然地，偶尔地
A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and abve all, the ability t recgnize the wrth f smething when he sees it.
Dedicated / cncentrated
A truly dedicated persn.
--He is a truly dedicated schlar.
--He is a truly dedicated English learner.
Abve all : mst imprtant f all 最重要的是。承上启下。用来加强语气。
The ability t d smething
T d this, he must be at least as knwledgeable as the dealer.
T d this : in rder t discver a rarity
Like a scientist bent n making a discvery, he must cherish the hpe that ne day he will be amply rewarded.
Bent n / bent upn 决心于。 形容词短语做定语修饰scientist
--He is bent n winning the game.
--He is bent n becming a bridge player.
Be bent n ding sth / be determined n ding sth / be devted t / be engaged in
He has ften described t me hw he picked up a masterpiece fr a mere $50.
Fr 花费
A mere : nly
He fund a great deal t interest him.
He fund a lt f interesting things.
要会背这两个句型。
The mrning passed rapidly and Frank was abut t leave when he nticed a large packing case lying n the flr.
Be abut t d sth
Be abut t when ( at the mment )…….表示正要或刚要干什么，突然
--I was abut t leave when the telephne rang.
--He was abut t lck dr when his friend visited him.
The mrning passed rapidly and Frank just cme in, but that he culd nt be bthered t pen it.
Bther : truble 打扰
--Dn’t bther / truble t cme here tmrrw.
--I wuld nt like t be bthered / trubled by yu every day.
Disturb 语气更为强烈，又指心烦意乱的心理状态，有时也指严重的精神错乱。
--The news has disturbed me very much.
--It is disturbing t think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet cuntryside .
Disturbing / disturbed
Truble 在含义上介于disturb / bther之间
Apart frm an interesting-lking carved dagger, the bx was full f crckery, much f it brken.
Apart frm 除……之外，还有
=In additin t
=Except
--Apart frm a slight headache , I feel all right nw.
the bx was full f crckery, and much f it brken. 独立主格结构
Dish is dne , he begged his wife nt t sweep the flr.
--She ran int the rm , her face cvered with tears.
--He lay in bed , his face expsed.
Frank gently lifted the crckery ut f the bx an suddenly nticed a miniature painting at the bttm f the packing case.
At the bttm f 在底部
At the tp f 在顶部
Frank culd hardly cnceal his excitement, fr he knew that he had made a real discvery.
Cnceal ne’s excitement 掩饰激动心情
Make a real discvery 做出发现
The tiny painting prved t be an unknwn masterpiece by Crreggi and was wrth hundreds f thusands f punds.
hundreds f thusands f 几十万
短语 （文中有解释）
Fr a mere &50
In my neighburhd
He fund a great deal t interest him
Was abut t d when
The dealer tld him that it had just cme in , but that he culd nt be bthered t pen it
Prised it pen
Apart frm
Much f it brken
At the bttm f
Reminded sb f sth
Fr he knew that he had made a real discvery
Was wrth hundreds f thusands f punds
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1… 正确答案：B
display the kind f perseverance (展现出坚韧不拔的毅力)
过去分词做定语修饰perseveranceperseverance needed t d
2… 正确答案：B
happen t be : 恰巧
3… 答案正确：C
4… 答案正确：B
t keep them free frm dust
which引导定语从句，限定glass cases
5… 答案正确：D
rdinary =>less pretentius
it is nt necessary
6… 答案正确：
the ability
be able t d = have the ability t d
be capable f + 动名词
7… 答案正确：A
he had never been there befre……
never having been there befre
the first time t d sth 要去做某事
8… 答案正确：D
cst 的响应形式
9… 答案正确：C
in my neighburhd = near my hme
10… 答案正确：B
just … when …: 刚…就…;正在…突然
11… 答案正确：A
nail dwn : 用钉子钉住
rpe : 用绳子拴住，捆住
12… 答案正确：C
glancing at it briefly …
give sth. A brief glance
peer : 眯着眼睛看
重点习题：2 .7. 10
Changtng 编与2004-3-3
Lessn 35 Justice was dne 伸张正义
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
justice n. 正义，公正；司法
--Justice is dne. 正义得到伸张。
bring justice t the criminal. 把罪犯缉拿归案。
d justice t sb. 公正对待某人。
d neself justice. 公正对待自己。
give neself up t justice. 自首
in justice t : 为了对…公正起见
the ministry f justice 司法部
injustice 不公平，不公正
law n.法律
take law int ne’s wn hand : 无法无天
take the law f sb : 控告
at law : 在诉讼中
within the law : 合法
utside the law : 不合法
lawyer : 律师
lawful : 有法可依
lawfully adv
lawless: 没有法律的
lawlessly adv
inncence n无辜
inncent a.无辜的
undertake v.承担，着手做
undertake t d
--He undertk t infrm everyne cncerned.
--We undertake a investigatin.
承担，着手做：
start t d sth
take ff ding sth
be engaged in sth
set ut t d
set abut ding
carry n ding
perfrm sth .
…… n the way
arduus a.艰苦的，艰难的
--Studying English is a arduus jb.
us结尾的形容词
industrius a勤劳的
labrius a 劳神的，费力的，吃力的
strenuus a.费力的，精心的，须全力以付的，比arduus强烈的多，同时表示奋发的
mete ut 给予，处置
mete ut reward 进行奖励
mete ut punishment 进行惩罚
--Justice was meted ut t them. 他们得到了公正的处理。
accrd n/vi一致
in accrd with : 和……一致
ut f accrd with : 和……不一致
f ne’s wn accrd : 自然而然地
--Justice is dne f its wn accrd.
accrding t : 依据，根据
in accrdance with : 依据（法律）
premises : n. 房屋
residence : 住处，居住地，非常正式的用词
dwelling : 供人居住的地方，也是非常正式的用词
huse : 住房
husing : 房（总称）the husing prblem 住房问题
disused : a.不再用的，废弃的 disused huse 废弃的房子
misused : 弄错了的
used : 用过了的
secnd-hand : 二手的
chip v. 砍，削，凿
chip a hle 凿了一个洞
chp : 砍
chp head 砍头
Text 课文
The wrd justice is usually assciated with curts f law.
be assciated with = be cnnected with , be related t : 与…相联系
We might say that justice has been dne when a man's inncence r guilt has been prved beynd dubt.
We might say that ：我们也许会说（重点框架）一种不太肯定的口气
--We might say that justice has been dne. 我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。
beynd prep.(介词)：超出某种范围，限度，主要是和名词进行搭配
beynd dubt 无可怀疑
--He has been prved t be inncent beynd dubt. 他已经被证据确凿的证明无罪了。
beynd belief 难以相信
beynd wrds难以形容
beynd descriptin 难以描述
beynd questin 难以质疑
beynd hpe 没有希望
beynd recvery 康复无望
beynd dispute 无可争议
beynd cntrversy 无可争辩
beynd imaginatin 难以想象
beynd measure 难以衡量
beynd understanding 难以理解
beynd cmparisn 无与伦比
beynd ne’s …超出某人的…
--Yur beauty is beynd my descriptin. 你的美是我无法用言词形容的。
Justice is part f the cmplex machinery f the law.
part f ：部分, 前面没有冠词
--Only part f his stry is true. 他的话有一部分是真实的
parts f : 几部分，若干部分
--Parts f the lg bk were recgnized. 航海日志的若干部分还是能被辨认出来的.
--Large parts f the huse were destryed in the fire.房屋的大部分在火灾中烧毁了。
无论是part f还是 parts f后面都要带单数名词
Thse wh seek it, undertake an arduus jurney and can never be sure that they will find it.
那些追寻正义的人，可以说是踏上了一条漫长崎岖而且艰难的道路。
Judges, hwever wise r eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
hwever = n matter hw
There are rare instances when justice almst ceases t be an abstract cncept.
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。
There are rare instances when：在极个别的情况下。
--There are rare instances when wmen are nt equal t men.
在极个别的情况下，女士和男士是不平等的。
cease: （正式）彻底的停止，暗指动作的突然性
--His heart suddenly ceased t beat. 他的心脏突然停止了跳动。
ceased t d 与动词不定式连用
stp:（广泛，不正式）不强调方式，只强调结果
--The car suddenly stpped. 车突然停了。
Reward r punishment are meted ut quite independent f human interference.
奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的
quite independent f human interference
--形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况。
He deserves it. / It serves him right. 罪有应得
At such times, justice acts like a living frce.
在有的时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。
At such times：在有的时候
When we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting that a certain set f circumstances has enabled justice t act f its wn accrd.
当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
把握句子主干：
we are , in part , admitting that 我们部分的承认了…
enabled sb. t d 使什么能够做某事
f its wn accrd 自然而然的
When a thief was caught n the premises f large jewellery stre n mrning, the shp assistants must have fund it impssible t resist the temptatin t say 'it serves him right.'
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”
二三自然段衔接相当紧密，再次提到'it serves him right.'
…fund it impssible t resist the temptatin t say…（双否）背诵
Twards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry cming frm behind n f the walls.
快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。
cme frm behind : 从后面
--He jumped frm behind ne f the trees. 他从树后跳了出来。
As the cry was repeated several times, she ran t tell the manager wh prmptly rang up the fire brigade.
由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。
prmptly=immediately 马上
They lcated the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening fr the man's cries.
他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。
lcated the right chimney 确定那个烟囱
by tapping at the walls and listening fr the man's cries
and 连接前后形式相一致。
listen fr : pay attentin ,s as t be sure f hearing 表示集中注意力，等待听到某种声音
--We are listening fr the clck t annunce the New Year.
我们正等待新年钟声的敲响。
--I’m listening fr yur steps.
我正倾听着你的脚步声。
The srry-lking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at nce that he had tried t break int the shp during the night but had gt stuck in the chimney.
那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。
emerged：出现 = came ut , appeared
get stuck : 被卡住
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1… 正确答案：Ctake effect : 起作用要背熟题干，相当重要
2… 正确答案：Bexpect them t be f mst help (背熟这种表达方式)
I expect yu t be f mst help
3… 正确答案：B重点动词：ascertained 确定
4… 正确答案：
Hwever = n matter hw
5… 正确答案：C
6… 正确答案：
be tempted t d 被诱引去做某事
7… 正确答案：C
独立主格结构做原因状语
8… 正确答案：C
介词in与动名词搭配，表示在什么的时候，在什么的过程当中。
在同他讲话当中，我发现他有点紧张
In speaking t him, I fund him nervus.
While确实可以引导从句，但是while引导从句，分词短语和介词短语，而不能跟动名词形式搭配。在while引导的从句当中要出现的是延续性动词。
9… 正确答案：A
侧重听到了这个结果。
10… 正确答案：D
11… 正确答案：B
12… 正确答案：D
emerge (侧重于强调公布于众)：cme t light
本文表示出来
cme up : 意外发生
Changtng 编与2004-3-4
Lessn 36 A Chance in a Millin 百万之一的机会
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
credulusadj.轻信的
imprbableadj.不大可能的
bscureadj.不起眼的
maidservantn.女仆，女佣
presumev.假定
wickedlyadv.心眼坏地，居心叵测地
pltv.密谋
dwnfalln.倒台，垮台
naiveadj.天真的
unacceptableadj.不能接受的
cnspirev.(事件)巧合促成
incredibleadj.难以置信的
resemblancen.相似
scrnn.嘲弄，挖苦
acquaintv.使了解
reunitev.使团聚
assumev.假定，认为
credulus adj.轻信的 (多修饰人)
区分 credible:可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物 eg. The stry he tld us is credible.
incredulus / incredible
反义词believable以已知事实为根据 eg. He demanded fr believable explanatin.
(反)unbelievable
imprbable adj.不大可能的
bscure adj.
1)不起眼的，不出名的 eg. The bus stpped at an bscure little twn.
2)令人费解的 nt clearly An bscure figure can be seen thrugh the fg. 模糊不清的
通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.
vague:多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清
eg. what he said is vague.
maidservant n.妇女仆,女佣
presume v.假定 take sth. as true 经常用的表达方式presume that
根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断
assume 与事实不相符合 eg. Let us assume that yur wrds are fact.
suppse 最普通的用词猜想\陈述自己的看法 I suppse that it was my fault.
wickedly adv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地
plt v.密谋 一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人.
eg. The criminals were pltting t rb the bank.
cnspire 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当 犹指反叛
scheme 某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利
eg. The man is scheming fr pwer.图谋夺权.
本文中cnspire指事件巧合促成
eg. The weather and car truble cnspire t spil ur vacatin.
dwnfall n.倒台,垮台
naive adj.天真的
unacceptable adj.不能接受的
cnspire
incredible
resemblance n.相似的
like ness bear a strng resemblance t sb. r sth.
have a clse resemblance t sb. r sth.
eg. The girl bears a strng resemblance t her sister.
such a resemblance
resemble
likeness最普通的用语,比resemblance意味要强
resemblance 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似
similarity 性质\物色\程度的相似
similar t sth. sb.
scrn n.嘲弄,挖苦
短语 pur scrn n
pur cntempt n
pur ridicule n
pur heap
eg. He pured scrn n his wife's suggestin.
lk dwn upn 瞧不起，蔑视
辨析：
think scrn f
cntempt:蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱\卑鄙,语气强于scrn
despite 语气较弱,表示嘲弄 His suggestin was dismissed with scrn.
His face shwed the scrn/despite he felt.
acquaint v.使了解 be acquainted with sth.
eg. I have been acquainted with the secret.
acquaint sb. with sth.
acquaint sb. f sth.
make a persn acquainted with sb :介绍某人同另一个人认识
Let me make... acquainted with yu.
acquaintance 熟人
reunite n使团聚
assume v.假定,认为
Text 课文
a chance in a millin ne chance in a thusand可能性小
eg. It is a chance in a millin t meet yu here.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀
----He let ut a scream that must can be heard in Peru.
典型的夸张,目的是加强语气
We are less credulus than we used t be.
这是明显现在与过去的对比
eg. We are less credulus than we used t be. 我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。
are 表示现在的情况 / used t be 过去的情况
eg. We are nt s hnest as we used t be.我们不像过去那么诚实了.
谓语动词是be动词的时候用used t be,而不用used t
谓语动词是使役动词的时候用used t
eg. He wrks less hard than he used t.
In the nineteenth century, a nvelist wuld bring his stry t a cnclusin be presenting his readers with a series f cincidences – mst f them wildly imprbable.
19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束…..
破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。
Them 指一系列的巧合 而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的
bring sth. t a cnclusin 结束
eg. They decided t bring the meeting t a cnclusin.
bring sth. t a clse (比较正式的)
eg. It was brught meeting t a clse.
present sb. with sth. 给某人提供…
present sth. t sb.
Readers happily accepted the fact that an bscure maid-servant was really the her’s mther. Alng-lst brther, wh was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly pltting t bring abut the her’s dwnfall.
wickedly pltting t… ------居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来……
bring abut:产生,引起
eg. Mdern science has brught abut great changes in life.
And s n. Mdern readers wuld find such naïve slutins ttally unacceptable.
现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾
find such naive slutins ttally unacceptable 觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受
find sth. interesting 觉得什么有意思
find sb. beautiful 觉得某人漂亮
Yet, in real life, circumstances d smetimes cnspire t bring abut cincidences which anyne but a nineteenth century nvelist wuld find incredible. *牢记此句
d—加强语气,really
A German taxi-driver, Franz Bussman , recently fund a brther wh was thught t have been killed twenty years befre.
wh was thught…….
wh 所引导的定语从句修饰brther
While n a walking tur with his wife, he stpped t talk t a wrkman. After they had gne n , Mrs. Bussman cmmented n the wrkman’s clse resemblance t here husband and even suggested that he might be his brther.
he was n a walking tur………..省略了he
cmment n sth 就...作出评论\评价--remark n
Bussman夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像，甚至暗示说就是他的兄弟…
eg:I can't explain hw it is that he is still here.
be separated frm
make ne's way
Franz pured scrn n the idea, pinting ut that his brther had been killed in actin during the war. Thugh Mrs. Bussman was fully acquainted with this stry, she thught that there was a chance in a millin that she might be right.
…..她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的……..
A few days later, she sent a by t the wrkman t ask him if his name was Hans Bussman. Needless t say , the man’s name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz’s lng-lst brther. When the brthers were re-united, Hans explained hw it was that he was still alive.
……explained hw it was…..汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。
After having been wunded twards the end f the war, he had been sent t hspital and was separated frm his unit. The hspital had been bmbed and Hans had made his way back int Western Germany n ft.
Make ne’s way…力尽艰辛……….
Meanwhile , his unit was lst and all recrds f him had been destryed. Hans returned t his family hme, but the huse had been bmbed and n ne in the neighburhd knew what had becme f the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air-raid, Hans settled dwn in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.
………all recrds f him had been destryed….他所有的资料都被毁掉了
becme f :happen t :发生遭遇\不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主语必须是what或
whatever
eg. Whatever became f that girl?
Please explain what became f yu yesterday.
用assuming,而不用presuming:主观上的臆断\无事实根据的
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
What wuld a mdern reader find ttally unacceptable in a nvel tday?
答案d—Having fr a her a man nce presumed dead.
根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件
When Mrs. Bussman suggested that the wrkman might be Franz’s brther
答案c—Franz was s sure his brther was dead he did nt take her seriusly.
What did Hans Bussman d immediately after the war was ver?
答案c—He inquired after his family’s where abuts but fund n trace f them.背熟
(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)
-his readers with a series f cincidences…wildly imprbable.(lines 3-6)
答案b—which wuld be mst
A lng-lst brther, wh was presumed dead, had nt in fact died and…t bring abut the her’s dwnfall.(lines 8-12)
答案d—had been wickedly pltting.
He stpped…(line 25)
答案a—in rder t talk t a wrkman
She sent a by t ask the wrkman…(lines 25-26)
答案b—what he was called
Meanwhile his unit was lst and …had been destryed. (lines 31-32)
答案b—every recrd f his
(他所有的记录都被毁掉了)
-wh was thught t have been killed twenty years…(lines 18-19)
答案d—previusly
previusly: befre 同义 完成时的标志
Mrs Bussman tld her husband that he and the wrkman…(lines 20-21)
答案c—lked very alike
lk表示人的外貌\长相应该采用复数形式
lk alike 看起来像
-there was the …chance she might be right.(lines 24-25)
答案a—remtest
remte 既表示"遥远\偏僻的",也表示"微弱的",特别用来修饰chance
-hw it had …that he was still alive. (lines 28-29) *
答案d—cme abut
cme abut: happen
多用于疑问句,尤其是Hw des it cme abut that?结构中
补充：
一、词组
标题：a chance in a millin ne chance in a thusand可能性小
less credulus nt s gullible 不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)
we used t be we were 像我们往常那样
bring……t a cnclusin:
bring…… t an end
t a clse 把……告一结束
presenting(sb.) with ffering (sb.) with 给（人）以
a series f a train f 一系列
wildly imprbableextremely absurd 荒诞不经，十分荒唐
was presumed was suppsed 人们以为
all the time all the while 一直
pltting t cnspiring t 图谋
bring abut (ne's ) dwnfall=bring abut(ne's) failure
把（人）搞垮，叫别人日子不好过
and s n and s frth,等等，诸如此类的事
cnspire t bring abut cnspire twards
不期而然地发生，导致……许多事凑在一起，引起了，合力促成
was thught t have原来人们认为已经was believed t have
n a walking tur 徒步旅行 n a walking excursin
stpped t talk t停下来然后向……讲话=stpped walking and talked t
cmmented nmade bservatins n 置评，评论
clse resemblance tgreat likeness t 酷像
pured scrn n scffed at 嘲笑
pinting ut that indicatin clearly that明白指出，说道……
killed in actin fallen in battle阵亡
was acquainted with 熟知，熟悉 was familiar with
needless t say 不用说 it ges withut saying , it is a matter f curse
hw it was that 怎么会……怎么搞的……=hw(跟主语) came 或hw it came that……
(be) wunded be injured 受伤
was separated frm 隔绝，失去联系 was ut f tuch with, lst tuch (cntact) with
made his way back int=went his way back int/t 返回
n ft by walking 步行
family hme ld hme, hme twn 老家
in the neighburhd在街坊邻里 in the residential district
what had becme f 变为什么样子，变成什么样的一种现状（命运，结果）= what had happened t (或befallen)
assuming that presuming that 料想
settled dwn定居 established ne's residence
ever since 打那以后 the whle perid frm sme specified time.
二、关于cnspire t
(有一种这样的含意：许多事，情况或人凑在一起造成了……) 后接V
1) Events cnspire t bring abut great difficulties fr gvernment
2) They cnspire t bring abut the meeting f the tw peple.
3) They cnspire t make it a success.
4) The bad weather cnspired with a dirty htel t make my hliday a resunding failure.
三、表达法对比
a) Hans explained hw it was that he was still alive.
hw things happened that he was still alive.
the whle stry f his being still alive.
b) cnspire t bring abut 可写成 cnspire twards(合力促成)
cnspire against(凑在一起反对)
例：一切事情都和我作对
All things cnspire against me.
一切因素都促成那种结果。
All things cnspire twards that result.
c) a例所示 hw it was,是说“原委”，“事情之究竟”。所以我们说“原来是这样”，就可写成S that's hw it is.
Lessn 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
1. Express n.快车；a..高速的
Express way 高速公路 / Express train快车
Stpping/lcal train慢车
Special express特快 / Thrugh express 直快
2. Punctual a. 准时的( = neither early nr late )
Be punctual in ding sth在做。。。事方面相当准时
--In the mdern sciety, we must be punctual in what we are ding .
Be punctual t the minute 非常的准时
--He is a man wh is punctual t the minute.
副词：Punctually
反义词：Unpunctual
名词： Punctuality
3. Cnditin vt.使习惯于(=Frm a habit in)
--Sciety has cnditined each ne f us. 这个社会已经使我们大家都适应了。
Be cnditin t
--Each ne f us has been cnditined t sciety.
--the plants have been cnditined t the cld weather here.. ( plant 做主语)
--The cld weather has cnditined the plants here. (cld weather 做主语)
n. 条件
n cnditin that在……条件下如果
n n cnditin在任何情况下都不 (用在句首句子必须采用倒装)
--On n cnditin must yu be late. 在任何情况下都不能迟到。
in gd/bad cnditin情况良好(不好)
change ne’s cnditin 结婚
in the interesting cnditin 怀孕=pregnant
4. unshakable a. 不可动摇的
5. faith n.信任=strng belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心
keep faith with sb 对某人守信用
put ne’s faith in sth对……有信心
n the faith f 在……保证下，凭……信用
词汇比较：
faith 深信不疑，信仰(比belief 程度更重一些)
belief 可信赖，可接受
cnvictin坚定的信念
trust 相信，依赖
credit 完全相信
--I have full credit in yur ability t d this jb.
6. cancel v.取消
--we have t cancel the appintment.
词汇比较：
Call ff 取消，解除 (可以替换cancel)
Ablish 废除
--The law was ablished.
Rescind 撤销，废止,比ablish正式
Write ff 注销，勾销
--Write ff the name. 注销这个名字。
Crss ut 划掉
--The wrd here is useless, please crss it ut.
7. exceptinally adv. 例外地
8. dislcate v. 打乱(计划等)
9. blame v. 责怪
10. cnsult v.请教，查阅
11. direct adv.径直地
12. dda.奇怪的，异常的
13 reflect vt细想，深思熟虑=cnsider carefully
Reflect n sth
--He’s reflecting n his idea.
Reflect upn neself 反省
--Smetimes we need reflect upn urselves.
第二种意思： 反射
--She lks at herself reflected in the water.
14. Advantage n.优势,长处
Take advantage f sb 欺骗某人并利用
Take advantage f sth 利用某事
--We must take advantage f what we can use.
Of great/n advantage t sb/sth对。。。大有益处/毫无益处
--Smking is f n advantage t yu.
T advantage 更有效地
--Yu shuld use the mney t advantage.
T ne’s advantage =t the advantage f sb 对某人有利
Have advantage ver sb胜过某人，比某人有优势
词汇比较：
Interest 个人的利益，好处
--It’s t yur interest t give up smking
Benefit通过正当手段谋求的好处
--Ding exercises will benefit us a lt.
Prfit金钱上的获利
Gd个人或集体的利益
15. mighty a. 强大的，有力的
16. dawdle v. 慢吞吞地动或做
17. chug v.咔嚓咔嚓的响
18. Ldge v.提出=make a statement fficially ，比make 更正式
Make/ldge cmplaint提出抱怨
19. cmplaint v.抱怨
20. triumph v.胜利
21. asterisk n.星号
22. cnduct v.引导，指向
Text 课文
We have learnt t expect that trains will be punctual.
这是文章中的第一句话，大家一定要牢记它，并掌握这个句子的主干：
have learnt t expect that …… 已经习惯于期待……
--We have learnt t expect that all friends will be helpful in need f danger.
After years f cnditining, mst f us have develped an unshakable faith in railway time-tables.
(1). 介词f 后接动名词形式，意为：经过多年的适应.
(2). Develp an unshakable faith in sth.对于……形成了一种不可动摇的信念。
(3)全句译文：经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。
--We have learnt t expect that parents are quite able, after years f pre-cnditining all f us have develped such unshakable faith. 我们已经习惯于期待父母总是能干的，经过多年的适应，我们每个人都已经养成了这样一个不可动摇的信念。
--Mst f us have develped an unshakable faith in ur teachers.
On time = punctual a. 准时的
Only an exceptinally heavy snw fall might temprarily dislcate railway services.
Exceptinally = unusual / uncmmnly 不同寻常的，特别的(用于加强语气)
译文：只有那种特别大的暴风雪才有可能暂时打乱铁路计划。
Dislcate railway services = put railway services ut f rder
It is all t easy t blame the railway authrities when smething des g wrng.
When smething des g wrng. 当事情出现差错时
It is all t easy t blame the railway authrities. 我们总是去责备铁路当局。
T .. t 结构中，在t之前出现了all, nly, but, nt等词时，t 后的从句就有肯定意义。
--He is but t eager t get hme. 他太急于要回家了。
--One is never t ld t learn. 活到老学到老。
--I’m all/but t glad t have smene t speak t.
They are mre likely t be urs than theirs.
译文：很可能是我们自己犯下的错误而不是铁路当局的。
Ours = ur mistakes. Theirs = their mistakes.
句型：be likely t d 有可能…
--He is likely t arrive tmrrw evening.
--Yu are likely t get success if yu wrk hard.
与likely(有可能的) 有关的句型：
be likely t d
It is likely that……
--It is likely that he arrives here in time. 他及到达这里是有可能的。
词汇比较：
1. prbable 与likely 意思相通，但是不能与不定式形式搭配。可以用：It is prbable that …
--It is prbable that he arrives here in time.
prbable 表示的可能性比pssible 表示的可能性要大，与likely基本相同。
2.pssible 表示可能发生或可能不发生，也可以用句型：It is pssible that …
--It is pssible/prbable that he will speak t yu.
--It is pssible fr us t finish the wrk in an hur.
After cnsulting my railway time-table
After cnsulting 是介词+动名词构成的时间状语，=after I had cnsulted my timetable.
G direct frm … t … 从哪儿径直到哪儿。
--The train ges direct frm shanghai t Beijing.
At this time, this did nt strike me as dd.
译文：这个时候，这件事情并没有让我感到惊讶。
Strike sb as 给某人以印象，使某人感到
--The activity struck me as wasting time. 这次活动给我的印象就是浪费时间。
As 后面可以接分词，名词，形容词。
I reflected that there must be a great many peple besides myself wh wished t take advantage f this excellent service.
I reflected : 我想
Besides me = in additin t me 除我之外
Hld up = hld back / hinder / prevent 妨碍，阻碍
It suddenly dawned n me that this express was nt raring dwn the line at ninety miles an hur, but barely chugging alng at thirty.
Dawn n sb. = becme gradually knwn by sb 渐渐的被某人所明白
Barely = nly
But he had nt even heard f it.
Hear f = hear abut
Denied the train’s existence 否认存在
There was a nte f triumph in my vice when I tld him that it was there in black and white.
A nte f = a tne : 在我的声音里面存在着一种胜利的口吻。
In black and white 白纸黑字
A tiny asterisk cnducted me t a ftnte at the bttm f the page. It said:’ This service has been suspended.’
Cnduct me t = lead me t
Suspend = delay 暂停
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
Cmprehensin 理解
1… 正确答案：B
by rail = by train
2… 正确答案：C
at the speed f 以…的速度
express train 特快列车
3… 答案正确：A
cmplain abut; cmplain f 抱怨
注意句子：The train scheduled as an express train having in fact been a slw ne.
Scheduled as an express train 修辞 the train，做它的后置定语。
Having in fact been a slw ne 与train 构成独立主格结构。
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
Structure 结构
4… 答案正确：B
expect 的用法：
expect sth/sb t d
5… 答案正确：C
注意：might 在 railway services 之前，是明显的倒装表示。
需采用倒装形式的几种情况：
A) nly 所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装。
