2023-2024学年北京市西城区高一下学期期末英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023-2024学年北京市西城区高一下学期期末英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了选词填空-句子，阅读理解，完形填空，单句语法填空，句子翻译，阅读表达，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、选词填空-句子：本大题共1小题，共10分。
1.
(1) The wrkers are building shelters fr thusands f earthquake _____________.
(2) ____________, it takes three r fur years t cmplete the pera curse.
(3) He was vted the mst _____________ new actr fr his remarkable perfrmance in the mvie.
(4) Althugh he smetimes speaks very directly, his intentins are _____________— he just wants t help thers.
(5) A(n) _____________ rganizatin is ne that cntrls its wn peratin.
(6) The tw sides are _____________ t reach an agreement, because neither f them is willing t give in.
(7) The _____________ f the universe makes us realize hw small and insignificant we are.
二、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
Fur Best City Walks in the USWisdm Tree Hike in Ls Angeles
This is prbably the mst ppular city walk in LA—a jurney t the nly tree t survive the 2007 Barham fire. The Wisdm Tree is at the tp f Burbank Peak, which gives yu great views all ver Ls Angeles.
The walk: Head up Wnder View Drive frm Lake Hllywd Drive, and yu will reach a gate at the end f the paved area. After yu pass thrugh, yu’ll get t a wide-pen area and the trail t the Wisdm Tree is t yur right.SH/TriBeCa Walking Tur in New Yrk City
Heading dwn t SH and TriBeCa will give yu the feeling f being in anther city within NYC． The small side streets hide interesting buildings and unique shps, as well as histric spts.
The walk: Head suth frm the Bradway-Lafayette Street subway statin, and get lst amng the art galleries, with a first sweet stp at the Museum f Ice Cream. Next, explre the Prince Street shps, then head east t Greene Street. Here, yu can find sme f the finest examples f cast-irn architecture in the city.The Bardwalk Trail in Austin
In Austin, yu’ll be charmed by art. The Bardwalk Trail aims t build a 7,250-ft walkway filled with wrks f art and fantastic views f the city. Dn’t miss the 36 brnze belts designed by artist Ken Little, with cuntry music sng lyrics written n each.
The walk: Yu can access the Bardwalk Trail frm several pints. The full trail is 10 miles lng, where yu can enjy the peaceful waterside views and the skyline f Austin at sunset.Art Walk in Denver
Denver is a great destinatin in itself, with lts f cultural attractins, live music and excellent restaurants. The city’s Art District n Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads yu t art galleries and excellent fd and drink stps.
The walk: Frm the charming Victrian huse where yu can admire the vilins and guitars handcrafted by artists, make yur way nrth t the Sunken Gardens, then the streets busy with art galleries and shps. Every first Friday f the mnth, the ADSF puts n an rganized Art Walk n Santa Fe Drive. Art lvers have an pprtunity t cnnect and share the experience f immersing (使沉浸) themselves in Denver’s art scene.
2.Which city walk can ffer a bird’s eye view f a city?
A. Art Walk in Denver.
B. The Bardwalk Trail in Austin.
C. Wisdm Tree Hike in Ls Angeles.
D. SH/TriBeCa Walking Tur in New Yrk City.
3.What d the city walks in Austin and Denver have in cmmn?
A. Visitrs can enjy live music.
B. Visitrs can appreciate art wrks.
C. Visitrs can enjy peaceful waterside views.
D. Visitrs can appreciate hand-made musical instruments.
4.Where is this passage prbably taken frm?
A. A turist brchure.B. An art review.
C. An envirnmental jurnal.D. A gegraphy textbk.
B
The first time Terry attended a meeting f the Tahquamenn Sprtsmen’s Club, they made him vice president—and he wasn’t even a member. By his secnd visit, the few members left in the dying rganizatin had put him in charge f the whle thing.
The club began in the 1920s. Back then, hunting and fishing were pastimes in rural areas. The culture, hwever, is different nw. When Terry tk ver the century-ld club, it was n its last legs. Only a cuple dzen members remained, and mst were lder than its new 68-year-ld president. They were n lnger ding the things they’d been knwn fr. Wrst f all, their famus fishing tackle party had been canceled twice, nce just because they simply didn’t have enugh members t pull it ff.
He wanted t push hard t keep the rganizatin ging, because it is ne f the things that make up the heart and sul f Newberry. He had t lk fr new members. He needed t braden the club’s fferings t attract yunger peple. Mre than anything else, he had t make sure the tackle party fr kids tk place nce again.
Little by little, Terry’s effrts wrked. Peple began asking abut memberships. Sme sent cntributins. Others ffered their time. A lcal cmpany dnated new siding fr the clubhuse. Smene else said they wuld put a new rf n it. Smene came and mwed the lawn (草坪) when it gt lng in the summer. Others cleared the snw in the winter. All ver twn, peple and businesses prmised t help the club survive and succeed.
