[英语]河南省开封市2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测试卷

这是一份[英语]河南省开封市2024届高三下学期第二次质量检测试卷，共9页。试卷主要包含了填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写，提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考试时间：分钟 满分：分
姓名：____________ 班级：____________ 学号：____________
*注意事项：
1、填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写
2、提前 xx 分钟收取答题卡
第Ⅰ卷 客观题
第Ⅰ卷的注释
第Ⅱ卷 主观题
第Ⅱ卷的注释
一、阅读理解(共15题)
阅读理解
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1. Wh is an intended reader f this text?
A . A yung lady wh is planning t lse weight. B . A teenager wh is interested in nline curses. C . A man in his late 30s wh wants t live a healthy life. D . An elderly wman wh seeks t live lnger and better.
2. Which is NOT included in Gldster's classes?
A . Flwer arrangement. B . Fitness training. C . Sleep imprvement. D . Writing practice.
3. What is the type f this text?
A . A health reprt. B . An advertisement. C . An annuncement. D . An intrductin.
阅读理解
Despite an ever-higher bar t grab the attentin f students in large lecture hall, Tatiana Erukhimva, wh teaches physics at Texas A&M University, has managed t get her students, as well as future generatins, excited abut the science.
Knwn as "Dr. Tatiana", the prfessr perfrms physics tricks with bundless energy and enthusiasm in her vides. A range f everyday bjects are used in her experiments, frm pingpng balls and tilet paper t marshmallws, bicycle wheels and hair dryers. Vides f her dramatic demnstratins have received hundreds f millins f views acrss scial media platfrms.
Hwever, things aren't always easy. When she first started teaching cllege freshman classes tw decades ag, she als struggled t grab the attentin f her students. "I did nt grab their attentin n the first day-that was my mistake." she says. "I missed this pprtunity t bnd with them frm the very beginning, and then it tk me a while t find my vice."
By the secnd semester, she fund her fting, adjusting her apprach t get her students engaged. The key, she says, has been t make herself apprachable and her instructin persnal. And, f curse, add shwy demnstratins. "These demnstratins ften help students t cnnect these abstract cncepts with real life." she says.
Physics department head Grigry Rgachev says Erukhimva's wrk has helped bring visibility t the department, with abut 2. 5 millin subscribers n its department's YuTube page, which has translated t a bst in research funds and physics majr applicants.
As a leader in a STEM field in which wmen are underrepresented, she's becme a rle mdel fr sme. Afiya Dhanani attended Texas A&M University after seeing Erukhimva's vides nline. "Watching Dr. Tatiana d the experiments nline, especially since she was a female leader. Was mre inspiring fr me t even g int physics." Dhanani said in an interview with CBS Mrnings. That's all Erakhimva says she can hpe fr -making physics less frbidding and mre exciting.
4. What des Erukhimva's nline vides feature?
A . Rare materials. B . Energetic presentatin. C . Plain demnstratin. D . Prfessinal explanatin.
5. Which saying explains Erukhimva's initial failure t grab students' attentin 20 years ag?
A . All that glitters is nt gld. B . Sharp tls make gd wrk. C . First impressins are make r break. D . A fall int the pit, a gain in yur wit.
6. Hw des Erukhimva's wrk cntribute t the physics department?
A . It leads mre students t change their majrs. B . It makes mre peple t knw abut the department. C . It helps the department translate mre research papers. D . It attracts mre physics prfessrs t jin the department.
7. Which wrd best describes Erukhimva as a leader in a STEM field?
A . Inspiratinal. B . Underestimated. C . Cperative. D . Ambitius.
阅读理解
The taste f champagne as we knw it culd change beynd recgnitin in the cming years. As glbal temperatures cntinue t rise, the climate crisis pses a threat t the prductin f wine.
The supply f Chardnnay, Pint Nir and Pint Meunier, amng ther ppular wine-making grapes, are at risk. By 2050, abut 85% f the lands that we grw gd wine grapes n will n lnger prduce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible t even the mst subtle changes in weather. "Wine is kind f the canary （金丝雀） in the cal mine fr climate change impacts n agriculture because s much f the character f wine is tied t the lcal climate. said Benjamin Ck, a climate scientist. He published a paper in 2020 examining the effects f climate change n agriculture and hw the diversity f grapes can increase their resilience t such changes.
