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近十年（2015-2024）高考英语真题分项汇编专题21完形填空说明文、议论文（Word版附解析）
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这是一份近十年（2015-2024）高考英语真题分项汇编专题21完形填空说明文、议论文（Word版附解析），文件包含十年2015-2024高考真题分项汇编英语专题21完形填空说明文议论文Word版含解析docx、十年2015-2024高考真题分项汇编英语专题21完形填空说明文议论文Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
Clse 1
【2022年全国乙卷】Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut ___21___ smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ___23___ .
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was ___24___ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur ___25___ research results in child develpmental psychlgy ___26___ that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r ___28___ . We then asked the child if she culd ___29___ r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: ___31___ children said that they culdn’t ___32___ t her.
A number f ___33___ ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects ___34___ the questins and knew ___35___ what was asked f them. Their ___36___ t the questins reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd ___40___ when thers use it.
21. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
22. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
23. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
24. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
25. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
26. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
27. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
28. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
29. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
30. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
31. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
32. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
33. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins
34. A. cmprehendedB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
35. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly
36. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
37. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
38. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
39. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
40. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
Clse 2
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy t thrw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shuts as I thrw him skywards and catch him n the way back dwn again. He thrws his arms and legs ut ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense f ___20___ .
I hpe Jacky will always trust me fully, but I knw that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need mre effrt and sund judgment____22____ . Trust is such an imprtant part f a ___23___ relatinship that it’s smething that can’t ___24___ t lse. Every time I ___25___ Jacky t smething new, he’ll d it nly because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knwledge that he wn’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky t swim means he has t ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pl, I’ll cme t his rescue if his dggy paddle lets him dwn.
___29___ in the wrkplace, trust is imprtant fr strng ___30___ . It is smething that every manager shuld wrk hard t ___31___ amng their team. If peple dn’t trust yu, they’re unlikely t ___32___ yur directins and willingly becme a lyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ f trust can make peple wrk against yu rather than fr yu. At the very least, it means that peple are nt ging t be ___34___ yu their best. Gd ___35___, like gd parenting, is a lng-term cmmitment.
16. A. deserveB. missC. lveD. knw
17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thughD. s that
18. A. fearB. excitementC. dubtD. astnishment
19. A. reasnableB. limitedC. absluteD. imprtant
20. A. reliefB. satisfactinC. achievementD. respnsibility
21. A. lderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier
22. A. n my behalfB. n my partC. in my hnrD. in my name
23. A. lng-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student
24. A. affrdB. chseC. waitD. expect
25. A. attachB. cmpareC. adjustD. intrduce
26. A. safeB. happyC. prudD. grateful
27. A. Abve allB. In additinC. At firstD. Fr example
28. A. admitB. believeC. suggestD. imagine
29. A. HweverB. TherefreC. SimilarlyD. Frtunately
30. A. affectinB. determinatinC. friendshipD. leadership
31. A. assessB. rganizeC. develpD. understand
32. A. repeatB. fllwC. changeD. frget
33. A. gestureB. measureC. bndD. lack
34. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD. sending
35. A. managementB. persnalityC. cmmunicatinD. educatin
Clse 3
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy t thrw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shuts as I thrw him skywards and catch him n the way back dwn again. He thrws his arms and legs ut ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense f ___20___ .
I hpe Jacky will always trust me fully, but I knw that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need mre effrt and sund judgment____22____ . Trust is such an imprtant part f a ___23___ relatinship that it’s smething that can’t ___24___ t lse. Every time I ___25___ Jacky t smething new, he’ll d it nly because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knwledge that he wn’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky t swim means he has t ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pl, I’ll cme t his rescue if his dggy paddle lets him dwn.
___29___ in the wrkplace, trust is imprtant fr strng ___30___ . It is smething that every manager shuld wrk hard t ___31___ amng their team. If peple dn’t trust yu, they’re unlikely t ___32___ yur directins and willingly becme a lyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ f trust can make peple wrk against yu rather than fr yu. At the very least, it means that peple are nt ging t be ___34___ yu their best. Gd ___35___, like gd parenting, is a lng-term cmmitment.
