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专题9. 阅读理解+七选五测试（基础篇）（原卷版+解析版）
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阅读理解+七选五
时间 ：40分钟 满分：50分
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A Lk at Fur f the Wrld-famus Clleges
University Cllege Lndn, England. United Kingdm
This university was funded with the intent f pening educatin equally and t all. In 1878, University Cllege Lndn began admitting wmen using the same admissin standards men were held t. The cllege was the first in the United Kingdm t accept students frm any class r religin.
Tuitin (学费) fr each student cmes in at $31,000. This price des include fees fr husing, fd, travel expenses and insurance.
University f Melburne, Melburne, Australia
It pened in 1853 and is knwn fr its utstanding research and teaching prgrams. Research at the university in the 1970s led t a cchlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving mre than 200,000 patients wrldwide hearing.
Parents f native students expect t pay $24,500 fr the first term’s tuitin and anther $19,500 fr rm and bard in residential husing.
University f Cambridge, England, United Kingdm
Recrds f the university reach back t 1209 when the area was an ancient Rman trading pst, making it the secnd ldest university in the UK. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with arund 1,300 f thse cming frm 65 different cuntries.
Tuitin fr the bachelr prgrams like engineering reaches $31,000.
Sarah Lawrence Cllege, New Yrk, United States
It is knwn fr a diverse student bdy cming frm 53 different cuntries. The teacher/student rati (比例) and persnalized curses f study attract students frm the United States and abrad.
Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 fr tuitin. The cst t attend Sarah Lawrence may seem prhibitive t many, but a degree frm this hnured cllege can pen many drs fr graduates.
1．When did University Cllege Lndn start t admit wmen n equal terms with men?
A．In 1209.B．In1853.C．In 1878.D．In 1887.
2．Which cllege develped a device t benefit peple with hearing lss?
A．University f Melburne.B．Sarah Lawrence Cllege.
C．University f Cambridge.D．University Cllege Lndn.
3．What d the last tw clleges have in cmmn?
A．They just ffer the bachelr prgrams.B．They feature the highest cst f bard.
C．They are lcated in the United Kingdm.D．They are favured by internatinal students.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所世界名校。
1．细节理解题。根据University Cllege Lndn, England, United Kingdm标题下“In 1878, University Cllege Lndn began admitting wmen using the same admissin standards men were held t.”（自1878年开始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生。）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自1878年开始。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据University f Melburne, Melburne, Australia标题下“Research at the university in the 1970s led t a cchlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving mre than 200,000 patients wrldwide hearing.”（20世纪70年代，该大学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球20多万患者提供了听力。）可知，20世纪70年代，墨尔本大学研发出人工耳蜗，造福全世界20多万听障人士。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据University f Cambridge, England, United Kingdm标题下“Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with arund 1,300 f thse cming frm 65 different cuntries.”（剑桥大学目前有21000名学生，其中约1300人来自65个不同的国家。）及Sarah Lawrence Cllege, New Yrk, United States标题下“It is knwn fr a diverse student bdy cming frm 53 different cuntries.”（它以来自53个不同国家的多样化学生群体而闻名。）可知，剑桥大学和莎拉·劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐。故选D项。
B
Jim fund himself exhausted during a trip. When he came hme, he went t see a dctr. “The reasn I was tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gne. ”
Jim, 69, a frmer Air Frce pilt, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A persn f his age n dialysis usually lives nly abut fur years. Transplants are a lng-sht alternative. The Natinal Kidney Fundatin estimates that 13 peple die every day while waiting fr a dnr with the right bld and tissue types.
Jim’s wife, nephew and fur family friends ffered but weren’t a match. Jim was s discuraged that he was even cnsidering nt attending a reunin f sme Air Frce buddies(铁哥们). But his wife encuraged him t reunite with his ld friends, amng whm was ne he hadn’t seen in 50 years: Dug Cffman. The tw had met when they bth were learning Vietnamese befre they went verseas.
Dug, then 70, felt a strng bnd with his band f brthers, even thugh he hadn’t seen sme f them in decades. Their cnnectin went beynd the battlefield in ways mst sldiers never experience.
