2024年中考英语语法专项-定语从句

这是一份2024年中考英语语法专项-定语从句，共7页。试卷主要包含了含义等内容，欢迎下载使用。
修饰名词、代词或整个句子，在句子中起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称形容词性从句。
定语从句三要素：先行词+引导词+从句
被修饰的那个名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从向的词叫引导词(也叫关系词〉，引导词在从句中要做成分。
定语从句的构成：主句十先行词+连接词/关系词+从句 (从句”修饰”先行词)
eg: I knw the girl wh is sitting under the tree.
找出下列句子中的主句、连接词、和从句
Basketball was invented by a Canadian dctr named James Naismith, wh was brn in 1861.
2. These usually try t shw the things that are imprtant in life.
3. Let's find a place where we can have a picnic.
4. The Chinese f curse are the nes wh best understand the nature f tea.
5. These small pieces f clay art shw the lve that all Chinese peple have fr life and beauty.
6. The stry which he tld us was very ppular.
7. The man whm yu lked fr yesterday has already cme.
8. I still remember my high schl days when I created many sweet memries with my classmates.
连接词/引导词
引导词分为两类：关系代词（that、which、whse、whm）和关系副词（when、where、why）
关系代词：that、which、whse、whm在从句中充当成分，可做主语、宾语、定语
先行词指物时，用that（主、宾）,which（主、宾）， whse（定）物的。
先行词指人时，用that（主、宾），wh（主、宾），whm（宾）引导，whse（定）人的
1. China will als get better at making high-technlgy prducts that peple can buy everywhere.________
2. The guests wh/whm we invited have all shwn up. ____________
3. Kang Jian bught a pair f shes whse price was really high. __________
4. Kites which are made in Weifang becme famus all ver the wrld. ____________
5. There are many peple wh knw well abut Chinese tea culture.__________
填写连接词并标明所做成分：
Sky lanterns __________ are used at festivals and ther celebratins are usually made f bamb.
Candy Wang is a 19-year-ld pp star _________ has attracted tns f attentin.
It’s abut a man named Scrge ________ never laughs r smiles.
I like htel rms ________ windws always face the nrth.
My birthday is cming but I dn’t knw if thse peple _________ I have invited will cme.
The wallet __________ clr is white belngs t Mary.
关系代词作主语，注意主谓一致
I am ne f thse peple wh like t answer questins in class.
I dn’t like the bk which tells the stry f a bad witch.
3.关系代词的省略
关系代词 that/wh/which/whm 在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartns (that/which) like have lts f jkes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting， 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
4.关系代词只能用 that 的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用 that
如：My father and his teacher talked a lt abut the persns and things that they culdn't remember.
(2)当先行词是不定代词 或 被不定代词修饰时
是指物的不定代词 anything, smething, nthing, everything, all, few, nne, sme, little 等或被不定代词 every, any, all, sme,n, little, few, much 等修饰时关系代词只能用 that.
如：Say all that yu knw.
Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
Any man that desn't have a sense f duty can't d the thing well.
注意：【先行词是指人的不定代词 anybdy, anyne, everyne, everybdy,smene, smebdy 等，应用wh或者whm.】
(3)当先行词有the ne, the very, the nly, the same, the last 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which (指人用 wh).
Eg: That's the nly thing that I can d nw.
These are the very(adj 恰好的)wrds that he used.
（4)当先行词是序数词、最高级或被其修饰时，关系代词只能用 that.
如： This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
This is the best nvel that I have read.
（5)当主句是wh或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复,关系词只能用 that.
eg: Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
5. 关系代词只能用which 的情况
(1) 先行词本身就是that 时：
The clck is that which tells the time. I dn't like that which he did.
(2 )先行词有指示代词 (that/this/these/thse）修饰
如：I an reading that bk which yu read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书。
(3)引导词前有介词且指物时；（具体使用什么介词，看从句动词/短语的搭配）
The schl campus in which we study every day is beautiful 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
The pen with which I write my hmewrk is given by my father.
(4) 非限定性定语从句，物只能用which引导【人用whm/wh】
（非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉从句不影响主句的意义，引导词代替的是前面的整个句子)
That necklace, which yu gave me as a present, was lst yesterday.
Ftball, which is a very interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
关系代词只能用whm的情况
先行词是人，且引导词前有介词（具体使用什么介词，看从句动词/短语的搭配）
The teacher wh I wrk with is Miss Ca.
The teacher with whm I wrk is Miss Ca.
Please pass the magazine_______ has a picture f China’s C919 plane n the cver.