B）if 条件句，如果if 省略，were 要前置。
--Were it t snw = If it were t snw. 这是虚拟语气条件句的用法。
6… 正确答案：A
in a mere hur and seventeen minutes 在1小时17分钟内
7… 正确答案：D
因为still, 所以答案为d.
如果选择a) befre we had ,则应去掉 still t. 即：befre we had cvered half the distance.
8… 正确答案：C
十分有礼貌的表达方式，且与asked 形式呼应。
Vcabulary 词汇
9… 正确答案：D
held up = delay
halt 停止
retard 防止
slw up 减慢
10… 正确答案：D
as sn as I arrived = immediately n arrival
11... 正确答案：B
注意：主句中I 做主语
a选项，则nting 与主句中的主语 I 不相符合。
b选项，sunding 是现在分词做状语说明修辞I 的情况
12… 正确答案：A
take anther lk 再看一眼
review 复习
verlk 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督
Lessn 38 The first calendar 第一本日历
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
calendar n.历法，日历
Calender n.轮压机
histrian n.历史学家
histric adj.有历史意义的
-- This is a histric speech.
histrical adj.与历史研究有关系的
-- Histrical research 历史研究
unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二,
=uneauqaled speech is a unique human ability
-- 本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受quite,nearly,surely,really ，不能接受rather,very等词的修饰
special adj. 注重性质 特殊
especial adj.强调超过其它 全部
-- This is a matter f especial imprtance.
-- This is a especially imprtant matter.
particular adj.特定的
--Pineapples have particular flavur.
exceptinal adj.
extrardinary adj.
-- The warm weather is exceptinal fr January.
steadily adv.不断地
slely adv.唯一地
vide n.录像
CD-ROM n.光盘驱动器
bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱
= cnfuse,especially by lts f different things at the same time
-- She was bewildered by s many beautiful dresses.
puzzle 某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解，既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态。
-- I am puzzled by the prblem.
perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）,多用于被动语态。
-- He is perplexed fr the answer.
bewilderment n.
in bewilderment 茫然不知所措
deduce v 推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）
= determine r decied sth by given fact
-- I deduce the cnclusin frm the given facts. (deduce……frm 从……推断)
infer v.推断（不表示过程, 也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）
-- What can yu infer frm the text?
反义词：
-- induce v.归纳
scanty a.不足的，贫乏的
= t few,nt enugh
-- scanty knwledge一知半解
-- a scanty crp歉收
-- be scanty f sth奇缺 / be shrt f 短缺
-- The village schl is scanty f text bks.这乡村学校奇缺教材。
be want f 需要
in need f 需要
clue n.线索
insignificant adj.不重要的
shed v.使流出，泻
= pur ut
-- shed tears泪流满面
-- shed light发光
-- shed light n sb启发，启迪
-- shed ne’s bld fr cuntry为祖国而流血
-- shed ne’s clthes脱去衣服
advent :出现，到来，来临,经常与the 搭配，只要指节气，重要发展的到来，来临。
= cming r arrival
-- at the advent f winter在冬天到来的时候
-- since the advent f 自从……的到来
agriculture n.农业assumptin n.假定，设想
dt n.小圆点symbl n.符号
engrave v.雕刻ivry n.象牙制品
mammth n.长毛象tusk n.獠牙，长牙
nmad n.游牧民crrelate v.使相互联系
phase n.月相，天相primitive adj.原始的
depict v.描绘，描画
Text 课文
They will hardly knw which facts t select frm the great mass f evidence that steadily accumulates.
Select…frm从中进行选择
Chse 挑选（凭个人意愿），它不仅强调做这个决定的行动，而且强调最后的决定。
有三种情况二者不能互换：
当在两者中选一个时只能用chse, 即chse between
-- We have t chse between leaving early and paying fr taxi.
chse 可带wh从句
-- I`ll let yu chse where we shuld g t eat.
chse t d 只能用chse
其二 select比chse更正式
What is mre they will nt have t rely slely n the written wrd.
what is mre 更有甚者，起到承接上下文的作用,是furthermre,mrever的意思
what is wrse 更糟糕的是
rely n = cunt n = depend n 依靠、指望
-- yu can`t rely n thers.
-- He can`t be relied n / depended n / cunted n.
slely adv.唯一地
=nly , just , nearly
They will be able, as it were, t see and hear us in actin.
in actin 行动中的，活动中的
as it were 可以说，似乎，好象，是一个插入语，在语法上是一个独立成分，可以用于任何时态语句中。
-- He is as it were a walking dictinary. 他可以说是一本活字典。
-- Cmputers can never as it were lead independent lives. 电脑不能过独立的生活。
As it is = in fact = in reality = actually = as a matter f fact 事实上
-- I thught things wuld get better,but as it is ,they are getting wrse.
-- In many ways children live as it were in a different wrld frm the adults.
在许多方面，孩子可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。
But the histrian attempting t recnstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
be faced with 面临
= be in the psitin in which ne must deal with a prblem r unpleasant situatin
-- Autmbile industry is faced with a bad future nw.
-- A great many peple are faced with lsing their jbs.
-- In my pinin,yu are faced with a prblem as it were hw t get enugh time t study English.
文中attempting t recnstruct the distant past现在分词修饰the histrian，所以句子可转换为：
But the histrian wh is attempting t recnstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
-- The student attempting t learn Eghlish well in a year is faced with a difficult task.
He has t deduce what he can frm the few scanty clues available.
available adj.可利用的
-- I have a dictinary available fr yu .
-- is there a place available fr us t have a chat?
-- I knw yu are in need f a help,but excuse me,I dn`t have any students available fr yu.
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light n the histry f early man.
remains = ruins 遗迹，遗物
insignificant = unimprtant 不重要的
shed light n = thrw light n = cast light n解释，说明，揭示
= make a matter clear r understd
-- This infrmatin shed light n the prblem.
-- Can yu shed light n the case f the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？
-- She will shed light n the case f stlen jewels.
Up t nw, histrians have assumed that calendars came int being with the advent f agriculture, fr then man was faced with a real need t understand smething abut the seasns.
up t nw = s far 到目前为止
cme int being = cme int existence 产生，出现
cme int 的用法：
-- cme int pwer 上台
-- cme int use 开始使用
be faced with a real need t d sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要
-- We are faced with a real need t learn English well.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
Cmprehensin
1… 正确答案：B 根据课文内容选择
2… 正确答案：D 同上
3… 正确答案：A 同上
Structure
4… 正确答案：D
用将来时态才与原文相符合
5… 正确答案：C
原句中缺少主语，由what 引导一个简单句做主语从句
6… 正确答案：B
cde 指 the markings ；现在分词做状语
7… 正确答案：C
强调二者之间有联系，故排除A，而C选项表示有可能联系，语气不肯定，符合题目要求。
Vcabulary
8… 正确答案：B
puzzle ut:t find answer by thinking hard
9… 正确答案：A
同义词
10… 正确答案：A
令人费解的：puzzling ;符号signs 代替了cde,而不是singal,singal 表示信号。
11… 正确答案：C
A选项，cme t 必须接动词原形，如cme t recrd / cme t exist
C 选项 ，cme int existence(existence n.)
12… 正确答案：A
nmands:mve frm place t place
Lessn 39 Nthing t wrry abut 不必担心
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Rugh a崎岖不平的=n smth
Be rugh n sb对某人苛刻、无礼
Dn’t be rugh n yur friends.
Cut up rugh 发脾气
We’d better nt take the rugh rad.
Perturb v.使不安=very upset
Be perturbed abut sth
His threats didn’t perturb her in the least.
Disturb 并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多
It is disturbing t think that a wild animal is still at large in the quite cuntryside.
Plague 病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼
The terrible disease plagued him.
Truble 搅扰别人的安宁，舒适等
Srry t give yu truble./srry t truble yu.
Wrry 表达不安的心情到了忧虑的程度
He is wrried abut his sn’s safety.
Fret 持续的忧虑、哀伤或焦急，表示烦燥的心情
He freted himself all the time fr news f her.
Upset 内心忐忑不安
I feel upset nw because I am afraid I hurt yu.
Dismay 使沮丧
Scp v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出
She scped ut sme suger.
Make a scp走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻
That guy made a scp.
Ominusly adv有预兆地
Ominus adj
Lk at thse minus black cluds.
Omen n./v预示着，预兆
This is a gd/bad men
The cluds men rain.
Rip v.用力地撕开=Tear
Rip the letter pen
Rip ne’s mask away.
Let things rip:=let things be
Rip int攻击
Rip ff 偷窃
Rip up the back 背后说坏话
Stretch n.一大片
A stretch f land
A stretch f water
At a stretch连续地，不停顿地
We wrked fr hurs at a stretch.
We drve fast n a stretch f pen field.
He is unable t wrk fr lng stretches.他不能连续地工作。
A stretch f hills
也可作动词，
stretch ut伸出；到了极限
He stretched ut his hand t get the apple.
There are frests stretching fr hundreds f miles.
Transprt was rather stretched in the Spring Festival.
Obstacle n.障碍
Lack f educatin is an bstacle t success.
Cnstitute an bstacle t 构成……障碍
Remve/vercme an bstacle克服障碍
Put bstacle in sb’s way妨碍某人的发展
Obstacle t
Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admissin/damage + t 一起使用
Obstructin 障碍物，阻塞通道的东西
There must be an bstructin in the pipe.
Hindrance 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展
Yu are mre f hindrance than help.
Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况
grind v.摩擦
Grind wheat int flur
Grind sth t pieces
Grind ne’s teeth in anger
Halt n.（暂时的）停=stp
They halt fr a few minutes.
Stp 最普通的用语，可代替cease(frmal),halt
Cease 非常正式的用词，表示中止
The heart will cease t beat when life ceased.
Pause 暂停
He paused fr a breath.
Halt又表示名词Cme t a halt/stp
Text 课文
get sb t d sth :persuade/advise sb t d
Please get them t finish the wrk as quickly as pssible.
Please get hi t give up smking.
be littered with 布满
be pitted with hles 坑坑洼洼
even thugh :even if
nt in the least: nt at all /nt a bit / nt the least bit 一点也不
反：nt a little = very much
by n means /in n way /n n accunt /at n times /under n circumstances 绝不
a mere:: nly
It was nt (t say)……..
dusty track = dusty rad 尘土飞扬的路面
lk back 回头看
we lking back, wndering (从句做伴随状况语) if we were leaving a trail f il an d petrl behind us.
give way t 为……所代替
The great cluds gradually brke up and give way t blue sky.
He has n intentin f giving way t yur demands.
In respnse t: in reactin t
Hardly……..
He had hardly had time t settle dwn when he sld the huse.
Befre he had hardly had time t settle dwn, he sld the huse.
We had hardly had time t wrry abut what might happen when we were back n the plane again.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
Cmprehensin
N.1 C
It seemed less likely that……
Meet with disaster
N.2 A
In respnse t renewed pleadings, Bruce stpped.
N.3 AHe was nt the srt f persn t be perturbed by anything.
Structure
N.4 D
Believe sb./sth./that/in
N.5 A
What 感叹句的主题词是名词
Hw 感叹句的主题词是形容词
N.6 D
N.7 B
Run ut f
Vcabulary
N.8 C
N.9 A
Hinder = bstacle
N.10 C
N.11 B
N12 C旧版笔记
bumpy /washbard +rad
I’m a rugh diamnd. 内秀
问路
Where is the hspital? Can yu direct me t ..?
Hw d I get t .. What is the clsest way t..?
Bear left, when yu came acrss the frk.
run acrss
I run acrss an ld friend in the street. 碰巧遇到
get sb t d = persuade sb t d sth
get sth dne (get ft spiked)
get sth dng = begin t d sth
I need yu prfessinal advice.
Any suggestins?
We are hungry f ideas.
Why nt try this way?
N pint in trying.
even thugh he is wealthy +he is nt satisfied.
wealthy as he is
N matter hw wealthy he is
hw ever
regard less f hw wealthy he is
Be he ever wealthy
Let him be wealthy
Fr all he
with all his wealthy
in spite f the fact that
despite the fact that
He was nt in the least wrry.
I was +nt in the least /by n means /nt bit /nt the fewest(infrmal) +surprised at the news.
a mere = nly a mere + exact number
He ften described me hw he picked up the painting fr a mere 5 dllars.
It is nt that … (that)……
It is nt that I am nt satisfied but that I have my wn business t attend t.
N that I dislike the wrk, but I have n time t d it.
I have nbdy t cmplain f except myself.
I have yet t receive yur reply.我还没有收到你的回音。
He is as gd a swimmer as any f us.
The new cntainer hlds 10 times as much as the ld ne.
cry ver a nvel 看小说落泪
give ver his misfrtune
rejice ver 高兴
Talk ver a cup f cffee.
It’s n use crying ver split milk.
Thse days are lng gne.
He’s strlling dwn the memry lane.
It’s just like yesterday.
I wish I culd turn back the ld days.
Old slders never die., they just fade away.
Stream trains give way t electric trains.
Ice and snw give way t warm weather.
When the wind changes.
The hand that rcks cradle,= mther
The news is welcme by students immediately.
The slutin finds a immediate welcme away students.
impediment发展过程中的障碍
barrier 不可逾越的障碍bstacle
Lessn 40 Wh's wh真假难辨
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
hax n.骗局，戏弄
play a hax/trick n sb. 戏弄
play a jke n sb. 开玩笑
The by student is thinking hw t play a hax n his classmate.
deceptin n.欺骗，指无关紧要的欺骗，有时也指利已的不诚实行为
She referred t the pills as sweet, s the harmless deceptin made it easy fr her child t take them.
deceit 强调一个人对另一个的故意欺骗
We are incapable f deceit.
fraud 复杂的对于公众的欺骗行为，着重指官方的欺骗或财政舞弊
trickery 语气上比deceptin严厉，着重指有步骤的诡计以追求私利
He had gained cntrl f the cmpany by trickery.
self-respecting a.自重的
indulge v.使沉迷
He indulged himself in smking and drinking.
indulge neself in
be indulged in
He was indulged in smking and drinking.
indulge的第二个语义是“纵容”
She indulges her nly sn.
pneumatic a.气动的
drill n.钻
silly a.无意义的，无聊的
flish 强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的
I remnstrated him nt t d anything flish.
Silly 表示无意义的，无聊的，无知的
Being called silly is nt cmpliment.
Dn't play such a silly play.
stupid 强调人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，及一般的智能（主要指天生迟钝）
His sn is as stupid as all.
dull 指理解迟钝，或健康状况不佳、工作过度而导致的缺乏敏锐的头脑
The ld man's hearing has becme dull.
She is a dull girl.表示人很呆
advance a.n.预先的，事先获得的
advance infrmatin 预先获得的信息/ in advance 提前
archway n.拱形门楼
remnstrate v.规劝，告戒（非常正式的用词）
remnstrate sb. t d sth.
irnically adv.讽刺地
permissin n.许可
ask sb. fr permissin
give/grant sb. permissin
grant v.同意，准予
Text 课文
Key structures
It has never been explained why he seems t enjy ding it.
specialize in
He specialized in bilgy after graduatin.
except the victims/ but the victims
tear up=destry
take sb. seriusly 严肃对待
be t d结构
1. shuld
2. must
3. intend
Such a private thing shuld be avided.
Such a private thing is t be avided.
N students must leave schl withut the permissin f the plice.没有警察的允许，谁都不准离开。
N students are t leave schl withut the permissin f the plice.
We intend t start a wrk next week.
We are t start a wrk next week.
be grateful t sb. fr sth.
that went n=that happened
as he pleased 随他的意愿做
fur mre=anther fur
fiercely=strngly
at this 听到
At the wrds, he gt angry.听到这话，他生气了。
With the wrds, he left the rm angrily.说完这话，他生气地离开了房间。
pinted ut irnically 讥讽地指出
hardly be necessary 大可不必
under与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念
under discussin/arrest/repair
make a telephne call 打一个电话
nly引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，以及条件状语从句在句首时，句子要倒装。
Lessn 41 Illusins f Pastral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
illusin：n. 幻想，错觉
under illusin that/under the impressin that
eg: I am under the impressin that yu are hnest.
He still lives under the illusin that cuntry life is superir t twn life.
He lives under that illusin that cuntry life is superir t twn life.
with live under the illusin
eg: I am under the illusin that he will help me every day.
under n illusin that: 没有…幻想
eg: We live under n illusin that cuntry is beautiful.
have illusin abut/have n illusin abut: 对…不报有幻想
delusin: 幻想，幻觉。侧重于强调精神病人无中生有的幻觉
eg: He is under the delusin that smebdy will kill him tmrrw.
He lives under the delusin that he will be killed smetime.
visin: 对美好未来的想象，憧憬
eg: I live under the visin that I have a bright future
从词根扩展词型：
illusined: adj. 充满幻想的
eg: The wrld f children is illusined.
illusinary: adj.错觉的，幻觉的
eg: Dn’t believe in him. What he said is illusinary picture.
illusive: adj. 虚假的，不可靠的
eg: what he described was illusive.
What he described was illusive. Dn’t depend n him any mre.
imagine / imaginary / imaging
eg: I can nt imagine building the Great Wall.
imaginary: 虚构的
eg: The stry is imaginary. D nt be taken in.
imaginative: 富有想象力的
eg: Children are mre imaginative than adults.
unimaginative: 缺乏想象力的
imaginable: 能够被想象的出的，用在修饰的名词后面
eg: This is the idea / way imaginable.
pastral：adj. 田园诗的
eg: pastral piece：田园般的宁静
breed (bred, bred)：vt. 培育
breed / raise / bring up / rear
breed: 1.书面用语，表示raise,表示饲养宠物. breed 较raise 更为正式
eg: raise / breed pets
raise / breed dgs
D yu raise dgs?
N, I d nt think I have enugh time t keep an eye n dgs.
2. 表示bring up,把sb. 培养成人 educate
eg: As mther, yu must breed gd manners int yur child. 作为一个目前，你必须培养孩子良好的举止和习惯。
rear: vt. 培养sb. 饲养pets
eg: I must rear the child because I have the duty.
He rears / raise /breeds tw dgs.
在口语中，推荐使用raise/rear, 在书面语言中，使用breed。
3． breed = cause/lead t/result in/give rise t
eg: War breeds misery and ruin.
Yur careless bred the accident.
breed in and in / breed ut and ut 近亲结婚，同种繁殖/非近亲结婚，异种繁殖
rapture：n. 欣喜若狂 / great jy / delight
in raptures
eg: At the news, they are in raptures.
At the news, they are greatly delighted.
in raptures ver / abut sth. 对…欣喜若狂
eg: I am in raptures abut the new bk.
g int raptures: feel delighted感到非常高兴
eg: He went int raptures when he heard the gd news.
g int raptures ver/abut/at sth. 对…感到非常高兴
jy / happiness
eg: We have a gd time and we are full f happiness.
rapture>delight>jy
在口语中，建议使用delight
delight: n. v. 使高兴，使喜悦
delighted: adj.
eg: I feel delighted./ I am in raptures.
ecstasy: 狂喜，出神
enchant: v/enchantment: n. 出身，魅力
eg: He was enchanted in thughts.
elatin: 兴高采烈，得意洋洋
eg: He has gt the feeling f elatin.
bliss: 极乐,无上的幸福。
eg: Nthing in the wrld can make yu happier than bliss.
Recently, a sund sleep is my bliss.
glee: 高兴，欢欣，常用于文学，诗歌中
必须掌握的词汇：
rapture /in raptures /g int raptures / jy / happiness / delight / enchantment / elatin / bliss / glee
extl：vt. 赞美，颂扬,书面= praise
eg: I can nt find a gd wrd t praise yu/yur ability.
I want t extl(高歌) the virtues pf human beings
cmpliment: 恭维
eg: D yu always cmpliment yur friends?
appleplisher: 拍马屁的人
exalt: 赞扬，歌颂，吹捧
eg: Yu disgust me. Why d yu extl such a stupid persn?
laud: 赞美，书面语
eg: I want t d nthing but laud yu.
What d yu want t laud me?
I want t laud yu beauty, ability, and yur wealth.
extl / praise / cmpliment / exalt / laud
1. superir：adj. 优越的，没有比较级和最高级，只能是原形 = better than the average
be superir t: 比sb. / sth.更加优越
eg: In my pinin, twn life is superir t cuntry life.
interir: 比…低，不如…
eg: Twn life is interir t cuntry life.
2. senir: 高级的，年长的
eg: senir high schl: 高中
junir: 年幼的,下级的，下属的
3． psterir: 后于…
prir: 先于…
inferir: 不如…
eg: This jb is prir t that ne.
f n cnfidence / imprtance / significance: 无足轻重
eg: This wrk is f n significance. It shuld be inferir t that ne.
cckcrw：n. 鸡叫
twitter：v. （鸟）吱吱叫，嘁嘁喳喳叫
glint：v. 闪烁
flash: 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，如：手电筒的光，镜子的光线
eg: Lighthuse is flashing in the distance.
glim: 透过某种媒介而闪现的微弱的光线，如，透过大雾
eg: Thugh the fg, we saw a lighthuse glimming.
glint: 闪烁，由于迅速闪烁的微弱的光 = shine fr a mment
eg: The sun glinted thrugh the leaves.阳光透过叶缝闪着微弱的光芒
glisten: 潮湿的物体上反射的光泽和光辉
eg: The white snw glistened in all the clrs f rainbw.
flicker: 表示蜡烛。油灯在即将熄灭的时候的摇曳不定的光
eg: On the cld night, I sat in frnt f the nly candle which was flickering.
pasture：n. 牧场
idyllic：adj. 田园诗的
eg: He is leading an idyllic life
virtually：adv. 几乎，差不多
dubius：adj. 可疑的，怀疑的 = dubtful / uncertain / questinable / suspicius / sceptical
be dubius abut / f对…不肯定,表示怀疑的dubtful / uncertain
suspect: 表示一种肯定的怀疑，猜疑的
eg: I dubt whether he stle the car.
Cats are suspicius f human beings.
I am dubtful f yur ability.
I am dubius abut yur ability.
questinable: 提出质疑的，不肯定的，值得争议的
eg: This is a questinable cnclusin / decisin.
sceptical: 怀疑论的
eg: Yur idea is sceptical.
privilege：n. 特权
misery：n. 苦难
acquaintance：n. 熟人
treat：n. 难得的乐事，享受
be ne’s treat: 请客吃饭
eg: Let’s g t have dinner. It’s my treat.
treat sb. t dinner
eg: It is pleasure t treat yu t dinner.
stand treat
eg: I stand treat. 做东
treat sb. as…
eg: I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. = talk with sb.
eg: I can nt bring it t a cnclusin. I want t treat with yu.
treat f sth. sb. = speak f, talk f
eg: we speak /treat f tramps cntemptuusly.
Having a dinner with yu is my treat.
dweller：n. 居住者
stagger：v. 摇晃，蹒跚
extic：adj. 导乎寻常的，外来的
glw：n. 白炽光
descend：v. 下落，降临（书面用语）
eg: Darkness descends very sn because winter is cming.
从…上传下来descend frm…
eg: The watch descend frm his grandfather.
突然的到访，突然的袭击descend n/upn
eg: He lked me up suddenly.
He called n me suddenly.
He visited me suddenly.
Yesterday, my best friend descended n me.
传给谁… descend t… descend frm sb. t sb.
eg: The watch is descend frm grandfather t grandsn.
ascend: 上升
eg: The aerplane is ascending at tremendus speed.
tuck: v. 缩进，隐藏
bstinately：adv. 固执地，顽固地,不容易被改变
bstinate: adj. = stubbrn 倔强
eg: If yu are an bstinate persn, nbdy can change yur mind.
He is a stubbrn persn, he insists n finishing what he wants t d.
Dn’t try t persuade him because he is an bstinate persn.
persistent: 固执己见
eg: If yu always fllw yur friends arund, I shuld say, yu are a persistent persn.
strng-minded: 顽强的，意志力顽强的
eg: If yu are a strng minded persn, yu can d everything well.
as stubbrn as a mule: 倔强如牛
Text 课文:
Illusins f Pastral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
The quiet life f the cuntry（the quiet cuntry life） has never appealed t me. （背诵）在论述好处坏处的时候，应该在第一句话时救应该表达个人的意见。组织一篇议论文时，主要有三段：开头段、支持段和结尾段。在开头段中的第一句话或是最后一句话讲明观点。 City brn and city bred. （独立主格结构，as I was brn and bred in a city）
I have always regarded the cuntry as (think f … as… / refer t … as) smething yu lk at thrugh a train windw, r smething yu ccasinal visit during the weekend. (扩展句进行说明你的观点)。Mst f my friends live in the city, yet （hwever） they always g int raptures at the mere mentin (at the mere mentin f / at the sight f/ at the news f / at the tuch f / at the mentin f ) f the cuntry. （具体的事例进行说明观点，例子在文章中是必不可少的）
Thugh they extl the virtues f the peaceful life (从本课开始，注意文章的安排，结构的布局和关键词的重复，引导让步状语从句，应注意其主句), nly ne f hem has ever gne t live in the cuntry and he was back in twn within six mnths. （discussin: why writer talk abut this sentence: hypcritical 虚伪ie: The cuntry life never appeals t me, and never appeals t thers. 从反面进行论述）
Even he still lives under the illusin that cuntry life is smehw superir t twn life.（背诵，the writer emphasizes that his friend is hypcritical）(the life f cuntry / the cuntry / cuntry life重复使用关键词能够引导读者跟着你的思路走)
He is frever talking abut the friendly peple, the clean atmsphere, the clseness t nature and the gentle pace f living. （Discussin: why writer talks abut the virtue f cuntry life? 作者的意图是讨论城市生活优于乡村生活，为什么要提及乡村生活的美德呢？Every picture has tw sides, 应论述其好处，再进行逐一否决）
Nthing can be cmpared, he maintains, with the first cckcrw, the twittering f birds at dawn, the sight f the rising sun glinting n the trees and pastures. （the writer illustrates the cuntry life advantageus further）
This idyllic pastral scene is nly part f the picture.（背诵，从下文开始使用对比法进行论述） My friend fails t mentin the lng and friendless winter evenings in frnt f the TV -- virtually the nly frm f entertainment. He says nthing abut the pr selectin f gds in the shps, r（表并列）abut thse unfrtunate peple wh have t travel frm the cuntry t the city every day t get t wrk.
Why peple are prepared t tlerate a fur-hur jurney each day fr the dubius privilege f living in the cuntry is beynd me.（本文重点句：背诵 why 所引导的从句
1. stand / bear / put up with / endure / tlerate
2. dubius: dubtful / uncertain）
They culd be saved s much misery and expense if they chse t live in the city where they rightly belng. (Cnclusin: the writer illustrates the tpic: the cuntry life is never appeals t him. The writer talks abut bth advantages and disadvantages f cuntry life in rder t cmparisn, but he did nt draw the cnclusin abut the cmparisn.)
If yu can d withut (manage/d withut没有…也能忍受eg: I can d withut car. ) the few pastral pleasures f the cuntry, yu will find the city can prvide yu with the best that life can ffer. （背诵）There are advantages f living in the cuntry, but there are few living in the cuntry than living in the big city.
Yu never have t travel miles t see yur friends. They invariably(always) live nearby and are always available (able t be used anytime, 主要是用做表语，也可以用于定语，用做定语放在被修饰词的后面eg: I am available t have a chat with yu. The bks in ur classrm are available fr yu. I have a dictinary available fr yu.) fr an infrmal chat r an evening's entertainment.
Sme f my acquaintances in the cuntry cme up t twn nce r twice a year t visit the theatre as a special treat. Fr them this is a majr (demanding：要求高的，需要时间的) peratin which invlves cnsiderable planning.
As the play draws t its clse （near its end）, they wnder whether they will ever catch that last train hme. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties f this srt. （背诵eg: We can keep urselves free frm the anxieties f this srt which afflict the cuntry dweller. Eating fd with different taste is als a pleasure. ）
The latest exhibitins, films, r plays are nly a shrt bus ride away. Shpping, t, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitins, films, r plays are nly a shrt bus ride away. Shpping, t, is always a pleasure.
There is s much variety that yu never have t make d with secnd best. Cuntry peple run wild when they g shpping in the city and stagger hme laded with (方式状语) as many f the extic items as they can carry. （背诵）
Nr is the city withut its mments f beauty.（双重否定表肯定）
There is smething cmfrting abut the warm glw shed （流泻）by advertisements n cld wet winter nights. Few things culd be mre impressive than the peace that descends n deserted city streets at weekends when the thusands that travel t wrk every day are tucked away in their hmes in the cuntry.
It has always been a mystery t me wh city dwellers, wh appreciate all these things, bstinately pretend that they wuld prefer t live in the cuntry. 结论句与第一段第一句进行呼应。
Vcabulary:
extl the virtues
extl = praise highly
praise 比extl 的语义要弱的多
virtue:美德 = advantage
illusin 幻觉，错觉 = false idea
superir t 比…强 better than
maintain = hld
glinting: 闪烁 glistening
tlerate: 忍受 = endure, bear, stand, put up with
suffer withut cmplaining
beynd me: cannt be understd by me
beynd my understanding
多项选择
D （该选项背熟）
think sb. hypcritical: 认为某人很虚伪
maintain a preference fr sth: 坚持一种想法
B（题目背熟）
in terms f/regarding
have advantage ver sb/sth: 比…更具有优势
within easy reach f sb. 方便，容易达到
A
allude t: mean
前3道题的题干和答案需要掌握
C
A
tire f：厌倦
eg: I am tired f ding s.
never: 表一般状态，用一般现在时
C
n nly shrt bus right away 只有几站路的路程