Dug had received help frm his friends when he was in truble, s he felt like it was a time that he culd pay that ahead by dnating a kidney t Jim. Frtunately, series f testing revealed nt nly that Dug’s tissue type matched Jim’s but als that he had the kidneys f a 35-year-ld.
The transplant was a success. “It’s pretty miraculus t be able t take an rgan ut f ne persn’s bdy—a living rgan—put it in anther persn’s bdy, and have it wrk, ” Dug says. “And there’s nthing finer than knwing I’ve helped anther persn live a better life. ”
4．Frm this text we knw that Kidney transplant is ________.
A．ExpensiveB．dangerusC．a matter f luckD．an unwise chice
5．Hw ld was Jim when he went verseas?
A．Abut 17.B．Abut 19.C．Abut 22.D．Abut 25.
6．What can we infer frm Dug’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．Dug is happy t dnate a kidney t Jim.B．Jim is having a better life than Dug.
C．The kidney transplant is very successful.D．Mdern medical science is very advanced.
7．What is the theme f this text?
A．Gd luck.B．An peratin.C．Paying it frward.D．Gd relatinship.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim多年不见的老朋友Dug为其捐肾的感人故事。
4．推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplants are lng-sht alternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选择。)”以及最后一句“The Natinal Kidney Fundatin estimates that 13 peple die every day while waiting fr a dnr with the right bld and tissue types.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
5．细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim, 69, a frmer Air Frce pilt, immediately started dialysis (透析) three times a week.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“But his wife encuraged him t reunite with his ld friends, amng whm was ne he hadn’t seen fr nearly 50 years: Dug Cffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格·科夫曼(Dug Cffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：Dug Cffman。由此可知， Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句““And there’s nthing finer than knwing I’ve helped anther persn live a better life.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为Jim捐肾，Dug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。
7．推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Dug had received help frm his friends when he was in truble, s he felt like it was time that he culd pay that ahead by dnating a kidney t Jim(Dug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim了)”可知，Dug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
C
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
8．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is .
A．supprtiveB．puzzledC．uncncernedD．dubtful
9．What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
10．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．ALife hlds the key t human future.B．ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C．AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D．AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
11．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B．Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D．Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamred)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
D
Scientists and engineers are preparing fr pssible travel int interstellar (星际的) space, the area in between stars, in the distant future. A new reprt examines the pssible prblem f changes in language n lng space trips. Tw American researchers have explred ne pssible prblem with such travel. They cnsidered the pssibility that changes in human language culd develp vertime and lead t majr cmmunicatin prblems with peple n Earth.
The language experts are prfessrs Andrew McKenzie frm the University f Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske f Suthern Illinis University. The tw recently published a paper, which cnsiders very lng trips necessary t reach interstellar space, estimated t be abut 18 billin kilmeters frm Earth. It als examines the pssibility f future clnizatin (殖民地的开拓) f distant stars.
Languages naturally change as cmmunities grw mre islated frm each ther, the researchers nte in the paper. The lng islatin f a cmmunity culd lead t enugh differences in language t make it impssible fr cmmunity members back hme t understand. “If yu’re n this spaceship fr 10 generatins, new cncepts and scial issues will emerge, and peple will create ways f talking abut them,” McKenzie said in a statement. Such vcabulary wuld becme specific t nly that spaceship.
“Peple n Earth might never knw abut these wrds, unless there’s a reasn t tell them. And the further away yu get, the less yu’re ging t talk t peple back hme,” McKenzie said. The researchers nted that in additin t new wrds being used, the language f peple traveling n spaceships and living in clnies wuld experience many ther changes. Fr example, the sunds f different letters wuld likely change vertime, affecting nt nly individual wrds, but the whle “grammatical system”, the paper states.
Majr changes in wrd and sentence structure culd als create systematic language barriers vertime, the researchers said. “Given mre time, new grammatical frms can cmpletely replace current nes,” McKenzie said.
12．What is the pssible result f lng space travel accrding t the research?
A．It may bring abut many language barriers.B．Peple may suffer frm mental prblems.
C．It may change peple’s living envirnment.D．Peple culd cmmunicate mre easily n Earth.
13．What des the underlined wrd “islatin” in paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Cnnectin.B．Distributin.C．Lneliness.D．Separatin.
