专题04 并列句和状语从句（讲义）-2024年新高一英语暑假学习提升计划

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考点一 并列句
考点二 时间状语从句
考点三 让步状语从句
考点四 地点状语从句
考点五 原因的状语从句
考点六 条件状语从句
考点七 目的、结果状语从句
考点一 并列句
一．常考并列连词
1.Nt nly can a beautiful smile make urselves happy, but als it enables thers t feel delighted.
一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
2.The failure was a big blw t him, but he wasn’t discuraged and sn gt as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
3.I was never very neat, while my rmmate Kate was extremely rganized. 我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。
4.He fund it increasingly difficult t read, fr his eyesight was beginning t fail.
由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
名师点津
but不与althugh/thugh连用，但yet, still可与althugh/thugh连用。
二． 特殊并列连词及并列句
1．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be abut t d “正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be n the pint f ding “正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be ding “正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had (just/already) dne “刚做完某事，这时突然……”
I was driving dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
She had just finished her hmewrk when her mther asked her t practice playing the pian yesterday.
昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
2．“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
In any unsafe situatin, simply press the buttn and a highly­trained agent will get yu the help yu need. 在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。
Start ut right away, r we’ll miss the first train.立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。
名师点津
并列连词的考查主要集中在“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”， and表并列， yet/but表转折， r表选择， s表因果， while表对比， when表“突然”等方面。
单句语法填空
1．The Olympic cauldrn (主火炬) at the snwflake-themed ceremny was small, ________ the flames cnveyed significant messages f greener Olympic Games.
2．Bth previus restratins t lsses ________ jins between the riginal marble blcks that have disclred will be replaced by a mre clsely marble－like material.
3．On a serius nte, spending time away frm ur screens frm time t time is nt nly gd fr kids' health, ________ als everyne's.
1．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：在以雪花为主题的开幕式上，奥运圣火很小，但圣火传递了绿色奥运的重要信息。由“small”和“the flames cnveyed significant messages”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处用表示转折的but，故填but。
2．答案与解析：and 考查连词。句意：之前的修复和原有大理石块之间已经变色的连接将被更接近大理石的材料取代。是固定搭配，意为“两个都……”，故填and。
3．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：严肃地说，时不时远离屏幕不仅对孩子的健康有好处，对每个人都有好处。固定短语nt als...“不仅……而且……”。
考点二 时间状语从句
1.表示时间的状语从句
1.befre
befre的意思是“在……之前”，常用来引导时间状语从句。
句型：It is/was (nt)+时间+befre+从句
It will (nt) be+时间+befre+从句
It was ne year befre he finished his wrk.过了一年他才完成了他的工作。
It was nt lng befre he finished his wrk.过了不久，他就完成了他的工作。
It will be three weeks befre he finishes his wrk.要过3周，他才能完成他的工作。
It wn’t be lng befre he finishes his wrk.用不了多久，他就会完成他的工作。
2.by the time
by the time的意思是“截至……（时间）”，可以引导时间状语从句。by the time引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时；若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。
By the time yu receive this letter,I will have left this city fr my hmetwn.你收到这封信时，我将已经离开这座城市回家乡了。
I shall have finished it by the time yu cme back.你回来以前我就把它做完了。
说明：这两个句子从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时。
By the time I gt there,the bus had already left.等我到那里时，公共汽车已开走了。
She had finished cleaning by the time I arrived.在我到达之前，她就已打扫完卫生了。
说明：这两个句子从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
必背：“by+时间”还可以构成各种短语，在句子中作时间状语。
3.nce
nce作连词引导时间状语从句时，意思是“一旦……就……”。
Once yu understand the rules f the game,yu’ll enjy it.
一旦你了解了这个游戏的规则，你就会喜欢它。
Once yu begin,yu shuld g n.一旦开了头，你就应该继续下去。
注意：nce引导状语从句时，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，有时可以将从句的主语和be动词省略。
Once (it is) printed,the bk will be very ppular.这本书一旦付印，肯定很受欢迎。
Once (it is) fund,any mistake must be crrected.一旦发现任何错误就必须加以改正。
Once having made a prmise,yu shuld keep it.一旦做出承诺，你就应该遵守诺言。
4.as sn as和n 等
as sn as，n ，，immediately，directly等连词及连词短语的意思都是“一……就……”。当主句是一般将来时，as sn as引导的从句要用一般现在时。n ，，等引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句往往和过去完成时连用；为了加强语气，主句还可以用倒装语序。
1.They will pst the tickets t me as sn as they receive my check.他们收到我的支票后就立刻把票寄给我。
2.He will be set free as sn as the fine is paid.只要交了罚款，他就会被释放。
说明：这两个句子的主句是一般将来时，as sn as引导的从句要用一般现在时。
3.I gave the alarm as sn as I saw the smke.我一看见冒烟，就发出了警报。
4.Immediately she had gne,I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
5.The fans cried as sn as they saw the mvie star.追星族们一看见这位影星就喊了起来。
=The fans had n sner seen the mvie star than they cried.