He adds that scientists are "seeing pretty much all plants, including wine grapevines, start their lifecycle in the grwing seasn earlier, and ften finish up earlier. Yu basically ripen yur fruit earlier and typically yu harvest earlier. In the Champagne regin f France, these changes can alter the distinctive persnalities f grapes grwn there. "If it matures t quickly, the rati f acidity and sugar might be different. "Ck said.
A grape's qualities are dependent n its envirnment. With a warming planet, it's harder t prduce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and bzier （酒精浓度高的）. "Fr instance, in a chardnnay grape, what yu're lking fr in a cler climate is generally an apple taste, whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grapes qualities t be mre like a trpical fruit, r even banana-like. "said Spiess.
One f the many ways farmers and winemakers are trying t alleviate the effects f climate change n grape prductin is site selectin. "Places like Belgium and the Netherlands and Sweden, they're experiencing psitive effects f climate change as the planet is warming. Spiess said. As different regins in the wrld experience the effects f climate change differently, they may start t have mre ideal climate cnditins fr wine making.
The dwnside fr thse Swedish winemakers? If thse champagne grapes aren't grwn in the Champagne regin f France, yu can't call it champagne, which is a prtected designatin f rigin.
S hw d yu say "bubbly" in Swedish?
8. Hw des the climate change threaten the prductin f wine?
A . By increasing the diversity f grapes. B . By increasing the cst f wine making. C . By intensify the cmpetitin between winemakers. D . By reducing the prductin f suitable wine-making grapes.
9. What des the underlined wrd "susceptible" in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A . Sensitive. B . Resistant. C . Adaptable. D . Tlerant.
10. Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A . The lifecycle f wine grapevines is becming lnger. B . A chardnnay grape may taste like banana in cler climate. C . Grapes' rati f acidity and sugar influences champagne's taste. D . Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
11. Which can be the best title f the text?
A . Will champagne becme sweeter? B . Why is champagne called champagne? C . Culd Champagne sn stp prducing champagne? D . What impact des climate change have n agriculture?
阅读理解
A fallacy is an errr in reasning based n pinin, misunderstanding, r intentinal misdirectin that makes an argument invalid. Cmmn causatin (因果关系) fallacies include thse f versimplificatin and exaggeratin, which ccur when actual causes f an event are reduced t the pint where cnnectins between causes and effects are blurred r buried.
Oversimplificatin is cmmn, which means reducing multiple causes t just ne r a few. Well-intentined writers and speakers can fall int the trap f versimplificatin if nt careful.
One mtivatin fr simplificatin is the basic advice given t writers: Dn't get stuck in details. In the prcess, hwever, a writer can leave ut t many details, even critical infrmatin. Anther cntributing factr t versimplificatin is the veruse f an imprtant tl in critical thinking called Oceam's Razr, a principle that states that the simplest explanatin that fits the data is the preferable ne. The prblem is that the simplest explanatin might nt always be the right-ne.
A writer creating an argument can assume that based n Occam's Razr, the simplest explanatin is likely true, but they must nt assume that is always the case. They must lk at all angles and cmplexities f an issue befre settling n the simplest explanatin.
Here is an example f versimplificatin:
Schl vilence has gne up and academic perfrmance has gne dwn since vide games featuring vilence were intrduced. Therefre, vide games with vilence shuld be banned, resulting in schl imprvement.
This argument exhibits versimplificatin because it assumes prblems in schls (increasing vilence, decreasing academic perfrmance can be attributed t a single cause: the time yung peple spend playing vide games that feature vilence). Varius ther factrs, including scial and ecnmic cnditins that may cntribute t a child's mental health, are ignred.
Related t the fallacy f versimplificatin is the fallacy f exaggeratin-multiplying a cuple f causes int many.