16. A. deserveB. missC. lveD. knw
17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thughD. s that
18. A. fearB. excitementC. dubtD. astnishment
19. A. reasnableB. limitedC. absluteD. imprtant
20. A. reliefB. satisfactinC. achievementD. respnsibility
21. A. lderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier
22. A. n my behalfB. n my partC. in my hnrD. in my name
23. A. lng-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student
24. A. affrdB. chseC. waitD. expect
25. A. attachB. cmpareC. adjustD. intrduce
26. A. safeB. happyC. prudD. grateful
27. A. Abve allB. In additinC. At firstD. Fr example
28. A. admitB. believeC. suggestD. imagine
29. A. HweverB. TherefreC. SimilarlyD. Frtunately
30. A. affectinB. determinatinC. friendshipD. leadership
31. A. assessB. rganizeC. develpD. understand
32. A. repeatB. fllwC. changeD. frget
33. A. gestureB. measureC. bndD. lack
34. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD. sending
35. A. managementB. persnalityC. cmmunicatinD. educatin
2016年完形填空说明文、议论文
Clse 1
【2016年上海卷】In the 1960s, Duglas McGregr, ne f the key thinkers in the art f management, develped the mw famus Thery X and Thery Y. Thery X is the idea that peple instinctively 51 wrk and will d anything t avid it. Thery Y is the view that everyne has the ptential t find satisfactin in wrk.
In any case, despite s much evidence t the 52 , many managers still agree t Thery X. They believe, 53 , that their emplyees need cnstant supervisin if they are t wrk effectively, r that decisins must be impsed frm 54 withut cnsultatin. This, f curse, makes fr authritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways f 55 peple. Unlike authritarian management, sme cultures, particularly in Asia, are well knwn fr the cnsultative nature f decisin-making—all members f the department r wrk grup are asked t 56 t this prcess. This is management by the cllective pinin. Many western cmpanies have tried t imitate such Asian ways f ding things, which are based n general 57 . Sme experts say that wmen will becme mre effective managers than men because they have the pwer t reach cmmn gals in a way that traditinal 58 managers cannt.
A recent trend has been t encurage emplyees t use their wn initiative, t make decisins n their wn withut 59 managers first. This empwerment (授权) has been part f the trend twards dwnsizing: 60 the number f management layers in cmpanies. After de-layering in this way, a cmpany may be 61 with just a tp level f senir managers, frnt-line managers and emplyees with direct cntact with the public. Empwerment takes the idea f delegatin (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empwerment and delegatin mean new frms f management cntrl t 63 that the verall business plan is being fllwed, and that peratins becme mre prfitable under the new rganizatin, rather than less.
Anther trend is ff-site r 64 management, where teams f peple linked by e-mail and the Internet wrk n prjects frm their wn huses. Prject managers evaluate the 65 f the team members in terms f what they prduce fr prjects, rather than the amunt f time they spend n them.
51. A. desireB. seekC. lseD. dislike
52. A. cntraryB. expectatinC. degreeD. extreme
53. A. vice versaB. fr exampleC. hweverD. therwise
54. A. utsideB. insideC. belwD. abve
55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encuraging
56. A. referB. cntributeC. bjectD. apply
57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electinD. impressin
58. A. bssyB. experiencedC. westernD. male
59. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing
60. A. dublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating
61. A. hnred B. leftC. crwdedD. cmpared
62. A. ecnmicallyB. traditinallyC. inadequatelyD. ccasinally
63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure
64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-t-dayD. n-the-scene
65. A. pininB. riskC. perfrmanceD. attractiveness
2015年完形填空说明文、议论文
Clse 1
【2015年重庆卷】Imagine the first days in a new time zne. Slw t respnd t the 28 , yur bdy clck is cnfused. Yu’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time fr bed, yu can hardly fall asleep. Obviusly yu’re 29 jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditinally fught this 30 with sleeping pills r alchl. There are actually healthier ways that can wrk just as 31.