14．What can we infer abut the language used n spaceships frm paragraph 4?
A．It will frm its wn language system.B．It will replace the current language sn.
C．It can be understd by peple n Earth.D．It can be used t cmmunicate with aliens.
15．Why des the authr mentin McKenzie in the last paragraph?
A．T present the way t create new languages.
B．T explain the reasn fr language prblems.
C．T stress the inevitable trend f language changing.
D．T shw the imprtance f new grammatical systems.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“They cnsidered the pssibility that changes in human language culd develp vertime and lead t majr cmmunicatin prblems with peple n Earth.(他们考虑到人类语言的变化可能会随着时间的推移而发展，并导致与地球上的人的主要交流问题)”可知，长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Languages naturally change as cmmunities grw mre islated frm each ther, the researchers nte in the paper.(研究人员在论文中指出，随着社区变得更加孤立，语言自然会发生变化)”可知，一个社区的长期分隔可能会导致语言上的差异，使社区成员无法理解。故划线词意思是“分隔”。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers nted that in additin t new wrds being used, the language f peple traveling n spaceships and living in clnies wuld experience many ther changes. Fr example, the sunds f different letters wuld likely change vertime, affecting nt nly individual wrds, but the whle “grammatical system”, the paper states.(研究人员指出，除了使用新词外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和在殖民地生活的人的语言还会发生许多其他变化。例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影响单个单词，还会影响整个“语法系统”)”可推知，宇宙飞船上使用的语言将形成自己的语言体系。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Majr changes in wrd and sentence structure culd als create systematic language barriers vertime, the researchers said. “Given mre time, new grammatical frms can cmpletely replace current nes,” McKenzie said.(研究人员说，单词和句子结构的重大变化也会造成长期的系统性语言障碍。“如果给更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的，”麦肯齐说)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了麦肯齐是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Wrried abut the climate? 16 . Here are sme examples t get yu started.
•Cunt the birds and the bees
Get clser t nature by becming a citizen scientist. Yu culd be cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs. 17 . It’s a fun grup activity, and yur data can help scientists better understand the impact f human behaviur n natural habitats.
• 18
Media headlines can be alarming when it cmes t the climate and nature crisis r ignring the issues cmpletely. Hsting a lcal discussin can allw space fr reflectin, debate, ideas and cllabratin (合作) t take actin n glbal issues at a lcal level.
•Set up a library f things
Internet shpping has made it t easy t buy new stuff at the click f a buttn. 19 ? First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) yur huse，then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library f things can encurage lcal peple t share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys.
•Start a climate emergency centre
20 . That’s why mre and mre climate emergency centres are ppping up in derelict (废弃地) shps n high streets and in shpping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space fr events such as an exhibitin n plastic waste r a wrkshp t learn hw t make ec-cleaning prducts. It can als be a way t mtivate mre peple t take actin.
A．Cperate with yur lcals
B．But where is it all ging t end up
C．Hst a climate and nature discussin
D．But hw have we cnsumed the things
E．The climate and nature crisis isn’t ging away
F．There are lts f citizen science prjects t take part in
G．Small lcal actins with neighbrs, lcal businesses and pliticians can make a difference
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．C 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了个人可以采取的行动来应对气候变化和保护环境的例子，包括参与公民科学项目、举办关于气候和自然问题的当地讨论、建立共享物品的图书馆，以及建立气候紧急中心以提高意识并激发行动。
16．根据空前“Wrried abut the climate? (担心气候吗？)”及空后“Here are sme examples t get yu started. (这里有一些例子可以帮助你开始。)”可推出，空处应该与解决上文的问题有关，G项“Small lcal actins with neighbrs, lcal businesses and pliticians can make a difference (当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的小行动可以带来改变)”承上启下，下文顺接G项，文章也将会从当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的角度展开陈述解决办法，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
