中考英语阅读理解答题技巧 课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解答题技巧 课件，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，真题实例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
解题时，一定要有“题型分类” 思想，因为不同的题型有不同的特征，不同的题型特征又对应着不同的解题技巧。根据题型的特征，阅读理解题型可分为：（1）细节理解题（2）主旨大意题（3）词义猜测题（4）推理判断题
细节理解题细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节理解题常见的提问形式：(1)特殊疑问词提问类型•When can yu g •Where •Hw many ways •We can learn frm the last paragraph that ______.•Yu may... because...
(2)True r NOT true 是非判断类型•Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in the passage?•Which f the fllwing is TRUE?•Which f the fllwing is NOT true?•Which f the fllwing is true EXCEPT________【关键词】 5W1H（WHAT, WHY, WHERE, WHO, WHICH, HOW）、TRUE、FALSE、EXCEPT 、NOT true
细节理解题的特点:1.正确答案常见特征为:等价替换 。凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。2. 干扰项常见错误有：（1）无中生有：文章中并未提及该对象；（2）张冠李戴：将若干个考查对象混淆；（3）以偏概全: 以部分代替所有；
解题技巧：1、划 2、定 3、比【步骤1】划：划出题干关键词定位关键词的选择原则：（1）明显定位标志大写字母数字敏感词(序数词，最高级，唯一性nly unique)
（2）核心含义定位优先选择n.最好所有n.都找到其次 adj / adv最后是v.注意：关键词数量一般2-4个最佳，以防1个词无法定位。
【步骤2】定：定位原文（句子/段落）【细节题出题点】（1）中心句(段首句，段尾句)（2）转折关系：hwever, but ,yet（3）因果关系：because，s（4）举例关系:fr example; fr instance；such as（5）敏感词(唯一性信息):最高级;序数词;nly, unique（6）特殊符号: ——、 “ ”、 ：、 （ ）、
【步骤3】比：对比原文和选项正确选项特征：（1）原文复现（2）同义替换（3）信息整合（4）语气委婉（may, might），无绝对化词汇（must, nly, never, nne）
干扰性特征：（1）无中生有（2）与原文相反（3）半错半对（4）偷换概念
主旨大意题主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”主旨大意题常见的提问形式：(1) The best title f this passage is...(2) What is the main purpse f the passage?(3) What is the passage mainly abut?(4) What's the main idea / tpic f the passage?【关键词】 main idea , title，purpse, mainly
【解题策略】策略1：利用转折词（but, yet, hwever, althugh ）定位并归纳主旨大意策略2：找出各个段落的主题句（疑问句/各段首句/尾句），概括文章中心。策略3：根据选项中关键词（名词），逆向推理并对照文章内容。
【原理】主题句+解释句+举例子+总结=TEEC1.主题句：我的同桌是一个可靠的人。2.解释句：她总是帮我保守秘密。3.举例子：记得又一次,考试的时候，抄袭...欺骗老师...不能欺骗老师。4.总结句：我的同桌真是一个可靠的人啊！问：这篇文章主要讲了什么？A.我的同桌是个值得信赖的人B.不要欺骗老师C.考试不要抄袭D.要替他人保守秘密。
正确选项的特点:（1）不含细节信息和表绝对意义的词,（2）中心词多为抽象名词（chance, general, difficult, way, necessary, imprtance，experience等）（3）能概括文章全部内容;干扰选项的特点:（1）细节性的描述（2）范围扩大（3）带有新出现的名词的选项（4）带有绝对化的选项(nly/must/always/never)
词义猜测题猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。词义猜测题常见的提问形式：1. What des the underlined wrd “…” mean?2. The underlined wrd “….” can be replaced by ________.3. The underlined wrd “…” prbably means ________.4. By saying “…”, the writer means ________.5. The wrd “…” in the passage prbably means ________.【关键词】mean ,meaning ,underlined
【解题策略】原理：信息有重复基本原则：忠于原文1、返回原文，找出该词出现的地方2、结合上下文，理解该单词的含义3、若是简单的熟悉词汇，其常规字面意思必定不是正确答案4、猜词题的答案经常隐藏在该词汇出现的地方5、寻找时应该注意中文标注，特殊标点，定语从句，及前后缀，特别注意前后句的逻辑关系。
猜测词义的方法主要有:【方法1】定义或解释说明【方法2】举例说明【方法3】同义词、近义词、反义词【方法4】逻辑关系提示
推理判断题中考阅读理解中，此类型题目着重考查文章的出处和读者等。推理判断题常见的提问形式：1.This passages is prbably frm _______.2. This passage is mainly written fr ____.3. This library guide is fr_______.4. We can prbably see the passage in _______.