=The fans had hardly seen the mvie star when they cried.
=The fans had scarcely seen the mvie star when they cried.
=N sner had the fans seen the mvie star when they cried.
=Hardly had the fans seen the mvie star when they cried.
=Scarcely had the fans seen the mvie star when they cried.
6.As sn as I gt hme,it began t rain.我刚一到家，就下起雨来了。
重要：“一……就……”还可以用the mment表示，这句话还可以转换为：
The mment I gt hme,it began t rain.
=I had n sner gt hme than it began t rain.
=I had hardly gt hme when/befre it began t rain.
=I had scarcely gt hme when/befre it began t rain.
=N sner had I gt hme than it began t rain.
=Hardly had I gt hme when/befre it began t rain.
=Scarcely had I gt hme when/befre it began t rain.
补充：“n+名词/ding”结构也相当于as sn as引导的时间状语从句。
Please reprt t receptin n arrival.到达后请立即到接待处报到。
On arriving hme,he discvered they had gne.他一到家就发现他们已经走了。
5.whenever和n matter when等
whenever相当于n matter when，意思是“无论什么时候”；every time/each time的意思是“每次”。
1.Whenever I visited him,he was nt at hme.我无论何时拜访他，他都不在家。
=N matter when I visited him,he was nt at hme.
2.Whenever I cme up t Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s hme.每次到天津我都要去拜访我的老师。
=N matter when I cme up t Tianjin,I call at my teacher’s hme.
=I call at my teacher’s hme each time I cme up t Tianjin.
3.Whenever I see this picture,I think f my hmetwn.
无论什么时候我看到这幅图片，我都会想起我的家乡。
=N matter when I see this picture,I think f my hmetwn.
=Each/Every time I see this picture,I think f my hmetwn.
考点三 让步状语从句
1.thugh和althugh
thugh，althugh都当“虽然”讲，二者都可与以yet或still连用，但不能与but连用。
1.Althugh he was wrn ut,he (still) kept n wrking.
=Thugh he was wrn ut,he (still) kept n wrking.
=He still kept n wrking thugh he was wrn ut.
=He was wrn ut but he still kept n wrking.他虽然已经筋疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。
注意：（正）it was nt very cld althugh/thugh it was snwing.虽下着雪，但并不太冷。
（误）Althugh/thugh it was snwing,but it was nt very cld.
2.Althugh he was a child,he knew what was the right thing t d.
=Thugh he was a child,he knew what was the right thing t d.
=Child thugh he was,he knew what was the right thing t d.
=Child as he was,he knew what was the right thing t d.
虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。
3.Althugh yu may bject,I’ll carry ut the experiment.
=Thugh yu may bject,I’ll carry ut the experiment.
=Object as yu may,I’ll carry ut the experiment.
纵使你反对，我也要做这项实验。
4.Althugh he wrks hard,he makes little prgress.
=Thugh he wrks hard,he makes little prgress.
=Hard thugh he wrks,he makes little prgress.
=Hard as he wrks,he makes little prgress.尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
说明：此二句采用了倒装语序，在这种倒装句中只能用as或thugh，不能用althugh。
2.even if和even thugh
even if相当于even thugh，意思是“即使，尽管，虽然……也”，其所表达的意思比althugh更强烈。
1.We’ll make a trip even if/even thugh the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。
2.Yu shuld try t be nice t him,even thugh yu dn’t like him.即使你不喜欢他，也要尽量对他好些。
3.Even thugh/Even if it is raining,I’ll g t wrk.尽管下着雨，我也要去上班。
比较：even if和even thugh所引导的状语从句中，动词用虚拟语气时和用陈述语气时表达的意义有所不同。
4.Even if I were ill,I wuld attend the meeting.即使我生病了，我也要参加会议。
（虚拟语气，事实上我并没有生病。）
5.Even if I am ill,I will attend the meeting.虽然我生病了，我也要参加会议。
（陈述语气，我现在的确生病了。）
3.“n matter+疑问词”和“疑问词-ever”
“n matter+疑问词（wh/what/when/where/which/hw）”引导让步状语从句时，相当于whever/whatever/whenever/wherever/whichever/hwever，它们可以互换，表达的含义是“无论……，不管……都……”。
n matter wh=whever（无论是谁） n matter what=whatever（无论什么）
n matter when=whenever（无论何时） n matter where=wherever（无论何地）
n matter which=whichever（无论是哪一个） n matter hw=hwever（无论怎样）
1.N matter wh yu are,yu must keep the law.
