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精品解析：2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：2022届北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
This was memrable fr nt s gd reasns. We were camping n Fraser Island. I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach. After ___1___ fr sme time I decided I shuld ___2___ and head back t the camp. On ding this I met with an verly friendly Ding (澳洲野狗).
Nt thinking much abut it at the time and being my first ___3___ with it, I was all at sea-but kept n walking. But the Ding kept n walking t! I tried telling it t get away; n ___4___ frm the Ding. I then decided t try and mve arund the Ding; it kept mving with me, almst ___5___ what I was ding. I then tried ging int the water, thinking ___6___ the Ding wuldn’t want t cme in. I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!
At this pint I became a little ___7___ but luckily at that ___8___ mment a car driving by saw what was happening and beeped the hrn (喇叭), bth in rder t get my attentin and t ___9___ ff the Ding. I jumped nt the step and held n while the car drve me back up t the ___10___ safely. Safe t say that was the last time I went walking n my wn and I will never break int the wild animals’ habitats again.
1. A. waitingB. checkingC. skippingD. walking
2. A. mve verB. turn arundC. get utD. run away
3. A. trainingB. encunterC. gameD. tur
4. A. rewardB. answerC. reactinD. warning
5. A. mirrringB. suspectingC. ignringD. interrupting
6. A. clearlyB. surelyC. slwlyD. deeply
7. A. cnfusedB. inspiredC. excitedD. wrried
8. A. criticalB. strangeC. cmmnD. dramatic
9. A. putB. kickC. driveD. carry
10. A. islandB. frestC. campD. beach
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者独自离开营地去海滩散步时，遇到一只澳洲野狗，最终在一位汽车司机的帮助下安全回到营地的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：走了一段时间后，我决定转身回到营地。A. waiting等待；B. checking检查；C. skipping跳过；D. walking步行。根据上文“I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach.”可知，作者去海滩散步，走了一段时间后，决定回营地。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：走了一段时间后，我决定转身回到营地。A. mve ver挪开；B. turn arund转身；C. get ut外出；D. run away逃跑。根据下文“and head back t the camp”可知，作者决定转身回营地。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我没想得太多，第一次见到它时，我茫然不知所措，但还是继续往前走。A. training训练；B. encunter遇到；C. game打赌；D. tur旅游。根据上文“On ding this I met with an verly friendly Ding.”可知，此处表示作者第一次遇到这只澳洲野狗。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试着让它走开；野狗没有反应。A. reward奖励；B. answer回答；C. reactin反应；D. warning警告。根据下文“I then decided t try and mve arund the Ding”可知，此处表示作者尝试让野狗走开时，它没有反应，于是作者才尝试别的办法来驱赶这只野狗。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它一直跟着我走，就像我正在做的事情一样。A. mirrring映射；与十分相似；B. suspecting怀疑；C. ignring忽略；D. interrupting打断。根据上文“it kept mving with me”可知，这只野狗一直跟着作者走，像镜子一样模仿作者的动作，几乎和作者做的事情一样。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我试着潜入水中，认为野狗必定不想进来。A. clearly显然；B. surely必定；C. slwly慢慢地；D. deeply深深地。根据上文“I then tried ging int the water”以及语境可知，此处表示作者试着潜入水中，认为野狗必定不会跟着进来。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. cnfused困惑的；B. inspired受到启发的；C. excited兴奋的；D. wrried担心的。根据上文“I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!”可知，野狗一直跟着作者，所以作者开始有一些担心。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. critical关键的；B. strange奇怪的；C. cmmn普通的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据上文“I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!”可知，此处表示作者已经进入水中，并且野狗仍然跟着作者，作者意识到这很危险，但是在这个关键时刻，一个司机救了作者。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. put放；B. kick踢；C. drive驱赶；D. carry携带。根据下文“ff the Ding”可知，此处表示汽车司机按响喇叭是为了驱赶野狗，drive sb. ff表示“驱赶某人”。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我跳上踏板，紧紧抓住，汽车把我安全地送回营地。A. island岛；B. frest森林；C. camp营地；D. beach海滩。根据上文“I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach.”可知，作者是从营地离开的，此处表示作者安全回到了营地。故选C项。
第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Tw firefighters ___11___ (wait) in line at a fast-fd restaurant when the siren (警报器) sunded n their fire engine utside. As they turned t leave, a cuple wh ___12___ (receive) their rder a mment ag handed their fd t the firefighters. The cuple then gt back in line t rerder. ___13___ (appreciate) their selfless act as a reward, the manager refused t take the cuple’s mney.