12. What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A . The causes f versimplificatin. B . The impact f versimplificatin. C . The definitin f versimplificatin. D . The characteristics f versimplificatin.
13. Hw d writers cmmit versimplificatin when creating an argument based n Occam's-Razr?
A . They cnsider an issue t be cmplicated. B . They lk at an issue frm different angles. C . They believe the simplest explanatin is likely true. D . They have abslute trust in the simplest explanatin.
14. Which f the fllwing statements is an example f versimplificatin?
A . The natin's lack f mral standards is caused by multiple factrs. B . The latest currency plicy takes full blame fr the declining ecnmy. C . She was saved because f the seal belt as well as dctrs' timely saving. D . The prblem f educatin nt just lies in teachers' failure f ding their jbs.
15. What might the authr discuss in the paragraphs that fllw?
A . Ways t avid versimplificatin. B . Mre examples f versimplificatin. C . Causes and examples f exaggeratin. D . The distinctin between exaggeratin and versimplificatin.
二、七选五(共1题)
七选五
Friends are incredibly imprtant peple in ur lives. Sme are with us fr decades. 16 Here are sme tips t remember if yu're prcessing the lss f a friend.
Smetimes things just dn't wrk ut.
17 In fact, peple, n average, lse abut half f their friends every seven years. One f the mst cmmn reasns thse relatinships end is that they just fell thrugh the cracks. Things didn't wrk ut. Nbdy really wanted the friendship t end, but peple gt busy and didn't intentinally maintain the friendship.
Make the unsaid said.
Smetimes, in friendship, peple dn't make the unsaid said. 18 And because they're never directly addressed, peple get t a pint where they want t end the friendship befre actually addressing the prblem. Actually, if they had intervened sner, they might have been able t save the friendship.
It's nrmal t feel grief.
When a friendship ends, there is a grieving prcess. Allw yurself t feel thse emtins and be patient. Instead f pushing yurself t cheer up, try thinking like this, "Of curse I'm upset. This is a natural part f intimacy (亲密关系) and lss. I lst smene I'm very clse t. 19
20
It's imprtant nt t blame yurself and be mean t yurself fr nt getting ver the lss f a friendship. Just because this happened like this desn't mean mre friendships will happen like this. Allw yurself t have a fresh perspective when yu enter new friendships. Yu dn't want t g int a new cnnectin fearfully.
A. That means I lve them deeply.
B. Be kind t yurself alng the way.
C. Find ways t enter a new friendship.
D. Small things can kind f accumulate.
E. Lsing friends is a regular part f life.
F. But nt all f them can stand the test f time.
G. When a clse friendship ends, the reasns are cmplicated.
三、完形填空（15空）(共1题)
完形填空
As Gnzales was 21 t the martial arts gym where he trained, he saw what lked like a plice pursuit. A(n) 22 man f medium build, 23 in a black T-shirt, was running frm a plice fficer. When Gnzales saw the fficer in need f 24 every element f the mral cde installed in him thrugh his Brazilian jiu-jitsu (巴西柔术) training tld him t 25 a hand.
Gnzales slwed dwn. S did the man being chased— avid 26 Gnzales's minivan. That 27 allwed the fficer t catch up and take the suspect t the grund. Hwever, he quickly realized that the fficer did nt have 28 f the situatin. The fficer was straddling (跨坐) him, but the suspect was abut t 29 the plice fficer ver. Gnzales jumped ut f his vehicle and 30 himself n the man's legs. 31 , his wife, Ortiz, used her phne t recrd the scene. Finally, the threat was ver.
But fr Gnzales, the ride was just beginning. Ortiz 32 the vide n Facebk, where it attracted ver 56 millin 33 . Amng thse awed by the vide was Brazilian jiu-jitsu 34 , a furth-degree black belt, wh stated, "The cmbinatin f Gnzales's technique and his cmmunicatin with bth the fficer and the suspect is 35 !"