=Whever yu are,yu must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
2.N matter what yu d,I will supprt yu.
=Whatever yu d,I will supprt yu.无论你做什么，我都会支持你。
3.N matter when she cmes,she says the same wrds.
=Whenever she cmes,she says the same wrds.无论她什么时候来，她总是说同样的话。
4.N matter which yu like best,yu can have.
=Yu can have whichever yu like best.你可以拿你最喜欢的。
5.N matter hw difficult it may be,we will vercme it.
=Hwever difficult it may be,we will vercme it.不管多么困难，我们都要克服。
考点四 地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由连词where和复合关系词wherever（相当于n matter where）引导。
1.where
一．where作连词引导地点状语从句时，意思是“在/向……的地方”。
1.Yu shuld have put the bk where yu fund it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
2.Yu’d better make a mark where yu have any questins.哪儿有问题，你就在哪儿做个记号。
=Where yu have any questins,yu’d better make a mark.
3.We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
4.Where they went,they were warmly welcmed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。
二．比较：where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
Bamb grws best in places where it is warm and where it rains ften.
=Bamb grws best where it is warm and where it rains ften.
（where引导定语从句，引导地点状语从句。）
温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。
有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面；而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。（where引导地点状语从句。）
2.wherever
一．wherever相当于n matter where，意思是“无论到哪里，无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。
1.Wherever he ges,he always takes a ntebk with him.无论走到哪里，他总是带着一个笔记本。
2.Wherever there is smke,there is fire.无风不起浪。
3.Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方，他都会快乐的。
=N matter where he may be,he will be happy.
考点五 原因的状语从句
1.because
because的意思是“因为”，表示直接原因，语气最重，常用来回答why（为什么）引导的特殊疑问句。
1.A:Why were yu late fr schl this mrning?你今天早晨上学为什么迟到了？
B:Because I gt up late.因为我起床晚了。
2.I want t d it myself because I like it.我想亲自做这件事，因为我喜欢它。
（正）He is disappinted because he failed again.因为他又失败了，所以他感到失望。
（误）S he is disappinted because he failed again.
切记：尽管在汉语中“因为……，所以……”常一起使用，但在英语中because不能和s连用。
3.The museum wn’t be pen this week because it is under repairs.博物馆本周不开放，因为他正在修缮中。
2.since
since的意思是“既然”，表示对方已知道的事实和理由，语气比because弱。
1.Since yu’re nt interested,I wn’t tell yu abut.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
2.Since n ne is against it,we’ll pass it.既然没人反对，那我们就通过了。
3.Since yu can’t answer the questin,I’ll ask smene else.既然你回答不出这个问题，那我就问别人了。
3.as
as的意思是“由于”，表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。
1.As it is snwing,yu’d better take a taxi.下雪了，你最好乘出租车。
2.As yu request it,I will cme.由于你的要求，所以我会来。（语气较缓和）
=I’ll cme because yu request it.（语气很强）
3.As she had n car,she stayed at hme.她因为没车而留在家里。（语气较缓和）
=She stayed at hme because she had n car.（语气很强）
比较：because，since，as和fr的区别
都可译为“因为”，但在语气上，because最重，其次是since，as，fr。
because，since，as都是从属连词。而fr是一个并列连词，用来附带解释说明前一分句的原因或理由，fr引导的并列句，一般放在所要说明的句子的后面。
because引导的原因状语从句一般放主句后面，也可放主句前面；since和as引导的从句则通常位于句首；fr不能位于句首，只能置于句中，且前面要用逗号与前一分句分开。
I went t see him,fr I had smething t tell him.我去见他，因为我有事要告诉他。
4.nw what，seeing that和cnsidering that
nw that的意思是“既然”，seeing that的意思是“由于，因为，鉴于”，cnsidering that的意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。
1.Nw that they have taken matters int their hands,the pace f events has quickened.
他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态的进展也就加快了。
2.Nw that yu are a man,yu must nt d such a thing.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。
3.Nw that yu are well,yu can wrk.既然你已经好了，你可以工作了。
4.Seeing that he’s been ff sick all week,he is unlikely t cme tday.由于他请病假整整一周了，所以今天不太可能来。
5.She knws quite a lt abut it,cnsidering (that) she is very yung.鉴于她年龄小，她懂得的已经很多了。
考点六 条件状语从句
1.if和unless
if的意思是“如果”。unless的意思则是“除非……；如果不……”，相当于，有时二者可以换用。
1.If yu have any questins r cmments,yu can vice them nw.你们如果有任何疑问或意见，可以现在提出。
2.If we interfere with nature,we will have t deal with the cnsequences.如果我们干预自然，我们将不得不应付后果。
3.If yu dn’t eat meat,this tur is nt fr yu as the Inuit live n animals,birds and fish.
