2024广州广铁一中、广州外国语学校、广州大学附中高二下学期期末考试英语含解析

这是一份2024广州广铁一中、广州外国语学校、广州大学附中高二下学期期末考试英语含解析，共33页。试卷主要包含了5，满分50分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

满分120分 考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，每小题2.5，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Linda Hall Library is pen t the public free f charge during regular library hurs. There is n charge fr getting a library card. Patrns can request and use materials in the library, prvided the items are in gd physical cnditin.
 T sign up fr a brrwing accunt, yu must be a resident f the Kansas City area. Yu have t prvide a current state r federal pht ID with a KC area street address.
 A pht ID plus utility bill in yur name is needed if the current address differs frm that n the ID.
 Patrns must shw their LHL library card r a pht ID at the time f check-ut.
Wh Can Brrw:
 Individuals living within the Kansas City area as defined belw:
Missuri — Bates, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Clintn, Jacksn, Jhnsn, Iafayette, Platte, Ray
Kansas —Duglas, Franklin, Jhnsn, Leavenwrth, L.inn, Miami, Wyandtte
 Established businesses within the KC area. Cntact Reference Services at 8169268701 r reference@lindahall.rg fr mre infrmatin abut authrized brrwing fr businesses, r fill ut ur web applicatin.
 Students, faculty, and staff participating in Curtesy Card institutins. Cntact fr mre infrmatin abut the Curtesy Card Prgram.
If yu wish t brrw frm the Linda Hall Library but d nt meet the abve criteria, please cntact yur lcal library and request t brrw thrugh interlibrary lan frm Dcument Delivery Services.
Fr mre infrmatin n hw t request library materials, please see this guide n Making Requests in Prim. Yu may wish t register t attend an in-persn “Navigating Linda Hall Library” sessin.
1. What is a must fr brrwing materials frm the library?
A. A currently taken pht.B. A brrwing accunt.
C. A guarantee depsit.D. An authrized applicatin.
2. Which f the fllwing persns can brrw materials frm the library?
A. A student studying in a cllege.
B. An individual living in Washingtn.
C. A persn wrking a cmpany in the KC area.
D. A persn wrking fr Curtesy Card Prgram.
3. What shuld yu d if yu dn’t meet the criteria fr the library?
A. Fill ut an applicatin nline.
B. Turn t yur lcal library fr help.
C. Fllw the fficial guidance.
D. Brrw sme materials nline.
B
Even nw, I have vivid memries f my last day f high schl. In my mind’s eye, I’m cleaning ut my lcker, and then staring at the emptiness fr a few extra beats befre slamming it shut fr the last time. I’m wandering arund the halls with my best friend, blissfully ignring the bells ging ff every 50 minutes n schedule because, just tday, we’re allwed t break the rules. I’m sitting n my desk, swinging my feet, and shting the breeze (闲聊) with my English teacher, Mr. Carr, in a way that makes me feel almst grwn up.
It was maybe my favrite day f the whle year. Like the final layer f waterclr, the freedm and lightness I feel seeps (渗透) int the rest f my memries f that day and turns them just a shade rsier.
If the schl year hasn’t yet ended fr yu, cnsider what yu can d t make the finale cunt. Why? Because when it cmes t human memry, nt all mments are created equal. Instead, ur remembered experiences are disprprtinately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best mments as well as the wrst) and endings (the last mments). Nbel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, wh discvered this phenmenn, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that ur judgment f a past experience is largely based n its mst extreme pint and its endpint.
I tk advantage f the peak-end rule years ag, when my girls were yung enugh t want a bedtime stry each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had ccurred that day, I culd make the last mments cunt. I culd end n a nte f calm and act like the patient mm I hadn’t quite managed t be just hurs befre.
Dn’t mistake all mments as equal insignificance. There’s a reasn why yga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reasn we eat dessert last. D rganize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks cach Pete Carrll might say: Finish strng. Last impressins are especially lasting.
4. What can the authr suggest ding t make the end f a schl year memrable?
A. Planning a special event fr the last day.
B. Reflecting n the entire academic year.
C. Ignring schl regulatins.
D. Fcusing n the final exam.
5. Which statement is true abut the peak-end rule?
A. The last mments matter the mst in ur memries.
B. Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings.
C. The peaks and ends f experiences are easier t remember.
D. Our judgment f the past is determined by first impressins.
6 What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. What struggles the authr had in life.
B. Hw the authr treated her daughters.
C Why the authr read stries t her kids.
D. Hw the authr applied the rule t daily life.
7 Why is Pete Carrll mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T shw the imprtance f ding sprts.
B. T explain why last impressins are lasting.
C. T prve the peak-end rule can be used in sprts.
D. T encurage readers t value the last mments f an experience.
C
Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a big decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice, and it is certainly pssible t verthink things. But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins. Psychlgists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the errr is making a call based n the least f evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a prfessr at the University f Illinis, and David Dunning, a prfessr at the University f Michigan, has fund that hasty judgments are ften just ne part f larger errr-prne patterns in behavir and thinking. These patterns have csts. Peple wh tend t make such jumps in their reasning ften chse a bet in which they have lw chances f winning instead f ne where their chances are much better.
T study jumping, researchers did an experiment t examine decisin-making patterns amng 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. They applied a thinking game, in which players encuntered smene wh was fishing frm ne f tw lakes: in ne lake, mst f the fish were red; in the ther, mst were gray. The fisher wuld catch ne fish at a time and stp nly when players thught they culd say which lake was being fished. Sme players had t see many fish befre making a decisin. Others—the jumpers—stpped after nly ne r tw. Participants were als asked questins t learn mre abut their thught patterns. It was fund that the fewer fish a player waited t see, the mre errrs that individual made in ther types f beliefs, reasning and decisins.
S what is behind jumping? Researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic, knwn as system l, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt; and cntrlled, r system 2, cnsisting f effrtful reasning that is analytic, mindful and intentinal. It was fund that jumpers and nn-jumpers were equally influenced by autmatic thughts. The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps peple cunterbalance mental biases intrduced by system 1. A lack f system 2 thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur heart is a frequent and imprtant ne. Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake. Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
8. What is the main idea f the first tw paragraphs?
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity fr judgments.
C. Jumping results frm a wish t win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency t a mental mistake.
9. What can we learn frm the experiment?
A. Jumpers caught mre fish than nn-jumpers.
B. Nn-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Nn-jumpers tended t see mre fish befre naming the lake.
D. Peple wh saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasning.
10. Accrding t the passage, in which situatin is system 2 engaged mre?
A. After cmparing different brands and mdels, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apll mn landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windws f a restaurant, Mary decided its fd was bad.
D. When picking a dctr, Jim merely accepted the recmmendatin frm a friend.
11. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. T reflect n ur thught patterns regularly.
B. T think twice befre we make ur decisins.
C. T realize the cnsequences f faulty reasning.
D. T adpt tw pathways f thught befre acting.
D
In tday’s digital era, scial media users are increasingly cming acrss fake news nline. This leads t the pressing issue: What causes peple t fall fr misinfrmatin n the Internet?
Accrding t researchers at the Penn State Cllege f Infrmatin Sciences and Technlgy, users can easily fall int an ech chamber (回声室)—a srt f virtual space where users cnsume nly ne-sided news, eventually distrusting any ppsing views. “We all tend t agree with the grup pinin. Hence, peple naturally get tgether with thers wh hld the same pinin,” said Dngwn Lee, ne f the researchers. “But if yu’re nt cautius, there is a high risk f falling int an ech chamber.”