17．根据上文“Get clser t nature by becming a citizen scientist. Yu culd be cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs. (通过成为一名公民科学家来接近自然。你可以数花园里的鸟、蝴蝶、昆虫和鲜花，甚至是爬行动物和刺猬。)”，下文“It’s a fun grup activity, and yur data can help scientists better understand the impact f human behaviur n natural habitats. (这是一个有趣的小组活动，你的数据可以帮助科学家更好地理解人类行为对自然栖息地的影响。)”可知，作为居民，成为公民科学家，通过观察花园里的各种动植物来帮助积累数据，帮助科学家更好地解决问题，F项“There are lts f citizen science prjects t take part in (有很多公民科学项目可以参与)”，句中citizen science prjects与上文的a citizen scientist呼应，话题一致，prjects则指代上文的cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs，上下文衔接连贯，故选F项。
18．根据下文“Hsting a lcal discussin can allw space fr reflectin, debate, ideas and cllabratin (合作) t take actin n glbal issues at a lcal level. (举办地方讨论可以为反思、辩论、想法和合作提供空间，以便在地方一级就全球问题采取行动。)”可知，本段主要介绍了举办有关气候问题的社区讨论来警示人们，题型人们关注气候自然危机并采取行动，C项“Hst a climate and nature discussin (主持一场气候和自然的讨论)”可以概括本段主旨，Hsting a lcal discussin为复现词，上下文话题一致。故选C项。
19．根据上文“Internet shpping has made it t easy t buy new stuff at the click f a buttn. (网上购物使得点击一个按钮就能买到新东西变得太容易了。)”，下文“First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) yur huse, then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library f things can encurage lcal peple t share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys. (首先，它会凌乱地塞满你的房子，然后它会塞满地球。建立一个物品图书馆可以鼓励当地人分享一切，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具。)”可知，网购很容易，网购的东西，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具，太多了，可以分享给他人，由此推出，空处应该谈及太多网购东西的处置，故B项“But where is it all ging t end up (但这一切会在哪里结束呢)”，与下文share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选B项。
20．根据下文“That’s why mre and mre climate emergency centres are ppping up in derelict (废弃地) shps n high streets and in shpping centres. (这就是为什么越来越多的气候应急中心出现在商业街和购物中心的废弃商店里。)”可知，设空处为导致越来越多的气候应急中心出现的原因。E项“The climate and nature crisis isn’t ging away (气候和自然危机并没有消失)”，与下文为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。
阅读理解+七选五
时间 ：40分钟 满分：50分
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A Lk at Fur f the Wrld-famus Clleges
University Cllege Lndn, England. United Kingdm
This university was funded with the intent f pening educatin equally and t all. In 1878, University Cllege Lndn began admitting wmen using the same admissin standards men were held t. The cllege was the first in the United Kingdm t accept students frm any class r religin.
Tuitin (学费) fr each student cmes in at $31,000. This price des include fees fr husing, fd, travel expenses and insurance.
University f Melburne, Melburne, Australia
It pened in 1853 and is knwn fr its utstanding research and teaching prgrams. Research at the university in the 1970s led t a cchlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving mre than 200,000 patients wrldwide hearing.
Parents f native students expect t pay $24,500 fr the first term’s tuitin and anther $19,500 fr rm and bard in residential husing.
University f Cambridge, England, United Kingdm
Recrds f the university reach back t 1209 when the area was an ancient Rman trading pst, making it the secnd ldest university in the UK. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with arund 1,300 f thse cming frm 65 different cuntries.
Tuitin fr the bachelr prgrams like engineering reaches $31,000.
Sarah Lawrence Cllege, New Yrk, United States
It is knwn fr a diverse student bdy cming frm 53 different cuntries. The teacher/student rati (比例) and persnalized curses f study attract students frm the United States and abrad.
Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 fr tuitin. The cst t attend Sarah Lawrence may seem prhibitive t many, but a degree frm this hnured cllege can pen many drs fr graduates.
1．When did University Cllege Lndn start t admit wmen n equal terms with men?
A．In 1209.B．In1853.C．In 1878.D．In 1887.
2．Which cllege develped a device t benefit peple with hearing lss?
A．University f Melburne.B．Sarah Lawrence Cllege.
C．University f Cambridge.D．University Cllege Lndn.
3．What d the last tw clleges have in cmmn?
A．They just ffer the bachelr prgrams.B．They feature the highest cst f bard.