如果你不吃肉，那这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。
=Unless yu eat meat,this tur is nt fr yu as the Inuit live n animals,birds and fish.
除非你吃肉，否则这种旅行就不适合你，因为因纽特人以动物、鸟和鱼为主食。
4.If yu dn’t visit him tmrrw,he will be angry.如果你明天不去看他，他会生气的。
=Unless yu visit him tmrrw,he’ll be angry.除非你明天去看他，否则他就会生气的。
2.in case
in case的意思是“万一，以防”，常用来引导条件状语从句。
1.Take a cat in case the weather turns ld.带上一件外衣吧，以防天气转冷了。
2.Take sme mney with yu in case yu want t buy smething.带上些钱，万一你想要买一些东西呢。
3.Take a taxi in case yu are late fr the meeting.坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。
4.I’ll leave yu my phne number in case yu want t cntact me.我把我的电话号码留给你，万一你要和我联系呢。
5.Yu’d better be ready in case he cmes.你最好有所准备，万一他来呢。
比较：“in case+从句”和“in case f+名词”都表示“以防，万一”。
They wn’t be able t g t the park in case it rains.=In case f rain they can’t g t the park.万一下雨，他们就不能去公园了。
in that case意为“如果是那样的话”。
In that case,he wuld be punished.要是情况如此，他将会受到惩罚。
（表示假设条件，he wuld be punished是虚拟语气。）
Will Li Ming attend the party?In that case,I wn’t attend it.李明会参加聚会吗？若是那样的话，我就不参加了。
3.as lng as和s lng as
as lng as和s lng as的意思都是“只要”。
1.I’m sure we are safe as lng as (we are) in his care.我深信只要在他的保护下，我们就会平安无事。
2.He will surely finish the jb n time as lng as he’s left t d it in his wn way.只要让他用自己的方式工作，他一定会按时完成这项工作的。
3.As/S lng as we dn’t lse heart,we’ll find a way t vercme the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的办法。
4.Yu can g t see the film as/s lng as yu arrive at the cinema n time.你可以去看这场电影，只要你能按时到达电影院。
补充：as lng as还可以作“……之久”讲。
5.Keep it as lng as yu can.你能把它保留多久，就保留多久。
4.prvided (that)和suppsing (that)等
条件状语从句还可以由prvided (that)，prviding (that)，suppse (that)，suppsing (that)，n cnditin (that)等引导。
1.We shall sign the cntract prvided (that) there is n ppsitin.如果没有反对意见，我们就在合同上签字。
2.He wn’t be against us in the meeting prvided (that) we ask fr his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见，他就不会在会上反对我们。
3.Prviding there is n bjectin,we shall make a decisin.如果没人反对，我们就决定了。
4.Suppse we ffer mre favurable terms,they will chse t cperate with us.假如我们提供更优惠的条件，他们会选择与我们合作。
5.Suppsing it rains,shall we visit the museum?倘若下雨，我们还去参观博物馆吗？
6.I can tell yu the truth n cnditin that yu prmise t keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。
条件状语从句的时态
在运用条件状语从句的时候，一定要注意主句和从句在时态上的一致。
A.主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时
和时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句的时态也要注意和主句时态保持一致。大多数情况下，主句如果是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时来表示，有时也可以用现在进行时和现在完成时。
He’ll be a dctr when he finishes studying here.他结束在这儿的学习之后，将会成为一名医生。
（时间状语从句）
If it desn’t rain tmrrw,we’ll start.明天如果不下雨，我们就出发。（条件状语从句）
If yu understand this rule,yu will have n further difficulty.（条件状语从句）
你如果/一旦了解这个规则，就不会再有困难。
说明：有时可用nce或as sn as代替if。
Once/As sn as yu understand this rule,yu will have n further difficulty.
B.有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态
If yu get the bk,let me knw.如果你弄到了那本书，告诉我一声。（祈使句）
If yu drink,dn’t drive.如果你喝了酒，千万别开车。（祈使句）
If he feels like seeing the sights f the city,he can take a bus tur.（情态动词）
如果他想看城市风光，他可以坐城市观光车。
If yu like,yu can stay here fr the weekend.如果你愿意就留在这里过周末吧。（情态动词）
C.如果主句谓语动词是want，hpe等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时
What d yu want t d if yu have much mney?如果你有很多钱，你想要做什么？
I hpe t see her if I’m free.如果我有空，我希望去看看她。
D.在有些句子中，主、从句都可用一般现在时
If yu ring this number,n ne answers.如果你打这个电话号码，不会有人接。
If yu press the switch,the cmputer cmes n.如果你按这个开关，计算机就会启动。
注意：有时if引导的从句也可以用will，但will表示意愿。
If yu will g int the fields and turn ver a few big stnes,yu will uncver a city f ant “peple”.