On the day f the annual Kids Tackle Party, hundreds f kids and their families appeared. Terry started the event with a speech. A lcal fishing expert gave tips n hw t catch fish. Then, ne at a time, each f the 245 kids was called by name, and every ne f them gt a fishing ple and a tackle bx. It tk mre than three hurs t get thrugh everyne wh shwed up. It was a big event, ne that came clse t dying, but was finally back.
Terry fught t keep the club and party fr kids, a lngtime traditin in the Newberry cmmunity, ging. Traditins are dying these days, but he was able t get peple t hld nt this ne.
5.When Terry tk ver the club, ________.
A. he was the yungest member
B. hunting was a ppular pastime
C. the culture f the club remained
D. the club was struggling t survive
6.T keep the rganizatin ging, what did Terry put at the tp f his t-d list?
A. Bradening peple’s minds in Newberry.
B. Searching fr help frm his neighbrhd.
C. Ensuring the return f the tackle party fr kids.
D. Offering appealing activities t attract new members.
7.What did the twnspeple d t help the club?
A. They grew grass.B. They remved the snw.
C. They dnated fishing ples.D. They fixed the clubhuse rf.
8.What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Interest des nt lie.
B. The discvery f traditin matters.
C. Smetimes hard wrk desn’t pay ff.
D. A her shws up during challenging times.
C
In the 1970s, a grilla (大猩猩) knwn as Kk became wrld-famus when scientists taught her t use human sign language t cmmunicate with peple. There were numerus attempts in the mid-1900s t teach human language t nnhumans, such as Kk. But what we shuld have been thinking abut was their abilities t engage in cmplex cmmunicatin n their wn terms instead f trying t teach an animal t talk t us in human language.
Tday scientists are trying t figure ut hw living things already share infrmatin using their particular methds. This new field f study is knwn as digital biacustics, and it invlves using tls t understand the prductin f sunds and their effects n living things.
Scientists in this field are using sensrs, which are devices that pick up and recrd infrmatin n physical r chemical cnditins. Sme are als using artificial intelligence (AI) technlgy, an apprach that uses algrithms (算法). The same algrithms that we use in tls such as Ggle Translate t translate dcuments can als be used t find patterns in nnhuman cmmunicatin.
Jeremy f Tel Aviv University studied nearly tw dzen Egyptian fruit bats fr tw and a half mnths and recrded their vcalizatins. His team adapted a vice-recgnitin prgram t study 15,000 f the sunds. The algrithm matched specific sunds with specific things the bats were ding. Using this prgram, the researchers were able t classify mst f the bats’ sunds. Jeremy and ther researchers have fund that bats have a much mre cmplex language than we previusly understd. Bats argue ver fd; they distinguish (区分) between genders when they cmmunicate with ne anther and they have individual names, r “signature calls”.
That’s a great example f hw AI is able t find these patterns frm infrmatin gathered by sensrs and micrphnes. AI reveals things that we can’t hear with ur human ears alne because mst bat cmmunicatin happens abve ur hearing range, and because bats speak much faster than we d, we have t slw it dwn t listen t it. S we cannt listen like a bat, but ur cmputers can. And ur cmputers can als speak back t the bat by prducing specific patterns.
Digital biacustics is like an amazing hearing aid. It lets us listen t animals with bth ur digitally enhanced (增强的) ears and ur imaginatin. This is slwly pening ur minds nt nly t the wnderful sunds that nnhumans make, but t a fundamental set f questins abut the s-called divide between humans and nnhumans, as well as ur cnnectin t ther species. It’s als pening up new ways t think abut prtecting living things and ur relatinship with the planet. It’s pretty meaningful.
9.Regarding scientists’ effrts t teach animals human language, the authr feels ________.
A. negativeB. uncncernedC. uncertainD. supprtive
10.Scientists in digital biacustics are trying t study ________.
A. hw animals use different tls t share infrmatin
B. hw animals are affected by the prductin f sunds
C. hw animals are taught t talk in human sign language
D. hw animals cmmunicate with ne anther using sunds
11.What can we learn abut AI applied in digital biacustics?
A. It pairs certain animals’ sunds with their behavirs.
B. It slws dwn animals’ sunds within humans’ hearing range.
C. It adapts vice-recgnitin prgrams t analyze animals’ sunds.
D. It translates specific nnhuman sund patterns int human language.
12.Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. animals can be classified accrding t their sund patterns
B. scientists need t keep studying hw animals prduce sunds
C. digital biacustics may inspire humans t rethink their relatinship with animals
D. the fcus f digital biacustics shuld be the divide between humans and nnhumans
D
Mst f us dn’t have any memries frm the first three t fur years f ur lives. And when we d try t think back t ur earliest memries, it’s ften unclear whether they are the real thing r just recllectins based n phts r stries tld t us by thers. The phenmenn (现象), knwn as “childhd amnesia”, has been puzzling psychlgists fr mre than a century—and we still dn’t fully understand it.