21. A . jgging B . walking C . driving D . cycling
22. A . muscular B . ambitius C . humrus D . aggressive
23. A . wrn B . absrbed C . dressed D . buried
24. A . assistance B . emergency C . slutin D . actin
25. A . send B . lend C . shake D . hld
26. A . cming acrss B . hlding up C . breaking dwn D . running int
27. A . accusatin B . hesitatin C . adaptatin D . cmmunicatin
28. A . cnsciusness B . knwledge C . cntrl D . advantage
29. A . tip B . fight C . fall D . hand
30. A . abandned B . dragged C . pulled D . threw
31. A . Hwever B . Therefre C . Meanwhile D . Instead
32. A . dwnladed B . edited C . saw D . psted
33. A . custmers B . views C . cheers D . researches
34. A . instructr B . cnductr C . peratr D . inventr
35. A . heric B . mving C . understandable D . legendary
四、短文填空(共1题)
短文填空
2024 is "The Year f the Dragn" n the Chinese lunar calendar. But 36 that's the prper translatin f the icnic mythical symbl f China r nt has arused 37 (heat)debate.
The Western cncept f dragn is nt cnsistent with 38 f the Chinese dragn. Influenced by Greek mythlgy, the dragn is ften the keeper f treasure. Fr Eurpeans, dragn is usually a mnster 39 (keep) distances away frm peple. With fur legs and tw huge black wings, they can spit fire r even pisn gas ut f their muth. Cntrary 40 the evil image f Eurpean dragns, Chinese dragns symblize 41 (strng) and gdluck. In Chinese legends, dragns were appinted head f the fur seas, rulers f weather and water. Thse brn in the year f the Lng are believed 42 (be)interested in the wrld and willing t give a helping hand.
The differences in perceptin f the mythical creatures in China and the West 43 (rt)in their different cultural values. What is imprtant is that as we enter 44 new lunar year, peple 45 (glbal)appreciate the cultural values embdied in such Chinese symbls as Lng.
五、书面表达(共1题)
46. 假如你是李华， 你校外教Peter对中国传统美食很感兴趣， 请你给他写一封电子邮件推荐一种中国传统美食， 内容包括：1. 美食介绍； 2. 推荐理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,
I'm Li Hua frm Class 2.
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写(共1题)
47. 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My daughter and I were fans f Mister Rgers' Neighbrhd, an educatinal children's televisin series that was created and hsted by Fred Rgers, mre cmmnly knwn as Mister Rgers.
Arund my daughter's secnd birthday, I had a Mister Rgers-inspired idea. Why nt invite ne key persn in my daughter's wrld t dinner each mnth? The lcal children's librarian culd visit ne evening, and perhaps the brugh mayr （区长） culd drp by a few weeks later.
But I wanted t start at the tp. "Let's invite Mister Rgers himself, I said t my wife. "After all, he lives just a few neighbrhds away. I bet he'd cme. She lked at me as if I wanted t invite the President. "Yu really think Mister Rgers wuld cme t ur huse fr dinner? Fat chance.
Undeterred （不气馁的）, I sent a letter t Mister Rgers that fall, telling him f my newfund delight in his shw and my idea fr inviting neighbrhd peple ver t talk abut their lives, and asking him and Mrs. Rgers t be ur guests.
I tld my daughter abut the letter. Her eyes glistened （发光）. "Mister Rgers cming? Really, Daddy?"
One mnth later, n reply. My daughter hadn't frgtten and peridically asked when Mister Rgers wuld be visiting. I always tld her that he hadn't called yet and that it was a gd pprtunity t learn abut patience. Tw mnths later, n respnse. At the three-mnth mark, my wife simply rlled her eyes when I raised the tpic. I was beginning t lse ptimism. Mister Rgers had let me dwn.
Sadly, Mister Rgers passed away in late February f the fllwing year. I was unaware f his illness and nw understd why ur invitatin had gne unanswered. Mister Rgers wuld nt be cming t dinner after all. Yet, even after his passing, Mister Rgers gave us a far greater gift than I ever culd have imagined.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A week later, I was surprised t find a letter in ur mailbx frm Mister Rgers.
The letter is a treasured gift and his kind wrds tuched my life and my daughter. 题号
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