C．They are lcated in the United Kingdm.D．They are favured by internatinal students.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所世界名校。
1．细节理解题。根据University Cllege Lndn, England, United Kingdm标题下“In 1878, University Cllege Lndn began admitting wmen using the same admissin standards men were held t.”（自1878年开始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生。）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自1878年开始。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据University f Melburne, Melburne, Australia标题下“Research at the university in the 1970s led t a cchlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving mre than 200,000 patients wrldwide hearing.”（20世纪70年代，该大学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球20多万患者提供了听力。）可知，20世纪70年代，墨尔本大学研发出人工耳蜗，造福全世界20多万听障人士。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据University f Cambridge, England, United Kingdm标题下“Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with arund 1,300 f thse cming frm 65 different cuntries.”（剑桥大学目前有21000名学生，其中约1300人来自65个不同的国家。）及Sarah Lawrence Cllege, New Yrk, United States标题下“It is knwn fr a diverse student bdy cming frm 53 different cuntries.”（它以来自53个不同国家的多样化学生群体而闻名。）可知，剑桥大学和莎拉·劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐。故选D项。
B
Jim fund himself exhausted during a trip. When he came hme, he went t see a dctr. “The reasn I was tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gne. ”
Jim, 69, a frmer Air Frce pilt, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A persn f his age n dialysis usually lives nly abut fur years. Transplants are a lng-sht alternative. The Natinal Kidney Fundatin estimates that 13 peple die every day while waiting fr a dnr with the right bld and tissue types.
Jim’s wife, nephew and fur family friends ffered but weren’t a match. Jim was s discuraged that he was even cnsidering nt attending a reunin f sme Air Frce buddies(铁哥们). But his wife encuraged him t reunite with his ld friends, amng whm was ne he hadn’t seen in 50 years: Dug Cffman. The tw had met when they bth were learning Vietnamese befre they went verseas.
Dug, then 70, felt a strng bnd with his band f brthers, even thugh he hadn’t seen sme f them in decades. Their cnnectin went beynd the battlefield in ways mst sldiers never experience.
Dug had received help frm his friends when he was in truble, s he felt like it was a time that he culd pay that ahead by dnating a kidney t Jim. Frtunately, series f testing revealed nt nly that Dug’s tissue type matched Jim’s but als that he had the kidneys f a 35-year-ld.
The transplant was a success. “It’s pretty miraculus t be able t take an rgan ut f ne persn’s bdy—a living rgan—put it in anther persn’s bdy, and have it wrk, ” Dug says. “And there’s nthing finer than knwing I’ve helped anther persn live a better life. ”
4．Frm this text we knw that Kidney transplant is ________.
A．ExpensiveB．dangerusC．a matter f luckD．an unwise chice
5．Hw ld was Jim when he went verseas?
A．Abut 17.B．Abut 19.C．Abut 22.D．Abut 25.
6．What can we infer frm Dug’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A．Dug is happy t dnate a kidney t Jim.B．Jim is having a better life than Dug.
C．The kidney transplant is very successful.D．Mdern medical science is very advanced.
7．What is the theme f this text?
A．Gd luck.B．An peratin.C．Paying it frward.D．Gd relatinship.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim多年不见的老朋友Dug为其捐肾的感人故事。
4．推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplants are lng-sht alternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选择。)”以及最后一句“The Natinal Kidney Fundatin estimates that 13 peple die every day while waiting fr a dnr with the right bld and tissue types.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
5．细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim, 69, a frmer Air Frce pilt, immediately started dialysis (透析) three times a week.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“But his wife encuraged him t reunite with his ld friends, amng whm was ne he hadn’t seen fr nearly 50 years: Dug Cffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格·科夫曼(Dug Cffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：Dug Cffman。由此可知， Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句““And there’s nthing finer than knwing I’ve helped anther persn live a better life.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为Jim捐肾，Dug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。
7．推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Dug had received help frm his friends when he was in truble, s he felt like it was time that he culd pay that ahead by dnating a kidney t Jim(Dug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim了)”可知，Dug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
C
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
8．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is .
A．supprtiveB．puzzledC．uncncernedD．dubtful
9．What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
10．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．ALife hlds the key t human future.B．ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C．AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D．AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
11．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B．Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D．Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamred)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
D
Scientists and engineers are preparing fr pssible travel int interstellar (星际的) space, the area in between stars, in the distant future. A new reprt examines the pssible prblem f changes in language n lng space trips. Tw American researchers have explred ne pssible prblem with such travel. They cnsidered the pssibility that changes in human language culd develp vertime and lead t majr cmmunicatin prblems with peple n Earth.