At first glance, it may seem that the reasn we dn’t remember being babies is that babies dn’t have a fully develped memry. But babies as yung as six mnths can frm bth shrt-term memries that last fr minutes and lng-term memries that last weeks. In ne study, six-mnth-lds wh learned hw t press a buttn t perate a ty train remembered hw t perfrm this actin fr tw t three weeks after they had last seen the ty. Preschlers can remember events that g years back.
Of curse, memry capabilities at these ages are nt adult-like. In fact, develpmental changes in basic memry prcesses have been put frward as an explanatin fr childhd amnesia. These basic prcesses invlve several brain regins and include frming, maintaining and then later retrieving (检索) the memry. Fr example, the hippcampus, thught t be respnsible fr frming memries, cntinues develping until the age f seven. The typical bundary fr the ffset f childhd amnesia—three and a half years—changes with age. Children and teenagers have earlier memries than adults d. This suggests that the prblem may be less with frming memries than with maintaining them.
But this des nt seem t be the whle stry; language als plays a rle. Frm the ages f ne t six, children prgress frm the ne-wrd stage f speaking t becming fluent in their native language(s), s there are majr changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that verlap with the childhd amnesia perid. This includes using the past tense, and memry-related wrds such as “remember” and “frget”.
It’s true t sme extent that a child’s ability t verbalize abut an event at the time that it happened predicts hw well they remember it mnths r years later. One lab grup cnducted this wrk by interviewing yung children brught t accident and emergency departments fr cmmn childhd injuries. Thse ver 26 mnths, wh culd verbalize abut the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up t five years later, while thse under 26 mnths, wh culd nt talk abut it, recalled little r nthing.
Even if we can’t clearly remember specific events frm when we were very yung, their accumulatin, hwever, leaves lasting tracks that influence ur behavir. The first few years f life are frgettable and yet pwerful in shaping the adults that we becme.
13.Accrding t the passage, childhd amnesia refers t ________.
A. inability t recall early childhd experiences
B. difficulty children have frming memries
C. cncern abut the truth f early memries
D. lss f memry abilities in the childhd
14.What d the wrds “verlap with” underlined in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Have a lt in cmmn with.B. Happen at the same time as.
C. Play an imprtant rle in.D. Are clsely related t.
15.What may the results f the interview mentined in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A. Children start t frm lng-term memries at 26 mnths.
B. Children’s ability t recall specific events increases with age.
C. Preverbal memries may be lst if they are nt translated int language.
D. Injuries prbably influence hw well children verbalize abut events.
16.Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Childhd amnesia: Hw memry wrks in kids
B. The brain and memry: Hw memries are frmed
C. Verbal ability: Why it matters in the memry prcess
D. The frgtten childhd: Why early memries disappear
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共22.5分。
It’s a gift mre than 50 years in the making.
In 1972, Barbara Riec 17 a heartfelt children’s bk. It was based n a true stry—a little by she had met while she was a teenager living in Appalachia briefly. It was Barbara’s first encunter with pverty (贫困). She came frm a middle-class family. She gt t see anther side f life that she’d heard f, but never seen. It 18 her and had a lasting influence n her life.
19 her best effrts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal frm publishers, leading her t eventually 20 her dreams f becming a published authr.
Little did she knw that, many years later, her grandsn wuld turn thse dreams int reality. Chad Cper, a design and prductin prfessinal based in New Yrk City, decided t give his grandmther the perfect Christmas gift—the 21 f her treasured bk. Visiting her fr the hlidays, he 22 tk her riginal manuscript, alng with the illustratins she had an artist draw years ag, and turned them int a beautifully printed bk.
On Christmas mrning, as Barbara 23 the carefully wrapped gift, she was vercme with emtin. The mment, 24 by Chad, quickly became ppular with viewers, and the vide went viral nline.
“This is prbably the nicest thing anyne’s ever dne fr me in my entire life,” Barbara says in the vide.
Chad’s 25 act didn’t just end with the surprise. He als included a(n) 26 t the bk n Amazn, making it accessible t the public. The 27 was nthing shrt f a miracle (奇迹)—within days, Barbara’s 28 bk skyrcketed t the tp f the bestseller list.
As the wrld 29 this unexpected Christmas miracle, Barbara Riec’s bk, nw 30 by a new generatin f readers, cntinues t spread jy and inspiratin, prving that smetimes the mst extrardinary 31 are the nes we never knew we needed.