T prevent this phenmenn, the researchers have crafted a nvel tl, a game named ChamberBreaker, t help players resist ech chambers and reduce the rate f fake news spread. The fundamental apprach emplyed by ChamberBreaker centers arund a decisin-making prcedure that mirrrs the creatin f ech chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying t have cmmunity members fall int an ech chamber. T begin, the player is randmly assigned a situatin that fcuses n a health, plitical r envirnmental issue, and is presented with six pieces f news n that tpic. Then, the player selects news that culd cause the ther members t fall int an ech chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the cmmunity members will fall int an ech chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects n the cmmunity.
After develping ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with ver 800 subjects t see if it raised awareness f ech chambers and changed news cnsumptin behavirs. The researchers fund that thse wh played ChamberBreaker were significantly mre likely t state their intentin t bserve nline infrmatin frm mre diverse perspectives and shwed an increased awareness f the ech chamber phenmenn.
Ultimately, the researchers hpe that their methdlgy can excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study related t infrmatin cnsumptin. The applicatin f tls like ChamberBreaker, which fcuses n fstering analytical reasning, may lead us twards a mre infrmed nline cmmunity.
12. What can be learned abut an nline ech chamber?
A. It encurages well-judged views.
B. It gathers like-minded individuals.
C. It functins as a virtual reality platfrm.
D. It serves as a tl fr identifying fake infrmatin.
13. What is ChamberBreaker’s cre methd against ech chambers?
A. Assignment f situatins.B. Trust-building exercises.
C. News selectin strategy.D. Cmmunity impact assessment.
14. Which f the fllwing can shw ChamberBreaker’s effectiveness?
A. The results f scientific testing.
B. The theretical framewrk f the game.
C. The descriptin f the game prcedures.
D The cmmn challenges faced during gameplay.
15. What is the likely lng-term effect f playing ChamberBreaker?
A. Reducing news inquiry.B. Encuraging passive reading.
C. Strengthening prejudiced views.D. Enhancing critical thinking.
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选中填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。
Hw clur psychlgy influences yur dinner party guests
After spending hurs cking and preparing the table setting fr yur guests, yu hpe that everyne enjys yur recipes. But it’s nt all abut the quality f the ingredients and the skills f the ck. ____16____Whether it is a plate, a glass, a bwl r a cup, clur makes a significant impact n yur guests.
___17___After that first impressin, the brain integrates the visual infrmatin and affects perceptin(认知), making yu think that the same fd is excellent, gd r average. Thus, the gal fr dinner parties is t ensure that the fd lks pleasing t the eye, s yur guests will think it tastes as gd as it lks.
Bwl clur influences the desirability f fd fr picky eaters, as well as the perceptin f saltiness. Picky eaters tend t perceive meals in red and blue bwls as saltier cmpared t white. And they are mre unwilling t try new fd in a red bwl. ___18___
Yu can never g wrng with a white plate. Just avid it when the fd served is pale. Fr desserts, white is ideal because it increases flavrs and enhances sweetness. ____19____ Serving fd in a black bwl can increase perceptins f its saltiness and prtin size.
T bring extra aesthetic(审美的)appeal, creativity and t highlight fds lacking in clur, yu can serve yur meal n bright plates. But be careful! ____20____Similar ingredient clrs t the tableware make everything integrate tgether and yur guests think they have less fd.
A. It starts with yur sight.
B. But the result f dark plates can vary a little.
C. Hwever, the rules f clur may nt apply t all.
D. Besides, clurful plates are preferred by chsy eaters.
E. Fd shuld nly lk mre vivid depending n the meal.
F. The tableware is als an essential element, especially the clur.
G. S, fr demanding guests, chse the clur f the tableware first.
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共25小题，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Jdy, a high schl wrestling cach sprang int actin after hearing that his lngtime friend Ray needed a kidney (肾).
“Last year Ray gave me a call and he sunded____21____. I asked him if he was kay. He stpped fr a mment and said, ‘I’m____22____ ,’” Jdy explained.
Withut thinking twice, Jdy began____23____.Unfrtunately, he fund ut he wuldn’t be a kidney match fr Ray, wh was running ut f time because f hw____24____he was n the dnr list.
“I quickly realized thrugh the____25____dnr prgram at LV Hspital, I culd actually dnate t the kidney bank,____26____anther persn’s life wh I dn’t knw, and Ray wuld mve up n the kidney dnr recipient (受方) list,” said Jdy.
And that’s____27____what he did. With the supprt f his family, Jdy gt the green light and____28____with the surgery.
Fllwing the surgery, Jdy’s dctr tld him the____29____fact: “We fund cancer in yu.” ____30____, Jdy was in the early stages f a type f cancer that usually ges____31____ until it’s t late. If nt fr his____32____t dnate an rgan, dctrs might nt have been able t____33____the disease in time.
Jdy annunced the frtunate save n Facebk, “ Sner r later, if yu take actins based n ‘gdness’ and in the best____34____f thers, it cmes full circle back,” he said. “It was a____35____that I dnated my kidney. I gt a bnus gift and saved my wn life!”
21. A. terribleB. familiarC. cnfusedD. distracted
22. A. recveringB. mvingC. restingD. dying
23. A. cryingB. exercisingC. kiddingD. testing
24. A. differentB. ppularC. lwD. healthy
25. A. sharedB. imprvedC. vluntaryD. glbal
26. A. balanceB. saveC. shapeD. cntinue
27. A. nrmallyB. exactlyC. pssiblyD. especially
28. A. went aheadB. put upC. gt awayD. came up
29. A. plainB. relevantC. disturbingD. bservable
30. A. ClearlyB. CertainlyC. LuckilyD. Hpefully
31. A. accessibleB. visibleC. undamagedD. undetected
32. A. decisinB. abilityC. permissinD. ptential
33. A. understandB. treatC. catchD. spread
34. A. experienceB. interestC. effrtD. perfrmance
35. A. challengeB. reliefC. successD. blessing
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答卷的相应位置上。
Abut 800 meters abve sea level and next t the picturesque Taiping Lake, Hukeng in Huangshan, a village _____36_____ (lcate) in the suth f Anhui prvince, seems t be blessed by nature and is hme t the handmade tea variety Taiping Kwkui.
Every spring _____37_____ fggy days misten the emerald hillsides, villagers knw their harvest will cme. “_____38_____ any f three key factrs—prper lcatin, plant variety, r prcessing technique—the perfect Kwkui will nt be brn,” Fang Jifan, the fifth-generatin tea farmer says. “It’s _____39_____ signature f ur hme.”
Kwkui’s _____40_____ (exceptinal) large leaves ften lead t its _____41_____ (mistake) fr “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” f green tea in Fang’s eyes beats ther _____42_____ (variety) at mre than just size. “Its fragrance and flavr als stand ut, thanks t the time- cnsuming wrk t prcess them.” Fang says.
Last Nvember, traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China _____43_____ (add) t the UNESCO Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. “The tea culture nt nly reflects a refined taste in life, it als shws the beauty f craftsmanship _____44_____ peple’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head f Anhui Tea Culture Research Sciety. “Fr centuries, the scent f tea leaves _____45_____ (ffer) nutritin t this land. This intangible cultural heritage f tea prcessing techniques is deeply rted in peple’s everyday life.”