The language experts are prfessrs Andrew McKenzie frm the University f Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske f Suthern Illinis University. The tw recently published a paper, which cnsiders very lng trips necessary t reach interstellar space, estimated t be abut 18 billin kilmeters frm Earth. It als examines the pssibility f future clnizatin (殖民地的开拓) f distant stars.
Languages naturally change as cmmunities grw mre islated frm each ther, the researchers nte in the paper. The lng islatin f a cmmunity culd lead t enugh differences in language t make it impssible fr cmmunity members back hme t understand. “If yu’re n this spaceship fr 10 generatins, new cncepts and scial issues will emerge, and peple will create ways f talking abut them,” McKenzie said in a statement. Such vcabulary wuld becme specific t nly that spaceship.
“Peple n Earth might never knw abut these wrds, unless there’s a reasn t tell them. And the further away yu get, the less yu’re ging t talk t peple back hme,” McKenzie said. The researchers nted that in additin t new wrds being used, the language f peple traveling n spaceships and living in clnies wuld experience many ther changes. Fr example, the sunds f different letters wuld likely change vertime, affecting nt nly individual wrds, but the whle “grammatical system”, the paper states.
Majr changes in wrd and sentence structure culd als create systematic language barriers vertime, the researchers said. “Given mre time, new grammatical frms can cmpletely replace current nes,” McKenzie said.
12．What is the pssible result f lng space travel accrding t the research?
A．It may bring abut many language barriers.B．Peple may suffer frm mental prblems.
C．It may change peple’s living envirnment.D．Peple culd cmmunicate mre easily n Earth.
13．What des the underlined wrd “islatin” in paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Cnnectin.B．Distributin.C．Lneliness.D．Separatin.
14．What can we infer abut the language used n spaceships frm paragraph 4?
A．It will frm its wn language system.B．It will replace the current language sn.
C．It can be understd by peple n Earth.D．It can be used t cmmunicate with aliens.
15．Why des the authr mentin McKenzie in the last paragraph?
A．T present the way t create new languages.
B．T explain the reasn fr language prblems.
C．T stress the inevitable trend f language changing.
D．T shw the imprtance f new grammatical systems.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“They cnsidered the pssibility that changes in human language culd develp vertime and lead t majr cmmunicatin prblems with peple n Earth.(他们考虑到人类语言的变化可能会随着时间的推移而发展，并导致与地球上的人的主要交流问题)”可知，长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Languages naturally change as cmmunities grw mre islated frm each ther, the researchers nte in the paper.(研究人员在论文中指出，随着社区变得更加孤立，语言自然会发生变化)”可知，一个社区的长期分隔可能会导致语言上的差异，使社区成员无法理解。故划线词意思是“分隔”。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers nted that in additin t new wrds being used, the language f peple traveling n spaceships and living in clnies wuld experience many ther changes. Fr example, the sunds f different letters wuld likely change vertime, affecting nt nly individual wrds, but the whle “grammatical system”, the paper states.(研究人员指出，除了使用新词外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和在殖民地生活的人的语言还会发生许多其他变化。例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影响单个单词，还会影响整个“语法系统”)”可推知，宇宙飞船上使用的语言将形成自己的语言体系。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Majr changes in wrd and sentence structure culd als create systematic language barriers vertime, the researchers said. “Given mre time, new grammatical frms can cmpletely replace current nes,” McKenzie said.(研究人员说，单词和句子结构的重大变化也会造成长期的系统性语言障碍。“如果给更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的，”麦肯齐说)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了麦肯齐是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Wrried abut the climate? 16 . Here are sme examples t get yu started.
•Cunt the birds and the bees
Get clser t nature by becming a citizen scientist. Yu culd be cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs. 17 . It’s a fun grup activity, and yur data can help scientists better understand the impact f human behaviur n natural habitats.
