初中英语考试一轮复习语法精讲(冠词)
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这是一份初中英语考试一轮复习语法精讲(冠词),共6页。试卷主要包含了冠词分类及读法,不定冠词a / an的用法,定冠词the的用法,一些不用冠词的情况等内容,欢迎下载使用。
定冠词(the)用来限定这个冠词后面的名词是某个特定的事物;不定冠词(例如英语中的a/an)用来表示这个冠词后面的名词是指某一类特定事物中的一个,但具体是哪一个并不重要;此外有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所谓的“零冠词”。
2、不定冠词a / an的用法:
不定冠词a / an用在单数可数名词的前面,a[ə]用在辅音音标开头的词前面; an [ən,æn]用在元音音标开头的词的前面。
a dg a dgs
water a water a glass f water thress glasses f water
a dg, a pig, an apple, an hur, an L
不定冠词的基本用法:
(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dg lying n the grund.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much strnger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher f English.(他是英语教师。)
(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and fur chairs in that dining-rm.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5)几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lt (许多), a kind f(一种), a pair f(一副、一双), a number f(大量的), a piece f (一张、一片), half an hur(半小时), have a gd time(玩得开心), have a cld(感冒), make a nise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等
3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the[ðə](元音音标前读[ði])用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法:
(1)表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flwer in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)
There is a girl n the playgrund, the girl is Mary.
(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Lk at the blackbard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)
(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Rbert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns arund the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)
(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strng wind t the suth f the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Wh is the first ne t g?(谁第一个去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest t the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)
(7)常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。如:He began t play the vilin at the age f 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)
(8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been t the Himalaya Muntains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is frm the United States f America.(他来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are ging t Munt Emei next mnth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily lk the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)
(12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),n the way(在路上)等等。
4、一些不用冠词的情况:
(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large cuntry.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much mre expensive than yurs.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(2)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was brn n Mnday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees n the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than mnkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5)三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at hme and lunch at schl.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)
(6)节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the bys ften get presents frm their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7)球类、棋类名词前不用。如:The children play ftball n Saturday afternns.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)
(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are nw at Peple’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)
(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴ at / t / frm / ut f / after / fr schl; ⑵ in / t / fr / after class; ⑶in / t / ut f / int bed; ⑷ after / at/ frm / ut f / t wrk; ⑸ at / t sea; ⑹ in / frm / dwn / t twn; ⑺ at / frm hme; ⑻ at / fr / t breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/nn/midnight; ⑽ n ft; ⑾ g t schl/bed; ⑿ n tp f; ⒀ in frnt f; ⒁ n shw/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / ut f hspital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ n/in time; ⒅ at first/last/nce; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care f
综合练习
1.Accrding t the public ntice frm the plice statin, ____$5,000 reward will be ffered fr ____ return f the stlen cultural relics.
A.a; the B./; the C.a; a D./; a
2._______ meeting held last night was _________ great success.
A.A; a B.A ; / C.The ; a D.The ; /
3.---It is reprted that there is _____ big breakthrugh in the cancer treatment.
---If nly my sn culd be brught back t _____ life!
A.a; / B./; a C.the; the D.a; the
4.What ________ wnderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then!
A.a; 不填 B.a; the C.不填;the D.the; the
5. Let's g t ________ cinema — that'll take yur mind ff the prblem fr ______ while.
A.the; the B.the; a C.a; the D.a; a
6.The carnival celebratins in Venice are ________ gd chance t have _______ fun.
A./; the B.a; a C.the; / D.a; /
7.I didn’t make sense f ________ pem until I read it ________ third time.
A.the; the B.a; the C.the; a D.a, a
8.In _______ gesture t help preserve histry, the lcals are repairing _______ large percentage f the histric sites steadily.
A.the; the B.a; a C.the; a D./; the
9.Life the like ________ cean; Only ________strng-willed can reach the ther shre.
A.an; the B.the; a C.the ;/ D./ ; a
10.Thugh I’m nt interested in ____ histry, I am really fnd f ____ histry f Tang Dynasty.
A.the; a B./ ; the C./ ; a D.a ; the
11.Little Brwn lives in _____ A-shaped huse near the twn. It is easy fr him t attend
______ schl.
A.the; 不填 B.不填; a C.an; a D.an; 不填
12.In________eyes f children,playing n the Internet can nly bring them________great fun.
A.the;a B.不填;a C.the;不填 D.不填;不填
13.He was walking alng the beach. All f _____ sudden, he saw a beautiful girl dancing ______ music.
A.a; with B./ ; with C./ ; t D.a ; t
14.India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ lng struggle.
A.不填; a B.the; a C.an; 不填 D.an; the
15.After I saw the film Aftershck by Feng xiagang , I have better understanding f life.