【答案】11. were waiting
12. had received
13. T appreciate
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了两名消防员在快餐店排队时警笛响起了，他们转身离开时一对夫妇把自己的食物给了消防员，快餐店经理为了感谢这对夫妇的无私而拒绝收他们的钱。
【11题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：两名消防员正在一家快餐店排队，这时外面消防车的警笛响了。根据时间状语从句“when the siren(警报器) sunded n their fire engine utside”可知，从句用的是一般过去时，此处指外面消防车的警笛响起时正在发生的事情，主句应用过去进行时，主语firefighters是名词复数，be动词用were，故填were waiting。
【12题详解】
考查过去完成时。句意：当他们转身离开时，一对刚刚收到订单的夫妇把他们的食物递给了消防员。结合句意可知，此处表示“一对刚刚收到订单的夫妇把他们的食物递给了消防员”，receive表示的动作发生在谓语动词handed之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had received。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了感谢他们无私的行为，作为回报，经理拒绝接受这对夫妇的钱。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填T appreciate。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Have yu ever thught abut having anther finger? Researchers at University Cllege Lndn have develped a rbtic 3D-printed “third thumb”. The thumb is wrn n the side f the hand ppsite the actual thumb. Vlunteers ___14___ (wear) the third thumb culd carry ___15___ (many) bjects than usual, and hld and pen a sft drink bttle with ne hand. Als, human brains can adapt t the use f an extra thumb ___16___ (easy).
【答案】14. wearing
15. mre 16. easily
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是伦敦大学的研究人员发明了一种3D打印机器人，能打印第三个拇指。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：戴着第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时携带更多的东西，并可以用一只手握住和打开一个软饮料瓶子。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“culd carry”，空格处用非谓语动词做后置定语，Vlunteers和wear之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词wearing表主动，故填wearing。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：戴着第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时携带更多的东西，并可以用一只手握住和打开一个软饮料瓶子。由than可知，空格处用比较级mre，故填mre。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外，人类的大脑可以很容易地适应使用额外的拇指。空格处用副词修饰动词“adapt t”，easy的副词是easily，意为“容易地”，故填easily。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Lanzhu, 9th August 2017. A grup f scientists frm different ___17___ (cuntry) were wrking tgether t help increase knwledge and appreciatin f China’s ancient cultural heritage. They were recrding and cllecting digital images f cultural relics frm the Mga Caves ___18___ had been a key stp alng the Silk Rad thrughut China’s ancient histry. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital phtgraphs ___19___ (prduce) since the internatinal prject started in 1994. By sharing s many digital phts ___20___ the Internet, the grup hpes t prmte even wider interest arund the wrld.
【答案】17. cuntries
18. which##that
19. have been prduced
20. n##ver
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述一批来自中国和其他国家的科学家正在共同努力记录和收集莫高窟的文物数字图象，通过在互联网上分享数码照片，他们希望在全世界范围内提高人们对中国古代历史、文化和传统的更广泛的兴趣。
【17题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：一群来自不同国家的科学家正在共同努力，帮助提高对中国古代文化遗产的认识和欣赏。cuntry国家，是可数名词，由空前的different可知，此处应用复数形式。故填cuntries。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像，莫高窟在中国古代历史上是丝绸之路的关键一站。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the Mga Caves，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导。故填which/that。
【19题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自1994年该国际项目开始以来，已制作了近50万张高质量数码照片。由“since the internatinal prject started in 1994”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语phtgraphs和动词prduce之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have been prduced。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：通过在互联网上分享如此多的数码照片，该组织希望能在世界各地促进更广泛的兴趣。结合句意可知，此处指“在互联网上”或“通过互联网”，用介词n或ver均可。故填n/ver。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
After a tw-year pause, ur summer prgram in Madrid is back. A traditin f 62 years has made Rllins’ Veran Espanl the mst ppular abrad prgram n campus.
Prgram Highlights：
•Earn 8 Rllins credit hurs (tw curses) in 6 weeks
•Small class sizes, 8 students max. per class
•All levels f Spanish prficiency allwed (frm nthing t advanced)
•Stay at a centrally lcated drm
•Full rientatin during arrival weekend: Airprt pick up, transprtatin t the drms
•Internship (实习) ptin/Included weekend lng trip t the scenic muntain twn f Candelari/weekly cultural activities
Veran Espanl: a Rllins Traditin
•Rllins’ Veran Espanl (Spanish Summer) celebrates its 62nd anniversary and is ne f the ldest and mst prestigius American summer study prgrams in Spain.
•INB students: D yu knw that yu can cmplete yur language, internatinal experience and internship requirements in just 6 weeks in Madrid?
•Internships available at IFEMA, the Trade Fair Institutin f Madrid, with ver 30 year experience f staging trade fairs, it is the mst imprtant f its kind in Spain and ne f the leaders in Eurpe.
Veran Espail: Why Madrid?
Fr its unique blend f culture, histry, fd, and fun, Marid is ne f the wrld’s tp destinatins. It is ne f the wrld’s mst lively cities, with unparalleled cultural fferings and a vibrant nightlife. Accrding t Lnely Planet, “N city n earth is mre alive than Madrid, an attractive place whse sheer energy carries a simple message: this is ne city which really knws hw t live.”