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是新华中学的李华，你校拟申请承办英国文化协会(British Cuncil)主办的“中英校园文化交流论坛”(China-UK Campus Culture Frum 简称 CUCF)。请你用英语为学校写一封承办申请信，内容如下：
1.写信目的;
2.学校优势;
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The teacher had just annunced that she was ging t give a small gift t the by r girl wh answered the mst questins crrectly in the tests they were ging t have that day. What it was, she wuldn’t say, except that it was very nice, very pretty, and very tasty.
Of curse that last wrd set everybdy’s muth watering.
“Smething tasty!” said Tada. “I culd use that right nw.”
“And s culd I,” said Enrica, whse mther had been s busy that mrning lking after her tw little sisters and her baby brther that she had frgtten t make her lunch.
Then the tests began, and hw everyne wrked! When the teacher asked the questins alud, hands flashed up all ver the rm and waved abut like trees in a high wind. When the answers had t be written, there was an unusual silence. It was lts f fun, and everyne had high hpes f winning the prize.
Slwly the hurs dragged by, and pr Enrica gt hungrier and hungrier every minute, imagining what she wuld d with the prize if she wn.
At last the tests were all ver, the answers all checked, and the final grades all ttaled up.
“Nw,” said the teacher, “I’m ready t tell yu the winner f the prize - Enrica, beating Renee by just ne pint.”
At this mment the teacher pened her desk and tk ut a big chclate egg, tied with a piece f wide blue ribbn (丝带).
“Hw lvely!” cried everybdy.
“Nw just a mment,” said the teacher. “I have a secnd prize. It’ s in this bx.”
Everyne lked and saw fur little chclate eggs. They lked gd, t, but nt as attractive as the big ne in the blue ribbn.
Enrica came frward t receive her prize. She had lked at bth prizes and was thinking hard.
“Please,” she stammered (结结巴巴地说), “wuld - wuld yu mind if I had the secnd prize instead?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The teacher was s surprised that she hardly knew what t say
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Enrica just ran hme with the secnd prize bx fr her sisters and brther.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2023-2024学年第二学期期末三校联考
高二英语
满分120分 考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，每小题2.5，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Linda Hall Library is pen t the public free f charge during regular library hurs. There is n charge fr getting a library card. Patrns can request and use materials in the library, prvided the items are in gd physical cnditin.
 T sign up fr a brrwing accunt, yu must be a resident f the Kansas City area. Yu have t prvide a current state r federal pht ID with a KC area street address.
 A pht ID plus utility bill in yur name is needed if the current address differs frm that n the ID.
 Patrns must shw their LHL library card r a pht ID at the time f check-ut.
Wh Can Brrw:
 Individuals living within the Kansas City area as defined belw:
Missuri — Bates, Caldwell, Cass, Clay, Clintn, Jacksn, Jhnsn, Iafayette, Platte, Ray
Kansas —Duglas, Franklin, Jhnsn, Leavenwrth, L.inn, Miami, Wyandtte
 Established businesses within the KC area. Cntact Reference Services at 8169268701 r reference@lindahall.rg fr mre infrmatin abut authrized brrwing fr businesses, r fill ut ur web applicatin.
 Students, faculty, and staff participating in Curtesy Card institutins. Cntact fr mre infrmatin abut the Curtesy Card Prgram.
If yu wish t brrw frm the Linda Hall Library but d nt meet the abve criteria, please cntact yur lcal library and request t brrw thrugh interlibrary lan frm Dcument Delivery Services.
Fr mre infrmatin n hw t request library materials, please see this guide n Making Requests in Prim. Yu may wish t register t attend an in-persn “Navigating Linda Hall Library” sessin.
1. What is a must fr brrwing materials frm the library?
A. A currently taken pht.B. A brrwing accunt.
C. A guarantee depsit.D. An authrized applicatin.
2. Which f the fllwing persns can brrw materials frm the library?
A. A student studying in a cllege.
B. An individual living in Washingtn.
C. A persn wrking a cmpany in the KC area.
D. A persn wrking fr Curtesy Card Prgram.
3. What shuld yu d if yu dn’t meet the criteria fr the library?
A. Fill ut an applicatin nline.
B. Turn t yur lcal library fr help.
C. Fllw the fficial guidance.
D. Brrw sme materials nline.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了琳达·霍尔图书馆办理免费借阅证的条件，以及具体措施。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“T sign up fr a brrwing accunt, yu must be a resident f the Kansas City area. Yu have t prvide a current state r federal pht ID with a KC area street address. (要注册一个借阅账户，你必须是堪萨斯城地区的居民。您必须提供带有 KC地区街道地址的当前州或联邦带照片的身份证件。)”以及“Patrns must shw their LHL library card r a pht ID at the time f check-ut.(读者在图书馆把书借出时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。)”可知，从图书馆借阅资料必须有借阅账户，借阅资料时必须出示LHL借书证或带照片的身份证件。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Wh Can Brrw:”下文中的“Established businesses within the KC area.(在KC内所建立的企业)”可知，在KC地区的公司工作的人可以从图书馆借书。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“If yu wish t brrw frm the Linda Hall Library but d nt meet the abve criteria, please cntact yur lcal library and request t brrw thrugh interlibrary lan frm Dcument Delivery Services.(如果您想从琳达·霍尔图书馆借阅但不符合上述标准，请联系您当地图书馆，并请求通过馆际互借从‘文献传递服务’借阅。)”可知，如果你不符合图书馆的标准，你可以向你当地的图书馆寻求帮助，通过“文献传递服务”申请馆际互借。故选B。
B
Even nw, I have vivid memries f my last day f high schl. In my mind’s eye, I’m cleaning ut my lcker, and then staring at the emptiness fr a few extra beats befre slamming it shut fr the last time. I’m wandering arund the halls with my best friend, blissfully ignring the bells ging ff every 50 minutes n schedule because, just tday, we’re allwed t break the rules. I’m sitting n my desk, swinging my feet, and shting the breeze (闲聊) with my English teacher, Mr. Carr, in a way that makes me feel almst grwn up.
It was maybe my favrite day f the whle year. Like the final layer f waterclr, the freedm and lightness I feel seeps (渗透) int the rest f my memries f that day and turns them just a shade rsier.
If the schl year hasn’t yet ended fr yu, cnsider what yu can d t make the finale cunt. Why? Because when it cmes t human memry, nt all mments are created equal. Instead, ur remembered experiences are disprprtinately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best mments as well as the wrst) and endings (the last mments). Nbel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, wh discvered this phenmenn, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that ur judgment f a past experience is largely based n its mst extreme pint and its endpint.
I tk advantage f the peak-end rule years ag, when my girls were yung enugh t want a bedtime stry each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had ccurred that day, I culd make the last mments cunt. I culd end n a nte f calm and act like the patient mm I hadn’t quite managed t be just hurs befre.
Dn’t mistake all mments as equal insignificance. There’s a reasn why yga classes end with savasana (挺卧式). There’s a reasn we eat dessert last. D rganize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks cach Pete Carrll might say: Finish strng. Last impressins are especially lasting.
4 What can the authr suggest ding t make the end f a schl year memrable?
A. Planning a special event fr the last day.
B. Reflecting n the entire academic year.
C. Ignring schl regulatins.
D. Fcusing n the final exam.
5. Which statement is true abut the peak-end rule?
A. The last mments matter the mst in ur memries.
B. Peaks in life can be remembered better than endings.
C. The peaks and ends f experiences are easier t remember.
D. Our judgment f the past is determined by first impressins.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. What struggles the authr had in life.