如果你愿意到田野里去翻开几块大石头，你准会揭开一个蚁“民”的城市。
If yu’ll just wait a mment,I’ll find smene t help yu.如果你愿意等一会儿，我会找人来帮助你。
If yu wn’t g,yu needn’t/wn’t g.如果你不愿意去，那就不必去。
考点七 目的、结果状语从句
1.s that
s that的意思是“目的是……；结果……”，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常有can，culd，may，might，will，wuld等情态动词。而引导结果状语从句时，则通常没有情态动词。
比较：The little by saved every cin s that he culd buy his mther a present n Mther’s Day.
小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，为的是能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。（目的）
The little by saved every cin s that he bught his mther a present n Mther’s Day.
小男孩把一枚枚硬币积攒起来，在母亲节那天给妈妈买了一份礼物。（结果）
比较：He always studies hard s that me may make great prgress.他总是努力地学习，这样他才会取得很大的进步。（目的）
He always studied hard s that he made great prgress.他总是努力地学习，结果他取得了很大的进步。（结果）
2.in rder that
in rder that的意思是“以便……，为了……”。in rder that和s that表示目的时一样，从句的谓语动词里常有can，culd，may，might，will，wuld等情态动词。
She raised her vice in rder that she might be heard.她把声音抬高以便与别人听见。
=She raised her vice s that she might be heard.
in rder that和s that与不定式in rder t，s as t以及t表示目的时表达的意思一样，不过不定式表示目的时，句子是简单句。因此上一句还可表示为：
She raised her vice s as t be heard.
In rder t be heard she raised her vice.
She raised her vice in rder t be heard.
T be heard she raised her vice.
She raised her vice t be heard.
比较：s as t不能位于句首；in rder t和t的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首或句中。
和
和的意思都是“如此……以至”，二者皆可引导结果状语从句，且含义相同，但用法有一定的区别。
句型：s+形容词/副词+that
1.When the ftball fans saw Beckham,they gt s excited that they cried ut.当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。
2.He was s ill that we had t send fr a dctr.他病得很重，我们只好给他请医生了。
3.He was injured s badly that he had t be sent t the hspital.他伤势很重，不得不送医院。
=S badly was he injured that he had t be sent t the hspital.
切记：当s位于句首时，主句的主谓要倒装。
4.The nvel was s bring that he gave up reading it half way thrugh.
=S bring was the nvel that he gave up reading it half way thrugh.
这本小说非常乏味，他读了一半就不读了。
5.David was s careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper.
=David was t careless t find the mistakes in his test paper.
戴维太粗心了，没发现他试卷中的错误。
6.She was s exhausted that she culdn’t mve n.
=She was t exhausted t mve n.她疲惫得无法继续前进。
说明：如果引导的结果状语从句是否定句，也可以用来表达相同的意思。
句型：such+a/an（+形容词）+单数可数名词+that
=s+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that
1.It gave him such a shck that his face turned white.这使他如此震惊以至于他的脸色都变白了。
2.This is such a useful dictinary that I’m thinking f buying it.
=This is s useful a dictinary that I’m thinking f buying it.
这本字典很有用，我正打算买一本。
3.He is such a clever by that all the teachers like him.
=He is s clever a by that all the teachers like him.
他是如此聪明的一个男孩，所有的老师都喜欢他。
4.It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
=It was s interesting a film that I saw it twice.
这是一部很有意思的电影，我看了两次。
句型：such（+形容词）+不可数名词+that
1.This bk is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这本书是用浅易的英语写的，初学者都可以读懂。
2.He shwed such cncern that peple tk him t be a friend.他表现得如此关心以至于人们都把他当作朋友了。
（正）It’s such nice weather that all f us want t g t the park.
（误）It’s s nice weather that all f us want t g t the park.
多么好的天气啊！我们大家都想去公园玩。
注意：当不可数名词的前面有形容词much，little修饰时，要用s，而不用such。句型为“s+much/little+不可数名词+that”。
3.Such a little by has s little difficulty in wrking ut this difficult prblem that I admire him very much.这样小的一个男孩解这道题所遇到的困难是如此之少，以至于我很羡慕他。
（第一个little意为“小”，因此前面用such修饰；第二个little意为“少”，因此前面用s修饰。）
He had s much wrk t d that he had t wrk late int the night.
他有那么多工作要做，不得不工作到深夜。
句型：such（+形容词）+复数可数名词+that
1.They are such difficult prblems that I dn’t knw hw t settle them.这些问题是如此复杂，以至于我不知道如何解决。
2.He made such a lt f mistakes in his maths exercises that he had t d them all ver.他做错了如此多的数学题，以至于不得不全部重新做。
（正）They are such fine teachers that we all hld them in great respect.