重点 B
many f the… 许多物品中的许多
Yu can take as many as yu like.
Yu can take as many bks as yu can.
B
It has been a mystery t me.
be mystified by: 被…所困扰
be freighted by: 被…所吓着
A
altgether: 总共，完全
virtually:几乎
certainly:肯定的，当然的
in particular: particularly 特别，尤其是
pretty well:相当不错，相当好（AE），= almst (BE)
B
d withut, g withut, manage withut
B
near its end接近尾声 = draw t its clse
reach its climax: 达到高潮
A
impsitin : n.强人所难
impse: v.
D nt impse yur idea n me. 不要把你的想法强加给我
imprint: 印记，印痕
give sb a (deep) impressin: 给某人印象
have impact
eg: what he said give me a deep impressin
what he said has a deeply impact.
注意动词搭配
Lessn 43 Fully Insured 全保险
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Insure v.投保
=make a cntract that prmises t pay a sum f mney in case f
accident,damage,lss,etc.
Insure sb/sth against给某人或某物保险，以防万一
—Emplyer must insuer their emplyees against accident.
Insurance n.保险
Insurance cmpany 保险公司
同意词：
assure v.向……保证，使确信，它的宾语一定是人
--I assure yu that I’ll bring yur happiness.
ensure:保证，确保，宾语可以是物
--Hard wrk can ensure ur success.
guarantee:担保
--I can guarantee the watch fr ten mnths.
recver ① vi.使得到补偿，弥补=make up fr ,cmpensate fr
② vt,康复 recver frm
--Nthing can recver ur health.
同义词：
regain:经过努力而获得什么
--regain ne's curage 重新获得勇气
recver ur curage 恢复勇气
--He regained/recvered his enthusiasm.
restre 恢复(健康,原状)vt
--He has been restred.
--He has recverd.不及物
heal vt.治愈（创伤，伤口）
--His wund has healed.
admittedly adv.公认地=we are admitting that
inevitably 不可避免地
--Admittedly he is a great persn.
purchase vt.买（比buy要正式，主要用于书面语，还可以是名词）
--Can yu purchase freedm with mney?
--Yesterday I bught a tie,that lk terrible.
purchase mney 买进价格
purchasing pwer购买力
nt wrth a day’s purchase.危在旦夕
--His life is nt wrth a day’s purchase.
annual a.一年一度的
teenager n.(13至19岁）的青少年
capsize vi.(船)翻
--The ship capsized because f the rugh wave.
shiver v.打颤，发抖=tremble
整体的颤抖用shiver,部分的用tremble
--His hands are trembling.
--His trembling vive betrayed his secret.
--He is shivering with cld.
shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换shiver
Haul v.拖曳=pull with effrt ur frce强调用力拉
--They pauled the bat up the beach.
同义词：
pull应用范围最广,连续不断的拉
drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力
--The stne was s heavy that I had t drag it int the rm.
--After a day’s hard wrk,I dragged myself hme.
drag neself t 拖着疲惫的身躯去
tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快
--Lk,a thief tug the bicycle.
tw 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体
--They twed the huge stne with a truck/lrry.
agnizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的
agnize v.使精神紧张，使极度痛苦
---This frustratin agnized him.
agnized 感到提心吊胆的
agny n.=great pain极度痛苦，常用介词in
在英文中需注意意境，如
---At the news he is an agny f jy.听到这个消息，他感到极度的高兴。
perch vi.位于（高处）be n the hige psitin
perch n 栖息
---A brid perched n the branch f the tree f the mment.
---The little village perches amng the hills.
knck sb ff his perch 打败，击败
---I kncked him ff his perch yesterday.
knck sb ff his perch 打败，击败
---I kncked him ff his perch yesterday.
cme ff ne’s perch 不再骄傲自大
---Put yur pride in yur pcket.不要妄自尊大
---After his failure,he came ff his perch.
同义词：
stand v.高高地矗立
Lk,a great tree stands n the muntain.
lcate ,situate是正式用语，vt. be lcated/situated＋介词＝lie
☆precariusly adv.危险地，不稳固地
precarius adj. =unsafe,nt firm,nt steady :强调不安全，不稳定，不稳固
---An actr's life wuld be t precarius fr me.演员的生活很不稳定。
同义词：
dangerus:强调很危险
---Playing with matches is dangerus.
hazardus 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义
---Climbing the high muntain is hazardus.
adventruus:爱冒险的，胆子很大的
---Are yu adventurus?
perilus :语义程度比dangerus要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤害或被杀害的危险
---It is perilus t d s.这样做会丢命的！
verbalance v.失去平衡
clamp n.夹钳，夹板
vertically adv.垂直地－－ vertical adj.
反义词：hrizntally平行地－－hrizntal adj.平等的
－－－I draw a line hrizntally,and I draw anther line vertically.
trrent n.激流，洪流
rebund v 弹回
－－－The ball is rebunded.
Ntes n the Text 课文
Insuring public r private prperty is a standard practice in mst cuntries
in the wrld.
---This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.
insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。
If, hwever,yu were hlding an pen air garden party r a fete it wuld be
equally pssible t insure yurself in the event f bad weather.
eqully=alike,in the same way
in the event f=in case f
---In the event f being sick,yu'd better nt g t the
party.为防生病，你最好不要去参加那个party了。
in the event that
---Yu must wrk harder and harder in the event that yu get the
frustratin.
---In the event that yu will get the frustratin yu must wrk harder and
harder.
Needless t say,the bigger the risk an insurance cmpany takes,the higher
the premium yu will have t pay.
needless t say,插入语
the mre……the mre……
---The lder yu get,the mre belngings yu will
accumulate.年龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。
take the risk冒险，承担
It is nt uncmmn t hear that a shipping cmpany has made a claim fr the
cst f salvaging a sunken ship.
it is nt uncmmn t hear=it is quite cmmn,双重否定用于强调语气
1、nt＋否定adj is nt unreasnable
2、nt＋withut I can't live withut yu.
3、n＋nt/n ＋n 两个n都是用来修饰限定名词
---There is n cat that desn't like fish.
---There is nthing he can't d.
---He des't have any meals withut meat.
---There is n rule that has n exceptin/that desn't have exceptin.
make a claim提出索赔要求
But the claim made by a lcal authrity t recver the cst f salvaging a
sunker jpie dish must surely be unique.
unique＝very much particular独一无二
recver＝make up fr弥补
Slef-discipline required a sedulus wrk.需要作出艰苦努力的自我约束。
句中t做claim的定语，不能in rder t用替换。
But the .claim was made by a lcal authrity in rder t recver the
cst f ……
---Frm finding a right place t put the lastest editin.
---Frm finding the right place fr us t put the latest editin.
这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。
---This is a gd plan fr yu in rder t learn English well.(×）
---This is a gd plan fr yu t learn English well.
The pie cmmittee dicided that the best way t transprt the dish wuld be
by canal
the best way t d sth.做某事的最好办法
Dancing prved t be mre than the dish cule bear,fr during the party it
capsized and sank in seven feet f water.
动名词＋prve（t be) mre than……
The pie cmmittee telephned a lcal garage wner wh arrived in a recvery
t salvage the pie dish.
此处t 可用in rder t 替换
They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it ut f the water
prved t be a serius prblem.
difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情
have little difficulty in h毫不费力
have much difficulty 很费力
haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉
The sides f the dish were s smth that it was almst impssible t
attcach hawsers and chains t the rim withut damaging it.
it was almst impssible……
attach t
attach＝tie 栓，系
rim=the sides f the dish
Eventually chains were fixed t ne end f the dish and a pwerful winch was
put int peratin.
eventually=at last 语气比at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过努力而终于如何
终于：强调失败的结果用in the end
表示成功用at last ，eventually
finally只表示顺序的最后
put int peratin=use
Fr ne agnizing mnent,the dish was perched precariusly n the bank f
the canal,but it suddenly vervalanced and slid back int the water.
precariusly=unsteady,unfirmly
slide back int 回复老样子
The men were nw bliged t try nce mre.
be bliged t d=be frced t d
The dish nw had t be lifted vertically because ne edge was resting
against the side f the canal.
lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作
rest against 依靠，紧靠
There was a danger that the wave wuld rebund ff the ther side f the
bank and send the dish plunging int the water again.
that the wave ……为同位语从句修饰danger
rebund ff 弹回
send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语）
---What send yu ding s?什么使得你怎么做呢？
---If the huge wave had rebunded ff the ther side f the bank,the pie
dishi wuld have been sent t
water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。
---If the huge wave had rebunded ff the ther side f the bank,it wuld
have sent dish plunging int the water again.
By wrkng at tremendus speed ,the men managed t get the dish n t dry
land befre the wave returned.
manage t d =be able t t,succeed in ding
--The ship capsized because f the rugh wave.
Shiver v.打颤，发抖=tremble
整体的颤抖用shiver,部分的用tremble
--His hands are trembling.
--his trembling vive betrayed his secret.
--He is shivering with cld.
shudder 因为寒冷害怕等因素导致的全身抖动,可替换shiver
Haul v.拖曳=pull with effrt ur frce强调用力拉
--The pauled the bat pu the beach.
pull应用范围最广,连续不断的拉
Drag 拖拉,强调二者有摩擦力
The stne was s heavy that I had t drag it int the rm.
After a day’s hard wrk,I dragged myself hme.
drag neself t 拖着疲惫的身躯去
tug 飞快地拖拉,强调幅度大，动作快
--Lk,a thief tug the bicycle.
tw 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体
They twed the huge stne with a truck/lrry.
agnizing a.精神紧张的，提心吊胆的
agnize v.使精神紧张，使极度痛苦
This frustratin agnized him.
agnized 感到提心吊胆的
agny n.=great pain极度痛苦，常用介词in
在英文中需注意意境，如
At the news he is an agny f jy.听到这个消息，他感到极度的高兴。
perch vi.位于（高处）be n the hige psitin
perch n 栖息
A brid perched n the branch f the tree f the mment.
The little village perches amng the hills.
stand v.高高地矗立
Lk,a great tree stands n the muntain.
Lcate ,situate是正式用语，vt be lcated/situated＋介词＝lie
Knck sb ff his perch 打败，击败
--I kncked him ff his perch yesterday.
Cme ff ne’s perch 不再骄傲自大
Put yur pride in yur pcket.不要妄自尊大
After his failure,he came ff his perch.
☆precariusly adv.危险地，不稳固地
precarius =unsafe,nt firm,nt steady :强调不安全，不稳定，不稳固
An actr’s life wuld be t precarius fr me.演员的生活很不稳定。
dangerus:强调很危险
Playing with matches is dangerus.
hazardus 碰运气的，冒险的,具变幻莫测之义
Climbing the high muntain is hazardus.
adventruus:爱冒险的，胆子很大的
Are yu adventurus?
perilus :语义程度比dangerus要高得多，强调被伤害或被伤害或被杀害的危险
It is perilus t d s.这样做会丢命的！
verbalance v.失去平衡
clamp n.夹钳，夹板
Vertically adv.垂直地
adj vertical
反义词：hrizntally平行地－－hrizntal
I draw a line hrizntally,and I draw anther line vertically.
Vertical
Hrizntally adv.平行地
Hrizntal a.平等的
trrent n.激流，洪流
rebund v 弹回
The ball is rebunded.
Text 课文
Insuring public r private prperty is a standard practice in mst cuntries
in the wrld.
This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.
insuring 动名词做主语，具名词地功能也具动词的特点。
If, hwever,yu were hlding an pen air garden party r a fete it wuld be
equally pssible t insure yurself in the event f bad weather.
eqully=alike,in the same way
in the event f=in case f
In the event f being sick,yu'd better nt g t the
party.为防生病，你最好不要去参加那个party了。
in the event that
Yu must wrk harder and harder in the event that yu get the frustratin.
In the event that yu will get the frustratin yu must wrk harder and
harder.
Needless t say,the bigger the risk an insurance cmpany takes,the higher
the premium yu will have t pay.
needless t say,插入语
the mre……the mre……
The lder yu get,the mre belngings yu will
accumulate.年龄越大你积攒的东西就越多。
take the risk冒险，承担
It is nt uncmmn t hear that a shipping cmpany has made a claim fr the
cst f salvaging a sunken ship.
it is nt uncmmn t hear=it is quite cmmn,双重否定用于强调语气
1、nt＋否定adj is nt unreasnable
2、nt＋withut I can't live withut yu.
3、n＋nt/n ＋n 两个n都是用来修饰限定名词
There is n cat that desn't like fish.
There is nthing he can't d.
He des't have any meals withut meat.
There is n rule that has n exceptin/that desn't have exceptin.
make a claim提出索赔要求
But the claim made bu a lcal authrity t recver the cst f salvaging a
sunker jpie dish must surely be unique.
unique＝very much particular独一无二
recver＝make up fr弥补
Slef-discipline required a sedulus wrk.需要作出艰苦努力的自我约束。
句中t做claim的定语，不能in rder t用替换。
Frm finding a right place t put the lastest editin.
Frm finding the right place fr us t put the latest editin.
这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。
This is a gd plan fr yu in rder t learn English well.(×）
This is a gd plan fr yu t learn English well.
The pie cmmittee dicided that the best way t transprt the dish wuld be
by canal
the best way t d sth.做某事的最好办法
Dancing prved t be mre than the dish cule bear,fr during the party it
capsized and sank in seven feet f water.
动名词＋prve（t be) mre than……
The pie cmmittee telephned a lcal garage wner wh arrived in a recvery
t salvage the pie dish.
此处t 可用in rder t 替换
They had little difficulty in finding it,but hauling it ut f the water
prved t be a serius prblem.
difficulty 不可数名词，费力；可数名词，各种困难的事情
have much difficulty 很费力
haul 从下往上拖；drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉
The sides f the dish were s smth that it was almst impssible t
attcach hawsers and chains t the rim withut damaging it.
it was almst impssible……
attach t
attach＝tie 栓，系
rim=the sides f the dish
Eventually chains were fixed t ne end f the dish and a pwerful winch was
put int peratin.
eventually=at last 语气比at last 强烈的多，重点强调经过努力而终于如何
终于：强调失败的结果用in the end
表示成功用at last ，eventually
finally只表示顺序的最后
put int peratin=use
Fr ne agnizing mnent,the dish was perched precariusly n the bank f
the canal,but it suddenly vervalanced and slid back int the water.
precariusly=unsteady,unfirmly
slide back int 回复老样子
The men were nw bliged t try nce mre.
be bliged t d=be frced t d
The dish nw had t be lifted vertically because ne edge was resting
against the side f the canal.
lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作
rest against 依靠，紧靠
There was a danger that the wave wuld rebund ff the ther side f the
bank and send the dish plunging int the water again.
that the wave ……为同位语从句修饰danger
rebund ff 弹回
send 造成，使得＋ving（做宾语补足语）
What send yu ding s?什么使得你怎么做呢？
If the huge wave had rebunded ff the ther side f the bank,the pie dishi
wuld have been sent t
water.如果当时大浪从对岸折回来的话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。
If the huge wave had rebunded ff the ther side f the bank,it wuld have
sent dish plunging int the water again.
By wrkng at tremendus speed ,the men managed t get the dish n t dry
land befre the wave returned.
manage t d =be able t t,succeed in ding
Lessn 44 Speed and cmfrt 速度和舒适
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语s 生词短语
psitively adv. 绝对地，完全地
in psitive way.
the fd is psitively uneatable
can yu really d it psitively? 相当于 sure, f curse, certainly, n prblem.