17.A. editedB. adaptedC. pennedD. translated
18.A. wrriedB. tuchedC. supprtedD. challenged
19.A. DespiteB. ThrughC. WithutD. Fr
20.A. take nB. live up tC. hld n tD. set aside
21.A. prmtinB. revisinC. publicatinD. recmmendatin
22.A. curiuslyB. secretlyC. calmlyD. shyly
23.A. bughtB. heldC. penedD. shwed
24.A. phtgraphedB. filmedC. writtenD. described
25.A. respectfulB. faithfulC. thankfulD. thughtful
26.A. linkB. intrductinC. apprachD. guide
27.A. cmmentB. impressinC. respnseD. predictin
28.A. nce-frgttenB. badly-neededC. well-knwnD. fully-prepared
29.A. acceptsB. presentsC. ignresD. celebrates
30.A. sldB. dnatedC. ratedD. lved
31.A. videsB. giftsC. belngingsD. materials
四、单句语法填空：本大题共10小题，共10分。
32.I like big parties _____________ yu can dance, have fun and meet new peple. (用适当的词填空)
33.D yu knw the reasn _____________ fruit and vegetables are ften placed at a supermarket entrance? (用适当的词填空)
34.The trees _____________ (blw) dwn in last night’s strm have been mved ff the rad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35.It is agreed _____________ backgrund knwledge plays an imprtant rle in reading. (用适当的词填空)
36.Prducing a paper bag _____________ (use) fur times as much energy as prducing a plastic ne. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37.____________ they’ll fly t Inner Mnglia hasn’t been decided. (用适当的词填空)
38.Sme nline curses are free and pen t anyne, _____________ (give) learners anywhere the chance t study at any time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39.The wman wrte a thank-yu letter t the sldier by__________ she was rescued. （用适当的词填空）
40.I was having dinner when the phne rang, s I stpped _____________ (answer) it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41.Thse wh like teaching _____________ they have acquired shw better understanding and ability t remember knwledge. (用适当的词填空)
五、句子翻译：本大题共5小题，共10分。
42.我们要提高人们的环保意识。（raise awareness）（汉译英）______________________________________________________________________________________________
43.你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt t）（汉译英）_______________________________________________________________________________________________
44.由于你们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。（thanks t）（汉译英）______________________________________________________________________________________________
45.如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫与我联系。（nt hesitate t d）（汉译英）______________________________________________________________________________________________
46.通过反思考试中的错误，Mike在英语方面取得了很大的进步。（reflect n）（汉译英）______________________________________________________________________________________________
六、阅读表达：本大题共1小题，共10分。
47.Is it a tree? Is it a bear? If yu’re lking at a tree in the shape f a bear, it’s a tpiary. A tpiary is a tree r bush that is trained int a shape. Tpiaries are a kind f sculpture. Grwing tpiary garden takes bth time and skill.
The first thing a tpiary gardener des is make a drawing. The drawing shws the frm the gardener wuld like a tree r bush t take. The gardener then chses the bush fr the tpiary. It may be ne that has just been planted r ne that is already in place. Special bushes are used fr tpiaries. These bushes are yew, privet, r bxwd.
In June f the plant’s first year, the gardener lks fr new leaves. When the leaves grw, it is time t shape the bttm f the bush. The gardener shapes the bttm f the bush fr abut five years. The tp is nt trimmed during this time.
In the fifth year, the bush grws tall enugh fr shaping. That’s when the gardener begins t shape the whle bush. Smetimes branches are bent (使弯曲) t frm a shape. The gardener ties the branches in place.
Once a tpiary has been started, it needs care all year. In summer it must be clipped many times t keep its shape. This cutting als helps the bush grw. In winter the bushes dn’t grw. The gardeners have t brush snw ff the plants. Snw can hurt the flat parts f the plants.
Tpiary gardening is a very ld art. The Rmans did it in the first century. In the sixteenth century, peple in Eurpe liked tpiaries t. The Dutch and French grew very pretty tpiaries in their neat gardens. In the late 1600s, tpiaries were als grwn in America. Tday, there is a tpiary garden in Williamsburg, Virginia. It’s much like a garden that grew there hundreds f years ag.