Last infrmatin sessin: Thursday, Feb. 10th. Bieberbach-Reed (Campus Center, by the Marketplace). Stp by anytime between 12:30 — 1:30 pm.
Prgram applicatin deadline: March 28, 2022
Prgram Travel Dates:14 May — 25 June, 2022
Additinal Infrmatin:
httpwww. rllins.edu/internatinal-prgrams
Cntact Dr. Albert Priet-Calixt: apcalixt@rllins.edu
21. By participating in the prgram, yu can __________.
A. take classes with big sizeB. live at the cuntryside drm
C. enjy trips during weekdaysD. gain the pprtunity fr internship
22. Accrding t Lnely Planet, Madrid is chsen as the prgram’s destinatin mainly fr its __________.
A. climateB. lcatinC. cultureD. scenery
23. When will the prgram get started accrding t the passage?
A. On February 10th.B. On March 28th.C. On May 14th.D. On June 25th.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是一个在马德里的西班牙语课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Highlights部分的“•Internship (实习) ptin/Included weekend lng trip t the scenic muntain twn f Candelari/weekly cultural activities (•实习选择/包括周末前往风景优美的山城Candelari的长途旅行/每周的文化活动)”可知，通过参与该项目，你可以获得实习机会，故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Veran Espail: Why Madrid?部分的“N city n earth is mre alive than Madrid, an attractive place whse sheer energy carries a simple message: this is ne city which really knws hw t live. (地球上没有哪个城市比马德里更有活力，一个充满吸引力的地方，其纯粹的能量传递着一个简单的信息：这是一个真正懂得如何生活的城市。)”可知，据《孤独星球》报道，马德里被选为该项目的目的地主要是因为它的文化，故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Travel Dates部分的“14May-25June, 2022 (活动时间：2022年5月14日至6月25日)”可知，这个项目5月14日开始，故选C。
B
It started as a typical ht, dusty mrning in a small twn in the Peten regin f Guatemala. As the mrning prgressed, the twn became crwded with peple streaming in frm miles arund. Sme came by bus, thers n mtrcycles, bicycles and n ft. Filled with hpe, they had cme t attend a Seva-spnsred screening camp rganized by ur lngtime lcal partner Visualiza.
Wrd traveled quickly that the team had returned, ffering free care t anyne with an eye prblem. Over tw days,700 peple waited patiently t have their eyes examined at the temprary clinic that had been set up in the center f twn.
The first mrning, the line spilled ut f the frnt dr. Many sught shelter frm the unrelenting sun beneath umbrellas. A mther brught her nine-year-ld daughter Wendy, hping the dctrs culd restre sight t her blind eye. Five years ag, Wendy had lst visin in her eye after accidentally being bumped in the head while playing with friends.
Making their way thrugh the series f exam statins, Wendy and her mther learned that Visualiza’s phthalmlgists might be able t help her see again by perating n her eye. The dctrs infrmed them that a cataract (白内障) that had frmed after the injury was causing her visin lss.
Wendy was scheduled fr surgery, which wuld take place the next mrning at Visualiza’s utreach clinic. Transprtatin was arranged fr Wendy and her mther, alng with all f the ther patients wh had been identified as requiring sight-restring surgery. Of the 25 patients wh barded the clinic’s bus, Wendy was the nly child.
The next mrning after a successful surgery, the eye patch was remved and Wendy slwly pened her eyes. Fr the first few days, Wendy’s visin was a little blurry. But after being fitted with a pair f prescriptin glasses, Wendy’s fllw-up exam shwed that her visin had cme back nicely and the surgery had been a great success! With visin restred, Wendy can nw see clearly and is excited t be returning t schl. Thanks t Seva dnrs, Wendy’s future is bright and full f ptential.
