高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解，共3页。学案主要包含了定语从句的关系词，关系代词与关系副词的选用依据，that和which的区别，as与which的用法区别，“介词+关系代词”的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、定语从句的关系词
注意：
（1）作宾语时wh和whm常可换用，但作宾语的关系代词前有介词时用whm。
The ld man with whm I ften g t the park is my grandfather.
（2）“whse+名词”可与“限定词+名词+f+which”或“f+which+限定词+名词”换用。
The huse whse windws (=the windws f which或f which the windws) face the street is my uncle’s.
二、关系代词与关系副词的选用依据
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
四、that和which的区别
五、as与which的用法区别
六、“介词+关系代词”的用法
关系词
先行词
在从句中作的成分
例句
wh
指人
主语、宾语
The by wh was in the ffice yesterday is my brther.
whm
指人
宾语
He is the persn t whm yu ught t address the request.
which
指物
主语、宾语
This is the rm in which I lived when I was yung.
that
指人或物
主语、宾语、表语
After this he is nt the man that he used t be.
whse
指人或物
定语
This is the student whse handwriting is the best in ur schl.
when
指时间
时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came t this schl.
where
指地点
地点状语
The huse where I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
why
指原因
原因状语
I’d like t knw the reasn why yu are s late.
判断依据
说明
例句
根据从句中的谓语动词判断
从句谓语为及物动词，后面若无宾语，就需用关系代词；从句谓语为不及物动词则要用关系副词
This is the factry that/which I visited last year.（visit是及物动词）
This is the factry where he used t wrk.（wrk是不及物动词）
根据先行词在从句中所作的成分判断
先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词
Is this the museum (that/which) yu visited a few days ag?（作宾语）
Is this the museum where the exhibitin was held?（作状语）
类别
形式
意义
译法
关系词的使用
例句
限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开
是不可缺少的，去掉后，主句意义不完整
通常翻译成先行词的定语
作宾语的关系代词可省略；可用that；可用wh代替whm
This is the huse (which) we bught last mnth.
非限制性定语从句
用逗号和主句隔开
是对先行词的补充说明，如去掉，主句意思仍完整
通常将主句和从句译成并列的句子
作宾语的关系代词不可省略；不用that；不能用wh代替whm
The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
类别
说明
例句
只用that不用which的情况
先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修饰时
They said nthing that hurt ur teacher.
I have sme bks that are wrth reading.
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时
The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
This is the mst interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
先行词被the very,the nly等修饰时
This is the very dictinary that I want t buy.
The ld car is the nly thing that he wns nw.
主句中有which时
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
先行词既有人也有物时
Can yu remember the scientist and his thery that we have heard f?
有两个定语从句且其中一个已用了关系代词which时
They secretly built up a small factry which prduced things that culd cause pllutin.
只用which不用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
This nvel, which I have read three times, is very tuching.
关系代词前有介词时
The reasn fr which he refused the invitatin is nt clear.
先行词本身是that时
What’s that which flashed in the sky just nw?
区别
说明
例句
从位置上区别
as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不放在主句之前
The Pacific is the largest cean, as we all knw.(=As we all knw, the Pacific, as we all knw,...)
The rad was t slippery, which caused lts f accidents.
从意义上区别
as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持一致，常译为“正如...，像...”，表示说话人的观点或态度；which常译为“这一点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。如果非限制性定语从句表示否定意义则只能用which
He made a lng speech, as we expected.正如我们所预料的一样，他的演讲很长。
He made a lng speech, which was unexpected.他的演讲很长，这是我们没有预料到的。
情况
说明
例句
介词+关系代词
从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which,whse,whm，不可用that,wh
Is this the car fr which yu paid a high price?
The man with whm yu shk hands just nw is ur English teacher.
名词/代词等+介词+关系代词
常见的有sme/several/a few/a little/many/mre/mst/the largest f which/whm等
Here are the questins, sme f which I think are difficult fr yu.
“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用
依据定语从句中的动词或形容词等的习惯搭配确定
I bught a great many bks, n which I spent all my mney that I saved.
“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用
依据与先行词的搭配确定
I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntryside.
根据所表达的意思确定
The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.