B. Hw the authr treated her daughters.
C. Why the authr read stries t her kids.
D. Hw the authr applied the rule t daily life.
7. Why is Pete Carrll mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T shw the imprtance f ding sprts.
B. T explain why last impressins are lasting.
C. T prve the peak-end rule can be used in sprts.
D. T encurage readers t value the last mments f an experience.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己高中最后一天的鲜活记忆和坚持给女儿讲睡前故事的经历讲述了“峰终定律”，它表明我们对一段经历的判断很大程度上取决于这段经历的巅峰和结尾，并建议人们珍惜结尾。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the schl year hasn’t yet ended fr yu, cnsider what yu can d t make the finale cunt. Why? Because when it cmes t human memry, nt all mments are created equal. Instead, ur remembered experiences are disprprtinately (不成比例地) influenced by peaks (the best mments as well as the wrst) and endings (the last mments).(如果你的学年还没有结束，考虑一下你能做些什么来让结尾有意义。为什么？因为当涉及到人类记忆时，并不是所有的时刻都是平等的。相反，我们记忆中的经历不成比例地受到高峰（最好的时刻和最坏的时刻）和结局（最后的时刻）的影响。)”可知，人类对一段经历的高峰（最好的时刻和最坏的时刻）和结尾记忆最深，所以作者建议提前考虑学年的结尾方式，从而让它变得有意义。由此可推测出，作者建议为学年最后一天策划一个特殊的活动。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nbel Prize winner Danny Kahneman, wh discvered this phenmenn, called this the peak-end rule. It suggests that ur judgment f a past experience is largely based n its mst extreme pint and its endpint.(诺贝尔奖获得者丹尼·卡尼曼发现了这一现象，称之为“峰终定律”。这表明，我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于其最极端的点和终点。)”可知，峰终定律表明，我们对过去经历的判断很大程度上是基于其最极端的点和终点，由此可推断出，一段经历的巅峰和结尾是最容易被记住的。故选C。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“I tk advantage f the peak-end rule years ag, when my girls were yung enugh t want a bedtime stry each night. I remember thinking that whatever disagreement and stress had ccurred that day, I culd make the last mments cunt. I culd end n a nte f calm and act like the patient mm I hadn’t quite managed t be just hurs befre.(几年前，当我的女儿们还很小，每天晚上都想讲一个睡前故事时，我就利用了这条峰终定律。我记得当时我在想，无论那天发生了什么分歧和压力，我都能让最后的时刻有意义。我可以平静地结束，表现得像一个几个小时前我还没能做到的耐心妈妈。)”可知，本段主要讲述了作者在生活中运用峰终定律，为女儿们读睡前故事，当一个耐心的妈妈，让每一天的最后时刻变得有意义。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“D rganize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks cach Pete Carrll might say: Finish strng. Last impressins are especially lasting.(一定要仔细安排结局。正如西雅图海鹰队教练皮特·卡罗尔可能会说的那样：强势完成比赛。最后的印象尤其持久。)”可知，作者在最后建议读者要仔细安排结尾，并引用皮特·卡罗尔的话“强势完成比赛”来说明最后的印象会非常持久，强调结尾的重要性，由此可推测出，作者提到皮特·卡罗尔是为了鼓励读者重视一段经历的最后时刻。故选D。
C
Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a big decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice, and it is certainly pssible t verthink things. But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins. Psychlgists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the errr is making a call based n the least f evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a prfessr at the University f Illinis, and David Dunning, a prfessr at the University f Michigan, has fund that hasty judgments are ften just ne part f larger errr-prne patterns in behavir and thinking. These patterns have csts. Peple wh tend t make such jumps in their reasning ften chse a bet in which they have lw chances f winning instead f ne where their chances are much better.
T study jumping, researchers did an experiment t examine decisin-making patterns amng 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. They applied a thinking game, in which players encuntered smene wh was fishing frm ne f tw lakes: in ne lake, mst f the fish were red; in the ther, mst were gray. The fisher wuld catch ne fish at a time and stp nly when players thught they culd say which lake was being fished. Sme players had t see many fish befre making a decisin. Others—the jumpers—stpped after nly ne r tw. Participants were als asked questins t learn mre abut their thught patterns. It was fund that the fewer fish a player waited t see, the mre errrs that individual made in ther types f beliefs, reasning and decisins.
S what is behind jumping? Researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic, knwn as system l, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt; and cntrlled, r system 2, cnsisting f effrtful reasning that is analytic, mindful and intentinal. It was fund that jumpers and nn-jumpers were equally influenced by autmatic thughts. The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps peple cunterbalance mental biases intrduced by system 1. A lack f system 2 thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur heart is a frequent and imprtant ne. Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake. Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
8. What is the main idea f the first tw paragraphs?
A. Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B. Evidence is a necessity fr judgments.
C. Jumping results frm a wish t win a bet.
D. Jumpers have a tendency t a mental mistake.
9. What can we learn frm the experiment?
A. Jumpers caught mre fish than nn-jumpers.
B. Nn-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C. Nn-jumpers tended t see mre fish befre naming the lake.
D. Peple wh saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasning.
10. Accrding t the passage, in which situatin is system 2 engaged mre?
A. After cmparing different brands and mdels, David purchased a car.
B. On hearing that the Apll mn landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C. Seeing the dirty windws f a restaurant, Mary decided its fd was bad.
D. When picking a dctr, Jim merely accepted the recmmendatin frm a friend.
11. What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. T reflect n ur thught patterns regularly.
B. T think twice befre we make ur decisins.
C. T realize the cnsequences f faulty reasning.
D. T adpt tw pathways f thught befre acting.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者讲述了很多人做决定前会考虑，并对其进行了说明。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In this case, the errr is making a call based n the least f evidence.( 在这种情况下，错误是基于最少的证据做出判断。)”和文章第二段“A research …has fund that hasty judgments are ften just ne part f larger errr-prne patterns in behavir and thinking. These patterns have csts. Peple wh tend t make such jumps in their reasning ften chse a bet in which they have lw chances f winning instead f ne where their chances are much better.(伊利诺伊大学(University f Illinis)教授卡门·桑切斯(Carmen Sanchez)和密歇根大学(University f Michigan)教授戴维·邓宁(David Dunning)的一项研究发现，草率的判断往往只是行为和思维中容易出错的更大模式的一部分。这些模式有成本。那些倾向于在推理中做出这种跳跃的人通常会选择胜算不大的赌注，而不是胜算大得多的赌注。)”可知，文章前两段主要讲述了思维跳跃者往往会犯心理错误。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The fisher wuld catch ne fish at a time and stp nly when players thught they culd say which lake was being fished. Sme players had t see many fish befre making a decisin. Others—the jumpers—stpped after nly ne r tw.( 渔民一次只能捕到一条鱼，只有当玩家认为他们能够说出在哪个湖钓鱼时才会停下来。有些玩家在做出决定前必须看到许多鱼。其他人——思维跳跃者——只跳了一两次就停止了。)”可知，非跳跃思维者在给湖命名前倾向于看到更多的鱼。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“and cntrlled, r system 2, cnsisting f effrtful reasning that is analytic, mindful and intentinal. It was fund that jumpers and nn-jumpers were equally influenced by autmatic thughts. The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps peple cunterbalance mental biases intrduced by system 1. A lack f system 2 thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.( 受控的，或系统2，由分析的，有意识的和有意的努力推理组成。研究发现，跳跃者和非跳跃者受到自动思维的影响是一样的。然而，跳跃者并没有像非跳跃者那样进行控制推理。正是第二系统的思维方式帮助人们对抗由第一系统引入的心理偏见。第二系统思维的缺乏也与他们有问题的信念和错误的推理有更广泛的联系。)”可知，在比较了不同的品牌和车型后，大卫购买了一辆汽车，符合系统2。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur heart is a frequent and imprtant ne. Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake. Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.( 在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是应该用心去做，这是一个频繁而重要的问题。最近的研究表明，即使再多收集一点证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误。有时候，我们做出的最重要的决定可能是在做出选择之前多花些时间。)”可知，作者想要告诉我们在行动之前应该三思而后行。故选B。
D
In tday’s digital era, scial media users are increasingly cming acrss fake news nline. This leads t the pressing issue: What causes peple t fall fr misinfrmatin n the Internet?