cmpartment n. 分隔间或单间

cramped adj.窄小的

stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的
同义词:
airless

mntnus adj. 枯燥的，乏味的
I dn't like the way f yur teaching, it is mntnus.
I hate the mntnus rhythm f travelling by train.
同义词：
tendius 乏味的，重点突出lng and uninteresting.
dull = interesting
I can't get alng well with Mary, she is a dull girl.
Lk at that dull persn.
tiresme = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦
He is tried f sleeping n the flr, because he has dne s fr ten years.
Lng lasting meeting are tiring.
Yu are a little bit tiresme.
I am tired f ding s. --> be tired f
I am bred with ding s. --> be bred with

rhythm n. 有节奏的运动

click v. 发出咔哒声

lull v. 催人欲睡
The mther lulled her baby t sleep.
--> lull sb t sleep.
What a gd day, the wind lulled! 风和日利
lullaby 催眠曲

snatch n. 短时，片段
in snatches 断断续续地
It rains in snatches.
On the train, we sleep in snatches.

sleeper n. 卧铺

fumble v.乱摸，摸索
He fumbled the dr pen. 他摸索着把门打开了。
He fumbled in his pcket fr the key. 他在口袋里摸索着钥匙。

inspectin n.检查

inevitably adv. 必然地
Human beings are mtal,s inevitably we make mistakes,n matter hw wise and eminent yu are.

destinatin n.目的地

exhaust v.使精疲力尽
I am exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了
What exhaustes yu? 什么使你筋疲力尽呀？
I am tired ut.
同义词
wear ut 使疲劳，使磨损
Lk, yur dress is wrn ut. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了
After a day's wrk hard, I am wrn ut.
knck sb ut 把某人打昏，使疲劳
That's a miracle that the ld lady kncked the bxer ut.
The arduus wrk kncked me ut. 这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。
fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）
The piece f wrk fatigues me.
mtrway n.快车道
ferry n. 渡船
cruise n.巡游船
civilize v.使文明
spaciius adj. 宽敞的
Is yur classrm spacius?
Our classrm is nt s spacius as that ne.
I wuld like t lie in the spacius classrm instead f sitting here.
同义词：
rmmy
a rmy huse
capacius 容量大的 capacity 容量
cmmdius 宽敞的，便利的 rmy and cnventient
The cinema is cmmdius = The cinema is bth rmy and cnvenient.
expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的
I'd like t appreciate expansive sea/cean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋
vast 幅员辽阔的
The desert in ur cuntry is vast, that is a majr prblem
extensive 广泛的，广阔的 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读
Yu can enlarge yur vcabulary by intensive reading.
widespread 流传广的，分布广的
The kind f news is widespread.
far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的
I have a gd idea and it is far-reaching.
seasick adj.晕船的
airsick 晕飞机的/
carsick 晕车的
bussick 晕公交车的
bicyclesick 晕自行车的
hmesick 想家的。
intimidate v.恐吓，恫吓
Nthing can intimidate me.
disadvantage n.短处，缺点
exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的
I'm exhilarated by yur visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。
同义词：
stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb t d sth.
Yur curage stimulated me t d s.
inspire 激励（通过言辞） inspire sb t d
stir 鼓舞，鼓动 Wh stired yu t d it like this? Yu shuld lk befre yu leap.
spur 刺激 His rude remarks spured me.
encurage He always encurages me t study hard when I am unwilling t d s.
escapist n.逍遥者
sip v.呷， drink a little at a time. ---> take a sip f 喝一点
I'm really thirsty, wuld yu mind me taking a sip f yur cffee?
I'm s hungry that I want t have a taste f yur cake.
Yu can take a sip f my cffee, but my cake nly belngs t me.
champagne n.香槟酒
refinement n.精心的安排
refine 使人精力充沛
Cffee always refined us.
Cffee always made us fresh.
breathtaking adj. 激动人心的
The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。
The girl takes my breath.
The beautiful dress takes my breath.
decide t g fr a trip 决定旅行
We decided t g fr a breathtaking trip.
sar v.高飞
We can't sar in the blue sky.
effrtlessly adv. 不费力地
landscape n.景色 = extrardinary sight
同义词：
scenery 自然风光 secne 场面 view 透过窗户看到的景色
Our classrm desn't have a gd view.
The rising sun in Tai Muntain is a spectacle.
fresh adj. 精神饱满的
a fresh man
Lk at that guy, he is really fresh.
uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来
He went hme fresh and uncrumpled.

Ntes n the Text 课文注释
现在分词短语修饰peple
Peple wh travel lng distance frequently.
frequently 定期地，经常地 quite ften

have t decide = have t make up their mind.

wuld rather; wuld sner 要和动词原形搭配
had better d 最好做...
wuld perfer t d.
wuld rather d.

hardly + anyne 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于nbdy;
或 nearly nbdy, virtually nbdy.

----------------------------------------------------
exhausted 在这里是形容词做状语

wear ut; tire ut' fatigue; knck ut

The writer emphasizes disadvantage f travelling by train.

Travelling by car is mre unpleasant than travelling in the train.

fairly的语气最弱的
mre ften than nt 主要用在书面语言当中，means very ften ,usually, frequently

by cmparisn 通过对比
ff = prvide

cmfrts 在这儿指代 service

be likely t d 有可能...
it is prbable that

culd nt be + 形容词比较级
can nt be + 形容词比较级
n ... culd be
Nbdy can be mre beautiful than yu.
N place can/culd be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。

relatively 相对来讲
A large number f peple are prepared t sacifice their higher pay fr the privilege f becming white cllar.
Relatively, few peple are prepared t sacifice their hliday fime fr the dubius pleasure f travelling by sea.
dubius = uncertian = dubtful
Aerplanes are famus/well-knwn fr its being dangerus.

have the disadvantage f
have the reputatin f

match sb fr
but nthing can be equal t them.

在第二部分当中是采用对比法
It is almst impssible t take yur mind ff the jurney.
Yu dn't have t/needn't devise ways f taking yur mind ff the jurney.

hardly
Yu had hardly had time t feel tired when yu arrived at yur destinatin.
n sme services 在这里指代 n airplane.

keep ne's mind ff 转移注意力
keep sb ccupied 集中注意力

hwever = n matter hw

If yu can d withut the few pleasures f travelling by land, yu will find aerplanes prvide us with the best.

Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage f studying abrad.
at first, yu must illustrate yur tpic, the disadvantage f studying at hme.
the disvantage f studying abrad
最后通过实例详细论述出国留学的好处。

支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点。
每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。
最主要的方法有三种： 对比法，比较法，例证法
结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。
段落是由主题句，扩展句组成。 扩展句之后是具体的例子。
想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。
主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。
主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。
主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句来说明解释主题句的内容。
重复使用关键词。
内容要连贯。
衔接词的使用
1、起。 at first ,first, firstly, in the beginning, first f all
at present, nwaday, currently, t start with, t begin with, fr ne thing
fr anther, in ne hand, in the ther hand.
2、承。 t start with; at the same time; at any rate; besides; apart frm; in additin;
in additin t; furthermre; in fact; actually; as a matter f fact; in reality;
mrever; n dubt; withut any dubt; similarly; in the same way; meanwhile;
in the meantime; bviusly; particularly; such as; fr example; fr instance;
cnsequently; as a cnsequence; as a result; what is mre; what is better;
3、折。 after all; all the same; anyway; smehw; but; hwever; nevertheness; nnetheless;
cnversely; by this time; n the cntray; despite; in despite f;
in cntempt f; in disregard f; by cntrast; by cmparisn; frtunately;
in ther wrds; n the ther hand; unlike; whereas;
4、合。 主要是用来小结上文的或是用做结尾段。
accrdingly; as has been nted(abve); as has been mentined; as has been talked f;
at last; finally; lastly; at length; briefly; in brie; in shrt; in a wrd;
in cnculsin; in sum; in summary; t sum up; t summarize; t cnclude;
n dubt; undubtedly; truly; certainly; psitively; surely; bviusly;
n the whle;

可以使用谚语作为 tpic
as the saying ges; as prverb ges;
定义法
可以使用提问法
比如说： illustrate yur pinin abut friendship
D yu have a gd/large circle f friends?
概括法： I quite agree with this idea.
间接开头法： 先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。