(1) What is a tpiary? (不多于13个单词) ______________________________________________________________________________________________
(2) When des the gardener begin t shape the whle bush? (不多于4个单词) _______________________________________________________________________________________________
(3) What care des a tpiary need in summer? (不多于12个单词) ______________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) What d yu think f tpiary gardening? Please explain why. (单词数不限) ______________________________________________________________________________________________
七、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
48.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。近期，你所在的传统文化俱乐部将举办一次“Chinese Tea Day”主题活动。请给你校交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 邀请理由；
2. 活动安排。
注意：1. 词数不少于60；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
survivrs
【小题2】
Nrmally
【小题3】
prmising
【小题4】
harmless
【小题5】
independent
【小题6】
unlikely
【小题7】
bservatin
【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：工人们正在为成千上万的地震幸存者建造避难所。根据空格前“建造避难所”可知，此处指的是地震幸存者，survivr意为“幸存者”；空格前有“thusands f”所以要用复数。故填survivrs。
2. 考查副词。句意：通常，完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间。空格处位于句子的开头，修饰后面的句子，所以需要填入副词；空格后“完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间”为一个通常的情况；nrmally为nrmal的副词，意为“通常”。故填Nrmally。
3. 考查形容词。句意：由于他在电影中的出色表现，他被选为最有前途的新演员。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，因此需要填入形容词；根据空格后“他在电影中的出色表现”可知，此处说明他是有前途的演员；prmising意为“有前途的”，为prmise的形容词。故填prmising。
4. 考查形容词。句意：虽然他有时说话很直接，但他的意图是无害的——他只是想帮助别人。空格处位于be动词之后，因此需要填入形容词；根据空格后“他只是想帮助别人”可知，他的意图是好的，没有坏处的；harmless意为“无害的”为harm的形容词。故填harmless。
5. 考查形容词。句意：独立组织是指控制自身运作的组织。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据空格后的“控制自身运作的组织”可知，此处指的是独立的组织；independent意为“独立的”，为independence的形容词。故填independent。
6. 考查副词。句意：双方不太可能达成协议，因为双方都不愿让步。空格处位于动词之前，修饰动词，因此需要填入副词；根据后文“因为双方都不愿让步”，可知，此处指的是不可能达成协议。unlikely意为“不可能地”，为likely的反义词。故填unlikely。
7. 考查名词。句意：对宇宙的观察让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道。空格处为句子的主语且位于冠词之后，所以需要填入名词；根据空格后“让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道”以及“宇宙”可知，此处指的是“对宇宙的观察”。bservatin意为“观察”，为bserve的名词，此处特指对宇宙的观察。故填bservatin。
2~4.【答案】C、B、A
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇应用文，文章主要讲的是美国最好的四个城市步道。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章Wisdm Tree Hike in Ls Angeles部分“The Wisdm Tree is at the tp f Burbank Peak, which gives yu great views all ver Ls Angeles.( Wisdm Tree位于伯班克山顶，在那里你可以看到整个洛杉矶的美景。)”可知，洛杉矶的Wisdm Tree Hike可以看到一个城市的全景。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章The Bardwalk Trail in Austin部分的“In Austin, yu’ll be charmed by art.(在奥斯汀，你会被艺术所吸引。)”以及Art Walk in Denver部分的“Denver is a great destinatin in itself, with lts f cultural attractins, live music and excellent restaurants. The city’s Art District n Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads yu t art galleries and excellent fd and drink stps.(丹佛本身就是一个伟大的目的地，有许多文化景点，现场音乐和一流的餐馆。这座城市的圣达菲艺术区(ADSF)有一条令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往艺术画廊和美味的美食和饮料站。)”可知，Austin and Denver的共同之处在于在这两个地方的游客可以欣赏艺术作品。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Fur Best City Walks in the US(美国最好的四个城市步道)”以及全文内容可知文章主要介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A项。
5~8.【答案】D、C、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是Terry接管了一个濒临灭亡的俱乐部，经过努力让它重新恢复生机的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“By his secnd visit, the few members left in the dying rganizatin had put him in charge f the whle thing.(到他第二次去的时候，这个垂死的组织里剩下的几个成员已经让他掌管了整个组织。)”以及文章第二段“When Terry tk ver the century-ld club, it was n its last legs.(Terry接手这家百年俱乐部时，它已奄奄一息。)”可知，当Terry接管俱乐部时，俱乐部正在为生存而挣扎。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mre than anything else, he had t make sure the tackle party fr kids tk place nce again.(最重要的是，他必须确保孩子们的钓鱼派对再次举行。)”可知，为了保证俱乐部的运转，Terry把确保孩子们的钓鱼派对的回归放在了他待办事项清单的首位。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Smene came and mwed the lawn (草坪) when it gt lng in the summer. Others cleared the snw in the winter.(当草在夏天变长时有人来修剪草坪，其他人则在冬天清理积雪。)”可知，为了帮助俱乐部，镇上的人帮助俱乐部清除积雪。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Terry fught t keep the club and party fr kids, a lngtime traditin in the Newberry cmmunity, ging. Traditins are dying these days, but he was able t get peple t hld nt this ne.( Terry努力让俱乐部和孩子们的聚会继续下去，这是纽伯里社区的一个长期传统。如今，传统正在消亡，但他能让人们坚持下去。)”以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要讲的是Terry拯救了濒临灭亡的钓鱼派对，所以从故事中我们可以得出，英雄总是出现在挑战性的时期。故选D项。
9~12.【答案】A、D、A、C