Accrding t researchers at the Penn State Cllege f Infrmatin Sciences and Technlgy, users can easily fall int an ech chamber (回声室)—a srt f virtual space where users cnsume nly ne-sided news, eventually distrusting any ppsing views. “We all tend t agree with the grup pinin. Hence, peple naturally get tgether with thers wh hld the same pinin,” said Dngwn Lee, ne f the researchers. “But if yu’re nt cautius, there is a high risk f falling int an ech chamber.”
T prevent this phenmenn, the researchers have crafted a nvel tl, a game named ChamberBreaker, t help players resist ech chambers and reduce the rate f fake news spread. The fundamental apprach emplyed by ChamberBreaker centers arund a decisin-making prcedure that mirrrs the creatin f ech chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying t have cmmunity members fall int an ech chamber. T begin, the player is randmly assigned a situatin that fcuses n a health, plitical r envirnmental issue, and is presented with six pieces f news n that tpic. Then, the player selects news that culd cause the ther members t fall int an ech chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. If successful, the cmmunity members will fall int an ech chamber and the player will witness the resulting negative effects n the cmmunity.
After develping ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with ver 800 subjects t see if it raised awareness f ech chambers and changed news cnsumptin behavirs. The researchers fund that thse wh played ChamberBreaker were significantly mre likely t state their intentin t bserve nline infrmatin frm mre diverse perspectives and shwed an increased awareness f the ech chamber phenmenn.
Ultimately, the researchers hpe that their methdlgy can excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study related t infrmatin cnsumptin. The applicatin f tls like ChamberBreaker, which fcuses n fstering analytical reasning, may lead us twards a mre infrmed nline cmmunity.
12. What can be learned abut an nline ech chamber?
A. It encurages well-judged views.
B. It gathers like-minded individuals.
C. It functins as a virtual reality platfrm.
D. It serves as a tl fr identifying fake infrmatin.
13. What is ChamberBreaker’s cre methd against ech chambers?
A. Assignment f situatins.B. Trust-building exercises.
C. News selectin strategy.D. Cmmunity impact assessment.
14. Which f the fllwing can shw ChamberBreaker’s effectiveness?
A. The results f scientific testing.
B. The theretical framewrk f the game.
C. The descriptin f the game prcedures.
D. The cmmn challenges faced during gameplay.
15 What is the likely lng-term effect f playing ChamberBreaker?
A. Reducing news inquiry.B. Encuraging passive reading.
C. Strengthening prejudiced views.D. Enhancing critical thinking.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了在数字时代，社交媒体用户为什么容易陷入假新闻的陷阱，以及如何通过一款名为ChamberBreaker的游戏工具来识别和抵制网络上的回声室效应。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘We all tend t agree with the grup pinin. Hence, peple naturally get tgether with thers wh hld the same pinin,’ said Dngwn Lee, ne f the researchers. (‘我们都倾向于认同群体观点。因此，人们自然会与持相同观点的人聚在一起，’研究人员之一 Dngwn Lee说。)”可知，在线回声室会聚集持有相同观点的个体。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The fundamental apprach emplyed by ChamberBreaker centers arund a decisin-making prcedure that mirrrs the creatin f ech chambers. In ChamberBreaker, a player is tasked with trying t have cmmunity members fall int an ech chamber. T begin, the player is randmly assigned a situatin that fcuses n a health, plitical r envirnmental issue, and is presented with six pieces f news n that tpic. Then, the player selects news that culd cause the ther members t fall int an ech chamber while at the same time maintaining their trust. (ChamberBreaker采用的基本方法围绕着反映回声室创建的决策程序。在ChamberBreaker中，一名玩家的任务是试图让社区成员落入回音室。首先，玩家被随机分配一个关注健康、政治或环境问题的情况，并收到六条关于该主题的新闻。然后，玩家选择可能导致其他成员落入回音室的新闻，同时保持他们的信任。)”可知，ChamberBreaker对付回声室的核心方法是新闻选择策略。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“After develping ChamberBreaker, researchers tested it with ver 800 subjects t see if it raised awareness f ech chambers and changed news cnsumptin behavirs. The researchers fund that thse wh played ChamberBreaker were significantly mre likely t state their intentin t bserve nline infrmatin frm mre diverse perspectives and shwed an increased awareness f the ech chamber phenmenn. (在开发出ChamberBreaker之后，研究人员对800多名受试者进行了测试，看看它是否提高了人们对回声室的认识，并改变了新闻消费行为。研究人员发现，玩ChamberBreaker的人更有可能从更多不同的角度观察网络信息，并且对回音室现象的意识也更强。)”可知，科学测试的结果可以显示ChamberBreaker的有效性。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the researchers hpe that their methdlgy can excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study related t infrmatin cnsumptin. The applicatin f tls like ChamberBreaker, which fcuses n fstering analytical reasning, may lead us twards a mre infrmed nline cmmunity. (最终，研究人员希望他们的方法能够激发人们对与信息消费相关的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。像ChamberBreaker这样专注于培养分析推理能力的工具的应用，可能会引导我们走向一个信息更灵通的在线社区。)”可知，这意味着玩Chamber Breaker的长期效应可能是增强批判性思维。故选D项。
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选中填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。
Hw clur psychlgy influences yur dinner party guests
After spending hurs cking and preparing the table setting fr yur guests, yu hpe that everyne enjys yur recipes. But it’s nt all abut the quality f the ingredients and the skills f the ck. ____16____Whether it is a plate, a glass, a bwl r a cup, clur makes a significant impact n yur guests.
___17___After that first impressin, the brain integrates the visual infrmatin and affects perceptin(认知), making yu think that the same fd is excellent, gd r average. Thus, the gal fr dinner parties is t ensure that the fd lks pleasing t the eye, s yur guests will think it tastes as gd as it lks.
Bwl clur influences the desirability f fd fr picky eaters, as well as the perceptin f saltiness. Picky eaters tend t perceive meals in red and blue bwls as saltier cmpared t white. And they are mre unwilling t try new fd in a red bwl. ___18___
Yu can never g wrng with a white plate. Just avid it when the fd served is pale. Fr desserts, white is ideal because it increases flavrs and enhances sweetness. ____19____ Serving fd in a black bwl can increase perceptins f its saltiness and prtin size.