（误）They are s fine teachers that we all hld them in great respect.
他们是非常好的老师，我们对他们极为尊敬。
注意：当可数名词前有形容词many，few修饰时，要用s，而不用such。句型为“s+many/few+复数可数名词+that”。
3.There are s few ntebks that I can’t give yu any.笔记本太少了，我一本也给不了你。
4.There are s many kinds f bikes n sale at the market that I cannt make up my mind which t buy.市场上出售的自行车种类很多，我拿不定主意要买哪一种。
单句语法填空
1．Apart frm that, the decrated resumes d little help t find a jb ________ mst HR managers pay mre attentin t skills.
2．________the factry was a later additin, it prved that subsequently dedicated cin mints were built smewhere in China frm the very beginning.
3．Withut cmplex decratins, it cmbines buildings with scenery s well ________ the whle garden appears t be naturally endwed (赋予)．
4．________ r nt yu agree, the saying des reflect its vital rle in the city's evlutin(演变)．1．答案与解析：because 考查连词。句意：除此之外，装饰华丽的简历对找工作几乎没有帮助，因为大多数人力资源经理更注重技能。由“resumes d little help t find a jb”和“mst HR managers pay mre attentin t skills”可知，句子表示“装饰华丽的简历对找工作几乎没有帮助，因为大多数人力资源经理更注重技能”，空格处意为“因为”，故填because。
2．答案与解析：While/Althugh/Thugh 考查状语从句。句意：虽然工厂是后来增加的，它证明了后来专用铸币厂从一开始就在中国的某个地方建造。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”可用while、althugh或thugh，句首单词首字母要大写。
3．答案与解析：that 考查状语从句。为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
4．答案与解析：Whether 考查状语从句。句意：不管你是否同意，这句话确实反映了它在城市发展中的重要作用。 nt...无论……与否， 符合语境。
易混点(一) 定语从句和并列句
1．She has many nvels, sme f ____________ are interesting.
2．She has many nvels, and sme f ____________ are interesting.
[分析] 1.which which引导定语从句，修饰先行词nvels, “sme f which”在从句中作主语。
2．them 此句为and引导的并列句。
[点拨] 定语从句与并列句的主要区别：句中若有and, but, s等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
易混点(二) 定语从句和状语从句
1．(1)We yung peple shuld g t the place ____________ is in need f help.
(2)We yung peple shuld g ____________ we’re mst needed.
[分析] (1)which/that 关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。
(2)where where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词g。
[点拨] 定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
2．(1)I will always remember the days ____________ I lived with my grandparents in the cuntryside.
(2)I always remember the days in the cuntryside ____________ I see the pht f my grandparents.
[分析] (1)when when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。
(2)when when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。
[点拨] 定语从句与时间状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，时间状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
3．(1)This is such an interesting wrk f art ____________ all f us like.
(2)This is such an interesting wrk f art ____________ all f us like it.
[分析] (1)as 引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作like的宾语。
(2)that 引导结果状语从句。
[点拨] 定语从句与结果状语从句的主要区别：the 与引导定语从句， as在从句中充当一定的成分；引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。
易混点(三) 定语从句和名词性从句
1．(1)____________ is knwn t everybdy, the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.
(2)____________ is knwn t everybdy that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.
(3)____________ is knwn t everybdy is that the mn travels rund the earth nce every mnth.
[分析] (1)As as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面这句话的内容。(2)It it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。(3)What what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面that引导的从句则是表语从句。
2．(1)Anyne ____________has helped t save the drwning girl is wrth praising.
(2)____________ has helped t save the drwning girl is wrth praising.
[分析] (1)wh wh在此引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。
(2)Whever whever在此引导主语从句。
[点拨] 定语从句与主语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句的作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
3．(1)The mther made a prmise ____________ pleased all her children.
(2)The mther made a prmise ____________ she wuld buy new tys.
[分析] (1)that/which that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2)that that引导同位语从句。
[点拨] 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，对前面的名词做进一步解释，同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位。定语从句的引导词that在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语等，作宾语时可以省略；而同位语从句的引导词that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分，且不能省略。
4．(1)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t the place ____________ is the center f the twn.
(2)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t ____________ I live.
[分析] (1)that/which that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。(2)where where引导宾语从句。
5．(1)Our teacher did all ____________ he culd t help us.
(2)Our teacher did ____________ he culd t help us.
[分析] (1)that that引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语。(2)what what引导宾语从句。
6．(1)I will help thse ____________ are in need f help.
(2)I will help ____________ is in need f help.