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。这个新的研究领域被称为数字生物声学，它不仅让我们听到了非人类发出的美妙声音，而且让我们看到了一系列关于所谓的人类和非人类之间的鸿沟的基本问题，以及我们与其他物种的联系。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But what we shuld have been thinking abut was their abilities t engage in cmplex cmmunicatin n their wn terms instead f trying t teach an animal t talk t us in human language.(但我们应该考虑的是它们用自己的方式进行复杂交流的能力，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈。)”可知作者认为我们应该考虑让动物用它们自己的方式进行复杂交流，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈，所以作者对于科学家教动物人类语言的努力的态度是消极的。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tday scientists are trying t figure ut hw living things already share infrmatin using their particular methds..(今天，科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。)”可知数字生物声学的科学家们正试图研究动物是如何利用它们独特的方法即声音相互交流的。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The algrithm matched specific sunds with specific things the bats were ding. Using this prgram, the researchers were able t classify mst f the bats’ sunds.(该算法将特定的声音与蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用这个程序，研究人员能够对大多数蝙蝠的声音进行分类。)”可知应用于数字生物声学的人工智能将某些动物的声音与它们的行为配对。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It’s als pening up new ways t think abut prtecting living things and ur relatinship with the planet. It’s pretty meaningful.(它也开辟了新的方式来思考保护生物和我们与地球的关系。这很有意义。)”可知作者认为数字生物声学可能会激发人类重新思考他们与动物的关系。故选C项。
13~16.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“童年失忆症”这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Mst f us dn’t have any memries frm the first three t fur years f ur lives. And when we d try t think back t ur earliest memries, it’s ften unclear whether they are the real thing r just recllectins based n phts r stries tld t us by thers. The phenmenn (现象), knwn as “childhd amnesia”, has been puzzling psychlgists fr mre than a century—and we still dn’t fully understand it.(我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆。当我们试图回想起我们最早的记忆时，往往不清楚它们是真实的，还是仅仅是基于照片或别人告诉我们的故事的回忆。这种现象被称为“童年失忆症”，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它)”可知，童年健忘症是指无法回忆起童年早期的经历。故选A。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Mst f us dn’t have any memries frm the first three t fur years f ur lives.(我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆)”以及划线词上文“Frm the ages f ne t six, children prgress frm the ne-wrd stage f speaking t becming fluent in their native language(s), s there are majr changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that”可知，大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆，这时因为从1岁到6岁，孩子们从一个单词的说话阶段发展到流利地说母语，所以他们的语言能力发生了重大变化，与儿童失忆症时期同时发生。故划线词意思是“与……同时发生”。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Thse ver 26 mnths, wh culd verbalize abut the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up t five years later, while thse under 26 mnths, wh culd nt talk abut it, recalled little r nthing.(超过26个月的婴儿当时可以用语言描述这件事，五年后他们还能回忆起这件事，而26个月以下的婴儿不能谈论这件事，几乎什么也记不起来)”可知，访谈结果可能表明如果不将言语前的记忆翻译成语言，可能会丢失。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The phenmenn (现象), knwn as “childhd amnesia”, has been puzzling psychlgists fr mre than a century—and we still dn’t fully understand it.(这种现象被称为“童年失忆症”，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它)”结合文章主要介绍了“童年失忆症”这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。可知，D选项“被遗忘的童年：为什么早期记忆会消失”最符合文章标题。故选D。
17~31.【答案】C、B、A、D、C、B、C、B、D、A、C、A、D、D、B
【解析】【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了孙子帮助祖母实现长期未实现的成为出版社作家的梦想。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科写了一本感人的儿童读物。A. edited编辑；B. adapted改编；C. penned写；D. translated翻译。根据下文“the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal frm publishers”手稿遭到出版社多次拒绝，可知此处是写了一本书。故选C。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这打动了她，并对她的生活产生了持久的影响。A. wrried担心；B. tuched感动；C. supprted支持；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“She gt t see anther side f life that she’d heard f, but never seen.”以及“had a lasting influence n her life”可知，她从书中看到了她听说过但从未见过的生活的另一面，所以是感动了她。故选B。
3. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. Despite虽然，尽管；B. Thrugh通过；C. Withut没有；D. Fr为了。根据后文“the manuscript faced repeated refusal frm publishers”可知，虽然她尽了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒绝了。故选A。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. take n开始承担；B. live up t达到，实现；C. hld n t坚持；D. set aside把……放置一旁。根据上文“____3____ her best effrts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal frm publishers,”可知，虽然她尽了最大努力，最终遭到出版社的拒绝，所以此处指的是她把成为一名出版社作家的梦想放置一边。故选D。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：查德·库珀是纽约市的一名设计和制作专业人士，他决定给他的祖母一份完美的圣诞礼物——出版她珍贵的书。A. prmtin提升；B. revisin复习，修改；C. publicatin出版；D. recmmendatin推荐。根据上文“her dreams f becming a published authr.”以及“turned them int a beautifully printed bk”可知，他的祖母最终放弃了成为一名出版社作家的梦想，此处指的是他把她的珍贵的书出版。故选C。