Fr example, the mment yu get n the airplane, start 32 yur bilgical clck t the destinatin’s time. If it’s daytime in yur destinatin, try t stay 33 . Walking arund the cabin（客舱） can be f help. When it’s nighttime, try t sleep. In that case, eat befre the flight, 34 an empty stmach will prevent yu frm sleeping. These tips will help yu start a new 35f sleep and wakefulness.
28. A.flightB.change C.demandD.climate
29. A.suffering frm B.wrking n C.lking int D.leading t
30. A.danger B.prblemC.waste D.fear
31. A.briefly B.slwly C.suddenlyD.effectively
32. A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.stpping
33. A.awake B.alneC.hungry D.calm
34. A.thugh B.s C.while D.r
35. A.understanding B.cycleC.researchD.trend
Clse 2
【2015年安徽卷】 In ur mdern wrld, when smething wears ut, we thrw it away and buy a new ne. The 36 is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f 37 because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre.
Hw did we 38 a thrwaway sciety? First f all, it is nw easier t 39 an bject than t spend time and mney t repair it. 40 mdern manufacturing (制造业) and technlgy, cmpanies are able t prduce prducts quickly and inexpensively. Prducts are plentiful and 41 .
Anther cause is ur 42 f dispsable (一次性的) prducts. As 43 peple, we are always lking fr 44 t save time and make ur lives easier. Cmpanies 45 thusands f different kinds f dispsable prducts: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, t name a few.
Our appetite fr new prducts als 46 t the prblem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest prducts. The result is that we 49 useful pssessins t make rm fr new nes.
All arund the wrld, we can see the 50 f this thrwaway lifestyle. Muntains f rubbish just keep getting bigger. T 51 the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the 52 , mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials. 53 , this is nt enugh t slve (解决) ur prblem.
Maybe there is anther way ut. We need t repair ur pssessins 54 thrwing them away. We als need t rethink ur attitudes abut 55 . Repairing ur pssessins and changing ur spending habits may be the best way t reduce the amunt f rubbish and take care f ur envirnment.
36. A. keyB. reasn C. prject D. prblem
37. A. giftsB. rubbishC. debtD. prducts
38. A. faceB. becmeC. bserveD. change
39. A. hideB. cntrl C. replaceD. withdraw
40. A. Thanks t B. As tC. Except fr D. Regardless f
41. A. safeB. funny C. cheap D. pwerful
42. A. lveB. lackC. preventin D. divisin
43. A. sensitive B. kindC. braveD. busy
44. A. waysB. places C. jbsD. friends
45. A. dnateB. receiveC. prduceD. preserve
46. A. adapts B. returns C. respndsD. cntributes
47. A. tired f B. addicted tC. wrried abutD. ashamed fr
48. A. newer B. strngerC. higher D. larger
49. A. pick up B. pay frC. hld ntD. thrw away
50. A. advantages B. purpsesC. functinsD. cnsequences
51. A. shw B. recrd C. decreaseD. measure
52. A. technlgy B. envirnment C. cnsumersD. brands
53. A. Hwever B. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
54. A. by B. in favur fC. afterD. instead f
55. A. spending B. cllectingC. repairingD. advertising
Clse 3
【2015年广东卷】Hw lng can human beings live? Mst scientists wh study ld age think that the human bdy is 1 t live n lnger than 120 years. Hwever, 110 years is prbably the lngest that anyne culd hpe t live — if he r she is 2 healthy and lucky. Sme scientists even say we can live as lng as 130 years! Yet, ur cells simply cannt cntinue t reprduce 3 . They wear ut, and as a result, we get ld and 4 die.
Even thugh we can’t live frever, we are living a 5 life than ever befre. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was nly 47 years, but tday it is 75 years!
When des ld age begin then? Sixty-five may be ut-f-date as the 6 line between middle age and ld age. After all, many lder peple dn’t begin t experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75.