[分析] (1)wh wh引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。(2)whever whever引导宾语从句。
[点拨] 定语从句与宾语从句的区别：定语从句一般有先行词，从句是用来说明、描述先行词的，先行词用关系代词代替，在从句中充当成分(注意是在从句中作成分，如作宾语、主语等)；而宾语从句则是整个从句在主句中作宾语，宾语从句就是主句的宾语，简单地说，动词、介词后面的从句基本上是宾语从句。
7．(1)She was nt ____________ she used t be.
(2)She was nt the wman ____________ she used t be.
[分析] (1)what what引导表语从句。
(2)that that引导定语从句并在从句中作表语。
[点拨] 定语从句与表语从句的区别：表语从句是系动词后的句子；而定语从句是跟在一个名词或句子后，对名词或句子起修饰或补充说明作用的句子。
易混点(四) 定语从句和固定句型
1．It was the time ____________ chinese peple had a hard life.
2．It is the first time____________ she has been in Shanghai.
[分析] 1.when when引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语。
2．that It is the 是固定句型。
易混点(五) 状语从句和并列句
1．____________ yu take this medicine, yu will be all right.
2．Take this medicine, ____________ yu will be all right.
[分析] 1.If if引导条件状语从句。
2．and and连接两个并列句。
易混点(六) 状语从句和名词性从句
1．I’ll try my best t help him, n matter ____________ turns t me fr help.
2．I will try my best t help ____________ turns t me fr help.
3．____________ turns t me fr help is welcme.
[分析] 1.wh n matter wh引导让步状语从句。
2．whever whever引导宾语从句。
3．Whever Whever引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
易混点(七) 状语从句和独立主格结构
1．____________ time permits, we’ll g camping.
2．Time____________ (permit), we’ll g camping.
[分析] 1.If if引导条件状语从句。
2．permitting 本句使用的是独立主格结构，其结构为“名词＋分词”。
一.单句语法填空
1．Getting up early has many benefits fr bth yur bdy ________ yur mind.
2．Getting that plastic ut f the water again is nearly impssible, ________ plicymakers shuld fcus n preventing any mre f it entering the ceans in the first place.
3．Mack is in the middle f his A-levels, ________ he is t impatient t finish the year, s he is taking a break frm his studies t attempt the wrld recrd.
4．Fr instance, yu have t add ingredients in the crrect rder, ________ ckies will be unpleasantly wet.
5．The bk creates a painting style that is bth classical ________ mdern.
6．In the fllwing years, ________Deng has dedicated himself t training, struggling fr an pprtunity t fly int space, he has always been inches away frm gd luck and has yet t make it.
7．Dad, yu are nly ne step away frm fulfilling yur dream. Yu must hld n t it, n matter ________awaits yu.
8．In additin, imprvement f teachers' prfessinal develpment cannt be ver emphasized ________ technlgy will never replace a knwledgeable teacher.
9. I feel I'm missing smething ________ I dn't eat yuanxia during the Lantern Festival.
10．One slutin t this prblem is t cllect and preserve the seeds f as many different species as we can ________ they disappear.
1．答案与解析：and 考查连词。句意：早起对你的身心都有很多好处。前后是并列关系，所以用连词and。
2．答案与解析：s 考查连词。句意：将塑料再次从水中取出几乎是不可能的，因此政策制定者首先应该专注于防止更多塑料进入海洋。根据语境和句意可知，此空前后两句有因果关系，应用连词s。
3．答案与解析：but 考查连词。句意：麦克的A级课程已经进行了一半，但是他太不耐烦了，不能完成这一年的课程，所以他要休学，去尝试打破世界纪录。结合句意可知，前后事情发生了转折，所以用转折连词but。
4．答案与解析：r 考查连词。句意：例如，你必须按照正确的顺序添加配料，否则饼干会变得潮湿，令人不快。分析句子逻辑可知，可知填r。
5．答案与解析：and 考查连词。句意：这本书创造了一种既古典又现代的绘画风格。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配，表示“不仅……而且……”，故填and。
6．答案与解析：while/althugh/thugh 考查让步状语从句。句意：在接下来的几年里，尽管Deng一直致力于训练，努力争取进入太空的机会，但他总是与好运近在咫尺，至今仍未实现。后文“he has always been inches away frm gd luck and has yet t make it”和前文之间存在转折关系，因位于句子开头部分，故此处可用从属连词while或althugh或thugh引导让步状语从句。
7．答案与解析：what 考查让步状语从句。句意：你必须坚持下去，不管等待你的是什么。根据句意和n matter可知，此处引导让步状语从句，n matter what“无论什么……”，连接代词what在从句中作主语，指代事物。故填what。
8．答案与解析：because/since/as 考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，教师专业发展的改善再怎么强调也不为过，因为技术永远不会取代知识渊博的教师。结合语境，上下句之间是因果关系，故填because/since/as。
9．答案与解析：if 考查状语从句。句意：如果我在元宵节期间不吃元宵，我觉得我错过了什么。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。
10．答案与解析：befre 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连词连接状语从句；结合句意可知，此处指在种子消失前，收集并保存它们。由此可知，空处需用连词befre“在……之前”。
二．语篇填空
Shaanxi kuaiban is a traditinal Chinese frm f strytelling in the Shaanxi dialect t the rhythm f bamb clappers. In June, it 1.________ (recgnize) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) at the natinal level. It can be perfrmed by a grup r alne.