6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：假期去看望她时，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，还有她几年前请一位艺术家画的插图，把它们变成了一本印刷精美的书。A. curiusly好奇地；B. secretly秘密地；C. calmly镇静地；D. shyly害羞地。根据下文“Chad’s ____9____ act didn’t just end with the surprise.”可知，他给奶奶带来的不仅仅是惊喜，所以这里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：圣诞节的早晨，当芭芭拉打开精心包装的礼物时，她激动不已。A. bught卖；B. held举行；C. pened打开；D. shwed展示。根据空格后“the carefully wrapped gift”可知，此处是打开精心包装的礼物。故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：查德拍摄的这一时刻迅速受到观众的欢迎，视频在网上疯传。A. phtgraphed拍照；B. filmed拍摄；C. written写；D. described描述。根据后文“and the vide went viral nline.”视频在网上疯传，可知，查德拍下了这一时刻。故选B。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：查德的体贴举动不仅以惊喜结束。A. respectful尊敬的；B. faithful真诚的；C. thankful感激的；D. thughtful考虑周到的，体贴的。根据上文“Visiting her fr the hlidays, he ____6____ tk her riginal manuscript, alng with the illustratins she had an artist draw years ag, and turned them int a beautifully printed bk.”他偷偷地把奶奶的书出版，可知此处指的体贴的举动。故选D。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还在亚马逊上提供了这本书的链接，让公众可以阅读。A. link链接；B. intrductin介绍；C. apprach方法；D. guide指导。根据空格后“the bk n Amazn”以及“making it accessible t the public”使得公众可以阅读，可知，此处指的是把书的链接放在亚马逊上。故选A。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. cmment评论；B. impressin印象；C. respnse回应，反应；D. predictin预测。根据后文“Barbara’s ____12____ bk skyrcketed t the tp f the bestseller list”可知，她的书达到了畅销书排行榜的首位，所以是人们的反应。故选C。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. nce-frgtten曾经被遗忘的；B. badly-needed急需的；C. well-knwn著名的；D. fully-prepared充分准备的。根据前文“____3____ her best effrts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal frm publishers, leading her t eventually ____4____ her dreams f becming a published authr.”可知，他奶奶的书曾经被出版社拒绝，奶奶放弃了成为出版社作家的梦想，所以这里指的是曾经被遗忘的书。故选A。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. accepts接受；B. presents展示；C. ignres忽视；D. celebrates庆祝。根据空后“this unexpected Christmas miracle”可知，此处指的是庆祝圣诞节的这一奇迹。故选D。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. sld出售；B. dnated捐赠；C. rated评估；D. lved喜爱。根据前文“Barbara’s ____12____ bk skyrcketed t the tp f the bestseller list”以及空后“cntinues t spread jy and inspiratin”可知，芭芭拉的书位畅销书榜首，继续传播欢乐和灵感，故此处这是她的书受到新一代读者的喜爱。故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. vides视频；B. gifts礼物；C. belngings所有物；D. materials材料。根据第四段中“decided t give his grandmther the perfect Christmas gift”可知，此处指的是最不寻常的礼物。故选B。
32.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢大型派对，在那里你可以跳舞，玩得开心，认识新朋友。定语从句修饰先行词parties，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
33.【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你知道水果和蔬菜经常被放在超市入口处的原因吗？定语从句修饰先行词reasn，在从句作原因状语，故填why。
34.【答案】blwn
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在昨晚的暴风雨中被吹倒的树木已被移离道路。空处应填非谓语动词，主语The trees 与blw之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作后置定语。故填blwn。
35.【答案】that
【解析】考查句型。句意：人们一致认为背景知识在阅读中起着重要作用。表示“大家一致认为……”句型为It is agreed that...，故填that。
36.【答案】uses
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍。空处应填谓语动词，此处是动名词短语Prducing a paper bag作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故填uses。
37.【答案】When/Whenever
【解析】考查主语从句的引导词。句意：他们什么时候飞往内蒙古还没有决定。由句意空处为主语从句的引导词，从句缺少时间状语，应用连接副词when/whenever，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When/Whenever。
38.【答案】giving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些在线课程是免费的，对任何人开放，让学习者随时随地都有机会学习。此处give与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填giving。
39.【答案】whm
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位妇女给救她的士兵写了一封感谢信。分析句子可知，by ① she was rescued为定语从句，修饰先行词the sldier，设空处为引导词，在从句中作介词by的宾语，故填whm。
40.【答案】t answer
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：电话响时我正在吃晚饭，所以我停下来接电话。stp t d...意为“停下来去做另外一件事”，用不定式作宾语，而stp ding...意为“停下正在做的事情”，用动名词作宾语；句中指停下吃饭，去接电话，用stp t answer。故填t answer。
41.【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：那些喜欢教他们所学知识的人表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。由句意此处为宾语从句的引导词，从句谓语动词have acquired之后缺少宾语，应用引导词what，意为“……的东西”。故填what。
42.【答案】We shuld raise peple’s envirnmental awareness.
【解析】考查情态动词、形容词、名词。表示“我们”用we，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“应该”用情态动词shuld。表示“提高”用动词raise，与情态动词shuld搭配，用动词原形。表示“人们的”用peple’s。表示“环境的”用形容词envirnmental，作前置定语，修饰“意识”。表示“意识”用awareness，作shuld raise的宾语。故翻译为We shuld raise peple’s envirnmental awareness.