/ B. that C. whse D. wh
Liu Yang is the first wman astrnaut _________ has ever traveled in space.
whm B. wh C. which D. that
I still remember the cllege and the teachers ________ I visited in Lngdn years ag.
which B. that C. wh D. whm
What yu think f The Three-Bdy Prblem ________ is written by Liu Cixin?
wh B. what C. that D. whse
We call him Mr. Knwledgeable because he knws everything ________ we want t knw.
whm B. wh C. which D. that
Tys are nt the nly things _______ are made in China because many prducts there are frm China.
whm B. wh C. which D. that
Jim, d yu knw the by _______ is swimming in the pl?
wh B. which C. whse D. that
We have been encuraged by the speech ________ was given by Mary!
this B. it C. that D. wh
I fund sme ld drs frm the ld building ________ were trn dwn by wrkers.
which B. where C. \ D. what
There is a Chinese idim(成语) describing peple ________ are active like a rabbit.
填连接词：wh/whm/whse/that/which
Our cuntry isn’t the pr cuntry _________ it used t be.
I like the city _________ peple are really kind and humrus.
Have yu cllected enugh infrmatin ________ is needed fr yur survey?
I like the present _______ yu bught fr me.
I prefer bks _________ tpics are abut histry.
I will always remember the friends and places ________ I have seen here.
2.关系副词（在从句做时间、地点、原因状语）when/where/why
1. where
有关系副词 where 引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building, city,rm 等，where 在从句中作地点状语。
eg1. The htel where we stayed was very clean.
eg2. This is the place where Lu Xun was brn.
eg3. That factry where my father wrks has already been clsed.
2. when
有when 引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如 time, day, date,等, when 在从句中作时间状语。(注意和时间状语从句辨析)
eg1. I’ll never frget the time when we first met in Lndn
eg2. He remembers the day when he jined the Party.
eg3. That was the exact time when he arrived in Chengdu.
3.why
有why引导的定语从句，其先行词基本是reasn, why在从句中做原因状语
eg1.Nw I knw the reasn why yu were late fr class this mrning.
eg2. Nbdy knws the reasn why he ften acts like a strange persn.
练习：
Wuld yu like t g t Xinglng Park ________ many flwers can be seen in Spring?
where B. when C. why D. that
When was this invented? In the Tang Dynasty _________ China grew s strng.
where B. when C. why D. which
Ten mnths has passed but we still remember thse exciting days________ we spent during 2022 Winter Olympics.
where B. when C. that D. hw
I wrk in a shp _______ sells different kinds f vegetables.
where B. when C. why D. which
I wrk in a shp _______ different kinds f vegetables are sld.
where B. when C. why D. which
The hspital _______ his father wrks is a new ne.
that B. when C. which D. where
The hspital _______ his father wrks in is a new ne.
in which B. when C. which D. where
The hspital in_______ his father wrks is a new ne
that B. when C. which D. where
He lks upset but I can’t find ut the reasn ________ he gets sad.
when B. where C. why D. hw
Nbdy likes Mnday mrnings ______ they have t get up early t wrk.
when B. where C. why D. that
I want t live in a htel ________________ there is a big swimming pl.
Tell me the reasn ________________ Anna didn’t hand in her hmewrk.
Wuld yu like t spend with me this weekend _________ yu’re free frm wrk?
Hangzhu _______ Dragn Well Tea is prduced is als famus fr its beautiful view.
Lisa went t a great park ________ which she played basketball with her brther. (填介词)
综合练习：
They are frm a grup that _______ classical music.
play B. plays C. playing D. t play
The persn t __________ yu talked is ur maths teacher.
which B. that C. wh D. whm
Bill, culd yu share smething abut the bk? ——Sure, it’s ne f the mst interesting bks _____ are sld in the bkstre.
what B. that C. wh D. where
Anyne can help find the infrmatin f the singer _______ I need t give a talk?
abut which B. with which C. abut whm D. with whm
She has a teenage granddaughter abut my age _______ is really kind.
what B. wh C. which D. whm
Are yu ready fr the exam?——Yes, I’ve dne anything _______ I can t get a gd grade.
wh B. that C. which D. what
This is the bk ______ I’m lking fr.
/ B. which C. that D. all the abve
When is the last time _______ I gave yu a lessn?
when B. that C. what D. which
Here is the dress _______ in the shp windw.
yu saw it B. that yu saw it C. that saw it D. yu saw
D yu knw the student _______ talking with ur teacher?
wh is B. wh was C. which is D. which was
It’s an elephant _________ left ear was sht.
wh B. whm C. its D. whse
Yu shuld lk after all ________ yu have.
that B. what C. wh D. which
What is the animal _______ babies are sleeping in its pcket?
wh’s B. whse C. which D. that
The place __________ interested me mst was the Children’s Palace(宫殿).
which B. where C. what D. in which
The number f the peple wh __________ tea _________ increasing.
enjy, is B. enjys, is C. enjy, are D. enjys, are