T bring extra aesthetic(审美的)appeal, creativity and t highlight fds lacking in clur, yu can serve yur meal n bright plates. But be careful! ____20____Similar ingredient clrs t the tableware make everything integrate tgether and yur guests think they have less fd.
A. It starts with yur sight.
B. But the result f dark plates can vary a little.
C. Hwever, the rules f clur may nt apply t all.
D. Besides, clurful plates are preferred by chsy eaters.
E. Fd shuld nly lk mre vivid depending n the meal.
F. The tableware is als an essential element, especially the clur.
G. S, fr demanding guests, chse the clur f the tableware first.
【答案】16. F 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是色彩心理如何影响宴会客人。
【16题详解】
上文“But it’s nt all abut the quality f the ingredients and the skills f the ck.(但这并不完全取决于食材的质量和厨师的技巧。)”和下文“Whether it is a plate, a glass, a bwl r a cup, clur makes a significant impact n yur guests.(无论是盘子、玻璃杯、碗还是杯子，颜色都会对你的客人产生重大影响。)”说明除了菜肴的质量，餐具的颜色也会对客人产生影响。选项F“餐具也是必不可少的元素，尤其是颜色。”起到过渡作用，承上启下。故选F项。
17题详解】
下文“After that first impressin, the brain integrates the visual infrmatin and affects perceptin(认知), making yu think that the same fd is excellent, gd r average.(在第一印象之后，大脑整合视觉信息并影响感知，使你认为同样的食物是极好的、不错的或一般的。)”说明在第一印象之后，大脑整合视觉信息并影响感知，此处应为与对食物的第一印象相关的句子，选项A“它从你的视力开始。”引起下文，对食物的第一印象从视力开始，在第一印象之后，大脑整合视觉信息并影响感知。故选A项。
【18题详解】
上文“Picky eaters tend t perceive meals in red and blue bwls as saltier cmpared t white. And they are mre unwilling t try new fd in a red bwl.(挑剔的食客往往认为红色和蓝色碗里的食物比白色碗里的更咸。他们更不愿意尝试红碗里的新食物。)”说明针对挑剔的客人要挑选好餐具的颜色，选项G“因此，对于要求苛刻的客人，请先选择餐具的颜色。”承接上文，是对上文的总结。故选G项。
【19题详解】
上文“Fr desserts, white is ideal because it increases flavrs and enhances sweetness.(对于甜点来说，白色是理想的，因为它能增加味道和甜味。)”与下文“Serving fd in a black bwl can increase perceptins f its saltiness and prtin size.(用黑色碗盛食物可以增加人们对其咸味和份量的感知。)”存在转折的关系，空处应用表示转折的逻辑关系，选项B“但暗色的盘子结果可能会有所不同。”表示转折关系，承上启下。故选B项。
【20题详解】
上文“T bring extra aesthetic(审美的)appeal, creativity and t highlight fds lacking in clur, yu can serve yur meal n bright plates. But be careful!(为了带来额外的审美吸引力、创造力和突出缺乏颜色的食物，你可以用明亮的盘子上菜。但是要小心!)”说明用明亮的盘子上菜，可以带来审美吸引力和创造力并突出缺乏颜色的食物，但是要小心，下文与上文构成转折关系，明确要小心的内容。选项E“食物只能取决于食物的不同看起来更生动。”承接上文，说明了要小心的内容，同时引出下文“Similar ingredient clrs t the tableware make everything integrate tgether and yur guests think they have less fd.(与餐具相似的食材颜色使所有东西都融合在一起，你的客人会认为他们的食物更少。)”进一步解释说明要小心的内容。故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识运用 (共25小题，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Jdy, a high schl wrestling cach sprang int actin after hearing that his lngtime friend Ray needed a kidney (肾).
“Last year Ray gave me a call and he sunded____21____. I asked him if he was kay. He stpped fr a mment and said, ‘I’m____22____ ,’” Jdy explained.
Withut thinking twice, Jdy began____23____.Unfrtunately, he fund ut he wuldn’t be a kidney match fr Ray, wh was running ut f time because f hw____24____he was n the dnr list.
“I quickly realized thrugh the____25____dnr prgram at LV Hspital, I culd actually dnate t the kidney bank,____26____anther persn’s life wh I dn’t knw, and Ray wuld mve up n the kidney dnr recipient (受方) list,” said Jdy.
And that’s____27____what he did. With the supprt f his family, Jdy gt the green light and____28____with the surgery.
Fllwing the surgery, Jdy’s dctr tld him the____29____fact: “We fund cancer in yu.” ____30____, Jdy was in the early stages f a type f cancer that usually ges____31____ until it’s t late. If nt fr his____32____t dnate an rgan, dctrs might nt have been able t____33____the disease in time.
Jdy annunced the frtunate save n Facebk, “ Sner r later, if yu take actins based n ‘gdness’ and in the best____34____f thers, it cmes full circle back,” he said. “It was a____35____that I dnated my kidney. I gt a bnus gift and saved my wn life!”
21. A. terribleB. familiarC. cnfusedD. distracted
22. A. recveringB. mvingC. restingD. dying
23. A. cryingB. exercisingC. kiddingD. testing
24. A. differentB. ppularC. lwD. healthy
25. A. sharedB. imprvedC. vluntaryD. glbal
26. A. balanceB. saveC. shapeD. cntinue
27. A. nrmallyB. exactlyC. pssiblyD. especially
28. A. went aheadB. put upC. gt awayD. came up
29. A. plainB. relevantC. disturbingD. bservable
30. A. ClearlyB. CertainlyC. LuckilyD. Hpefully
31. A. accessibleB. visibleC. undamagedD. undetected
32. A. decisinB. abilityC. permissinD. ptential
33. A. understandB. treatC. catchD. spread
34. A. experienceB. interestC. effrtD. perfrmance
35. A. challengeB. reliefC. successD. blessing
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是高中摔跤教练Jdy听到好朋友Ray需要肾脏后，无私地捐献肾脏却发现自己的身体出现了癌症，但及时发现并治疗，最终被认为是一个非常幸运的事情。他呼吁人们多做善事，好事会得到回报。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年Ray给我打了个电话，听起来很糟糕。A. terrible糟糕的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. cnfused困惑的；D. distracted分心的。根据后文“I asked him if he was kay.”可知，因为Jdy询问朋友Ray是否安好，由此表明Ray听起来很糟糕。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我快要死了。A. recvering恢复；B. mving移动；C. resting休息；D. dying死亡。根据前文“Ray needed a kidney(肾).”可知，Ray需要一颗肾脏，故Ray觉得自己快要死了。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jdy不假思索地开始了测试。A. crying哭；B. exercising锻炼；C. kidding开玩笑；D. testing测试。根据后文“Unfrtunately, he fund ut he wuldn’t be a kidney match fr Ray”可知，Jdy听到朋友Ray需要肾脏，于是不假思索的去进行测试，结果得知自己的和Ray的不匹配。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他发现自己不是Ray的肾脏配型，Ray因为在捐赠者名单上位次低而时间不多了。A. different不同的；B. ppular流行的；C. lw低的；D. healthy健康的。根据前文“wh was running ut f time”可知，Ray所剩时间不多，是因为他在捐赠者的名单上位置太靠后，还轮不到Ray被捐赠肾脏。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很快意识到，通过LV医院的自愿捐赠计划，我可以向肾脏银行捐赠，拯救另一个我不认识的人的生命，而Ray将在肾脏捐赠接受者名单上排名靠前。A. shared共享的；B. imprved改善的；C. vluntary自愿的；D. glbal全球的。根据后文“I culd actually dnate t the kidney bank”可知，Jdy通过的是自愿捐赠肾脏的方式，故参加的是LV医院的自愿捐赠计划。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. balance平衡；B. save挽救；C. shape塑造；D. cntinue继续。根据“anther persn’s life”可知，Jdy通过自愿捐赠肾脏的方式来拯救其他人的生命。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他就是这么做的。A. nrmally通常；B. exactly精确地，正是如此；C. pssibly可能；D. especially特别地。根据后文“Jdy gt the green light and ____8____ with the surgery.”可知，Jdy也恰恰就是这么做的即通过自愿捐赠肾脏的方式来拯救其他人的生命。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Jdy得到了批准，进行了手术。A. went ahead进行；B. put up建造；C. gt away逃脱；D. came up 出现。