在读文章时
1、注意结构安排
2、找出文章关键词
3、注意每一自然段的段首段尾

Special difficulties 难点
Cramped and stuffy : nt rmy, nt spacius
lacking space, airless,
Lacking space and air
Mntnus : unchanging
Lulls : cause t sleep
In snatches: nt cntinuusly
Destinatin : terminal
Destinatin is a place where smene are ging.
Stretch yur legs: have a rest, g fr a walk
Sacrifice: give up fr a purpse.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
d
the great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike is
alike : as well
D. was adred by the rich and pr alike.
2、c
distractin : 转移注意力
such… as 比如…
He can speak such languages as English, Japanese, Chinese.
3、c
N frms f transprt can be mre cmfrtable and faster than aerplanes.
4、d
5、b
6、a
如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达‘如果’采用的结构形式不是if，不是suppse，而是prviding r prvided.
I’ll take all the shirts if/prvided yu reduce the price t $1 each.
7、c
in additin 表示承上启下，除此外还有
如果用apart frm , besides, in additin t , 必须和宾语进行搭配。
It 是形式主语
It is n use crying. 哭没有用。
It is n use pretending that I didn’t see him.. 假装没看见他是没有用的。
8、d
if it is nt = if it is nt calm
be prne t sth. T 在这是介词，相当于be likely t d 表示极有可能。
During cld winter, we are likely t catch cld.
During cld winter, we are prne t cld.
9、b
10、a
sit up 不睡觉 = stay up
install 安装，固定
let’s install a televisin set n the wall..
11、c
spectacle = landscape
scenery 自然风光
scene 场景
12、b
get ver 从…恢复过来
He hasn’t gt ver his wife’s death
He desn’t get ver his illness.
Get away frm 从…逃脱掉
Lessn 45 The pwer f the press 新闻报道的威力
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
demcratic adj.民主的demcratic cuntry民主的国家
restrict vt.限制=keep within a certain limit.
--The prisners’ activity is restricted within narrw limits.
辨析
limit 表示时间,空间,程序等方面的限定,且限定到某一个点,如果超出这个点很可能受到惩罚。
restrict只说明限制范围
--Land develpment must be limited.我们必须限制土地的开发。
--He restricts himself t tw cigarettes everyday.他每天限制自己抽两只烟。
restrict sb t
cnfine v.控制在……范围内
cnfine sb.t
--I cnfine myself t tw cigarettes a day.
--The by is cnfined t the dark rm.
--The by is restricted t the dark rm.
cramp vt.限制（某人的活动或限制动植物的生长）
--Nbdy can cramp children.
--Yu can nt cramp my activity.
hamper v.限制，妨碍,困累
--What hampered yu t d s?
--The husewife has a lts t d every day,because she is hampered by pvert被贫困所困扰。
--My limited vcabulary hampers my reading.
impede v.限制，阻碍（相当于hamper）
impede ding sth
--Nthing will impede my studying English.
bund v.限定，以……为界限
abuse v.滥用
--Dn’t abuse yur authrity.不要乱用职权。
--We shuldn’t abuse ue rights.不要乱用自己的权力。
--Fr VIP,they shuldn’t abuse their privilege.
untld a.=t many t be cunted 数不尽的
--There are untld stars in the sky.
--I am afflicted by/with untld anxieties.
numerus a.无数的
cuntless a.无数的
--As hunma being ,we can’t keep urselves free frm cuntless anxieties.
cuntable:can be cunted
uncuntable
numberless无数的，没有房号的
--This is a numberless rm.
numberable 数得清的
innumberable 不能数得清的
perpetual a.永久的，永远的(不休止的，一直持续下去的,用于不易受阻的)
--They are as pr as church muse, they are have t struggle against perpetual pverty.
permanent a.
eternal
everlasting
--Lasting fr a lng time
cnstant a.连续的，不断的(perpetual最好的释义)
cnstantly adv.连续不断地
cntinuus a.连续不断的
--They have cntinuus discussin.
--They made great success in their cntinuus attempt.
cntinual a.频繁的
cntinually adj.
--It rains cntinually .
--It is raining cntinuusly/cnstantly.
lasting a.(书面上用everlasting)持久的，耐久的
--The pair f trusers is lasting.
--Generally speaking ,jeans are lasting.
endless a.
--Yu can appreciate endless unbrken cluds.
--Studing English is ur perpetual(endless) task.
eternal a.永恒的，永久的，不朽的（=immrtal）
--His name is immrtal because the lngest suspensin bridge was named fr him.
temprary a.临时的
permanent a.非临时的，永久的
--In a big city, smetimes we can nt get permanent jb.
bscurity n.默默无闻
In bscurity
bscure adj.不起眼的
--The bus stpped at a bscure bus stp.
radically adv.彻底地，完全地=Cmpletely,entirely,thrughly,fully,inclusive
exclusive a.独占的，独家的；排外的，排他的(nt shared with thers)
--The swimming pl is fr my exclusive use.
exclusive right 独权
--The schl is exclusive ,nly very clever children can g t it.
--The stre is exclusive, nly very wealthy peple can visit it.
cmmdity n.商品
--cmmdity ecnnmy商品经济cmmdity market商品市场
gds,wares
Text 课文（全文背诵）
In demcratic cuntries any effrts t restrict the freedm f the press are rightly cndemned.
effrt企图（语气强烈）
try;attempt尝试
make every effrt;spare n effrt;make every endeavr
g t great iengths
blame责备
scld
reprach
reprimand
cndemn正式的谴责
deed 行为，行径
--Yur deeds shuld be rightly cndemned.
Hwever, this freedm can easily be abused.
frest authrites森林当局
educatin authrites教育当局
the authrites有关当局
the authrites f the press新闻界当局
Stries abut peple ften attract far mre public attentin than plitical events.
Accrding t this sentence,we knw we are much mre interested in private stries.
Smetimes sme peple even want t smell ut peple’s secrets r particular scandals.
far相当于much加强语气
Thugh we may enjy reading abut the lives f thers, it is extremely dubtful whether we wuld equally enjy reading abut urselves.
lives f thers替代stry abut peple
extremely dubtful=extremely uncertain=extremely dubius
--If a family skeletn is reviewed,ne’s reputatin will be damaged/destryed/spiled/ruined immediately.
equally=in the same way=alike
--We wuldn’t like ur secret t be reviewed.
Acting n the cntentin that facts are sacred, reprters can cause untld suffering t individuals by publishing details abut their private lives.(要点句型)
When stries published in detalls by the press are wnderful,yu will becme famus very sn.
If the stry is terrible,yur reputatin will be ruined immediately.
act n 以。。。来行事，遵循。。。来行事
that引导的部分是cntentin的同位语从句
Newspapers exert such tremendus influence that they can nt nly bring abut majr changes t the lives f rdinary peple but can even verthrw a gvernment.
exert…n sth
--bring abut 带来，导致
--lead t
--cause
--result in
majr:great,cnsiderable
--In the first paragraph the writer illustrate hw pwerful the press is in the general way.
The stry f a pr family that acquired fame and frtune vernight, dramatically illustrates the pwer f the press.
acquire=gain=btain
--acquire grtune发财
--make frtune
The family lived in Aberdeen, a small twn f 23,000 inhabitants in Suth Dakta.
inhabitant=dweller
--the city dweller城市居住者
--the cuntry dweller乡村居住者
They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even mre pressing ecnmic prblems.
expect a baby
in the interesting cnditin
in the family way
pregnant
be faced with面临
--The windw faces the suth.窗户朝南。
--In the prcess f studing English,We are faced with a great many prblems,which shuld be surmunted.
surmunt克服
slve prblem解决问题
--In the prcess f studing English,We are faced with a great many prblems,which shuld be surmunted/gt rid f/remved as quickly as pssible.
ecnmic prblem=pverty
pressing 紧迫的
If they had nly had ne mre child, the fact wuld have passed unnticed. They wuld have cntinued t struggle against ecnmic dds and wuld have lived in bscurity.
虚拟语气，与过去事实相反的状况
unnticed形容词做状语
dds n.各种让人烦的小事
bear 容忍，生育 brn是bear的过去分词
attract the attentin f the press
The rise t the fame is swift.=Their being famus was rapid.
Newspapers and magazines ffered the family huge sums fr the exclusive rights t publish stries and phtgraphs.
huge sums=huge sums f mney
care f 关心
Reprters kept pressing fr interviews s lawyers had t be emplyed t act as spkesmen fr the family at press cnferences.
press fr=demand形象地表达出不停的催问
--The students kept pressing fr examinatins.
Vcabulary
restrict:限制(restrict t)
--cnfine(cnfine t),limit
equally:同样地
--alike,in the same way/degree
cntentin:论点
--argument
untld:数也数不清的
--cuntless,uncuntable,numerus,innumerable,numberless
acquired:以获得的
--gt,gained,btained
perpetual struggle:永无休止的斗争
--fight
in bscurity:默默无闻的，不出名的
--nt being well-knwn
Cmprensin
1…b…. The argue that
affect:负面的影响
Acting n the cntentin that facts are sacred, reprters can cause untld suffering t individuals by publishing details abut their private lives.(背熟)
cntentin=argue
2…d…
3…d…take interest in
Structure 结构
4…b…结构比较要一致be interested in…
5…a…标志是but nt nly…but
b: nt nly用在句首，句子必须倒装can they
c: such that they cannt nly：nt nly用在动词之前并倒装:nt nly can they
d:s修饰形容词或副词，如果强调的是一个主干的名词部分，用such
6…a…被动语态
7…b…remain(系动词)不能用进行时态，系动词不能接动词不定式
8…a…
9… abut=wield
press:榨汁；熨烫；按住，压住(n.)出版，发行
invke:求助，祈求
impse:强加于人
wield:造成
10…c…make repeated requests fr=pressing fr:不断的催问，要求
11…c…n behalf f:代表
instead f:代替n accunt f=because ffr the sake f:出于。。。的缘故
12…a…商品化的牺牲者(victim)
lingyu5758祝大家学习进步！！！
Lessn 47 T high a price 代价是否太高
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
pllutin n..污染
相应词型: pllute, plluted, pllutin, plluter
Mre and mre water is been plluted.
Pllutin is the majr prblem we are faced with.
Gases frm cars are ne f the plluters f air pllutin.
Cntaminate taint defile pllute pisn
verppulated adj.人口多的
verpepled
sparsely-ppulated cmmunity 人口稀疏的地区
sparsely-pepled
ppulatin 人口数量
What’s the ppulatin in yur cuntry?
The city has a ppulatin f tw millin.
Our dear mtherland is faced with a majr prblem that is ppulatin explsin. 人口暴长
ppulus adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤
The bus here is crwded, s I decide t switch fr the next ne.
The narrw street is ppulus with peple.
The mst ppulus prvince in China is SiChuan.
ver-industrialized adj.过度工业化的
sheer adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的
pure unmixed
steep
It is very difficult fr us t climb sheer muntain.
The cliff is s sheer that yu can’t climb it.
cmplete
What are yu talking abut sheer nnsense?
transparent
During ht summer, ladies and girls wuld like t wear sheer silk stckings.
wrldwide adv.在全世界
verwhelm v.制服，使不知所措
He was verwhelmed by grief. 悲伤至极
Grief seized him.
Yur kindness quite verwhelms me. （I appreciates yur kindness.）
The prblem verwhelmes (is beynd/abve) me.
辨析： cnquer征服，占领，克服 He cnquered the city.
口头上表达克服困难：vercme, get rid f (difficulties)
书面语insurmuntable 艰难的
vanquish 征服，暗含击败含义
pllute v.污染
pesticide n.杀虫剂
fertilizer n.肥料
salmnella n.沙门氏菌
listeria n.利斯特杆菌
vegetarian n.吃素的人
rganically-grwn adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品培植）
insidius adj.暗中为害的
urban adj.城市的
burglar n.窃贼
burgle v.入室偷窃
burgle int a huse
scream v.尖叫
scream at
prfund adj.极度的
替换词：
deep, cmplete
Yesterday he had a prfund sleep.
intense, extreme
He is afflicted with prfund anxieties.
knwledgable
He is a prfund schlar.
irritatin n.烦躁
irritate 使烦躁
nises always irritate us.
irritated 感到烦躁的
irritating 令人烦躁的
incessantly adv.连续不断的
perpetual struggle, permanent jb, eternal lve, cntinuance rain, cntinual, cntinually, cnstant struggle
incessant =cntinuus 侧重连续不断的
It has been raining incessantly fr 3 hurs.
There is a week f incessant rains.
ceaseless =endless, nne stp, unbrken
uninterrupted
Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterrupted.
Undisturbed
whine v.发呜呜声
helicpter n.直升飞机
maximum adj.最大的
technlgy n.技术
cntributin n.贡献
mbile adj.可移动的
snre v.打鼾
ffender n.冒犯者
staggering adj.令人惊愕的
surprise, amaze, astnish, astund, astunding
The ld lady reprted t the plice and they felt astunded/fund it staggering.
trumpet v.吹号
partner n.伙伴
Text 课文
Pllutin is the price we pay fr an verppulated, ver industrialized planet. (背诵)
I was blamed fr being late.
Lsing health is the price he paid fr his hard wrk.
When yu cme t think abut it, there are nly fur ways yu can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it int smething yu can use again, attempt t prduce less f it.
利用支持句论述观点
Cme t=get t
并列平行结构，突出deal with，处理，后面用动词而非名词。
There are sme gd ways t study English well: listen, speak, read, and write. 用语气强调study。
There are fur gd ways t study English: listening, speaking, reading and writing. 强调ways。
reuse it recycle it
We keep trying all fur methds, but sheer vlume f rubbish we prduce wrldwide threatens t verwhelm us. (背诵)
The writer wants t illustrate if the vlume f rubbish is grwing everyday, we wuldn’t have a gd way t slve the prblem.
vlume=amunt
threaten t d
The cming earthquake threatens the village.
prmise 预测好的未来
threaten 预测恶运，坏兆头
Dark cluds threaten a heavy strm.
The sun prmises a gd day.
It is pssible fr a rubbish t destry ur wrld.
verwhelming: smething is beynd yur cntrl
两自然段衔接自然，由rubbish引入其他污染。
The need t prduce every increasing quantities f cheap fd leads t a different kind f pllutin. (背诵)
不定式t做定语表示要发生的
lead t=result in/cause/bring abut
The price we pay fr cheap fd may be already t high. (背诵)
If yu think yu’ll abandn meat and becme a vegetarian, yu have the chice f very expensive rganically-grwn vegetables r a steady diet f pesticides every time yu think yu’re eating fresh salads and vegetables, r just having an inncent glass f water!
abandn: 强调被迫放弃 be frced t give up
rganically-grwn vegetables: 绿色蔬菜
every time: whenever
inncent: Water is inncent, but human being pllute them.
Hwever, there is an even mre insidius kind f pllutin that particularly affects urban areas and invades ur daily lives, and that is nise. (背诵)
hwever: We are quite clear, rubbish, cheap fd and vegetable are terrible, but there is mre dangerus pllutin in frnt f yu.
Insidius: 暗中为害，阴险的，这里强调更严重的
Burglar alarms ging ff at any time f the day r night serve nly t anny passers-by and actually assist burglars t burgle.
ging ff 作定语修饰说明burglar alarms
换成定语从句
Burglar alarms that g ff at any time f the day r night serve nly t anny passers-by and actually assist burglars t burgle.
assist, anny 平行，t 不必重复
Car alarms cnstantly scream at us in the street and are a surce f prfund irritatin. (背诵)
cnstantly, incessantly, cntinuusly
不用lead t，用了比较规范的书面用语 are a surce f
Her husband earns a lt f mney every muth and he is a surce f incme. 摇钱树
The survey revealed a large number f surces f nise that we really dislike. （背诵） 综述语句
列举一系列事实时，注意句式结构保持一致，与之相呼应的词：surces f nise，所以用名词结构
lawn mwer: 割草机 cntainer trucks: 集装箱卡车
New technlgy has als made its wn cntributin t nise. (背诵)
Accrding t this sentence, the writer illustrates anther cause.
make cntributin t: In fact, the writer wants t say, new technlgy had als led t/result in nise. 从讽刺反面的角度去表述的
cntribute t: 引起，导致，是….的起因
Air pllutin cntributes t disease.
Object t/take bjectin t/against
Lud cnversatins n mbile phnes invade ur thughts r interrupt the pleasure f meeting friends fr a quiet chat. (背诵)
Accrding t these examples, the writer wants t shw why mbile phne is ne surce f nise.
The nise pllutin survey revealed a rather surprising and pssibly amusing ld fashined surce f nise.
The air pllutin survey revealed that in the wrld there are 10 big cities have been plluted terribly, and ne f them is China.
It turned ut t be snring!
turn ut :prve
Men were fund t be the wrst ffenders.
ffend: 惹怒 ffender: 罪魁祸首
采用被动语态：客观描述，而非突出人发现
It is said… 据说
It is revealed… 据纰漏
It is annunced… 据宣布
20% f men in their mid-thirties/in their early thirties/in their thirties/in their late thirties.
against these figures
Cmparing these figures, we fund…
are wken: 被惊醒 keep awake: 不能入睡
Whatever the surce f nise, ne thing is certain: silence, it seems, has becme a glden memry. (背诵)
综述，对第三段的概括与总结
与Lessn 44, page 204, line 28对比：
Hwever yu decide t spend yur time, ne thing is certain…
要求背诵的语句，都不是具体的实例，而是综述
Vcabulary 词汇
dump: drp cmpletely
sheer: vlume: pure amunt
rubbish: garbage
lead t: result in, cause, bring abut
dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk prduct are made
abandn: give up
rganically-grwn: using farming r gardening methds withut artificial chemicals r fertilizer
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
c
b
The rt cause f pllutin in agriculture is the twin pressures t prduce mre fd and at lwer cst. (背诵)
rt n. 修饰cause
twin 表示密切相关联的两种压力
a
the mst distressing 最让人不能集中注意力的
c
Snring causes a severe nise prblem fr wmen f all ages.（背诵）
a
a way t d/f ding
c
a
peple traveling arund the wrld (lessn 44) quite ften 不表示正在进行，而表示主动的动作
peple wh travel arund the wrld quite ften
a
强调句式
c (背诵)
原文中用make cntributin t
play an imprtant rle/part in sth.
d its bit: 尽本分做应该做的
d a share: 做好分内的工作
c
原文中用 bject t
take exceptin against/t
ffend: 冒犯、触怒、使不舒服
take ffence at sb./sth.
a （背诵）
显露出来：bring sth. t light 及物动词短语 cme t light 不及物动词短语
The infrmatin came t light.
It was the captain wh brught the infrmatin t light.
b
原文中用 against
by cmparisn
by cmparisn wit sth.
Lessn 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
Text 课文:
Lessn48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
In this much-travelled wrld, there are still thusands f places which are in-accessible t turists. We always assume that villagers in remte places are friendly and hspitable. But peple wh are cut ff nt nly frm freign turists, but even frm their wn cuntrymen can be hstile t travellers. Visits t really remte villages are seldm enjyable--as my wife and I discvered during a tur thrugh the Balkans .
We had spent several days in a small twn and visited a number f ld churches in the vicinity. These attracted many visitrs fr they were nt nly f great architectural interest, but cntained a large number f beautifully preserved fresces as well. On the day befre ur departure, several bus lads f turists descended n the twn. This was mre than we culd bear , s we decided t spend ur last day explring the cuntry- side. Taking a path which led ut f the twn, we crssed a few fields until we came t a dense wd. We expected the path t end abruptly, but we fund that it traced its way thrugh the trees. We tramped thrugh the wd fr ver tw hurs until we arrived at a deep stream. We culd see that the path cntinued n the ther side, but we had n idea hw we culd get acrss the stream. Suddenly my wife sptted a bat mred t the bank. In it there was a batman fast asleep. We gently wke him up and asked him t ferry us t the ther side. Thugh he was reluctant t d s at first, we eventually persuaded him t take us.
The path led t a tiny village perched n the steep sides f a muntain. The place cnsisted f a straggling unmade rad which was lined n either side by small huses. Even under a clear blue sky, the village lked frbidding, as all the huses were built f grey mud bricks. The village seemed deserted, the nly sign f life being an ugly-lking black gat tied t a tree n a shrt length f rpe in a field nearby. Sitting dwn n a dilapidated wden fence near the field, we pened a cuple f tins f sardines and had a picnic lunch. All at nce, I nticed that my wife seemed t be filled with alarm. Lking up I saw that we were surrunded by children in rags wh were lking at us silently as we ate. We ffered them fd and spke t them kindly, but they remained mtinless. I cncluded that they were simply shy f strangers. When we later walked dwn the main street f the village, we were fllwed by a silent prcessin f children. The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came t life. Faces appeared at windws. Men in shirt sleeves std utside their huses and glared at us. Old wmen in black shawls peered at us frm dr-ways. The mst frightening thing f all was that nt a sund culd be heard. There was n dubt that we were unwelcme visitrs. We needed n further warning. Turning back dwn the main street, we quickened ur pace and made ur way rapidly twards the stream where we hped the batman was waiting.
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Inaccessible adj 难以接受的，达不到的
=entrance,apprach
inaccessible adj难以接受的，达不到的
词根 access (n) 通道，通路程，通向……的道路程，进入某地的道路，
entrance 入口
accessible (adj) :easy t get t/ easy t understand
Heavy snw made the village inaccessible t traffic.
大雪使车辆无法进入这个小山村。
使某事成为可能 make it impssible t d
apprach 接近 apprachable 能接近
unapprachable 不能接近，无可匹敌的，不能与之相比的
The city is accessible.
只有老师才有机会和那们校长接触
Only teacher have access t the headmaster.
hspitable adj 好客的
同= amiable , crdially , faithful , friendly , neighbrly ,receptive
Hspitable adj好客的，强调热情好客/amiable adj 亲切的
Crdially, adj热诚的/faithful adj忠诚的/Friendly adj 友好的
Neighbrly adj 和睦的/Receptive adj 关于接受的，接纳的，强调一个人比较容易接纳一些想法和见解
反= hstile
Be hstile t 对……有敌意
Hstile----hspitable 不友好的，有敌意的
同= hstile , unfriendly , untagnistic , effensive, aggressive
Hstile adj不友好的，有敌意的 / Unfriendly---不友好的
Untagnistic 对抗性的，敌对的
effensive 进攻性的
I tk n ntice f his ffensive remarks.
我没有理会他的进攻性的语言。
Aggressive 挑衅的
hstile adj 不友好的，有敌意的
vicinity n 周围，近邻
同= abut
In the vicinity 在附近 / Vicinity = abut 大约
In the vicinity f 大概/附近的居民 inhabitant f the vicinity
architectural adj 建筑的/fresc n 壁画/abruptly adv 实然地，意外地
tramp v徒步前进/mr v 用（绳，链，锚）系船上/ferry v 用渡船运
straggle v蔓延，散乱分布
dilapidated adj 破旧的，倒塌的
同= battered , brken-dwn , run dwn
dilapiadated a 陈旧的，倒塌的
This is a dilapiadated ld huse.
Dilapidate v 使倒塌，使破损/Dilapidatin (n)倒塌/Batter v 撞坏，撞击
Battered adj 撞击的/
Brken-dwn
This is brke-dwn lawn mwer
Run dwn 渐渐变糟，恶化/Run-dwn 渐渐变恶化的
sardine n 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头/rag adj 破旧衣服/mtinless adj 不动的
prcessin n 行列，成队的人群 / shawl n围巾，披巾
peer v 凝视，盯着/quicken v 加快
Text 课文
In this much-travelled wrld, these are still thusands f places which are inaccessible t turists.
Be accessible /inaccessible t d容易（难以）接近的
.But peple wh are cut ff nt nly frm freign turists ,but even frm their wn cuntrymen can be hstile t travellers.
Nt nly frm ……but frm 强调介词，重复解释
cut ff frm :separate frm /islate frm 从……分离,与相隔绝，老死不相往来
peple wh are cut ff nt nly frm freign turists ,but even frm their wn cuntrymen定语从句修饰peple不与本国同胞相往来的人，也不与外国同胞相接解的人
cut ff frm 断绝往来
他出国之后和所有朋友断绝往来
He is cut ff frm all his friends after he went abrad.
被社会抛弃与世隔绝
Such peple wh are hstile t travelers are nes wh are cut ff frm the sciety.
Visits t really remte villages are seldm enjyable–as my wife and I discvered during a tur thrugh the Balkans.
到真正遥远的山村参观很少给你带来乐趣的，As引导非限定性定语从句用破折号隔开。33课提及。
第一自然很重要，最好全文背下来。比如In this much-travelled wrld；We always assume that ……；wh are cut ff nt nly frm……but even frm。通过这一段我们了解到为什么偏僻山村的人对人怀有敌意。是因为他们本身已经脱离了这个社会。
These attracted many visitrs ,fr they were nt nly f great architectural interest , but cntained a large number f beautifully preserved fresces as well, On the day befre ur departure several bus lads f turists descended n the twn .
Of great interest 有意识的
Beautifully –preserved 被保存得很漂亮
On the day befre ur departure
在我们离开的前一天
several bus lads f turists
好几辆坐满乘客的大巴
Taking a path which led ut f the twn ,we crssed a few fields until we came t a dense wd
came t a dense wd出城影 / trace its way继续向前延伸，trace跟踪他的路线，穿过树林，继续向前延伸
make ne’s way ut f 挤出出 / fight ne’s way 拼出一条路来，杀出一条路
feel ne’s way 摸出一条路来 / wind ne’s way 蜿蜓曲折
the river wind its way t the sea
这条小何蜿蜓曲折的流向大海。
We tramped thrugh the wd fr ver tw hurs until we arrived a deep stream. We culd see that the path cntinued n the ther side. but we had n idea hw we culd get acrss the stream.
表示这条路程继续向前延伸用cntinued，相当于trace its way; n the无伦次ther side指小溪的另一岸
but we had n idea hw we culd get acrss the stream 。we had n idea 可以改成we didn’t knw hw we culd get acrss the stream, hw we culd get acrss the stream是作同位语说明n idea 的内涵，如果改成we didn’t knw 是hw引导的宾语从句.，无论改成那种语气，后面的语句必须是陈述句，hw we culd..
Suddenly my wife sptted a bat mred t the bank. In it there was a batman fast asleep
a bat mred t the bank 停在岸边的一艘小船,mred过去分词作定语。
a batman fast asleep 一个睡得很香的船夫，asleep只能作表语，如果作定语放在修饰词的后面。Fast副词修饰asleep，一个睡得很香的船夫。
Thugh he was reluctant t d s at first ,we eventually persuaded him t take us
Eventually替换为at last，因为毕竟是终于成功的，不要替换成in the end.
The path led t a tiny village perched n the steep sides f a muntain. The place cnsisted f a straggling unmade rad which was lined n either side by small huses.
Perched,是栖息，及物动词过去分词作定语，视为定语从句必须用被动。高高座落在山坡上的一个小山村
一本题名为如何在一分钟内读1000字的书
A bk entitled hw t read thusands wrd in the minter
The place cnsisted f a straggling unmade rad which was lined n either side by small huses.
straggling unmade用来修饰rad, The place cnsisted f由什么组成是它的谓语动词，straggling unmade用来修饰rad，这个地方是由乱七八糟的未人工修饰的路所组成，n either side用either作定词所修饰的名词必须是单数形式，作起的作用是一个复数概念。n either side = n bth sides。 On bth side f rad
which 指代的是rad,，which was 是前面用过unmade，为避免重复用定语从句被动语态。
Even under a clear blue sky, the village lked frbidding as all the huses were built f grey mud bricks .the village seemed deserted
Frbidding与inaccessible 相呼应，让人望而却步。 As改成fr没有问题。
The village seemed deserted, the nly sign f life being an ugly-lking black gat tied t a tree n a shrt length f rpe in a field nearby.
被废弃的，空空荡荡的。The village seemed deserted这个村里没人居住，才显得空荡荡的。the nly sign f life being an ugly-lking black gat tied t a tree n a shrt length f rpe in a field nearby.这句话没有谓语动词，不是完整的语句，没有连接词，简单句之间用逗号分开，没有连接词，逗号后面的内容是一个独立主格结构，进一步对前句作一个补充解释。