Peple are living lnger because mre peple 8 childhd. Befre mdern medicine changed the laws f nature, many children died f cmmn childhd 9 . Nw that the chances f dying 10 are much lwer, the chances f living lng are much higher due t better diets and health care.
On the whle, ur ppulatin is getting lder. The 11 in ur ppulatin will have lasting effects n ur scial develpment and ur way f life. Sme peple fear such changes will be fr the wrse, while sme see 12 , nt disaster. Tday, many men and wmen in their "glden years" are healthy, still active, and yung in 13 if nt in age.
As ur sciety grws ld, we need the 14 f ur lder citizens. With lng lives ahead f them, they need t 15 active and be devted.
1.A. designedB. selectedC. imprvedD. discvered
2.A. cmpletely B. generallyC. apparentlyD. extremely
3.A. rapidlyB. harmlesslyC. endlesslyD. separately
4.A. eventuallyB. hpelesslyC. autmatically D. desperately
5.A. busierB. lnger C. richer D. happier
6.A. finishingB. guidingC. waitingD. dividing
7.A. stress B. damageC. declineD. failure
8.A. survive B. enjyC. rememberD. value
9.A. prblems B. fearsC. wrriesD. diseases
10.A. pr B. yung C. sickD. quiet
11.A. changes B. recveryC. safety D. increases
12.A. dreams B. chancesC. strengthsD. chices
13.A. mind B. appearanceC. viceD. mvement
14.A. prtectinB. suggestinsC. cntributinsD. permissin
15.A. sund B. appear C. turnD. stay
Clse 1
【2022年全国乙卷】Yung children acrss the glbe enjy playing games f hide and seek. Fr them, there’s smething highly exciting abut ___21___ smene else’s glance and making neself unable t be seen.
Hwever, we all witness that preschl children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest f their bdies ___23___ .
Fr a lng time, this ineffective hiding methd was ___24___ as evidence that children are hpelessly “egcentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But ur ___25___ research results in child develpmental psychlgy ___26___ that idea.
We brught yung children aged 2-4 int ur Minds in Develpment Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat dwn with an adult wh cvered her wn eyes r ___28___ . We then asked the child if she culd ___29___ r hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they culdn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult cvered her wn muth: ___31___ children said that they culdn’t ___32___ t her.
A number f ___33___ ruled ut that the children misunderstd what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our yung subjects ___34___ the questins and knew ___35___ what was asked f them. Their ___36___ t the questins reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see yu nly if yu can see me, t.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recgnitin and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket ver her head, it is nt a result f egcentrism. In fact, children cnsider this methd ___40___ when thers use it.
21. A. fllwingB. takingC. escapingD. directing
22. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick
23. A. expsedB. examinedC. untuchedD. imbalanced
24. A. supprtedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted
25. A. disappintingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired
26. A. explainedB. cnfirmedC. cntradictedD. tested
27. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. dctr
28. A. feetB. nseC. handsD. ears
29. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fl
30. A. eventB. thingC. actinD. accident
31. A. YetB. NwC. SnD. Once
32. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave
33. A. instructinsB. descriptinsC. experimentsD. assumptins
34. A. cmprehendedB. predictedC. explredD. ignred
35. A. partlyB. hnestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly
36. A. respnsesB. apprachesC. cntributinD. sensitivity
37. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpse
38. A. hld backB. relate tC. insist nD. make up
39. A. limitatinsB. requirementsC. theriesD. findings
40. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective
Clse 2
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy t thrw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shuts as I thrw him skywards and catch him n the way back dwn again. He thrws his arms and legs ut ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense f ___20___ .
I hpe Jacky will always trust me fully, but I knw that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need mre effrt and sund judgment____22____ . Trust is such an imprtant part f a ___23___ relatinship that it’s smething that can’t ___24___ t lse. Every time I ___25___ Jacky t smething new, he’ll d it nly because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knwledge that he wn’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky t swim means he has t ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pl, I’ll cme t his rescue if his dggy paddle lets him dwn.