A.a; \ B.a; the C.the ; a D.the ; \
参考答案
1.Accrding t the public ntice frm the plice statin, ____$5,000 reward will be ffered fr ____ return f the stlen cultural relics.
A.a; the B./; the C.a; a D./; a
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。前文泛指任何一笔5000美元的奖金,故用不定冠词。下文return后的修饰词f the stlen cultural relics,可知是特指某物的归还,为特指,用定冠词。选A。
2._______ meeting held last night was _________ great success.
A.A; a B.A ; / C.The ; a D.The ; /
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词。The meeting为特指昨天晚上举行的会议;success作为成功的人或事,为可数名词,选C。
3.---It is reprted that there is _____ big breakthrugh in the cancer treatment.
---If nly my sn culd be brught back t _____ life!
A.a; / B./; a C.the; the D.a; the
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。a big breakthrugh一个大的突破;bring back t life使活泼, 使生动, 使苏醒,根据句意选A。
4.What ________ wnderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then!
A.a; 不填 B.a; the C.不填;the D.the; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那时我们在史密斯家有一段多么美好的日子呀!第一空:time 在这指日子,时期。是可数名词所以用a,第二空:the+ Smiths,指史密斯一家,所以选B。
5. Let's g t ________ cinema — that'll take yur mind ff the prblem fr ______ while.
A.the; the B.the; a C.a; the D.a; a
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查冠词。g t the cinema表示去看电影的意思;fr a while过一会儿的意思,故本题选B。
6.The carnival celebratins in Venice are ________ gd chance t have _______ fun.
A./; the B.a; a C.the; / D.a; /
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词的用法。第一空是泛指一次好机会,所以用不定冠词a,第二空为固定短语have fun 玩的高兴,所以选D。
7.I didn’t make sense f ________ pem until I read it ________ third time.
A.the; the B.a; the C.the; a D.a, a
【答案】C
【解析】C 考察关系。句义:把那首诗又读了一遍,我才弄懂它的意思。由句义可知,第一空表示特指,第二空a third表示“再一,又一”。
8.In _______ gesture t help preserve histry, the lcals are repairing _______ large percentage f the histric sites steadily.
A.the; the B.a; a C.the; a D./; the
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短语和冠词。句意“为了保护历史,当地居民正在修复一大批历史古迹。”in a gesture t d sth.“为了做某事”,是固定搭配;排除A、C;泛指一大批用a large percentage f...。故选B。
9.Life the like ________ cean; Only ________strng-willed can reach the ther shre.
A.an; the B.the; a C.the ;/ D./ ; a
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:生活就像一个大海,只有意志坚强的人可以到达彼岸。cean为可数名词,这里cean表示泛指,且首字母发音为元音因素,所以选择不定冠词an。the+形容词表达一类人。故选A项。
10.Thugh I’m nt interested in ____ histry, I am really fnd f ____ histry f Tang Dynasty.
A.the; a B./ ; the C./ ; a D.a ; the
【答案】B
【解析】冠词题。第一空学科前不用冠词;第二空特指唐朝历史用定冠词。 句意:虽然我对历史不感兴趣但是我喜欢唐朝历史。 选B
11.Little Brwn lives in _____ A-shaped huse near the twn. It is easy fr him t attend
______ schl.
A.the; 不填 B.不填; a C.an; a D.an; 不填
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。a A-shaped huse一座A型的房子,attend schl上学,故选D。
12.In________eyes f children,playing n the Internet can nly bring them________great fun.
A.the;a B.不填;a C.the;不填 D.不填;不填
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查冠词。in the eyes f在……的眼中;所以第一空应该填the;fun是不可数名词,所以第二空不填冠词;可知选C项。
13.He was walking alng the beach. All f _____ sudden, he saw a beautiful girl dancing ______ music.
A.a; with B./ ; with C./ ; t D.a ; t
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:他在海滩上散步。突然,他看见一个漂亮的女孩随着音乐跳舞。all f a sudden为固定搭配,意为“突然地,出乎意料地”,而dance t music 为固定搭配,意为“随着音乐跳舞”。故选D。
14.India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ lng struggle.
A.不填; a B.the; a C.an; 不填 D.an; the
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意:印度在一段长时间的斗争之后,在1947年获得了独立。independence意为:独立,不可数;a lng struggle一段长时间的斗争。故选A项。
15.After I saw the film Aftershck by Feng xiagang , I have better understanding f life.
A.a; \ B.a; the C.the ; a D.the ; \
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查冠词:句意:我看过冯小刚导演的电影《唐山大地震》后,我更好的理解了生活。第一空填a,have a better understanding f“对…有更好的理解”,第二空life前面不加冠词,选A。
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