24. Hw did peple feel when waiting t have their eyes examined?
A. Hpeful.B. Nervus.C. Impatient.D. Thankful.
25. Wendy lst her visin because _______________.
A. she kept lking at the sun fr a lng timeB. she had her head bumped by accident
C. she had a failed peratin n eyesD. she was brn with an eye disease
26. What mainly cntributes t Wendy’s happy ending?
A. The fast transprtatin.B. The prescriptin glasses.
C. The successful surgery.D. The fllw-up exam.
27. What message des the authr want t express?
A. Treasure yur sight befre it’s getting wrse.
B. Helping thse in need makes a difference.
C. Opprtunity favrs the prepared mind.
D. Free yurself frm the dark time.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了由Seva赞助的筛选营为人们提供帮助，让一个九岁的女孩温迪恢复视力，拥有光明未来的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Over tw days,700 peple waited patiently t have their eyes examined at the temprary clinic that had been set up in the center f twn.(在两天的时间里，700人耐心地等待着在市中心设立的临时诊所接受眼睛检查。)”可知，人们耐心地排队等待检查眼睛，希望恢复健康，由此可推知，人们在等待时是充满希望的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years ag, Wendy had lst visin in her eye after accidentally being bumped in the head while playing with friends.(五年前，温迪在和朋友玩耍时头部意外被撞伤，导致眼睛失明。)”可知，温迪眼睛失明是因为她不小心撞到了头。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The next mrning after a successful surgery, the eye patch was remved and Wendy slwly pened her eyes. Fr the first few days, Wendy’s visin was a little blurry. But after being fitted with a pair f prescriptin glasses, Wendy’s fllw-up exam shwed that her visin had cme back nicely and the surgery had been a great success!(手术成功后的第二天早上，眼罩被移除，温迪慢慢睁开了眼睛。最初几天，温迪的视力有点模糊。但在配戴了一副处方眼镜后，温迪的后续检查显示她的视力恢复得很好，手术非常成功！)”可知，温迪的视力恢复得很好，获得了幸福的结局，是因为她的手术非常成功。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“With visin restred, Wendy can nw see clearly and is excited t be returning t schl. Thanks t Seva dnrs, Wendy’s future is bright and full f ptential.(视力恢复后，温迪现在能看得很清楚，很高兴能回到学校。多亏了Seva捐赠者，温迪的未来是光明的，充满潜力。)”可知，在Seva的帮助下，急需帮助的温迪恢复了视力，获得了光明的未来，所以作者通过本文想要表达帮助那些需要帮助的人会产生影响。故选B项。
C
Few dishes taste better than a juicy cut f beef. One survey in 2014 fund that steak was Americans’ favrite fd. Unfrtunately, by cking s many cws, humans are cking themselves, t.
The influence f fd n greenhuse-gas (GHG) emissins (排放) can slip under the radar. In a survey in Britain last year, the share f answerers saying that “prducing plants and meat n farms” was a “significant cntributr” t climate change was the lwest amng ten listed activities. Yet tw papers published this year in Nature Fd find that fd, especially beef, creates mre GHGS than previusly thught.
This March researchers frm the Eurpean Cmmissin and the UN’s Fd and Agriculture Office released a study estimating that the glbal fd system was respnsible fr 34% f GHG in 2015. The paper assigns the full impact f defrestatin t the agriculture that results frm it;includes emissins after fd is sld(such as frm waste and cking);and cunts nn-fd crps like cttn. But even when the authrs tk away emissins frm surces like transprt and packaging they still fund that agriculture generated 24% f GHGS.
Anther recent paper, by Xiaming Xu f the University f Illinis and eight c-authrs, allcates (分配) this impact amng 171 crps and 16 animal prducts. It finds that animal-based fds accunt fr 57% f agricultural GHGS, versus 29% fr fd frm plants. Beef and cw’s milk alne made up 34%. Cmbined with the earlier study’s results, this implies that cattle prduce 12% f GHG emissins.
Relative t ther fd surces, beef is uniquely carbn-intensive. Because cattle emit methane (甲烷) and need large grasslands that are ften created by cutting mre frests, they prduce seven times as many GHGS per calrie f meat as pigs d. This makes beef a bigger share amng fds than cal is amng surces f electricity.
The simplest way t cut beef utput is fr peple t eat ther animals instead, r becme vegetarians. But cnvincing peple t give up their burgers is a tall rder.
Frtunately, lab-grwn meats are mving frm Petri dishes (培养皿) t high-end restaurants. Ding withut beef frm live cattle is hard t imagine, but the same was true f cal 100 years ag. Lab-grwn meat culd play an essential rle in slwing a climate disaster.
28. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 can prbably be replaced by ____________.
A. be detected by radarB. be ignred by peple
C. be explained by expertsD. be cntrlled by gvernment
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Lab-grwn meats will replace ther meats in the future.