the nly sign f life唯一的生命迹象，ugly-lking喻境的描述十分重要，不喜欢这个村庄就用an ugly-lking black gat,名词和现在分词搭配构成了一个独立主格结构。对前句进行补充说明。
All at nce,I nticed that my wife seemed t be filled with alarm
all at nce = almst immediately 几乎就在同时
Lking up I saw that we were surrunded by children in rags wh were lking at us silently as we ate
Lking up，sitting dwn现在分词做短语。当我抬起头的时候，I saw 发出的一个动作。in rags修饰children。wh were lking at us引导的定语从句依旧修饰children
I cncluded that they were simply shy f strangers. When we later walked dwn
我得出一个结论他们只是由于腼腆怕见陌生人。
The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came t life.
和上文的The village seemed deserted, the nly sign f life being an ugly-lking black gat相呼应。上句用The village seemed deserted，一般过去式。这村庄似乎空无一人，本句中采用The village which had seemed deserted，采用过去玩成时，所以为了突出，就在翻译的时候表达成：似乎刚刚还空无一人的村庄，马上就活过来了。
Men in shirt sleeves std utside their huses and glared at us. Old wmen in black shawls peered at us frm dr-ways
看主干Men glaredat us，恶狠狠的看着我们。children用lk at，成年人憎恨心里更强，用glare at 看，青壮年男子恶狠狠的目光，老太太的眼神很差，看用peer at，眯着眼睛
The mst frightening thing f all was that nt a sund culd be heard.
平行句式Men in …ld wmen in…对当时的情形进行描写，所有这些最让人害怕 是that引导的表语从句nt a sund culd be heard一点声音都听不到，这是他们不能忍受的。.有时候沉默意味敌意。
There was n dubt that we were unwelcme visitrs.
There was n dubt = Beynd dubt.毫无疑问
there was n dubt 毫无疑问=句here is n dubt that/withut any dubts
we needed n further warning我们不需要别人对我们的警告
further 加强语气。
Turning back dwn the main street, we quickened ur pace and made ur way rapidly twards the stream where we hped the batman was waiting.
Turning back dwn动作由谓语发出来的。所以又沿着主路回去了，我们加快了我们的脚步，尽快赶回到made ur way rapidly twards where定语修饰stream
重点复习
现在分词作状语
定语从句
过去分词作定语
lking up
taking back
动词ing一定要和主句主语保持一致。过去分词作定语A bat mred t bank
Lessn 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Ramble vi.闲逛,漫步(trll , g fr a walk/have a walk,g fr a strll/have a strll);ramble abut,漫谈,聊天(talk r write in the disrder way);植物的蔓延生长
They rambled thrugh the wd.
The ld lady began t ramble abut her yuth.
The wild rse rambled ver the fence.
Rambling a.杂乱无章的
Sentimentally adv .感情上,多情地,sentiment(n.)
Sentiments n.情操
Feeling n.指某人某时候内心的感受
The sentiments f pity 恻隐之心
As students ,we must havd nble sentiments.高尚从情操
Emtin n.感情
I am s wrried that yu might d it ut f sentiments.出于同情，
Sentimental =emtinal
Lavishly a.慷慨地,大方地（***）
Lavish a.挥霍的,浪费的,奢侈的=extravagant ;vt 乱花钱
lavish mney n sb/sth 在某人或某事上乱花钱
The lady always lavish her mney n beautiful clthes..
Lavish praises n sb.;大肆吹捧=never grudge ding 从未舍不得
Grudge vt.舍不得给
Lavish care n sb 过度关心/宠爱
Generus a.慷慨大方的
Liberal a.开明的
Prdigal a.浪费的,挥霍无度的
Wasteful a.浪费的
(反)thrifty,.ecnmical ,frugal
immaculate a.清洁的,无污点的 sptless
preside at 指挥
wh will preside at the party?
Yesterday ,my friend visited me ,s I presided at the tea.招待
invisible
Scrub v.擦拭,刷洗(用水,肥皂等擦洗) brush/ plish :擦光、润色
Please scrub yur cat.
Plish v.使之闪闪发光,引申为润色(文章)
A carefully plish article
Enlightened a.开明的
Fickleness 变化无常的
Unrelenting a.不屈不挠的,不松不懈的 =Strng-minded(坚强的)+Cntinuus
Disillusin vt.使幻想破灭
Industriusness n.勤奋
Mirth n.欢笑,高兴
Happiness, jy ,merriment,fun ,amusement,entertainment,delight ,rapture,glee(欢欣),bliss (极乐)
Text 课文
air ne’s views n sth./sb.
be attach t 迷上，不可分割的
persist in 坚持，
lng befre / shrt befre
keep free frm dust
refer t / regard sb. as 把人看成，
She pursues what is fashin in these days.
She was extremely difficult t please.
carry n 展开，
put sb. in charge f :安排某人负责
I can’t find wrds t praise yur clthes. 好的无以言表
act the rle : play the rle
be absent frm 离开
nt nly 位于句首，部分倒装
belw, abve 用well修饰
bump int; knck neself int/nt
cme t the cnclusin
draw a cnclusin
arrive at cnclusin
reach cnclusin
jump t cnclusin
have a difficult time dng sth.:have truble/difficulty in ding sth.
find ne’s way
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
ver,
Lessn 50 New Year Reslutins 新年的决心
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
Reslutin
n. the quality f being reslute，决心 take reslutin t d sth. / make up ne’s mind t d sth. / be determined t d sth. / decide t d sth.
n. frmal decisin，决议
同根词1. Reslve vi . reslve t d sth. = take reslutin t d sth.
--Befre we came here ,we reslved t learn English hard.
Reslve sb. n sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
--I reslved him n English study.
--Nbdy reslved him n this decisin.
2. Reslute a.坚决的,果断的
--We must be true in wrd and reslute in deed.我们必须言必信,行必果.
Mentally adv. 内心里
Cmpile vt.编辑,编制(cllect infrmatin and arrange in a bk (great bk/dictinary))
同义词 Edit vt .编辑(cllect infrmatin and arrange in newspaper r magazine)
--The editr is busing editing the newspaper.
Frmidable adj. 令人敬畏的
Occur vi. happen
--A gd idea ccurred t me. / It ccurred t him that he shuld pen the dr.
形近词1. Recur vi .再发生,又出现 ccur again
2. Incur vt. 导致,招致,造成 (=lead t / result in / give rise t / cause)
--Air pllutin incurs sme terrible disease.
Regularity n. 规律性
Accmplish vt. 成功地达到目的 accmplish ne’s purpse/ gal/ dream/ aim/ wrk/ task
--He accmplish his jurney.
同义词1. Attain vt. 得到,获得(经过艰苦的努力)
Attain ne’s ambitin Get success / attain success
Attain t 某人希望达到的成就 attain 某人已经达到的成就
--He has attained heights that I can never attain t .
--This is the height that I hpe t attain t.
--This is the height that I have attained.
2. Achieve vt. 达到一定目的时的表现及努力
--This is what he achieved after ten years f hard wrk.
--We always cherish（珍惜treasure / value / prize）what we have achieved.
--I feel very happy because yu accmplish yur dream.
3. Accmplishment n. 成就(主要用于修养,才艺,本领等方面的成就)
4. Achievement n. (最通俗的说法,可代替accmplishment)
--Such accmplishment is beynd yur attainment.
--His attainment is beynd my understanding.
--His accmplishment is unexpected t me.
Inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的
Self-imprvement n. 自我完善
Scheme n. 简单的计划
Ambitius adj. 雄心勃勃的 Ambitin (中性词)
--Everybdy in the mdern sciety must be ambitius.
--If yu wrk hard, yu can attain yur ambitin.
Pitfall n. 意外的困难
Mdest adj. 要求不过分的;谦虚的
--I make New Year reslutin and I think them mdest.
--Be mdest is ne f ur virtues.
Assiduusly adj. 刻苦的 diligently
--If yu study English assiduusly, nthing is difficult.
Self-discipline n. 自我约束
Frame n. 躯体 = bdy
Betray
vt. 暴露,显露
--Her face betrayed her nervusness.
vt. 出卖,背叛
--I dn’t knw wh betrayed me.
Trp v. 成群结队的走动
Unsettle v. 使不安
Taunt vt./ n. 嘲笑,奚落人的话(try t make sb angry r upset by saying unkind remarks)
Taunt sb. with sth. 因为什么原因而讥笑某人
--They taunted him with being pr / pverty, s he felt angry.
Make fun f / laugh at
--He is wearing a strange hat ,s we make fun f him.
Jeer vi.
Jeer at 嘲笑,戏弄
--We knw he is eccentric, but anyway dn’t jeer at him.
同义词1. Mck vt./vi.
Mck at 嘲笑
--Mcked (at) by thers ,he had my sympathy.
--When the teacher is writing n the blackbard ,naughty by student mcked at him.
2. Scff vi. Scff at (渺视地)嘲笑 pur scrn n
--Dn’t scff at thse students wh dn’t have gd accmplishment / mark.
3. Gibe / jibe vi. 嘲弄,挖苦(that is intended t make the persn lk silly)
Gibe at sb. / sth.
--I gibed at him ,in my pinin ,he was dull.
Gd-humuredly adv. 和气地，心情好的
Wane vi. 逐渐变小,变弱(becming less r weaker)
--He exerts suttle influence n his children ,but his children are grwing up ,s his influence is waning.
--The mn will wax, the mn will wane.月有阴晴圆缺.
同义词
1. Diminish
vt.减少,缩小(Make smaller in size / amunt / number and s n)
--The secnd wrld war diminished the cuntry’s wealth.
vi.渐渐衰退,渐渐减小=wane
--Time will never cause ur friendship t diminish / wane.
2. Reduce vt.(数量尺寸等程序)
--If yu reduce the price t 10 dllars, I will take it.
Reduce t / reduce by
--The shp assistant reduced the price by 10 dllars.
3. Lessen vt.(指数量.价值可能性的)降低
--I agree t yur idea that yu can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk f being hurt / injured.
--That is a gd idea, but yu must lessen the pssibility f failure.
4. Increase / decrease (使数量,程度)减小,降低
--Our interest in English is increasing.
--Our interest in clthes is nt decreasing.
Hypntize vt.使朦胧，使欲睡
Unding n.毁灭的原因
Screen n.电视机的屏幕
lull sb. t sleep
Text 课文
The Spring Festival is a time fr gathering.
A time fr
Mentally, at least, mst f us culd cmpile frmidable lists f 'ds' and 'dn'ts'.
Mentally : at heart
--We becme illgical when we decide what can be eaten and what can nt be eaten.
The same ld favrites recur year in year ut with mntnus regularity.
Favrites : reslutin
Recur : happen / take place
Year in year ut : ne year after anther / year by year
day in day ut : ne day after anther / day by day
We reslve t get up earlier each mrning, eat less, find mre time t play with the children, d a thusand and ne jbs abut the huse, be nice t peple we dn't' like, drive carefully, and take the dg fr a walk every day.
reslve t 下定决心
Past experience has taught us that certain accmplishments are beynd attainment.
--It is hard fr us t attain sme certain attainment.
If we remain inveterate smkers, it is nly because we have s ften experienced the frustratin that results frm failure.
Inveterate : deep rted
--Because we have t ften experience the frustratin, it means nthing t me.
Frustratin : disappintment in ne’s mind r the feeling that yu get frm yu failure
Result frm 由……产生的
Result in : lead t / cause
--Failure will result in frustratin.
Mst f us fail in ur effrts at self-imprvement because ur schemes are t ambitius and we never have time t carry them ut.
Carry ut : carry ff
Fail in ur effrts / attempt
--We accumulate clutter in an attempt t avid waste.
We als make the fundamental errr f annuncing ur reslutins t everybdy s that we lk even mre flish when we slip back int ur bad ld ways.
Errr : mistake
--Even beans have gt their black.
--If yu ften make sme cmmn mistake, yu will get the frustratin.
slip back int : return t the nrmal way
Aware f these pitfalls, this year I attempted t keep my reslutins t myself.
--Keep my reslutin t myself : keep my reslutin secret
--We arrived at ur destinatin exhausted. Exhausted, we arrived at ur destinatin.
--Aware f the imprtance, I attempt t carry it ut.
I limited myself t tw mdest ambitins: t d physical exercise every mrning and t read mre f an evening.
Limit neself t limit 限定到点 / restrict 限定到范围
Ambitins : New Year reslutin
--A gd beginning is half success.
An all-night party n New Year's Eve prvided me with a gd excuse fr nt carrying ut either f these new reslutins n the first day f the year, but n the secnd, I applied myself assiduusly t the task.
Apply neself t / apply ne’s time t / apply ne’s mind / energy t / be devted / dedicated t
--In 2002, I shall apply myself t learning English.
The daily exercises lasted nly eleven minutes and I prpsed t d them early in the mrning befre anyne had gt up.
Prpse t d / prpsal
--I prpse t d / I decided t d.
The self-discipline required t drag myself ut f bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was cnsiderable.
Required 与 The self-discipline 是动宾关系
--The self-discipline required t study English hard is cnsiderable as well.
Nevertheless, I managed t creep dwn int the living rm fr tw days befre anyne fund me ut.
Nevertheless : hwever
After jumping abut n the carpet and twisting the human frame int uncmfrtable psitins, I sat dwn at the breakfast table in an exhausted cnditin.
in an exhausted cnditin : exhausted
It was this that betrayed me.
It……that……句型
--It was exhausted cnditin that betrayed my secret.
The next mrning the whle family trped in t watch the perfrmance.
Trp in : went / came int the rm in grup
That was really unsettling, but I fended ff the taunts and jibes f the family gd-humuredly and sn everybdy gt used t the idea.
Unsettle : upset
Fend ff : defeat
Hwever, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell t zer. By January 10th, I was back t where I had started frm.
Wane : diminish step by step
I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the mrning, I wuld keep my mind fresh fr reading when I gt hme frm wrk.
Argue : gt a gd excuse
Keep ne’s mind fresh fr ding sth.
Resisting the hypntizing effect f televisin, I sat in my rm fr a few evenings with my eyes glued t bk.
The temptatin t d
One night, hwever, feeling cld and lnely, I went dwnstairs and sat in frnt f the televisin pretending t read. That prved t be my unding, fr I sn gt back t my ld bad habit f dzing ff in frnt f the screen.
Slip back int ur bad ld ways / I was back t where I had started frm / gt back t my ld bad habit
Dzing ff : half sleep
--I sn gt back t my ld bad habit f ndding.
I still haven't given up my reslutin t d mre reading. In fact, I have just bught a bk entitled Hw t Read a Thusand Wrds a Minute. Perhaps it will slve my prblem, but I just haven't had time t read it!
a bk entitled : a bk which is entitled
Special difficulties 难点
Mentally 本质上，内心里 at heart / in the mind
Frmidable : causing fear
Recur year in year ut : ccur again, appear year after year
beynd attainment : can nt be attained / accmplished / achieved
Inveterate : deep rted
Frustratin : disappintment in ne’s mind r the feeling that yu get frm yu failure
Carry ut = put int practice
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1…正确答案：C--I chse the jb which I think is within my scpe.2…正确答案：A
3…正确答案：D ne’s effrt t d sth. 干什么事所做出的努力
句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键
4…正确答案：D 5…正确答案：B 6…正确答案：C7…正确答案：B
8…正确答案：A
Private 强调私人所有的 / slitary 宁静的、孤独的 he is leading a slitary life.
Intimate 亲密的
9…正确答案：C
meanwhile = at the same time little by little = step by step by all means 通过各种方式
just the same = in spite f this = still
10…正确答案：Cgather arund 聚集在...周围 march 行军而过 a flck f sheep 一群羊
11...正确答案：B
fade 褪色、凋零 The flwer has already began t fade. The clr f the dress faded.
Run ut 用完、用光 We run ut f petrl.Evaprate 蒸发、消失，渐渐化为乌有
12…正确答案：B
Lessn 52 Mud is Mud 实事求是
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
permanent adj.永久的
tintv.给...染色
delicateadj.淡色的
shade n.色度
bservant adj.观察力敏锐的
grayish adj.浅灰色的
dispel v.驱散，消除
utlandish adj.稀奇古怪的
acquisitin n.获得
csmetic n.化妆品
utrageus adj.无理的
fanciful adj. 想象出来的
insluble adj.不可溶解的
prmpt v.敦促，激励
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的
syllable n.音节
bewildermentn.迷惑，糊涂
freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显然地，明显地
weird adj.奇异的，古怪的
cncctin n.调制品
intxicate v.陶醉，得意忘形
blank adj.无表情的
discreetly adv.谨慎地
clutch v.抓住
adrn v.装饰，打扮
mud is mud实事求是
同义 spade is spade 实事求是
fact is fact
permanent adj. 永久的 ~jb/huse
----temprary临时的
tint v. 给...染色一般了解
eg. Tint the paper yellw把纸染成黄色
delicate adj.淡色的 清淡的,雅致的
eg. I like the delicate dress
shade n.色度 荫凉 in the shade 在萌凉处 shady adj.
短语 in the shady street / in the shady spt
bservant adj.观察力敏锐的
grayish adj.浅灰色的 light gray
dispel v.驱散,消除
utlandish adj.稀奇古怪的 dd/strange/ fantastic , queer , peculiar , weird强调奇异的古怪的,相当于dd
同义 eccentric古怪的
eg. I can't get alng well with the weird.
因为离奇而让人产生奇怪
utlandish : queer dd
----strange and unpleasant 奇怪也让人感觉到不开心
weird: strange and unnatural
----difficult t understand不可思议的,荒唐的
acquisitin n.获得 * acquire get gain btain 获得技能，信息勇气
acquire cnfidence /curage/knwledge/skills
acquisitin : the act f acquiring
eg. He devtes his time t the acquisitin f knwledge
devte ne's time t
既包括精神上的也包括物质上的
the acquisitin f sth. (通常形式)
Acquiring cnfidence is essential.
The acquisitin f cnfidence is essential.
The acquisitin f skills is necessary in the mdern sciety.
acquirement 仅指精神上的获得
acquisitin可以指泛泛的概念
the acquisitin/acquirement f knwledge知识的获得
the acquisitin f mney 金钱的获得
The acquisitin f mney is what a large number f peple run after.
the ~ f sth.
csmetic n.化妆品
utrageus adj.无理的 He fund my ffer utrageus.
unreasnable irratinal illgical ridiculus unpleasant unpleasing
fanciful 想象出来的 imaginable
imagining ding / fancying ding
insluble adj.不可溶解的 slve解决 inslve 不可溶解
*** prmpt v.敦促,激励 vt. urge sb. t d sth. Persuade sb. t d sth.怂勇某人作某事
prmpt sb. t d
eg. What prmpted him t be s generus.什么事情使他这么慷慨大方呢
Our discussin prmpted sme questins.我们的讨论引出了几个问题
lead t ; cause ; result in; prmpt激励，敦促
eg. What prmpts yu t study English s hard?
prmptly adv.
Prmpt : quick
take measure 采取措施
eg. He tk a prmpt measure.
He made a prmpt decisin.他做出了果断的决定。
swift His rise t fame was swift.他出名这事可以说是相当迅速。
swift 没有任何干扰，一点也不费力的连续不断的迅速.形容相当快
----The car is ging fast.
----The car is ging swiftly.
He made rapid/swift prgress.
rapid:迅速的 某事发生的速度快
rapid recvery 快速康复
He is still yung , s his recvery is rapid.
speedy dn't d it in such a speedy way
haste : mre haste less speed 欲速则不达
hasty 匆匆忙忙，草率
----Smetimes we make a decisin in a haste way.
----Smetimes we make a decisin in a hastily.
exclusive adj.专售高档商品的
syllable n.音节
bewilderment n.迷惑,糊涂
bewilder :puzzle
eg. Yur questin puzzled me.
bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
eg. Yesterday I went shpping ,but cuntless beautiful dresses bewildered me.
in bewilderment处于茫眼不知所措之中
freckle n.雀斑
evidently adv.显示地,明显地 evident显眼的，突出的
eg. She is evident at party.她在晚会上很突出
in evidence 相当于evident evidently
weird adj.奇异的,古怪的
cncctin n.调制品
intxicate v.陶醉,得意忘形 excite greatly beynd self cntrl
be intxicated by
be intxicated with
When we pass ur imprtant examinatins , we are intxicated with ur success.
intxicate 使喝醉
If yu drink t much whiskey ,yu will get intxicated.
get drunk 喝多了
becme intxicated
intxicating令人陶醉的
intxicatin
----He failed in his examinatin ,but he was intxicated with that ,and his intxicatin was beynd my understanding.
blank adj.无表情的
discreetly adv.谨慎地 discreet=careful in speech and actin
----He's discreet in giving his pinin.
----He's discreet in airing his views.
言行举止很谨慎
eg. When yu have t make a big decisin, particularly in frnt f a large number f peple ,yu must be discreet.
be discreet in ding sth.
careful 细心的 只是表明细心的，并不表示谨慎
Whatever we d ,we must be careful.
Be careful, a car is rushing twards yu.
cautius 谨慎的 既表示谨慎也表示细心
He is a cautius persn ,s whatever he des ,he is nt nly discreet but careful as well.
cnsiderate考虑周到的，细心的 thughtful
Yu will live easily if yu have a cnsiderate friend with yu.
prudent慎重的，与细心无关
Yu must make a prudent decisin.
wary 小心翼翼的 比careful语气要强
tactful机智的 tact机智 表示考虑周全的
clutch v,抓住 snatch seize grasp clasp
adrn v.装饰,打扮
well decrated walls 装饰得很漂亮的墙壁
adrn打扮，配戴 eg. We adrn ur rms with flwers.
decrate 装修 Newly weds embark n the task f decrating their new huse.
新婚夫妇忙着装修他们的新房子
adrn 装点
He adrned his stry with all srts f adventures that never happened.
adrn sth. with
She adrned her dress with a lace.
rnament v.增添细节或装饰物 同adrn
The dress is rnamented/adrned with lace.
一位珠光宝气，身穿皮衣的女士
a wman adrned in jewelry and fur
in jeans in jewelry in fur
a miss adrned in mink cat
a beautifully adrned rm装饰的
a beautifully decrated huse 装修的
Text 课文
Mud is Mud
Mud is mud 实事求是
直接了当叙述事物，人物，地点
(记叙文)
My cusin , Harry , keeps a large curiusly shaped bttle n permanent display in his study .
keep sth. n permanent display
curiusly-shaped 形状奇怪的
eg. wine bttles f all shapes and sizes
Despite the fact that the bttle is tinted a delicate shade f green , an bservant visitr wuld sn ntice that it is filled with what lks like a thick , grayish substance.
despite the fact that
in spite f the fact that
尽管事实如此
wuld现在有可能存在
used t 过去常常存在而现在不了
He wuld ften have class in the mrning.
if yu shuld 和if yu were t 可能互换
what lks like---what所引导的层次结构,what起的作用就是一个修饰的词汇
If yu were t ask Harry what was in the bttle , he wuld tell yu that it cntained perfumed mud.
说明将来事实相反的一种虚拟,假设
shuld +动原. 可能性大
were t +动原.可能性极小
If yu expressed dubt r surprise he wuld immediately invite yu t smell it and then t rub sme int yur skin. This brief experiment wuld dispel any further dubts yu might entertain.
brief简单的 简洁迅速
simple
The bttle really des cntain perfumed mud, Hw Harry came int the pssessin f this utlandish stuff makes an interesting stry which he is fnd f relating. Furthermre, the acquisitin f this bttle cured him f a bad habit he had been develping fr years.
des用来加强语气
cme int the pssessin f sth.获得的过程
eg. ----Hw Harry married his beautiful wife makes an interesting stry.
Harry是怎么样娶了这样一位漂亮的妻子还有一段有趣的故事。
采用一般现在时态
he is fnd f relating=he is fnd f talking abut
stuff=material=substance
furthermre=what is mre=mre ver
furthermre……. (承接上文)这个瓶子的获得，还治好了他的一个坏毛病。
that引导定语从句(省略)
wn habits by heart 积习难改，本性难移
Harry used t cnsider it a great jke t g int expensive csmetic shps and make utrageus requires fr gds that d nt exist.
cnsider is a great jke t d sth. 把做某事看作是巨大的乐趣,是件开心的事.
cnsider it great fun
cnsider it great amusement
cnsider it a great jy
He wuld invent fanciful names n the spt. On entering a shp, he wuld ask fr a new perfume called "Scented Shadw' r fr 'insluble bath cubes'.
He wuld/used t invent names imaginable n the spt.
n the spt 当场，当时
n entering a shp=as sn as he enters a shp
pretend t d装做...
cnsiderably=greatly
n ding sth.
If a shp girl tld him she had nt heard f it, he wuld pretend t be cnsiderably put ut.
pretend t d….
put ut=upset=anny 经常用在被动语态当中
eg. --He was put ut by my rude wrds.
我的粗鲁的话语使他非常的生气/恼怒。
He lved t be tld that ne f his imaginary prducts was temprarily ut f stck and he wuld faithfully prmise t call again at sme future date, but f curse he never did.
imaginary虚构的，想象的
ut f stck 脱销，没有货
faithfully prmise信誓旦旦地说
at sme future date=sme day=ne day
Hw Harry managed t keep a straight face during these perfrmances is quite beynd me.
keep a straight face=keep serius 板起面孔
hw引导主语从句…谓语动词用一般现在时
is quite beynd me=is quite beynd my understanding
=is quite beynd my imaginatin
Harry des nt need t be prmpted t explain hw he bught his precius bttle f mud.
keep sth. n permanent display 永远展示，陈列
----We dn't knw hw he came int (the) pssessin f the farm.
----Yu needn't encurage him t explain his stry.
f his wn accrd自然而然地，相当于willingly
One day, he went t an exclusive shp in Lndn and asked fr ' Myrlite '.
exclusive shp:nly wealthy peple can visit such expensive shp
exclusive right t publish their stries
exclusive 1独家的，独占的2不相容的
The schl is exclusive.
exclusive shp专售高档商品的商店
The shp assistant lked puzzled and Harry repeated the wrd, slwly stressing each syllable.
puzzled 茫然不知所措
When the girl shk her head in bewilderment, Harry went n t explain that ' myrlite ' was a hard, amber-like substance which culd be used t remve freckles.
bewildered
stressing加重每一个音节
g n t d sth.继续做别的事情
cat-like;dg-like
amber-like像琥一样的
be used t d被用来干...
be used t ding习惯于做...
This explanatin evidently cnveyed smething t the girl wh searched shelf after shelf.
She prduced all srts f weird cncctins, but nne f them named with Harry's requirements.
shelf after shelf=ne shelf after anther
prduced=shwed
He prduced a cigarette t me.他拿出了一颗烟给我.
meet with sb's requirements
requirements=demands
When Harry put n his act f being mildly annyed, the girl prmised t rder sme fr him .
put n his act f ding 装模作样
put n =pretend
She said that she felt ill,but she was just putting it n.
她说她生病了，其实她只是装出来的。
He put n the act f understanding me/what I said.
他装出理解我的话的样子。
He pretends t be wealthy.
He put n an act f being wealthy.
Intxicated by his success, Harry then asked fr perfumed mud. He expected the girl t lk at him in blank astnishment.
in blank astnishment 茫然惊奇地
amazed 惊奇的
The custm fficer's face lit up as sn as he saw the tiny bttle n the bttm f my suitcase.
Hwever, it was hw turn t be surprised, fr the girl's eyes immediately lit up and she fetched several bttles which she placed n the cunter fr Harry t inspect.
inspect=chse=select
Fr nce, Harry had t admit defeat. He picked up what seemed t be the smallest bttle and discreetly asked the price.
admit defeat =take a beating认输
My aunt Harriet fund piles f bttles f all shapes and sizes in what had been Bessie's wardrbe.
what was in thse days enlisted plicy当时所谓的开明政策
seemed t be=lked like
He was glad t get away with a mere five guineas and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precius bttle under his arm.
discreet言行小心
retreat撤退，指大规模的撤退
beat a retreat溜走
hasty=speedy
He left the shp as quickly as pssible.
clutching现在分词做伴随状况状语
夸张的口吻
I gt away with precius chalk marks n my luggage.
Frm then n, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prve t be expensive. The curius bttle which nw adrns the bkcase in his study was his first and last purchase f rare csmetics.
pay the price付出代价
----The girl studies English well wh lives in my neighburhd.
----The girl, wh lives in my neighburhd ,studies English well.
admit defeat认输
beat a hasty retreat匆忙溜掉
stress each syllable加强音节
in bewilderment
in blank astnishment
补充：
一、词组
curiusly shaped奇形怪状的ddly shaped
n display陈列 n shw
what lks like一种看上去像things that lk like
came int the pssessin f有，手里有gt(tk) pssessin f