___29___ in the wrkplace, trust is imprtant fr strng ___30___ . It is smething that every manager shuld wrk hard t ___31___ amng their team. If peple dn’t trust yu, they’re unlikely t ___32___ yur directins and willingly becme a lyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ f trust can make peple wrk against yu rather than fr yu. At the very least, it means that peple are nt ging t be ___34___ yu their best. Gd ___35___, like gd parenting, is a lng-term cmmitment.
16. A. deserveB. missC. lveD. knw
17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thughD. s that
18. A. fearB. excitementC. dubtD. astnishment
19. A. reasnableB. limitedC. absluteD. imprtant
20. A. reliefB. satisfactinC. achievementD. respnsibility
21. A. lderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier
22. A. n my behalfB. n my partC. in my hnrD. in my name
23. A. lng-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student
24. A. affrdB. chseC. waitD. expect
25. A. attachB. cmpareC. adjustD. intrduce
26. A. safeB. happyC. prudD. grateful
27. A. Abve allB. In additinC. At firstD. Fr example
28. A. admitB. believeC. suggestD. imagine
29. A. HweverB. TherefreC. SimilarlyD. Frtunately
30. A. affectinB. determinatinC. friendshipD. leadership
31. A. assessB. rganizeC. develpD. understand
32. A. repeatB. fllwC. changeD. frget
33. A. gestureB. measureC. bndD. lack
34. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD. sending
35. A. managementB. persnalityC. cmmunicatinD. educatin
Clse 3
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy t thrw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shuts as I thrw him skywards and catch him n the way back dwn again. He thrws his arms and legs ut ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense f ___20___ .
I hpe Jacky will always trust me fully, but I knw that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need mre effrt and sund judgment____22____ . Trust is such an imprtant part f a ___23___ relatinship that it’s smething that can’t ___24___ t lse. Every time I ___25___ Jacky t smething new, he’ll d it nly because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knwledge that he wn’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky t swim means he has t ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pl, I’ll cme t his rescue if his dggy paddle lets him dwn.
___29___ in the wrkplace, trust is imprtant fr strng ___30___ . It is smething that every manager shuld wrk hard t ___31___ amng their team. If peple dn’t trust yu, they’re unlikely t ___32___ yur directins and willingly becme a lyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ f trust can make peple wrk against yu rather than fr yu. At the very least, it means that peple are nt ging t be ___34___ yu their best. Gd ___35___, like gd parenting, is a lng-term cmmitment.
16. A. deserveB. missC. lveD. knw
17. A. as ifB. in caseC. even thughD. s that
18. A. fearB. excitementC. dubtD. astnishment
19. A. reasnableB. limitedC. absluteD. imprtant
20. A. reliefB. satisfactinC. achievementD. respnsibility
21. A. lderB. busierC. quieterD. healthier
22. A. n my behalfB. n my partC. in my hnrD. in my name
23. A. lng-distanceB. high-riskC. parent-childD. teacher-student
24. A. affrdB. chseC. waitD. expect
25. A. attachB. cmpareC. adjustD. intrduce
26. A. safeB. happyC. prudD. grateful
27. A. Abve allB. In additinC. At firstD. Fr example
28. A. admitB. believeC. suggestD. imagine
29. A. HweverB. TherefreC. SimilarlyD. Frtunately
30. A. affectinB. determinatinC. friendshipD. leadership
31. A. assessB. rganizeC. develpD. understand
32. A. repeatB. fllwC. changeD. frget
33. A. gestureB. measureC. bndD. lack
34. A. tellingB. givingC. sellingD. sending
35. A. managementB. persnalityC. cmmunicatinD. educatin
2016年完形填空说明文、议论文
Clse 1
【2016年上海卷】In the 1960s, Duglas McGregr, ne f the key thinkers in the art f management, develped the mw famus Thery X and Thery Y. Thery X is the idea that peple instinctively 51 wrk and will d anything t avid it. Thery Y is the view that everyne has the ptential t find satisfactin in wrk.