B. Quitting steak may be an efficient way t reduce GHG.
C. Prducing beef generates mre GHG than burning cal.
D. Beef transprt is the majr cntributr f GHG emissins.
30. The authr mentins the cal in the last paragraph just t shw ____________.
A. the imprtance f bth lab-grwn beef and calB. the difficulty t prduce the lab-grwn meat
C. the necessity f beef frm live cattleD. the future f lab-grwn beef
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了动物尤其是牛在整个食物链上对对温室气体排放的不良影响。呼吁人们吃其他动物，或者成为素食者，并指出实验室培育的肉类可能在减缓气候灾难方面发挥重要作用。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“In a survey in Britain last year, the share f answerers saying that “prducing plants and meat n farms” was a “significant cntributr” t climate change was the lwest amng ten listed activities.”（去年在英国进行的一项调查中，回答者认为”农场生产植物和肉类”是造成气候变化的”重要因素”的人数比例，在所列的10项活动中排名最低。）可知，食物对温室气体(GHG)排放的影响可能不人们忽视。所以划线部分的意思是“被人们忽视”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Relative t ther fd surces, beef is uniquely carbn-intensive. Because cattle emit methane(甲烷)and need large grasslands that are ften created by cutting mre frests, they prduce seven times as many GHGS per calrie f meat as pigs d. This makes beef a bigger share amng fds than cal is amng surces f electricity.”（相对于其他食物来源，牛肉是唯一的碳密集型食品。因为牛会排放甲烷，而且需要大草原，而大草原往往是砍伐更多的森林造成的，所以每消耗一卡路里的肉，牛产生的温室气体是猪的七倍。这使得牛肉在食品中的份额比煤炭在电力来源中的份额还要大。）以及最后一段“Lab-grwn meat culd play an essential rle in slwing a climate disaster.”（实验室培育的肉类可能在减缓气候灾难方面发挥重要作用）由此判断出，不吃牛排可能是减少温室气体排放的有效方法。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Frtunately, lab-grwn meats are mving frm Petri dishes(培养皿)t high-end restaurants. Ding withut beef frm live cattle is hard t imagine, but the same was true f cal 100 years ag.”（幸运的是，实验室培养的肉类，正从培养皿转移到高档餐厅。很难想象没有活牛的牛肉，但100年前的煤炭也是如此。）可知，作者在最后一段提到了煤炭，只是为了展示实验室培育牛肉的未来。故选D项。
D
The wrd “rbt” was cined in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek meaning fully functinal servants. Fr mst f their histry, rbts have been inelegant mechanical devices sitting ut f sight in factries. Things are starting t change, hwever. Rbts are leaving carefully managed industrial settings fr everyday life and, in the cming years, will increasingly wrk in supermarkets, clinics, scial care and much mre.
They culd nt be cming at a better time. Many industries are facing a shrtage f labr — the demand fr wrkers has recvered much faster than expected and sme peple have left the wrkfrce, particularly in America. Warehusing (仓库) has grwn rapidly thanks t the e-cmmerce bm. Rbts are picking items ff shelves and helping peple pack a rising numbers f bxes. They are even beginning t mve slwly alng sme pavements, delivering gds r fd right t peple’s drs. Nwadays, shrt f wrkers but with lts f elderly flk t lk after, having mre rbts t bst prductivity wuld be a gd thing.
And yet many peple fear that rbts will destry jbs. A paper in 2013 by ecnmists at Oxfrd University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% f American jbs were at risk f being autmated.
In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn. The evidence suggests rbts will be ultimately beneficial fr labr markets. Japan and Suth Krea have the highest rbt usage rate but very strng wrkfrces. A Yale University study that lked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 fund that an increase f ne rbt unit per 1,000 wrkers bsted a cmpany’s emplyment by 2.2%. Research frm the Bank f Krea fund that rbtizatin mved jbs away frm manufacturing int ther sectrs, but that there was n decrease in verall vacancies.
Fr all that, the march f the rbts will bring big changes t wrkplaces, t. One suppsed example f “bad autmatin” is self-service checkuts in supermarkets, because they displace human wrkers. But rbts culd perfrm unpleasant wrk. Checkut staff wh retrain t help custmers pick items frm aisles (传送带) may find that dealing with peple in need is mre rewarding than spending all day swiping barcdes in frnt f lasers. In additin, as jbs change, wrkers shuld be helped t acquire new skills, including hw t wrk with and manage the rbts that will increasingly be their clleagues.
The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge. In Capek’s play, the rbts revlt(反抗)against their human masters and cause mass unemplyment and wrse. Hwever, the beginnings f the wrld’s real rbts have nt matched Capek’s assumptin. S there is n need t cncern abut their future.
31. The authr mentins the tw researches in paragraph 4 t ____________.
A. prve an argumentB. intrduce an apprach
C. present an assumptinD. highlight an experiment
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. New skills will be acquired by wrkers with the help f rbts.