根据前文“Jdy gt the green light”可知，Jdy得到了允许，开始进行了手术即自愿捐赠肾脏。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：手术后，Jdy的医生告诉他一个令人不安的事实：“我们在你身上发现了癌症。”A. plain简单的；B. relevant相关的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. bservable可观察到的。根据“We fund cancer in yu”可知，医生在给Jdy手术的过程中发现了他有癌症，这是令人不安的事实。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，Jdy的癌症处于早期阶段，这种类型的癌症通常直到晚期都不会被发现。A. Clearly明显地；B. Certainly当然；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Hpefully希望。根据“in the early stages”可知，幸运的是，Jdy的癌症处于早期阶段。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. accessible可接近的；B. visible可见的；C. undamaged未受损的；D. undetected未被发现的。根据后文“until it’s t late”可知，通常来说，这种类型的癌症通常直到晚期都不会被发现。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是他决定捐献器官，医生们可能无法及时治疗这种疾病。A. decisin决定；B. ability能力；C. permissin许可；D. ptential潜力。根据前文“I culd actually dnate t the kidney bank”可知，Jdy做出捐赠肾脏的决定。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是他决定捐献器官，医生们可能无法及时治疗这种疾病。A. understand理解；B. treat治疗；C. catch捉住；D. spread传播。根据后文“the disease in time”可知，就是在Jdy捐赠肾脏的手术过程中，医生们发现了他的癌症，由此进行了及时地治疗。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：迟早会发生的是，如果你根据“善良”和他人的最大利益采取行动，它会以圆满的方式回报回来。A. experience经验；B. interest兴趣，利益；C. effrt努力；D. perfrmance表演。根据前文的“gdness”可知，设空处与其构成并列即如果根据“善良”和他人的最大利益采取行动，最终它会以圆满的方式回报你。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我捐献了我的肾，这是一件幸事。A. challenge挑战；B. relief解脱；C. success成功；D. blessing幸事。根据后文“I gt a bnus gift and saved my wn life”可知，对于Jdy捐肾来说这件事是一件幸事，因为正是因为捐肾才让他的癌症得以及时救治，挽救了他的生命。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答卷的相应位置上。
Abut 800 meters abve sea level and next t the picturesque Taiping Lake, Hukeng in Huangshan, a village _____36_____ (lcate) in the suth f Anhui prvince, seems t be blessed by nature and is hme t the handmade tea variety Taiping Kwkui.
Every spring _____37_____ fggy days misten the emerald hillsides, villagers knw their harvest will cme. “_____38_____ any f three key factrs—prper lcatin, plant variety, r prcessing technique—the perfect Kwkui will nt be brn,” Fang Jifan, the fifth-generatin tea farmer says. “It’s _____39_____ signature f ur hme.”
Kwkui’s _____40_____ (exceptinal) large leaves ften lead t its _____41_____ (mistake) fr “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” f green tea in Fang’s eyes beats ther _____42_____ (variety) at mre than just size. “Its fragrance and flavr als stand ut, thanks t the time- cnsuming wrk t prcess them.” Fang says.
Last Nvember, traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China _____43_____ (add) t the UNESCO Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. “The tea culture nt nly reflects a refined taste in life, it als shws the beauty f craftsmanship _____44_____ peple’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head f Anhui Tea Culture Research Sciety. “Fr centuries, the scent f tea leaves _____45_____ (ffer) nutritin t this land. This intangible cultural heritage f tea prcessing techniques is deeply rted in peple’s everyday life.”
【答案】36. lcated
37. when 38. Withut
39. a 40. exceptinally
41. being mistaken
42. varieties
43. were added
44. and 45. has ffered##has been ffering
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国安徽省黄山地区猴魁茶的特色、制作技艺及其所蕴含的文化遗产价值。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：位于安徽省南部的黄山市太平湖畔，海拔约800米的猴坑，似乎得到了大自然的恩赐，是手工茶叶品种太平猴魁的产地。本句谓语为seems，此处为非谓语动词，且village与lcate“把……安置在（或建造于）”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，修饰名词village。故填lcated。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：每年春天，雾蒙蒙的日子滋润着翠绿的山坡，村民们都知道他们的收成会到来。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Every spring，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：第五代茶农方继凡表示：“如果没有适当的地理位置、植物品种或加工技术这三个关键因素，就无法制作出完美的猴魁茶”。根据下文“any f three key factrs —prper lcatin, plant variety, r prcessing technique—the perfect Kwkui will nt be brn (适当的地理位置、植物品种或加工技术这三个关键因素，就无法制作出完美的猴魁茶)”可知，此处上下文说的是适当的位置、植物品种和加工技术是制作完美猴魁茶的必要因素，如果没有这些关键因素中的任何一个，就无法制作出理想的猴魁茶，可推理出空白处应用介词withut表示“没有”。故填Withut。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这是我们家的一个标志。此处泛指“一个标志”，且signature以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：猴魁茶叶子异常大，常常让初次见到它的人误以为它是“蔬菜”，但在方继凡的眼中，这种绿茶中的“王者”不仅仅在大小上胜过其他品种。空处使用副词exceptinally“特别，非常”，修饰形容词large，作状语。故填exceptinally。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：猴魁茶叶子异常大，常常让初次见到它的人误以为它是“蔬菜”，但在方继凡的眼中，这种绿茶中的“王者”不仅仅在大小上胜过其他品种。lead t“导致”，其中t为介词。本句谓语为lead t，此处为非谓语动词，且mistake和逻辑主语Kwkui’s leaves为被动关系，所以用过去分词，此处使用动名词的被动式，作t的宾语。故填being mistaken。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：猴魁茶叶子异常大，常常让初次见到它的人误以为它是“蔬菜”，但在方继凡的眼中，这种绿茶中的“王者”不仅仅在大小上胜过其他品种。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据空白处前面的形容词ther可知，空处应填名词variety“不同种类”的复数形式，故填varieties。
【43题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：去年11月，中国的传统茶叶加工技术和相关社会实践被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。根据时间状语Last Nvember可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，空处在句子中作谓语，且add“添加”与主语traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China之间为被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices为复数，助动词用were。故填were added。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：安徽省茶文化研究会副会长郑毅表示：“茶文化不仅反映了生活中的高雅品味，还展示了工艺之美和人们的创造力”。“the beauty f craftsmanship (工艺之美)”与“peple’s creativity (人们的创造力)”为并列关系，使用连词and连接。故填and。
【45题详解】
考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，茶叶的香味为这片土地提供了营养。空处在句子中作谓语，根据句意和句中“Fr centuries”可知，ffer“提供”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语the scent f tea leaves 是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。也可以理解为ffer这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子应用现在完成进行时have/has been ding，又因主语是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has ffered/has been ffering。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是新华中学李华，你校拟申请承办英国文化协会(British Cuncil)主办的“中英校园文化交流论坛”(China-UK Campus Culture Frum 简称 CUCF)。请你用英语为学校写一封承办申请信，内容如下：
1.写信目的;
2.学校优势;
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Sir/Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs faithfully,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir r Madam,
On behalf f my schl, I am writing t express ur strng interest in hsting CUCF rganized by the British Cuncil.