The art frm can date back t the late Qing Dynasty. Accrding t its perfrmers, the art was 2.________ (rigin) used by farmers t share their knwledge and earn mney. 3.________ nw, mre peple perfrm Shaanxi kuaiban n different ccasins—fr example, at a great many festival 4.________ (celebrate), parties and art shws.
Yang Jinlng, 46, is an 5.________ (experience) Shaanxi kuaiban artist. He was intrduced t the art frm by his father, an amateur perfrmer, when he was 6, and ften went with him 6.________ (watch) kuaiban perfrmances.
“As a yung by, I was attached 7.________ the art frm because many f the stries are abut heres. The perfrmer tells stries while playing kuaiban, and it is easy fr the audience t remember the stries since all the lines rhyme，” Yang said. Since 2003, he 8.________ (teach) the art frm t yung peple.
“Art educatin is playing 9.________ imprtant rle in students in China. Just as many students learn t play Western musical instruments, there are many peple 10.________ (learn) traditinal Chinese flk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban，” Yang said.
主题语境：人与社会——文化——陕西快板及其传承人
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了国家级非物质文化遗产陕西快板及其传承人王金龙的学艺经历和为传播传统文化所做的努力等。
1．答案与解析：was recgnized 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，recgnize在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In June可知，时态用一般过去时；主语it (Shaanxi kuaiban)和recgnize之间形成了被动关系；主语为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recgnized。
2．答案与解析：riginally 副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词riginally。
3．答案与解析：But/Yet 连词。结合语境可知，前后句之间形成了转折关系，所以空处填But/Yet，注意首字母大写。
4．答案与解析：celebratins 名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面的名词复数parties和art shws形成并列关系，根据空前的a great many也可判断空处填名词复数celebratins。
5．答案与解析：experienced 词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填形容词修饰后面的名词artist，结合语境可知此处表示“经验丰富的”，所以空处填experienced。
6．答案与解析：t watch 非谓语动词。本句的第二个谓语动词是went, watch在句中为非谓语，结合语境“经常跟他一起去看快板表演”可知此处表目的，所以空处填不定式t watch。
7．答案与解析：t 介词。be attached t...“非常喜欢……，依恋/爱慕……”，是固定表达。
8．答案与解析：has been teaching/has taught 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。teach在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语Since 2003可知，时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语he和teach之间为主动关系；主语he为第三人称单数。所以空处填has been teaching/has taught。
9．答案与解析：an 冠词。play an imprtant rle in “在……发挥重要作用”，是常用搭配。
10．答案与解析：learning 非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是are, learn在句中为非谓语，与逻辑主语many peple之间是主谓关系，所以空处填learning。
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
表示转折、对比关系
but, yet(然而), while(然而，强调对比)
表示并列/递进关系
and, , nt (als)．.., 等
表示选择关系
r, , 等
表示因果关系
fr(一般不放在句首), s等
时间状语从句常用的引导词
befre在……之前
directly一……就……
by the time截至……
after在……之后
since自……以来
till/until直到……
when/while/as当……的时候
each time/every time每次
the mment立刻，马上
n 一……就……
nce一旦……就……
instantly一……就……
as sn as一……就……
immediately一……就……
一……就……
scarcely...一……就……
whenever/n matter when无论何时
by then截至那时
by nine ’clck截至9点钟
by the end f last year截至去年年底
by last year截至去年
by the end f next year截至明年年底
让步状语从句常用的引导词
thugh/althugh虽然
n matter+疑问词（wh/what/when/which/where/hw）无论
even if/even thugh即使
whever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/hwever无论
原因状语从句常用的引导词
because因为
since既然
nw that既然
as由于
seeing (that)由于，因为，鉴于
cnsidering (that)考虑到，鉴于
条件状语从句常用的引导词
in case万一
unless除非
as/s lng as只要
if如果
prvided (that)如果
prviding (that)如果
suppse (that)如果
suppsing (that)如果
n cnditin (that)如果
目的状语从句常用的引导词
结果状语从句常用的引导词
that，s that，in rder that
(s) that，(s...) that，(such...) that，
(s much/many...) that