B. The mre rbts are used, the greater emplyment it can bring.
C. Rbts will betray their human masters and cause wrse prblems.
D. Checkut staff in supermarkets may be happier t d with peple in need.
33. Twards wide spread f rbts, the authr is ____________.
A. apprvedB. neutralC. ppsedD. dubtful
34. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. Future Risk: Jbs Being Autmated
B. Rbt Revlutin: Causes f Changes
C. Wrkplace Autmatin: Rise f Rbts
D Rbtizatin: Slutin t Unemplyment
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人进入日常生活后给人们带来便利以及由此人们出现的担忧。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn. The evidence suggests rbts will be ultimately beneficial fr labr markets. Japan and Suth Krea have the highest rbt usage rate but very strng wrkfrces.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。有证据表明，机器人最终将有利于劳动力市场。日本和韩国的机器人使用率最高，但劳动力非常强大。）”可知，作者在第四段段首首先提出自己的观点，然后紧接着用耶鲁大学和韩国银行研究人员提供的数据支持了这一观点。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One suppsed example f “bad autmatin” is self-service checkuts in supermarkets, because they displace human wrkers. But rbts culd perfrm unpleasant wrk. Checkut staff wh retrain t help custmers pick items frm aisles(传送带)may find that dealing with peple in need is mre rewarding than spending all day swiping barcdes in frnt f lasers.（超市的自助结账是一个糟糕的自动化的例子，因为它们取代了人力。但是机器人可能会做出做令人不快的表现。收银员人员经过再培训，帮助客户从传送带拿取商品，他们发现帮助需要帮助的人比只是单纯的在扫描仪扫码结账更能感觉到自己的努力有所回报）”可知，收银人员更愿意与人打交道，更愿意帮助人。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“They culd nt be cming at a better time.（他们来得正是时候。）”，第四段“In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。）”以及最后一段“The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge.（机器人革命带来的潜在收益是巨大的。）”可知，机器人进入生活以来，对于失业率的影响被夸大了，实际上给人类带来的收益的是巨大的，所以作者对机器人的大规模使用是认可的。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“hwever. Rbts are leaving carefully managed industrial settings fr everyday life and, in the cming years, will increasingly wrk in supermarkets, clinics, scial care and much mre.（然而机器人正在离开精心管理的工业环境，进入日常生活。在未来几年，机器人将越来越多地在超市、诊所、社会护理等领域工作。）”和最后一段“The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge. In Capek’s play, the rbts revlt(反抗)against their human masters and cause mass unemplyment and wrse. Hwever, the beginnings f the wrld’s real rbts have nt matched Capek’s assumptin. S there is n need t cncern abut their future.（机器人革命带来的潜在收益是巨大的。恰佩克的假设中，机器人对抗人类并导致大规模失业。然而，世界上真正的机器人的诞生并不符合恰佩克的假设。所以没有必要担心他们的未来）”可知，本文主要讲述机器人在日常生活中的使用变多。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When we feel exhausted, ur brains want t save mental energy by directing ur fcus t the mst readily available, recallable infrmatin t help us make decisins quickly. We ften d the thing that feels right, r rush t judgment withut prper cnsideratin. ___35___ It’s the reasn why if yu speak Spanish, it’s much easier t learn Italian than Japanese. It’s als why many peple think tw single dllar bills are mre valuable than a single tw-dllar bill.
___36___ Or, we are willing t mve tward things that make us feel gd and away frm things that make us feel uncmfrtable.
Yet, we knw hard actins can bring benefits -nes that may nt be visible fr sme time. ___37___ Maybe we d this because we have an insight r a requirement frm dctr. When we g fr that initial run, it desn’t feel gd. Neither des the run after that. Our muscles hurt. The mney we’ve spent n the new hbby causes frictin in ur husehld. It cntinues t signal the reasns we shuld g back t the way it was befre.
S, hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?
• ___38___ A 2016 study fund that when peple are upset, they’ re less likely t try t d hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re mre likely t take n the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better.
•Give ur brains the right amunt f autnmy. When we have a chice, ur brains ften want smething easy. ___39___
Ding things that feel uncmfrtable and liking hard wrk can seem cunterintuitive (反直觉的). But by understanding what’s ging n in yur brain, instead f depending n yur first feeling, yu can wrk tward cmpleting hard things and manage yur fears better.
A. Think abut starting a new exercise rutine.
B. Tackle hard things when we’re in a gd md.
C. Accmplish hard things by having the supprts f thers.
D. The result is that many f us tend t d what simply feels right.
E. The brain des this because it’s much easier t prcess existing ideas than new nes.
F. But there are still sme peple keeping with it t the end regardless f these difficulties.
G. But we can reduce that respnse by challenging urselves t be innvative and prvide mtives.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了一种现象：我们的大脑总是倾向于遵循惯用思维和直觉、喜欢做出省事、让自己舒适的选择。但生活中总有些行之不易却大有裨益的事情，文章就如何克服大脑的惰性做好困难的事情给出了建议。
【35题详解】
空白前句指出“We ften d the thing that feels right, r rush t judgment withut prper cnsideratin.(我们往往会做感觉正确的事，或是不经过合理的考虑就匆匆下了结论)”即经验和惯有思维会影响我们的判断，E选项“大脑会这样做是因为处理已有的想法比处理新想法容易得多”中的des this正是指代前句中的行为，且符合后句所举的学过西班牙语的人再学意大利语要更容易这一例子的理由。故选E项。
【36题详解】
空白后句以Or开头，表达了“we are willing t mve tward things that make us feel gd and away frm things that make us feel uncmfrtable.(我们愿意去做让自己感觉良好的事，而远离那些让自己不适的事情)”，这显然是与上一段文意顺承的，Or应作“或者”理解，即对空白句的另一种解释。D选项“结果就是我们许多人都倾向于直觉上正确的事”顺承前文给出论点，且与后句表达含义一致。故选D项。
【37题详解】
空白前句指出“Yet, we knw hard actins can bring benefits -nes that may nt be visible fr sme time.(不过，我们知道困难的行动会带来好处——这些好处可能短时间看不出来)”，A选项“想想开始一个新的锻炼日常”符合hard actins，且与下一句解释的“这样做是因为对自身的理解或是来自医生的要求”也是相符的。故选A项。
【38题详解】
本段与下一段都是针对“hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?(当大脑不断地告诉我们不要努力时如何做好困难的事)”给出的建议。空白作为段首句，后面两句指出“A 2016 study fund that when peple are upset, they’ re less likely t try t d hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re mre likely t take n the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. (2016年的一项研究发现当人们情绪低落时，不太可能会尝试做困难的事。当他们感到积极向上时，更有可能承担那些困难但重要的任务，最终会让生活变得更好)”，言下之意即困难的事务更适合在情绪良好时去完成，这与B选项“当你情绪良好时，去处理困难的事务”表达的含义相符。故选B项。
【39题详解】
本段与下一段都是针对“hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?(当大脑不断地告诉我们不要努力时如何做好困难的事)”给出的建议。前两句指出“Give ur brains the right amunt f autnmy. When we have a chice, ur brains ften want smething easy.(给我们的大脑一定的自主权。当我们要作出选择时，我们的大脑往往会想要简单些的)”，G选项“但我们可以通过挑战自我减少这种反应，从而变得更有创意、更富动力”与前文构成转折，其中的that respnse呼应前文大脑的反应，符合针对做好困难的事给出的建议。故选G项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take sme time t develp.
Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist. “They becme better at imagining smene else’s perspective and this stimulates mre intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children ften have a practical view f friendship frming clse bnds with peers in the playgrund r classrm, says Kennedy-Mre. “It is a ‘lve the ne yu’re with’ apprach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage ver adults is that they are in the rm with 25 thers in their stage f life,” she says. “In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance (相识的人) t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.
Psychlgists say best friendships can help children prepare fr clse relatinships, including rmantic nes, as they grw up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in lve, “says Kennedy-Mre.
“Clse friendships in childhd help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relatinships thrughut their lives. They learn abut ther peple and abut themselves, t deal with feelings like envy, lneliness, and sadness.”
“If children dn’t talk abut friends at hme, it desn’t mean they dn’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style f interacting with thers.
Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”
40. What capacity d children develp frm abut the age f fur accrding t Kennedy-Mre?
41. What is the disadvantage fr adults t develp friendships cmpared with children?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
43. List sme ther ways yu usually use t develp r maintain yur friendship.(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
41. It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
42. Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
第二节：书面表达(20分)
44. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim听说你校3月份举行了“高考百日誓师”大会，对此他很感兴趣，请依据下列信息，给他回信，介绍此次活动。
1. 时间与地点;
2. 主要内容和目的;
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin 高考百日誓师
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am very glad t receive yur letter in which yu shwed yur interest in the “the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin” held by ur schl in March. Here, I wuld like t tell yu sme details abut this activity.
The event was held in the schl ftball field n March 12, whse purpse was t stimulate students t prepare fr the cllege entrance examinatin and relieve senir three students’ tensin. The activity included a pledge by all the teachers and students f senir three and related cmmunicatin activities fr senir three students.
In my pinin, the activity was a great success. After the activity, the students studied harder than befre.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，给他介绍你校3月份举行的“高考百日誓师”大会的相关情况，内容包括：1. 时间与地点；2. 主要内容和目的；3. 你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
目的：purpse→aim
激励：stimulate→inspire
在某人看来：in ne’s pinin→as far as sb. be cncerned
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In my pinin, the activity was a great success. After the activity, the students studied harder than befre.
拓展句：In my pinin, the activity was a great success, after which the students studied harder than befre.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am very glad t receive yur letter in which yu shwed yur interest in the “the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin” held by ur schl in March. (运用了“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】The event was held in the schl ftball field n March 12, whse purpse was t stimulate students t prepare fr the cllege entrance examinatin and relieve senir three students’ tensin. (运用了whse引导的非限制性定语从句)
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
This was memrable fr nt s gd reasns. We were camping n Fraser Island. I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach. After ___1___ fr sme time I decided I shuld ___2___ and head back t the camp. On ding this I met with an verly friendly Ding (澳洲野狗).
Nt thinking much abut it at the time and being my first ___3___ with it, I was all at sea-but kept n walking. But the Ding kept n walking t! I tried telling it t get away; n ___4___ frm the Ding. I then decided t try and mve arund the Ding; it kept mving with me, almst ___5___ what I was ding. I then tried ging int the water, thinking ___6___ the Ding wuldn’t want t cme in. I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!
At this pint I became a little ___7___ but luckily at that ___8___ mment a car driving by saw what was happening and beeped the hrn (喇叭), bth in rder t get my attentin and t ___9___ ff the Ding. I jumped nt the step and held n while the car drve me back up t the ___10___ safely. Safe t say that was the last time I went walking n my wn and I will never break int the wild animals’ habitats again.