Firstly, Xinhua Middle Schl has a lng-standing reputatin fr prmting cultural exchange and fstering internatinal understanding. Our dedicated faculty members and talented students have extensive experience in rganizing varius cultural events. Additinally, we have state-f-the-art facilities, including multimedia lecture halls and a well-equipped auditrium, which prvide an ideal envirnment fr hsting such a prestigius frum.
We are cnfident in ur ability t rganize a successful event. We sincerely hpe that ur applicatin is cnsidered favrably. Thank yu fr yur time and cnsideratin.
Yurs faithfully,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学校写一封申请信，申请承办“中英校园文化交流论坛”。
【详解】1.词汇积累
促进：fster→bst
有天赋的：talented→gifted
此外：additinally → what’s mre
各种各样的：varius→ diverse
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Our dedicated faculty members and talented students have extensive experience in rganizing varius cultural events.
拓展句：Our dedicated faculty members and talented students have extensive experience, which means they can rganize varius cultural events.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Additinally, we have state-f-the-art facilities, including multimedia lecture halls and a well-equipped auditrium, which prvide an ideal envirnment fr hsting such a prestigius frum.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】We sincerely hpe that ur applicatin is cnsidered favrably. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The teacher had just annunced that she was ging t give a small gift t the by r girl wh answered the mst questins crrectly in the tests they were ging t have that day. What it was, she wuldn’t say, except that it was very nice, very pretty, and very tasty.
Of curse that last wrd set everybdy’s muth watering.
“Smething tasty!” said Tada. “I culd use that right nw.”
“And s culd I,” said Enrica, whse mther had been s busy that mrning lking after her tw little sisters and her baby brther that she had frgtten t make her lunch.
Then the tests began, and hw everyne wrked! When the teacher asked the questins alud, hands flashed up all ver the rm and waved abut like trees in a high wind. When the answers had t be written, there was an unusual silence. It was lts f fun, and everyne had high hpes f winning the prize.
Slwly the hurs dragged by, and pr Enrica gt hungrier and hungrier every minute, imagining what she wuld d with the prize if she wn.
At last the tests were all ver, the answers all checked, and the final grades all ttaled up.
“Nw,” said the teacher, “I’m ready t tell yu the winner f the prize - Enrica, beating Renee by just ne pint.”
At this mment the teacher pened her desk and tk ut a big chclate egg, tied with a piece f wide blue ribbn (丝带).
“Hw lvely!” cried everybdy.
“Nw just a mment,” said the teacher. “I have a secnd prize. It’ s in this bx.”
Everyne lked and saw fur little chclate eggs. They lked gd, t, but nt as attractive as the big ne in the blue ribbn.
Enrica came frward t receive her prize. She had lked at bth prizes and was thinking hard.
“Please,” she stammered (结结巴巴地说), “wuld - wuld yu mind if I had the secnd prize instead?”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The teacher was s surprised that she hardly knew what t say.
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Enrica just ran hme with the secnd prize bx fr her sisters and brther
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【答案】Pssible versin 1:
The teacher was s surprised that she hardly knew what t say. She had thught that anyne wuld have been excited t take the beautiful gift she was ffering. But, she thught, Enrica is always a gd girl, and she must have a reasn fr her unusual request. S she gave her the secnd prize, and Renee was excited t get the first prize after all. Of curse, every by and girl in the class wanted t knw why Enrica had dne such a strange thing, but she didn’ t say a wrd.
Enrica just ran hme with the secnd prize bx fr her sisters and brther. She didn’t even pen it t take ne bite n the way. When she gt hme and carefully unwrapped the bx, fur small, attractive chclate eggs were revealed. The faces f her little sisters and baby brther lit up with pleasure as they saw the treats. If any f Enrica’s schl friends have peeped inside her hme that evening, they wuld have fund fur happiest children in the wrld sitting n the kitchen flr and enjying the chclate eggs. With a warm glw inside, Enrica realized that the real prize wasn’t the chclate eggs themselves, but the happiness she had shared with her family.
Pssible versin 2:
The teacher was s surprised that she hardly knew what t say. “Of curse, Enrica, if that’s what yu want,” she finally managed t respnd. The class was silent fr a mment, then burst int applause, tuched by Enrica’s selflessness. Enrica smiled shyly, tk the bx with the fur little chclate eggs, and glanced at the teacher, wh gave her an encuraging nd. With a quick lk at her classmates, Enrica turned and hurried ut f the classrm, eager t share her prize.
Enrica just ran hme with the secnd prize bx fr her sisters and brther. As she entered her huse, she was greeted by the sight f her mther struggling t calm the baby while her tw little sisters played quietly nearby. “Mama, lk what I wn!” Enrica called ut, hlding up the bx. Her mther’s tired face lit up with a smile. “Oh, Enrica, that’s wnderful!” Enrica quickly handed ut the little chclate eggs t her siblings, wh squealed with delight. The baby gurgled happily, and her sisters hugged her tightly. Enrica felt a warm sense f fulfillment. She realized that the jy she had brught t her family was far mre precius than the biggest chclate egg in the wrld.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。老师宣布会在当天测试中回答问题最多正确的学生赠送一个既漂亮又美味的小礼物。这立刻激起了所有学生的兴趣，大家都努力争取获胜。测试过程中，学生们异常积极。最终，饿着肚子的Enrica以一分之差险胜Renee。老师揭晓一等奖是一个系着蓝色丝带的大巧克力蛋，随后又展示了二等奖——四个稍小但同样诱人的巧克力蛋。当Enrica上前领奖时，她犹豫地请求是否可以领取二等奖。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“老师惊讶得几乎不知道说什么好。”可知，第一段可以描写老师的心理活动和老师最后的决定，以及Enrica的反应。
②由第二段句首内容“Enrica刚带着给她兄弟姐妹的二等奖箱跑回家。”可知，第二段可以描写Enrica回家后家人的反应和Enrica的感悟。
2.续写线索：老师惊讶—给了她二等奖—带跑回家—分享—感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①认为：think/cnsider
②到家：get hme/arrive hme
③打开：unwrap/pen
情绪类
①激动的：excited/thrilled
②最快乐的：happiest/mst jyful
【点睛】【高分句型1】She had thught that anyne wuld have been excited t take the beautiful gift she was ffering.( 运用了that引导的宾语从句和省略了引导词that/which的定语从句)
【高分句型2】Of curse, every by and girl in the class wanted t knw why Enrica had dne such a strange thing, but she didn’ t say a wrd.( 运用了why引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型3】If any f Enrica’s schl friends have peeped inside her hme that evening, they wuld have fund fur happiest children in the wrld sitting n the kitchen flr and enjying the chclate eggs. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句)