43.【答案】Yu shuldn’t attempt t slve this difficult prblem n yur wn.
【解析】考查情态动词、动词短语、不定式作宾语和介词短语。表示“不应该”应用情态动词shuldn’t，表示“试图”应用动词attempt，attempt t d“试图做某事”，表示“解决这个难题”应用slve this difficult prblem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示“独自一人”应用介词短语n yur wn，作状语。故翻译为Yu shuldn’t attempt t slve this difficult prblem n yur wn。
44.【答案】Thanks t yur help, we finished the task ahead f time.
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。表示“由于”短语为thanks t；表示“你们的帮助”为yur help；主语为we；表示“完成任务”短语为finish the task；表示“提前”短语为ahead f time。为一般过去时。故翻译为Thanks t yur help, we finished the task ahead f time.
45.【答案】If yu need mre infrmatin, please dn’t hesitate t cntact me.
【解析】考查状语从句、动词短语和祈使句。“如果”使用if引导条件状语从句，表示“需要”应用动词need，作从句的谓语动词，表示“更多信息”译为mre infrmatin，作宾语，“请”使用please，主句译为祈使句的否定形式，故“做某事不要犹豫”应用dn’t hesitate t d sth，不定式作宾语，表示“联系”应用动词cntact，此处应用不定式形式，从句使用一般现在时。故翻译为If yu need mre infrmatin, please dn’t hesitate t cntact me.
46.【答案】Mike has made great prgress in English by reflecting n the mistakes he made n exams.
【解析】考查现在完成时，名词，介词，定语从句。根据汉语提示可知，Mike已经取得了进步，所以需要用现在完成时，“取得进步”为make prgress；表示“在……方面取得进步”用介词in；“英语”为English；所以主句部分为Mike has made great prgress in English。表示“通过……”用介词by；“反思”为固定短语reflect n；“错误”为mistake，此处需用复数；且指的是“他在考试中的错误”，所以需要用定语从句修饰；本句中“mistake”在句子中作宾语，所以关系词可省略，所以从句部分为he made n exams；所以状语部分为by reflecting n the mistakes he made n exams.。故答案为Mike has made great prgress in English by reflecting n the mistakes he made n exams.
47.【答案】【小题1】
A tpiary is a tree r bush that is trained int a shape.
【小题2】
In the fifth year.
【小题3】
In summer it must be clipped many times t keep its shape.
【小题4】
I think tpiary gardening is a fascinating and rewarding hbby that can add beauty and interest t any garden r utdr space. While it may require sme dedicatin and hard wrk, the final results can be truly stunning and wrth the effrt.
【解析】1. 考查细节理解。根据第一段“A tpiary is a tree r bush that is trained int a shape.(修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状)”可知，修剪是指修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状。故答案为A tpiary is a tree r bush that is trained int a shape.
2. 考查细节理解。根据第四段“In the fifth year, the bush grws tall enugh fr shaping.(第五年，灌木长得足够高，可以修整了)”可知，园丁第五年开始修整整个灌木。故答案为In the fifth year.
3. 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“In summer it must be clipped many times t keep its shape.(夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状)”可知，夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状。故答案为In summer it must be clipped many times t keep its shape.
4. 考查开放题。根据“你对园艺有什么看法？请解释原因”可回答：我认为园艺是一种迷人而有益的爱好，可以为任何花园或户外空间增添美丽和兴趣。虽然这可能需要一些奉献和努力，但最终的结果确实令人惊叹，值得付出努力。故答案为I think tpiary gardening is a fascinating and rewarding hbby that can add beauty and interest t any garden r utdr space. While it may require sme dedicatin and hard wrk, the final results can be truly stunning and wrth the effrt.
48.【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw is everything?
I am writing t invite yu t the “Chinese Tea Day” activity, which will be held by ur Traditinal Culture Club. I knw yu lve Chinese culture and enjy hands-n experiences, and this activity ffers bth.
The 2-hur activity is scheduled fr 4pm next Friday at a tea huse near ur schl. It will include a presentatin n the histry f Chinese tea culture, fllwed by a tasting sessin with varius types f Chinese tea, such as green, black, and lng. Then, participants will have the pprtunity t learn hw t make and serve tea.
If yu plan n cming, please reply t this email befre Thursday afternn. Lking frward t seeing yu there.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】1.词汇积累
回复：reply t→respnse t
举办：hld→hst
各种各样的：varius→diverse
喜欢：lve→be fnd f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then, participants will have the pprtunity t learn hw t make and serve tea.
拓展句：Then, anyne wh participate in the activity will have the pprtunity t learn hw t make and serve tea.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing t invite yu t the “Chinese Tea Day” activity, which will be held by ur Traditinal Culture Club.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】It will include a presentatin n the histry f Chinese tea culture, fllwed by a tasting sessin with varius types f Chinese tea, such as green, black, and lng.(运用了过去分词短语作状语)
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