In any case, despite s much evidence t the 52 , many managers still agree t Thery X. They believe, 53 , that their emplyees need cnstant supervisin if they are t wrk effectively, r that decisins must be impsed frm 54 withut cnsultatin. This, f curse, makes fr authritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways f 55 peple. Unlike authritarian management, sme cultures, particularly in Asia, are well knwn fr the cnsultative nature f decisin-making—all members f the department r wrk grup are asked t 56 t this prcess. This is management by the cllective pinin. Many western cmpanies have tried t imitate such Asian ways f ding things, which are based n general 57 . Sme experts say that wmen will becme mre effective managers than men because they have the pwer t reach cmmn gals in a way that traditinal 58 managers cannt.
A recent trend has been t encurage emplyees t use their wn initiative, t make decisins n their wn withut 59 managers first. This empwerment (授权) has been part f the trend twards dwnsizing: 60 the number f management layers in cmpanies. After de-layering in this way, a cmpany may be 61 with just a tp level f senir managers, frnt-line managers and emplyees with direct cntact with the public. Empwerment takes the idea f delegatin (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empwerment and delegatin mean new frms f management cntrl t 63 that the verall business plan is being fllwed, and that peratins becme mre prfitable under the new rganizatin, rather than less.
Anther trend is ff-site r 64 management, where teams f peple linked by e-mail and the Internet wrk n prjects frm their wn huses. Prject managers evaluate the 65 f the team members in terms f what they prduce fr prjects, rather than the amunt f time they spend n them.
51. A. desireB. seekC. lseD. dislike
52. A. cntraryB. expectatinC. degreeD. extreme
53. A. vice versaB. fr exampleC. hweverD. therwise
54. A. utsideB. insideC. belwD. abve
55. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encuraging
56. A. referB. cntributeC. bjectD. apply
57. A. agreementB. practiceC. electinD. impressin
58. A. bssyB. experiencedC. westernD. male
59. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing
60. A. dublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating
61. A. hnred B. leftC. crwdedD. cmpared
62. A. ecnmicallyB. traditinallyC. inadequatelyD. ccasinally
63. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure
64. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-t-dayD. n-the-scene
65. A. pininB. riskC. perfrmanceD. attractiveness
2015年完形填空说明文、议论文
Clse 1
【2015年重庆卷】Imagine the first days in a new time zne. Slw t respnd t the 28 , yur bdy clck is cnfused. Yu’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time fr bed, yu can hardly fall asleep. Obviusly yu’re 29 jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditinally fught this 30 with sleeping pills r alchl. There are actually healthier ways that can wrk just as 31.
Fr example, the mment yu get n the airplane, start 32 yur bilgical clck t the destinatin’s time. If it’s daytime in yur destinatin, try t stay 33 . Walking arund the cabin（客舱） can be f help. When it’s nighttime, try t sleep. In that case, eat befre the flight, 34 an empty stmach will prevent yu frm sleeping. These tips will help yu start a new 35f sleep and wakefulness.
28. A.flightB.change C.demandD.climate
29. A.suffering frm B.wrking n C.lking int D.leading t
30. A.danger B.prblemC.waste D.fear
31. A.briefly B.slwly C.suddenlyD.effectively
32. A.checkingB.sendingC.adjustingD.stpping
33. A.awake B.alneC.hungry D.calm
34. A.thugh B.s C.while D.r
35. A.understanding B.cycleC.researchD.trend
Clse 2
【2015年安徽卷】 In ur mdern wrld, when smething wears ut, we thrw it away and buy a new ne. The 36 is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f 37 because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre.
Hw did we 38 a thrwaway sciety? First f all, it is nw easier t 39 an bject than t spend time and mney t repair it. 40 mdern manufacturing (制造业) and technlgy, cmpanies are able t prduce prducts quickly and inexpensively. Prducts are plentiful and 41 .
Anther cause is ur 42 f dispsable (一次性的) prducts. As 43 peple, we are always lking fr 44 t save time and make ur lives easier. Cmpanies 45 thusands f different kinds f dispsable prducts: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, t name a few.