1.常考文章来源相关单词bk review 书评schl reprt 科学报告magazine 杂志travel guide 旅游导游website 网站advertisement 广告nvel 小说pster 海报ntice 通知letter 书信newspaper 报纸instructin 说明书
2.常考文章读者相关单词teacher 教师parent 父母child 孩子student 学生visitr 参观者wrker 工作人员plice 警察teenager 青少年
【解题策略】1. 由已知推测未知，遵循“推理有据，忠于原文”的原则。解题要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文2. 结合有关背景知识或常识来进行分析与判断。如，报纸刊登事实报道，杂志期刊一般刊登健康、体育娱乐等指导信息，书评刊登书籍信息及感受。
3. 明确文章的体裁、题材和文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度。（1）故事类文章（娱乐读者，让人发笑,阐述哲理）（2）广告类文章（说服读者接受某种观点，传播信息）（3）科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类文章(告知读者某些信息)
BLike mst parents, mine spent much time advising me t take part in activities utside schl. Hwever, they never frced me, and I never fund anything I was interested in. Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.My parents were really pleased t hear I’d finally chsen dancing. They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years and I really enjy it. We are rganized int age grups, and at 16 I’m nw in the ldest class. There are classes f swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and flk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it. I als help ut leading sme f the yunger children.We als take part in events like lcal and even natinal dance shws, and relatives turn up t see their children perfrm. My parents are prud f me as they tell me all the time.Nw I’ll be t ld t cntinue dancing with the grup. Hwever, I have already made plans t cntinue with them. The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said “yes”!— By Julie, 16
26. Wh made Julie decide t jin the lcal dance grup?A. Her parents.B. Her teacher.C. Her friend.D. Herself.27. Accrding t Julie’s parents, what is mre imprtant t be successful?A. Interest.B. Hard wrk.C. Curage.D. Pride.28. When did Julie attend the dancing classes?A. 1 year ag.B. 2 years ag.C. 3 years ag.D. 4 years ag.29. What kind f dance is Julie gd at?A. Swing dance.B. Ballet.C. Street dance.D. Flk dance.30. Hw des Julie feel abut her future develpment?A. Unhappy.B. Clear.C. Scared.D. Wrried.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍自己遵从内心兴趣选择学习舞蹈，并且明确自己未来的发展。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.”可知，学校里的一个朋友告诉我当地有一个舞蹈团，问我是否想和她一起去。所以放学后我们去找舞蹈老师。她向我们解释了一切，我们俩都决定加入。由此可知，是作者自己想加入的，故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.”可知，他们认为，如果你培养了自己做某事的兴趣，就会更容易成功。故选A。【28题详解】
【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years”可知，我已经上了3年的舞蹈课了，所以是三年前加入的，故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据“I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it.”可知，我练习街舞，而且跳得很好。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said ‘yes’!”可知，这所舞蹈学校非常成功，正在开设新的课程。主任问我是否愿意当组长，我当然说“愿意”。由此可知，作者对于自己未来的规划非常明确，故选B。
CWarming temperatures and shrter winters might sund like the end f snw days. Hwever, rising temperatures may actually cause snwstrms t dump mre snw, says David Rbinsn. He is a prfessr at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.Temperature change is ne f the greatest in Earth’s climate change ver a lng perid f time. It can happen naturally r because f human activities, such as burning gas and cal. Burning these fuels prduces carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and ther pllutants int the atmsphere, which hld heat in the atmsphere, leading t warmer glbal temperatures ver time.But hw culd warmer temperatures lead t mre snw? T get snw, yu need misture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ r less), says Rbinsn. Withut misture in the air, there is n precipitatin (rain r snw). Rbinsn says there are signs that snwstrms are becming strnger. This is because f this cnnectin between misture and precipitatin.
“The warmer the air becmes, the mre misture it hlds. S, if it’s warming and still cld enugh t snw, yu can get mre snw,” Rbinsn says.Of the 10 biggest snwfalls in D. C. regin, five happened in the past 25 years, accrding t the NWS. During that same time perid, average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shrter and less cld. But fr nw, the snw is still falling. One day, winter might nt have any days belw the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay abve freezing, snwstrms becme rain. Until then, we might cntinue t see strng strms.Accrding t Rbinsn, that time culd cme sner than we think. He says, “When we lk back, years frm nw, we may see that this was the breaking pint.”
31. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?A. Hw Earth’s climate changes.B. What causes rising temperatures.C. What prduces carbn dixide.D. Hw pllutin influences climate.32. What will the warming temperatures cause accrding t the text?A. Less cal.B. Drier weather.C. Lnger winters.D. Strnger snwstrms.33. What is the purpse f paragraph 5?A. T intrduce D. C.B. T reprt the biggest 10 snwstrms.C. T supprt Rbinsn’s ideas.D. T shw the increase f temperatures.34. What des Rbinsn think f the future warming temperatures?A. Impssible.B. Serius.C. Meaningless.D. Amazing.35. Where is the text prbably taken frm?A. A science magazine.B. A stry bk.C. A science fictin.D. A travel guide.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels prduces carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and ther pllutants int the atmsphere, which hld heat in the atmsphere, leading t warmer glbal temperatures ver time.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据“Rbinsn says there are signs that snwstrms are becming strnger. This is because f this cnnectin between misture and precipitatin.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snwfalls in D. C. regin, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Rbinsn的观点。故选C。
【34题详解】推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might nt have any days belw the freezing temperature.”以及“Accrding t Rbinsn, that time culd cme sner than we think.”可推知，Rbinsn认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。