in fnd f喜欢 is attached t ,likes
cured him f医好了他的...,made him cmpletely better in health after an attack f ...(illness)
n the spt当场，立即 immediately
pretend t假惺惺装作 t appear, say ,claim falsely in rder t mislead
be put ut不悦t cause sb t feel uncmfrtable ,annyed
was ut f stck没有存货 had nthing in stck
at sme future date不日 at an uncertain date
keep a straight face扮得一本正经 in all seriusness, in dead earnest(be)
is quite beynd me:令我费解 beynd me = beynd my ken
be prmpted t提醒 be incited t
in bewilderment 迷惑不解地 in a state f blank perplexity
went n t接着began t
cnveyed sth. T对...有所启示 made (sth.) knwn t (sb.) 对...说明某一问题
met with requirements符合需要，满足要求 satisfied ne's needs.
put n his act f装作acted as if he were...
intxicated by沉醉于，这里是被动形式，本身沉醉于用 be intxicated with (success)
in blank astnishment目瞪口呆地 dumbfunded
lit up现出喜悦的神情 became mre cheerful
fr nce就这一次n this ne ccasin
admit defeat认输 thrw up the spnge ,give up
picked up拿起lifted smething frm...
what seemed t be那种似乎是 that seemed t be...
get away离开leave
beat a (hasty) retreat急忙退却，逃之夭夭 withdraw quickly
little game小小玩笑 little trick
二、若干表达法示例
1.put ut 不高兴
----1) He seemed greatly put ut by the arrival f the new wrkers.
----2) She never gets put ut even by the mst difficult maters.
2.n the spt 当场
----1) N ne culd lk at that dear sweet little face f yurs withut falling in lve with yu n the spt.
----2) He did it n the spt.
----3) He died n the spt.
3.cnvey t 把什么一种...使人理解
----1) Hw can I cnvey these idea t the children?
----2) The phrase des nt cnvey this meaning.
----3) This descriptin, picture ,sketch will cnvey sme idea f the scenery.
----4) It cnveyed t me the idea f a battlefield.
(idea是概况的意思)
4 lit up 显出愉悦的神情
----1) Her face lit up with jy when she heard the gd news.
----2) A smile lit up his face.
5 beat a retreat 退却
----1) They beat a retreat when they saw that they were t few.
----2) The cat beat a hasty retreat when he saw the dg cming.
----3) He beat a retreat ,when he saw me.
----4) The enemy beat a hasty retreat when they fund the place ccupied.
----5) Seeing that his rival was utwitting him ,he beat a hasty retreat by saying that he was nt feeling well and had t g t the dctr's.
Lessn 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
evlve v. 逐渐形成
= develp gradually
-- He has develped /evlved a new system fr running the factry.
evlve a system fr ding sth
形成了发展了一套…的体系
evlve frm 演化
--Man has evlved frm the ape(类人猿).
evlutin n. 发展,演变
--The evlutin isn’t unexpected.
-ism / scialism / evlutinism / evlutinist / evlutinal
evlutinism n.进化论
evlutinist n.进化论者
evlutinal a.发展的，进化的
reslve / reslve t d sth / reslutin / revlve
reslve v. 下决心
reslve t d sth 下定决心做某事
reslutin n.解决
revlve v.旋转
--The earth is rund ,and every day and night it is revlving.
invlve / be invlved in
invlve v.卷入,牵涉
--He is invlved in the case.
cmpetent : having ability / qualificatin t d sth.
有资格去做某事
be cmpetent t d sth..
be cmpetent fr sth..
=qualified / fit
--He is cmpetent / qualified / fit fr the jb.
incmpetent / unfit
cmpetent : sufficient / enugh adequate
--He has a cmpetent knwledge f French.
--He is cmpetent t teach the language.
cmpetence / qualificatin fr / t
the cmpetence fr / t
--He has the ability t d the jb.
他有能力做这项工作
--He has the capability / capacity f ding the jb.
cmpetence 侧重点在于能够胜任
--He has the cmpetence t d / fr the jb.
最好的解释是qualificatin
ver-zealusly a.过分热情地
ver-zealus / zealusly
safeguard v./n.保护(正式,书面语或严肃大的场合下)
prtect v.保护
--We must safeguard ur mtherland.
--We must safeguard ur state territrial integrity.
--Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease.
safeguard / guard. 保安
--We need several safeguards.
safeguard / prtect ur eyes.
grievance n.不平,冤屈
grief n.极度的悲伤
--I can’t g t the cinema with yu tnight because I have t cmfrt my friend in grief.
grieve v.: cause grief t 使悲伤，是伤心
--It grieves me t see him in such bad health.
grieve fr / abut / ver 为什么而悲伤
grief / in grief
grieve / it grieves me…..
secretive adj. 保密的
secretive letters保密的信件
crrespndence n.来往信件
keep up crrespndence 保持通信联系
--keep in tuch with sb. by writing letters
--We keep up crrespndence recently fr several years.
by / thrugh crrespndence =by writing letters
crrespndence schl 函授学校
crrespndence curse 函授课程
crrespndence : agreement / similarity 相似，一致，和…相符
in crrespndence with sb. 与…相一致 ; 与某人有通信
bring sth. int crrespndence with sth 使某事与另一事相一致
--We must bring yur idea int crrespndence with mine.
crrespndent n. 通讯员,通信者
alter vt .改变 : change in character, appearance etc. partly
--The shirt must be altered .It is t large.
change v.完全,彻底的变化,往往指以新代旧
--Great changes have taken place in ur cuntry.
--He changed a lt after s many years f hard wrk ,s I even can’t recgnise him.
cnvert v.改变 (态度/信仰等)
--He cnverted t Buddhism. 他改信佛教了。
--The new huse is cnverted frm an ld ne.
transfrm v.在形态或性质上发生变化,尤其指物理能量或电压的改变
--We can transfrm ne frm f energy int anther.
vary v.改变(强调事物在不同时间\条件\状况下的变化,强调多样化)
--Custms vary with the times.风俗随时代而变化。
turn =change
ascertain v.查出,查明=find ut / get t knw / make certain / make sure
--Let us ascertain when we will hld the party.
prejudiced a.有偏见的,不公平的
prejudice n.
pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见
prmpt adj. 即时的
prmpt / swift / rapid / speedy / hasty
Text 课文
The Scandinavian cuntries are much admired all ver the wrld fr their enlightened scial plicies.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。
fr : because f
be admired fr 因为…而受到羡慕钦佩。
--He is admired by us fr his humr.
Wrldwide 全世界范围内
Sweden has evlved an excellent system fr prtecting the individual citizen frm highhanded r incmpetent public fficers.
在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。
evlve a system fr ding sth.. 形成了发展了一套…的体系
prtect 可用safeguard frm 替换，更加正规。
--I can’t cnceal my amusement. （信 达 雅）
我不能掩饰我幸灾乐祸的心情。
--Yur excitement is beynd me.
你的激动的心情是我难以理解的。
所以原文要把迫害欺压的字眼翻译出来。
evlve an excellent system fr ding sth..
The system has wrked s well, that it has been adpted in ther cuntries t.
由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。
has wrked s well : wrkable
adpt / adapt （ 四级辨析 ）
adpt 采纳
adapt 改编，以适应
The Swedes were the first t recgnize that public fficial like civil servants, plice fficers, health inspectrs r tax-cllectrs can make mistakes r act ver-zealusly in the belief that they are serving the public.
是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。
unsuitable mistakes 很不合情理的错误
were the first / secnd / last / nly t d sth.
public fficials : publics fficers 政府工作人员
in the belief that : believe in 都是介词短语或分词结构在这里做状语，它们和make， act相搭配。
--He turned t me fr help because he believed that I culd help him.（书面语就不要用）
--He turned t me fr help in the belief that I culd lend him a hand.
--He turned t me fe help believing that I culd lend him a hand.
他向我求助，因为他相信我会帮他。
in the hpe : hping
in the thught : thinking
--We cme here in the hpe that we will learn English well.
--We cme here hping t learn English well.
我们来到这里为了把英语学好
under the impressin that
--Judges, hwever wise r eminent, are mrtal and can make mistakes.
As lng ag as 1809, the Swedish Parliament intrduced a scheme t safeguard the interest f the individual.
早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。
As lng ag as 1809 : dating back t 1809追溯的1809年
Date back t / date frm
intrduce : bring in 引入
--He intrduced science t the game bxing.
--He brught science int the game bxing.
Scheme 制度
59课
--Smetimes, yu need t find a right place t put yur latest additin.
为最新的收藏品寻找一个合适的位置。
A parliamentary cmmittee representing all plitical parties appints a persn wh is suitably qualified t investigate private grievances against the State.
议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。
represent 代表
--The statue represented a gddess.
在使用代表什么的利益的时候，一定注意用-ing形式做定语。
A mnitr representing his classmates.
be qualified t d sth. / be cmpetent t d sth. 有能力有资格去做某事
The fficial title f the persn is 'Justitembudsman', but the Swedes cmmnly refer t him as the 'J.O.' r 'Ombudsman'.
此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“J.O.”，即“司法特派员”。
refer t sb. as 被称之为…
The Ombudsman is nt subject t plitical pressure.
司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。
be subject t sth . （1）表示易受……的影响 ，t是介词 ；隶属于，受…的限制
--He is subject t cld during winter.
be likely t d
He is likely t catch cld during winter.
be prne t易受……的影响 ，有可能如何，t是介词
--He is prne t flu during winter.
在冬季他容易得流感。
be liable t d
（2）隶属于，受…的限制
--Yur plan is subject t my apprval.
--We have a gd plan , but the plan must be subject t ur teacher’s apprval.
He investigates cmplaints large and small that cme t him frm all levels f sciety.
他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。
cmplaints large and small 形容词短语作定语通常放在被修饰名词的后面。Cmplaints就替换上面的grievances。
--A great many students , by and girl . went t the party yesterday.
--Many peple, ld and yung , visit the shp.
As cmplaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average f 1,200 letters a year.
由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。
be made in writing : be written dwn
an average f 平均
--I wrk fr 8 hurs every day.
--I wrk fr an average f 8 hurs a day.
--We have gt 15 students in each class.
each 两个的平均
every 三个以上的平均
--We have gt an average f 15students in each / every class.
--He has eight lawyer assistants t help him and examines every single letter in detail.
in detail. / in details 详细地
If a citizen's cmplaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act n his behalf.
如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。
Justified ： justice 符合事实的，公正的
On his behalf : in his interest 代表他的利益
注意介词的应用
The actin he takes varies accrding t the nature f the cmplaint.
司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。
Varies / varied / varius
名词前加定冠词the表示“这一类”时，名词就不要加表示复数的s，否则则表示这部分。
--The refrigeratrs are useful during ht summer. （错）
--The refrigeratr is useful during ht summer.
--Refrigeratrs are useful during ht summer.
--A refrigeratr is useful during ht summer.
nature : character 特性
He may gently reprimand an fficial r even suggest t parliament that a law the altered.
他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。
a law ( shuld ) be altered 省略了shuld
suggest t sb. 像某人提建议
The fllwing case is a typical example f the Ombudsman's wrk..
下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。
--The fllwing case is a typical example f it yu can judge by yurself.
是一个常用的句式。
A freigner living in a Swedish village wrte t the Ombudsman cmplaining that he had been ill-treated by the plice, simply because he was a freigner.
一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。
A freigner living in a Swedish village :=A freigner wh is living in a Swedish village
--A freigner wrte a letter t the Ombudsman cmplaining ……
--The editr sent a fax instructing the jurnalist t get statistics.
simply because : nly because / just because 只是因为…
There was nthing in the recrd t shw that the freigner's cmplaint was justified and the Chief f Plice strngly denied the accusatin.
材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。
accuse sb. f ding sth. 指责，指控某人做某事
accusatin. n. 控告
It was impssible fr the Ombudsman t take actin, but when he received a similar cmplaint frm anther freigner in the same village, he immediately sent ne f his layers t investigate the matter.
司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。
The matter : the case
The lawyer ascertained that a pliceman had indeed dealt rughly with freigners n several ccasins.
律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。
ascertain that / sth.
=made sure that / made certain that
dealt rughly with= ill-treated 很粗暴的对待
The fact that the pliceman was prejudiced against freigners culd nt be recrded in the fficial files.
警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载。
这是一个同位语从句
be prejudiced against sb. / sth. 对什么有偏见
--If yu are prejudiced against sth. , yu must take bjectin t it.
It was nly pssible fr the Ombudsman t find this ut by sending ne f his representatives t check the facts.
司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。
find this ut : t discver it
check the facts : verify the facts 核对事实
句中注意nly的位置
--It is nly pssible fr us t learn the language well if we study hard.
representative n ./ represent v.代表
--a cmmittee representing all plitical parties 代表各个政党的委员会
representatives 代表了上文的lawyer assistants
The pliceman in questin was severely reprimanded and was infrmed that if any further cmplaints were ldged against him, he wuld prsecuted.
当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。
in questin 涉嫌
注意句子结构的一致性
The Ombudsman's prmpt actin at nce put an end t an unpleasant practice which might have gne unnticed.
司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。
practice : what the pliceman did / the way that he treated with freigners
put an end t （关键短语）把什么画上了一个句号 不妨翻译成停止了，结束了
=stp
prevent 阻止，妨碍 有时强调妨碍，会引起歧义
--Yu prevent me frm ding the wrk.
which might have gne unnticed ： which might have gne withut being nticed
--If they had had nly ne mre child , they wuld have lived in bscurity unnticed.（45课）
他们依旧过着贫困的生活而不会引起任何人的注意。Unnticed形容词在这里做状语
Multiple chice questins 多项选择 flash中没有 changtng 2004-3-8
Lessn 54 Instinct r cleverness? 是本能还是机智
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
wage v.进行(斗争)
=begin and cntinue a struggle
=carry n 表示开始进行
=undertake t d 着手
--He undertk t infrm peple cncerned.
wage a war against / n 就什么方面展开斗争
--Life means perpetual struggle against pverty.
engage in不仅开展,而且全身心地投入
be engaged in / be determined n sth / be dedicated t sth / be devted t sth
cntaminate v.弄脏,玷污
: make dirty r bad r impure by mixing with dirty r pisnus matter
--Dn’t eat the apple .It has been cntaminated by flies.
--Dn’t read the ht stry ( 黄色书刊 )just because it will cntaminate (毒害)yur mind.
pllute v. 污染
--The air has been plluted severely / terribly / badly.
pllutin n.
plluted a.
tint vt. 弄脏( 通常用被动语态,突出坏因素对人的负面影响 )
=cntaminate
--Dn’t read the ht stry just because it will cntaminate / tint yur mind.
--His reputatin was tinted by the scandal.(丑闻)
ful :make sth dirty
--Dgs are frbidden t g int the streets because we are afraid the streets will be fuled.
--The factry is respnsible fr fuling up the air.
ful up=pllute
defile : make sth impure
=cntaminate 使污染，内含不纯
--I like hney ,but I dn’t want t drink the hney defiled by flies.
pisn vt 污染(较口语化)
= ful up / pllute
--Gases frm cars are pisning the air f ur city.
prvcatin n. 惹怒，激怒
prvke v.激起
=make angry r bad-tempered / cause 挑衅，引起，激起
--He was prvked beynd his endurance.
--He was prvked and it was mre than he culd endure.
他是怒不可遏。
aruse v. 激起
--The bk aruses / prvkes my interest.
bring abut / result in / lead t / give rise t
prvke sb’s interest in sth 激起某人兴趣
prvke sb t d / prvke sb int ding / cause sb t d sth 致使某人做某时
--Yu prvked him t say s,why?
revulsin n.厌恶
=disgust / dislike
uncanny a.神秘的,不可思议的
mysterius a. 神秘的
--They are leading a mysterius life.
--In spite f this ,he survived mysteriusly.
eerie a.怪诞的,奇异的
--He lks eerie.
--What he said is eerie t me.
weird a.怪异的,怪诞的,奇异的
--I can’t get alng well with him because he is a weird persn.
--Why d yu decide t marry such a weird persn?
cryptic a.神秘的,突出鬼鬼祟祟的
--Why did yu d such a little thing in a cryptic way.
erase v.擦,抹去
--Erase the idea frm yur mind!
--He erases the name frm the namelist.
cancel 取消
write ff 把……勾销，注销
crss ff 把……划去
--The wrd is unnecessary here, s it crssed ff.
wipe ut 完全擦掉
--I want t write n the blackbard , s I have t wipe all the wrds here ut.
--I can’t imaging why yur are s ht ,please wipe ut sweat n yur face.
bliterate v. 涂去
--He bliterated tw wrds in ink / with a pen.
--I bliterate the wrd with chalk.
entranced a.出神的
entrance n/vt: carry away with jy and delight
entrance t the rm / hall
be entranced in thught想得入了迷/出了神
--I dn’t knw what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thught.
be entranced with fear 吓得魂不附体
--At the stry at night , I was entranced with fear.
be pleased with / be satisfied with / be ppular with / entranced with +Perfrmance/film/bk
表示入迷
--He was entranced with film.
--Are yu entranced with the stry?
--He listened t the stry entranced.
--The writer watched ants entranced.
ingenuity n.机灵
--The by shws ingenuity in making tys.
这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。
Text 课文
We have been brught up t fear insects.
我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。
We have been brught up t eat certain fd.
We have learnt t d… 表示已经学会适应了什么。
--We have learnt t fear insects.
--Girls have been brught up t fear mice.
We regard them as unnecessary creatures that d mre harm than gd.
我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。
d mrn harm than gd
--The exercise will d yu gd.
--Smking will d yu harm.
We cntinually wage war n them, fr they cntaminate ur fd, carry diseases, r devur ur crps.
人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。
Wage war against / wage war n them
devur 吞噬
--Tw dgs benefited frm the accident and they devured the remains f the cake.
--Her eyes devur the beautiful dress
They sting r bite withut prvcatin; they fly uninvited int ur rms n summer nights, r beat ageist ur lighted windws.
它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。
fly uninvited int ur rms / withut being invited
做定语时，light只能用lighted形式
We live in dread nt nly f unpleasant insects like spiders r wasps, but f quite harmless ne like mths.
我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。
书面语中常常借助介词短语
口语中I did s as / because I believe that yu can d it well.
我这样做是因为我相信你能把这项工作做得很好。
书面语中 I did s in the belief that…
in the thught that / in the hpe that
in / under 书面语中常使用
--Even he still lives under the illusin that cuntry life is much mre beautiful.
我的这些朋友还依旧抱有一种幻想乡村生活更美。
--We live under the illusin that city life is wnderful.
in dread : in fear
in dread f 害怕什么
dread ding / dread t d
nes : insects
在使用nt nly ……, but (als)……(as well)句型时，要突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词，则此介词要重复出现。
--I live in dread nt nly f dgs, but f cats.
be afraid f
--I am afraid nt nly f dgs , but f cats.
bth……and……
--We live in dread f bth dgs and cats.
--I am interested nt nly in English , but in French.
Reading abut them increases ur understanding withut dispelling ur fears.
阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。
dispel : erase / get rid f / remve 消除，去除
Knwing that the industrius ant lives in a highly rganized sciety des nthing t prevent us frm being filled with revulsin when we find hrdes f them crawling ver a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。
in a highly rganized sciety 具有高度组织性的社会
--We live in a highly rganized sciety.
des nthing t d 不会起作用
--Ding s des nthing t prevent me frm hating yu.
Prevent sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
--Nthing will prevent me frm saying s.
--Whatever yu say des nthing t prevent me frm attaining / accmplishing my gal.
无论你说什么都不会阻止我去实现我的梦想。
Accmplish gal / attain gal
Accmplish aim / attain aim
Hrde / clny
Crawl / creep / climb
N matter hw much we like hney, r hw much we have read abut the uncanny sense f directin which bees pssess, we have a hrrr f being stung.
不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。
N matter hw : hwever much
Dread / fear / hrrr / terrr 语气逐步加强
--We becme illgical when we have a hrrr f being stung.
Mst f ur fears are unreasnable, but they are impssible t erase.
我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。
It is impssible fr us t d sth
It is impssible fr us t erase the fears.
It is easy fe everyne t read ./ it is easy t read.
At the same time, hwever, insects are strangely fascinating.
同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。
Be fascinated with 对……着迷
Strangely / uncanny 神秘的
We enjy staring at them, entranced as they g abut their business, unaware (we hpe) f ur presence.
我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。
g abut their business : as they d what they shuld d 干它们应该干的事
as they get dwn t their business
--let us get dwn t ur business. 让我们言归正传。
--Yu shuld g abut yur business. 干你们应该干的事情。
注意该句的平行结构。
Wh has nt std in awe at the sight f a spider puncing n a fly, r a clumn f ants triumphantly bearing hme an enrmus dead beetle?
当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？
Stand in awe : fear but respect 敬畏
At the sight f : as sn as yu see……一看到……
Punce n : jump at / charge at 向什么猛扑过去
Stand in awe f 敬畏什么
--Generally speaking , emplyees stand in awe f their emplyer.
--In primary schl , pupils stand in awe f their teacher.
A clny f ants 一群蚂蚁
Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thusands f ants crawling up the trunk f my prize peach tree.
去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。
Prize ： dear
I am especially prud f it, nt nly because it has survived several severe winters, but because it ccasinally prduces luscius peaches.
那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。
如果要突出原因，则要重复 because.
During the summer, I nticed tat the leaves f the tree were beginning t wither.
到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎.
Wither 枯萎
Hrde / clny / clumn / cluster
一般形容小的动物。
Clusters f tin insects called aphids were t be fund n the underside f the leaves.
结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。
Were t be fund / were fund
See / find / cngratulate 常和be t 搭配，用于被动语态
The by was fund behind the dr. 口语中
The by was t be fund behind the dr. 书面语中
--He was cngratulated by his friends.
--He was t be cngratulated by his friends.
We can’t find him anywhere. / we can find him nwhere. 到处也找不见他
He is nwhere t be fund / seen 比较正式的书面用语
They were visited by a large clny f ants which btained a srt f hney frm them.
蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。
Which btained : t btain
I immediately embarked n an experiment which, even thugh if failed t get rid f the ants, kept me fascinated fr twenty-fur hurs.
我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。
embarked n : set ut t d / set abut ding 正式的开始着手做某事
--I immediately set ut t d an experiment.
kept me fascinated ： kept me ccupied
I bund the base f the tree with sticky tape, making it impssible fr the ants t reach the aphids.
我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。
Bind / bund 捆绑
making it impssible fr sb. t d -ing形式做状语，进一步修饰前一步的情况。
--I wrk hard making it pssible t pass the examinatin.
--I prepared dinner carefully, making it pssible t please my guests.
The tape was s stick that they did nt dare t crss it.
胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。
The didn’t dare t crss it . / They dared nt crss it.
注意dare用法。
Need / Yu needn’t cme here n Sunday.
Yu dn’t need t cme here n Sunday.
Fr a lng time. I watched them scurrying arund the base f the tree in bewilderment.
在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。
In bewilderment : were lst 迷惑了
I even went ut at midnight with a trch and nted with satisfactin (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming arund the sticky tape withut being able t d anything abut it.
半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。Swarm arund 团团转
Withut being able t d anything abut it 茫然不知所措
=unable t d anything abut it
I gt up early next mrning hping t find that the ants had given up in despair.
第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试.
Hping t d : in the hpe that
I realized sadly that I had been cmpletely defeated by their ingenuity.
我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。
I tk a beating cmpletely.
The ants had been quick t find an answer t my thrughly unscientific methds!
蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！
Be quick t find an answer t / a slutin t
--Daniel Mendza was quick t learn.
--Ants are quick t find answer t their prblem.
Vcabulary 词汇
Cntaminate : make dirty , make impure.
Cntaminate / taint
Cntaminate / defile
Pllute / ful up / pisn
Devur : eat hungrily
Prvcatin : being made angry
Prvke : make angry
Dispelling : erasing
Dispel : erase
Nthing can dispel ur fear.
Industrius ：hard wrking
Revulsin : dislike
Puncing : jumping at suddenly
Punce n 猛扑向
The custms fficer punced n my tiny bttle.
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
Cmprehensin
1… 正确答案：B
ratinal 理性的 / irratinal 没理性的
lgical / illgical reasnable / unreasnable
ratinal / irratinal
utrageus / ridiculus
be likely t d 有可能做
n less likely 可能性不大
掌握we are n less likely t d sth.
2 正确答案：D