• 18
Media headlines can be alarming when it cmes t the climate and nature crisis r ignring the issues cmpletely. Hsting a lcal discussin can allw space fr reflectin, debate, ideas and cllabratin (合作) t take actin n glbal issues at a lcal level.
•Set up a library f things
Internet shpping has made it t easy t buy new stuff at the click f a buttn. 19 ? First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) yur huse，then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library f things can encurage lcal peple t share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys.
•Start a climate emergency centre
20 . That’s why mre and mre climate emergency centres are ppping up in derelict (废弃地) shps n high streets and in shpping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space fr events such as an exhibitin n plastic waste r a wrkshp t learn hw t make ec-cleaning prducts. It can als be a way t mtivate mre peple t take actin.
A．Cperate with yur lcals
B．But where is it all ging t end up
C．Hst a climate and nature discussin
D．But hw have we cnsumed the things
E．The climate and nature crisis isn’t ging away
F．There are lts f citizen science prjects t take part in
G．Small lcal actins with neighbrs, lcal businesses and pliticians can make a difference
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．C 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了个人可以采取的行动来应对气候变化和保护环境的例子，包括参与公民科学项目、举办关于气候和自然问题的当地讨论、建立共享物品的图书馆，以及建立气候紧急中心以提高意识并激发行动。
16．根据空前“Wrried abut the climate? (担心气候吗？)”及空后“Here are sme examples t get yu started. (这里有一些例子可以帮助你开始。)”可推出，空处应该与解决上文的问题有关，G项“Small lcal actins with neighbrs, lcal businesses and pliticians can make a difference (当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的小行动可以带来改变)”承上启下，下文顺接G项，文章也将会从当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的角度展开陈述解决办法，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
17．根据上文“Get clser t nature by becming a citizen scientist. Yu culd be cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs. (通过成为一名公民科学家来接近自然。你可以数花园里的鸟、蝴蝶、昆虫和鲜花，甚至是爬行动物和刺猬。)”，下文“It’s a fun grup activity, and yur data can help scientists better understand the impact f human behaviur n natural habitats. (这是一个有趣的小组活动，你的数据可以帮助科学家更好地理解人类行为对自然栖息地的影响。)”可知，作为居民，成为公民科学家，通过观察花园里的各种动植物来帮助积累数据，帮助科学家更好地解决问题，F项“There are lts f citizen science prjects t take part in (有很多公民科学项目可以参与)”，句中citizen science prjects与上文的a citizen scientist呼应，话题一致，prjects则指代上文的cunting birds in yur garden, butterflies, insects and flwers, r even reptiles and hedgehgs，上下文衔接连贯，故选F项。
18．根据下文“Hsting a lcal discussin can allw space fr reflectin, debate, ideas and cllabratin (合作) t take actin n glbal issues at a lcal level. (举办地方讨论可以为反思、辩论、想法和合作提供空间，以便在地方一级就全球问题采取行动。)”可知，本段主要介绍了举办有关气候问题的社区讨论来警示人们，题型人们关注气候自然危机并采取行动，C项“Hst a climate and nature discussin (主持一场气候和自然的讨论)”可以概括本段主旨，Hsting a lcal discussin为复现词，上下文话题一致。故选C项。
19．根据上文“Internet shpping has made it t easy t buy new stuff at the click f a buttn. (网上购物使得点击一个按钮就能买到新东西变得太容易了。)”，下文“First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) yur huse, then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library f things can encurage lcal peple t share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys. (首先，它会凌乱地塞满你的房子，然后它会塞满地球。建立一个物品图书馆可以鼓励当地人分享一切，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具。)”可知，网购很容易，网购的东西，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具，太多了，可以分享给他人，由此推出，空处应该谈及太多网购东西的处置，故B项“But where is it all ging t end up (但这一切会在哪里结束呢)”，与下文share everything frm tls t instruments, cking gadgets t tys呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选B项。
20．根据下文“That’s why mre and mre climate emergency centres are ppping up in derelict (废弃地) shps n high streets and in shpping centres. (这就是为什么越来越多的气候应急中心出现在商业街和购物中心的废弃商店里。)”可知，设空处为导致越来越多的气候应急中心出现的原因。E项“The climate and nature crisis isn’t ging away (气候和自然危机并没有消失)”，与下文为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。
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