Our appetite fr new prducts als 46 t the prblem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest prducts. The result is that we 49 useful pssessins t make rm fr new nes.
All arund the wrld, we can see the 50 f this thrwaway lifestyle. Muntains f rubbish just keep getting bigger. T 51 the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the 52 , mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials. 53 , this is nt enugh t slve (解决) ur prblem.
Maybe there is anther way ut. We need t repair ur pssessins 54 thrwing them away. We als need t rethink ur attitudes abut 55 . Repairing ur pssessins and changing ur spending habits may be the best way t reduce the amunt f rubbish and take care f ur envirnment.
36. A. keyB. reasn C. prject D. prblem
37. A. giftsB. rubbishC. debtD. prducts
38. A. faceB. becmeC. bserveD. change
39. A. hideB. cntrl C. replaceD. withdraw
40. A. Thanks t B. As tC. Except fr D. Regardless f
41. A. safeB. funny C. cheap D. pwerful
42. A. lveB. lackC. preventin D. divisin
43. A. sensitive B. kindC. braveD. busy
44. A. waysB. places C. jbsD. friends
45. A. dnateB. receiveC. prduceD. preserve
46. A. adapts B. returns C. respndsD. cntributes
47. A. tired f B. addicted tC. wrried abutD. ashamed fr
48. A. newer B. strngerC. higher D. larger
49. A. pick up B. pay frC. hld ntD. thrw away
50. A. advantages B. purpsesC. functinsD. cnsequences
51. A. shw B. recrd C. decreaseD. measure
52. A. technlgy B. envirnment C. cnsumersD. brands
53. A. Hwever B. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
54. A. by B. in favur fC. afterD. instead f
55. A. spending B. cllectingC. repairingD. advertising
Clse 3
【2015年广东卷】Hw lng can human beings live? Mst scientists wh study ld age think that the human bdy is 1 t live n lnger than 120 years. Hwever, 110 years is prbably the lngest that anyne culd hpe t live — if he r she is 2 healthy and lucky. Sme scientists even say we can live as lng as 130 years! Yet, ur cells simply cannt cntinue t reprduce 3 . They wear ut, and as a result, we get ld and 4 die.
Even thugh we can’t live frever, we are living a 5 life than ever befre. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was nly 47 years, but tday it is 75 years!
When des ld age begin then? Sixty-five may be ut-f-date as the 6 line between middle age and ld age. After all, many lder peple dn’t begin t experience physical and mental 7 until after age 75.
Peple are living lnger because mre peple 8 childhd. Befre mdern medicine changed the laws f nature, many children died f cmmn childhd 9 . Nw that the chances f dying 10 are much lwer, the chances f living lng are much higher due t better diets and health care.
On the whle, ur ppulatin is getting lder. The 11 in ur ppulatin will have lasting effects n ur scial develpment and ur way f life. Sme peple fear such changes will be fr the wrse, while sme see 12 , nt disaster. Tday, many men and wmen in their "glden years" are healthy, still active, and yung in 13 if nt in age.
As ur sciety grws ld, we need the 14 f ur lder citizens. With lng lives ahead f them, they need t 15 active and be devted.
1.A. designedB. selectedC. imprvedD. discvered
2.A. cmpletely B. generallyC. apparentlyD. extremely
3.A. rapidlyB. harmlesslyC. endlesslyD. separately
4.A. eventuallyB. hpelesslyC. autmatically D. desperately
5.A. busierB. lnger C. richer D. happier
6.A. finishingB. guidingC. waitingD. dividing
7.A. stress B. damageC. declineD. failure
8.A. survive B. enjyC. rememberD. value
9.A. prblems B. fearsC. wrriesD. diseases
10.A. pr B. yung C. sickD. quiet
11.A. changes B. recveryC. safety D. increases
12.A. dreams B. chancesC. strengthsD. chices
13.A. mind B. appearanceC. viceD. mvement
14.A. prtectinB. suggestinsC. cntributinsD. permissin
15.A. sund B. appear C. turnD. stay
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