3 正确答案：A
虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反
4 正确答案：C
up and dwn 上上下下 / 来来回回
arund 来来回回
clusters f insects called aphids were t be fund n the underside f the leaves.
5 正确答案：C
与第一题结合
6 正确答案：A
与第一题结合
7 正确答案：C
in spite f / despite / in cntempt f / in disregard f
8正确答案：D
it takes sb. r sth. Sme time t d
表示花费某人某物多长时间
9正确答案：B
can nt help ding / can nt resist ding
表示禁不住
10 正确答案：B
uncanny 神秘的
11 正确答案：B
luscius 甘美的
12 正确答案：C
speedy / swift / rapid / fast / quick / speedy / hasty

Exercise (lessn 54)
Vcabulary
cntaminate v. 弄脏 玷污make dirty ,make impure
cntaminate / taint
cntaminate/defile
pllute/ful up/pisn
devur v.吞食 :eat hungrily
prvcatin n. 惹怒，挑衅 :being made angry prvke v. make angry
dispelling:erasing dispel:erase
industrius adj. 勤劳的hard wrking
nthing can dispel ur fear.
revulsin: dislike
puncing: jumping at suddenly punce n :猛扑向 jumping n
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
cmprehensin
1. 正确答案：B（该句背熟）
even thugh , yet it can nt with we have been brad up t fear them.
ratinal 有理性的 irratinal 无理性的
lgical/illgical reasnable/unreasnable ratinal/irratinal utrageus/ridiculus
be likely t d 有可能做某事
n less likely 可能性不大（双重之否定）
we are n less likely t d sth. (记熟)
2. 正确答案：D
3. 正确答案：A
4. 正确答案：C
up and dwn 上上下下/来来回回 arund 来来回回
Clusters f insects called aphids were t be fund n the underside f the leaves.
struture
5. 正确答案：C
6. 正确答案：A
7. 正确答案：C
in spite f /despite/in cntempt f/in disregard f
8. 正确答案：D
it takes sb. r sth. smetime t d .
9. 正确答案：B
can’t help ding sth. =can’t resist ding sth
10. 正确答案：Buncanny
11. 正确答案：B
luscius甘美的， delicius 修饰食物 extic 外来的
12. 正确答案：
迅速的：speedy （仓促的）/swift/rapid/fast/quick/speedy/hasty ingenuus 天真的老实的
by the inventive creatures 善于发明的动物 creative/inventive
Lessn 58 A spt f bther 一点小麻烦（记叙文）
Vcabulary
lift n. 电梯 elevatr
mnstrus adj. 极大的，可怕的 （个头比较大）mnstrus ghst 可怕的妖怪
negligence adj. 粗心大意的（正式） 不可数名词 carelessness
prudent adj. 谨慎的 discreet/cautius/careful
例句：we must be careful therwise we wuld get int the truble because f negeligence.
cmpsure n. 镇静 沉着 calm burglar
intruder n.入侵者 burglar夜盗
lurk v.潜藏 lurk in the darkness
hinder v. 妨碍 hinder sb frm ding sth.／prevent sb. frm ding sth. 阻止某人做某事
fingerprint n.指纹
chas n.混乱，无秩序 in the state f chas 杂乱无序的状态 rder／disrder cnfusin
incnceivable adj. 不可思议的 cnceive (f) 构想/I can’t cnceive f it
cnceive f …as 把．．看作为/I cnceive f the life there as beautiful picture.
regard as /describe as /imagine as/refer t…as/think f… as
cnceivable/incnceivable
veritable adj. 真正地，地道的
magpie n.喜欢收藏物品的人 a persn wh like t cllect things as a mania r serius hbby cllectr
tss v. 抛tss a cin /Let us tss a cin t decide.
disgard v.丢弃 abandn/desert/frsake
give up as useless因为没有用而放弃．desert放弃自己责任 desert/frsake放弃家人
disgard useless thing ／disgard A fr b 把A舍去换B
cnstable n. 警察
balcny n.阳台
ransack v. 洗劫 The rbbers ransack the bank.
fussy adj. 大惊小怪的 小题大做的 I knw that by ,he is fussy .(口语中)
课文讲解
a spt f bther: a bit f bther 一点小麻烦
exhausted/tired ut/wrn ut/ wear ut 筋疲力尽（此句背熟）
having a lessn tied me as my schl bag had grwn heavier with every step f the way hme.
thughts …n 整个心思
例句：I didn’t ntice u as that mment because my thughts were n the Text 课文bk.
Yu thughts must be n them.
in the belief that ..
a piece f negligence negligence 不可数 （此句背熟）
when :at that mment
ver 在．．周围
cnfusin: chas
it was as clear as that daylight that …
例句：he is as stubbrn as a mule.／he is as pr as a church muse.
bviusly
impulse
a strng tea 浓茶
regain :recver
she was ready t set ff t search fr any intruders wh might still be lurking in her flat with the prter’s assistance.
g thrugh : search
as thugh :as if
frced :brken
there was n trace f sth.
bundle: parcel a bundle f hay一捆干草
enter v. entry n. enter WTO
apparently : bviusly
creature: living things 生物
in her sudden discvery that
in the belief that..
可作口语材料
Lessn 59 Cllecting 收藏
本课的重点：重复使用关键词，用来突出你的主题
收藏： amass
accumulate
cllected
cllecting
treasure
cllectin
additin
hbby=cllecting
the latest find
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
Amass v. 积累（书面化）：花很长的时间；具有很大的价值，比accumulate正式的多。
同义词：
--gather: ( 小型)聚会
--assemble: (大型)聚会
--cllect vt. 收藏 cllect stamps / matchbxes/tax/parcel
--stre/hld up: 大量的贮藏,
Indiscriminate adj. （不分青红皂白的）不加选择的
--He is indiscriminate in making friends.
同义词：
Uncritical：不加以批评的，随意的 [critical :批评的，批判的]
--She is uncritical while ging shpping.(不分好坏的)
Unselective：不加以选择的 = uncritical，indiscriminate，[select：选择]
Haphazard: 任意/无计划的
--make haphazard remarks(妄作评论，随口乱说)
Randm adj./n. 任意胡说的
-- at randm {n.}
--Dn’t waste yur time at randm.(随便，随意)
--This is my randm guess.
Casual：随便的（漫不经心的）[casually ad.]
--D yu speak casually?
Undiscriminate :不加以区别的 [discriminate:加以选择]
Desultry: 随意的（无条理）
--The careful study f a few bks is better than the desultry reading f many.
Clutter: n. 一堆杂物（junk）
--Piles f junk litter that flr.
String: a. 连锁的
-- a string f 一串…
Requisite n. 必需品
--living requisite 生活必需品
同义词：
Necessity: 生活必需品；必不可缺的因素
Mania: n. 癖好
---have a mania fr ding sth. 有做好某事的癖好（狂热）
同义词：
Craze: n. 狂热（时尚）
--be crazy abut
Hbby: 很重视（不会忽略）
Mania：癖好（老人）
Desire：做某事的强烈愿望
--have desire fr [t d] sth.
Madness: 疯狂的行为
--be mad abut
--His madness f playing ftball is beynd me.
Insanity: 疯狂 =madness；crazy(但是crazy 偏于“时尚”方面)
[Insane a.失去理智的，精神错乱的 ]
--His insanity is unexpected.
Remte: a.(机会，可能性)少的，小的
同义词：Slight
--The chances that he will pass the examinatin are remte.
=> The chances are remte that he will pass the examinatin.
反义词：gd
--the chances that he will leave the hspital fr New Year celebratin are gd.
Verify vt. 查证，核实
--yu must verify the numbers/statistics.
同义词：
Certify: 证明，保证
Cnfirm: 证实
--My bss can cnfirm that I was here at that time.
Dcument: n. 文件
v.用文件证明
--Please dcument what yu said just nw. (v)
--I dn’t believe yu. I nly believe in dcument. (n.)
Substantiate:证明（某事有根据）
--I can substantiate it.
Validate: 使生效的——〉确认证实[valid：有效的]
--we must validate the law.
Prve:证明证实是否怎样
Check:查对
--please check/verify the figures / statistics.
Bearing n. 关系，联系=relatin/cnnectin
Like-minded a. 志趣相投的
--we’d like t make friends with like-minded peple.
Cntented a. 心满意足的=pleased/satisfied/delighted
--Rbert was nt nly pleased with my arrival but als delighted with my little gift.
Be {cntented} with sth./sb.
{Pleased}
{Satisfied}
{Delighted}
Bredm n. 烦恼，无聊
同义词：
Mntnus/tedius/tired/tiresme/bred a.
Text 课文
写作特点：
对比：通过事物比事物法，分析事物之间的差异。
Tend t : 喜欢，有……倾向
Withut being aware f ding sth.=>unawaring f ding sth.
Have a delighted surprise 有惊喜的感觉
What 引导 主语从句
--I am a cllectr f what can be described as valuable stamps.
--I knw a persn f what can be described as bkwrm.
Unwanted bjects 不要的东西
介词短语：在句中相当于动词
In the belief that= believe in
-- I did s in the belief that yu can help me.
In the thught that =think in
--I said s in the thught that I wuldn’t hurt yu.
Under the impressin that
--I am under the impressin that the diamnds are really beautiful.
Very ,加强语气
At exactly that mment=at that very mment 就在那时
英文中注意词性相同的概念：
I failed my examinatin fr tw reasns, lack f hard wrk, being late fr the examinatin.
Reasn (n.)=>lack….；being…. (n.)
Sentiment : n.情感
Sentimental: a. 多愁善感的
in an attempt t d sth. 竭尽全力做某事 [比t表目的 赋予了感情色彩]
--He rarely ges shpping in an attempt t save up.

Thrifty=ecnmical, frugal 节俭的
Save ding sth. 免掉做某事的麻烦
--after supper, I will wash up them and then yu will save ding s.
[作进一步解释] save the truble f ding sth
Sufficiently->enugh
Every time=whenever
Cllectin 强调收藏品
Cllecting 强调的是动作
--cllecting stamps is my favrite hbby.
Relaxatin=entertainment, amusement 休息，娱乐
Treasures=valuable cllectin 珍宝，财宝
由……组成：
cnsist f / be made up f / cmprise / cnstitute /
与……密切相关
Have bearing n sth. / relatin t /be related t/ have relatin t
利益
Advantage / privilege / benefit
Be cnfined t 限定于……区域范围之内
--He is cnfined t the bx.
Over the years=as time ges n :随着时间的流逝
Well.用来加强语气
Lessn 60 T early and t late 太早和太晚
New wrds and expressin 生词和短语
punctuality n. 准时
punctual adj. 守时
Whatever we d we must be punctual.无论我们做什么都应该守时。
be punctual t the minute 非常守时
He is a persn wh is punctual t the minute.他是一个非常守时的人
rural adv. 农村的
urban:城市的
rural life 乡村生活
urban life 城市生活
disregard v. 不顾，无视
disregard sth
disregard= ignre
pay n attentin t
take n ntice f
in disregard f
treat sb with disregard:怠慢某人
intellectual n. 知识分子
abstruse adj. 深奥的
abstract:抽象的
I am nt gd at mathematics because the subject is nt nly abstract but als abstruse.我不擅长数学因为它不仅抽象而且深奥。
crdinate v. 协调
Our effrts need t be further crdinated fr higher efficiency.为了更好的提高效率我们需要更进一步的协调我们各方的努力。
efficiency=be efficient 效率
If yu want t cmplete an ideal jb with yur classmates as quickly as pssible,I think yu must crdiate everthing as much as yu can.如果你想和你的同学们更快的完成一项艰难的工作你们需要协调每一件事情。
crdinate wrk:协调工作
arrange:安排
Wh will arrange the party?谁来安排这次聚会？
Hw can I arrange the paragraph?我该怎么安排这个自然段？
rganize:组织
It's yur duty t rganize ur meeting.组织我们的会议是你的责任。
harmnize vt.&vi.协调，使调和，配和音
The music is harmnized.这音乐已经给配上了和音。
We have t harmnize ur wrk.我们不得不协调我们的工作。
reprach v. 责备
语气强于blame/scld弱于reprehend
Dn't reprach/blame him fr such a little thing.不要因为这么一件小事而去责备他。
blame sb fr sth
reprach n.
beynd reprach:无可指责
beynd dubt：毫无疑问
beynd understanding:无法理解
beynd descriptin:无法描述
The prblem is beynd/abve me.这个问题难倒了我。
puncture v. 刺破（轮胎）
diversin n. 改道，绕道

trial n. 讨厌的事，人
nuisance：讨厌的人，事
trial:审讯，审判，尝试，实验
After his trial,he set ut with his new plane.试飞之后，他开着他的新飞机出发了。
fractin n. 很小一点儿
a fractin f=a bit f
flurish n. 挥舞（打手势）
gesticulate v. 打手势
micrscpic adj. 微小的
micrphne:麦克风
micrfilm:微型胶片
micrwave ven:微波炉
adamant adj. 坚定的，不动摇的
steady：稳定的
He is living a steady life.他生活的很稳定。
strng-minded/firm/stable
贬义同义词：bstinate/stubbrn
stable:(人)坚定的
If yu are adamant,nthing is difficute fr yu t study English.如果你很坚定，那么学好英语那是一定的。
give up=yield=surrender:放弃，投降
unyielding=unsurrendering=adamant
He is(s)adamant(as)t stick t his stupid idea.他是如此地坚定以至于坚持自己这个愚蠢的想法。
All the students here are adamant enugh t study English hard.
Text 课文
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs f a civilized sciety.
准时是文明社会各项公共事务中一个必不可少的习惯。
in civilized sciety=in mdern sciety
necessary=essential
Mania is a habit we develp fr a lng time .癖好是长时间形成的一种习惯。
Withut it ,nthing culd ever be brught t a cnclusin.
没有它，则一事无成。
bring sth t cnclusin:作出结论
everything wuld be in a state f chas.
事事都会处于混乱状态。
nthing 和 everything
平行句式，平行结构，同义词的重复，关键词的使用
everything wuld be in cnfusin/a state f chas/disrder
Hard wrk is ur necessity t study English.
用以下的句式体现hard wrk的重要性
Withut it,we culd nt get any success./nthing culd be cmpleted.
Only in a sparsely-ppulated rural cmmunity is it pssible t disregard it.
只有在人口稀少的农村里，才可能不顾及准时。
倒装：nly引导介词短语，时间/条件状语放在句首，句子要部分倒装。
第一个it是一个形式主语，第二个是代词代punctuality
In rdinary living there can be sme tlerance f unpunctuality.
在平时的生活中，对不准时的行为可以给予一些宽容。
in rdinary living=in ur daily life
tlerance=the state t tlerate smething terrible
不是某人所特有的而是一种普遍现象用there be句式
has everything crdinated and rganized fr the matter in hand
使一切都协调一致而且组织周密。
背诵这个表达方式。
Keep sb ccupied 忙碌
But peple are ften reprached fr unpunctuality when their nly fault is cutting things fine.
但是有些人的过错仅仅是由于时间抠的太紧而迟到，常会受到指责。
Cut things fine 压钟点
Mst peple have been tucked away at hme. 很多人都呆在家里。
It is hard fr energetic, quick-minded peple t waste time, s they are ften tempted t finish a jb befre setting ut t keep an appintment.
精力充沛、头脑灵敏的人是很少浪费时间的，因此他们在出发前常常会设法完成某项工作。
D sth befre ding 在什么之前把什么结束掉
Be tempted t d :特别想要做某事
Be eager/anxius/desperate t d
Prefer t d
Wuld like t d
Wuld rather/sner d
Wuld prefer t d
I can’t resist the temptatin t buy the beautiful dress.我特别渴望买下这条漂亮的裙子。
(书面语)I ’m quite/particularly tempted t buy the beautiful dress.
If n accidents ccur n the way, like punctured tyres, diversins f traffic, sudden descent f fg, they will be n time.
如果途中没有发生像暴胎、改道或是突然降下大雾一类的意外的话，他们会准时到达的。
Descent:降临
Darkness descent very sn.夜幕降临
On time=keep punctuality
Sme peple can be frgiven because f what they d even thugh they are unpunctual.
一些人因为他们的工作可以被原谅，即便他们迟到。
The ver-punctual can be as much a trial t thers as the unpunctual.
过于早到和迟到一样让人受不了
重点句型，背熟
the + adj.=n.形容词名词化
The guest wh arrives half an hur t sn is the greatest nuisance. Sme friends f my family had this irritating habit.
Nuisance=trial
The nly thing t d was ask them t cme half an hur later than the ther guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
唯一的措施就是约请他们比别的客人晚半个小时，这样他们正好在我们要求的时间到达。
The nly thing t d is help yu in this way.我只能这样帮你了。
What I want yu t d is help me.
如果当不定式做表语，主句结构当中也出现了不定式，坐表语的不定式t符号应该被略掉，以避免重复。
Althugh being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if yu miss the train and have t wait an hur r mre fr the next ne.
尽管早到可能意味着浪费一点时间，但是比起你搭上车而不得不等一小时或更长一些时间来乘下一趟车所浪费的时间要少些。
Mean ding sth意味
注意less的翻译
And yu avid the frustratin f arriving at the very mment when the train is drawing ut f the statin and being unable t get n it.
而且你避免了正好在火车离站时到达而不能上车的挫折。
Draw up:停车
Draw(pull) ut f statin:离战
When we get failures ver and ver again, we always get the frustratin inside ur heart. The frustratin inside yu can prevent yu frm ding what yu are ding.
如果我们总是失败,我们的内心就会有一种挫败感. 挫败感会妨碍你做任何一件事情.
An even harder situatin is t be n the platfrm in gd time fr a train and still t see it g ff withut yu. Such an experience befell a certain yung girl the first time she was traveling alne.
一个更难以忍受的情景是刚好及时来到站台，仍然眼巴巴看着火车开走而上不了车。某个年轻姑娘初次单独旅行时曾有过这样的经历。
In gd time =n time
Befall=sth bad happen t
She entered the statin twenty minutes befre the train was due, since her parents had impressed upn her that it wuld be unfrgivable t miss it and cause the friends with whm she was ging t stay t make tw jurneys t meet her.
这个姑娘在列车进站前20分钟就进了站。因为她的父母叮嘱她说误了火车并迫使她去聚会的朋友跑两次去接她，这是不可原谅的。
Due:按计划而正常进行
The meeting is due t begin at 9 ’clck tmrrw mrning.
会议明天早上九点如期举行。
The train is due t set ff at 3 pm.
Impress upn sb that:再三的叮嘱某人，repeat sth ver and ver again
Make tw jurneys t meet her接她两次
He agreed that a train did cme int the statin at the time n the paper and that it did stp, but nly t take n mail, nt passengers.
这个搬运工承认按纸上所写的时间是有一列火车进站，而且也会停，但是只是装邮件，不运载旅客。
Did 在句中表示强调
Only表示很遗憾的心情
I hurry t the stre nly t find it was clsed.
The girl asked t see a timetable, feeling sure that her father culd nt have made such a mistake.
这个姑娘要求看时刻表，心里想她父亲不会犯这样的错误。
Feeling sure that……
We have learnt t expect that trains are punctual.
The girl, tears streaming dwn her face, begged t be allwed t slip int the guard’s van.
这个姑娘的脸上流下了泪水，哀求让她溜进列车员的车厢。
tears streaming dwn her face独立主格结构
And she had t watch that train disappear twards her destinatin while she was left behind.
她只得眼望着火车消失在她要去的方向，而自己却被留下了。
Disappear twards:朝着什么消失
Multiple chice questins 多项选择
1…b…
neglect=disregard=ignre
sparsely ppulated,fewpeple
nly in a sparsely ppulatin rural cmmunity is it pssible t disregard punctuality.
2…b…cut things fine/cutted fine/cut time fine
3…d…
4…b…it is/will be/wuld be pssible fr sb t d sth
5…b…thrugh:通过
althugh being early may mean wasting a little time.
6…c…had better,上级对下级或有经验的人对没有经验的人
7…a…
8…c…
9…c…in varying degrees:在不同的程度上（不断变化）
10…b…
trial:讨厌的事
trying adj.气人的
detestable:可恨的，可憎的
prvident:有先见之明的，有深谋远虑的
cnsiderate=thughtful:体贴的，incnsiderate:没有慎重考虑的
11…a…
impress upn:再三嘱托
stress the pint
give the impressin:给某人以印象
12…c…