1. A. waitingB. checkingC. skippingD. walking
2. A. mve verB. turn arundC. get utD. run away
3. A. trainingB. encunterC. gameD. tur
4. A. rewardB. answerC. reactinD. warning
5. A. mirrringB. suspectingC. ignringD. interrupting
6. A. clearlyB. surelyC. slwlyD. deeply
7. A. cnfusedB. inspiredC. excitedD. wrried
8. A. criticalB. strangeC. cmmnD. dramatic
9. A. putB. kickC. driveD. carry
10. A. islandB. frestC. campD. beach
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者独自离开营地去海滩散步时，遇到一只澳洲野狗，最终在一位汽车司机的帮助下安全回到营地的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：走了一段时间后，我决定转身回到营地。A. waiting等待；B. checking检查；C. skipping跳过；D. walking步行。根据上文“I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach.”可知，作者去海滩散步，走了一段时间后，决定回营地。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：走了一段时间后，我决定转身回到营地。A. mve ver挪开；B. turn arund转身；C. get ut外出；D. run away逃跑。根据下文“and head back t the camp”可知，作者决定转身回营地。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我没想得太多，第一次见到它时，我茫然不知所措，但还是继续往前走。A. training训练；B. encunter遇到；C. game打赌；D. tur旅游。根据上文“On ding this I met with an verly friendly Ding.”可知，此处表示作者第一次遇到这只澳洲野狗。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试着让它走开；野狗没有反应。A. reward奖励；B. answer回答；C. reactin反应；D. warning警告。根据下文“I then decided t try and mve arund the Ding”可知，此处表示作者尝试让野狗走开时，它没有反应，于是作者才尝试别的办法来驱赶这只野狗。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它一直跟着我走，就像我正在做的事情一样。A. mirrring映射；与十分相似；B. suspecting怀疑；C. ignring忽略；D. interrupting打断。根据上文“it kept mving with me”可知，这只野狗一直跟着作者走，像镜子一样模仿作者的动作，几乎和作者做的事情一样。故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我试着潜入水中，认为野狗必定不想进来。A. clearly显然；B. surely必定；C. slwly慢慢地；D. deeply深深地。根据上文“I then tried ging int the water”以及语境可知，此处表示作者试着潜入水中，认为野狗必定不会跟着进来。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. cnfused困惑的；B. inspired受到启发的；C. excited兴奋的；D. wrried担心的。根据上文“I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!”可知，野狗一直跟着作者，所以作者开始有一些担心。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. critical关键的；B. strange奇怪的；C. cmmn普通的；D. dramatic戏剧性的。根据上文“I walked in until the water was ver my knees and the Ding walked right n in t. It didn’t want me t g anywhere!”可知，此处表示作者已经进入水中，并且野狗仍然跟着作者，作者意识到这很危险，但是在这个关键时刻，一个司机救了作者。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到这时，我有点担心，但幸运的是，在那个关键时刻，一辆从旁边开过的汽车看到了正在发生的事情，并按响了喇叭，这既是为了引起我的注意，也是为了驱赶野狗。A. put放；B. kick踢；C. drive驱赶；D. carry携带。根据下文“ff the Ding”可知，此处表示汽车司机按响喇叭是为了驱赶野狗，drive sb. ff表示“驱赶某人”。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我跳上踏板，紧紧抓住，汽车把我安全地送回营地。A. island岛；B. frest森林；C. camp营地；D. beach海滩。根据上文“I decided t g fr a nature walk alne frm the camp ver t the beach.”可知，作者是从营地离开的，此处表示作者安全回到了营地。故选C项。
第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Tw firefighters ___11___ (wait) in line at a fast-fd restaurant when the siren (警报器) sunded n their fire engine utside. As they turned t leave, a cuple wh ___12___ (receive) their rder a mment ag handed their fd t the firefighters. The cuple then gt back in line t rerder. ___13___ (appreciate) their selfless act as a reward, the manager refused t take the cuple’s mney.
【答案】11. were waiting
12. had received
13. T appreciate
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了两名消防员在快餐店排队时警笛响起了，他们转身离开时一对夫妇把自己的食物给了消防员，快餐店经理为了感谢这对夫妇的无私而拒绝收他们的钱。
【11题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：两名消防员正在一家快餐店排队，这时外面消防车的警笛响了。根据时间状语从句“when the siren(警报器) sunded n their fire engine utside”可知，从句用的是一般过去时，此处指外面消防车的警笛响起时正在发生的事情，主句应用过去进行时，主语firefighters是名词复数，be动词用were，故填were waiting。
【12题详解】
考查过去完成时。句意：当他们转身离开时，一对刚刚收到订单的夫妇把他们的食物递给了消防员。结合句意可知，此处表示“一对刚刚收到订单的夫妇把他们的食物递给了消防员”，receive表示的动作发生在谓语动词handed之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had received。
【13题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：为了感谢他们无私的行为，作为回报，经理拒绝接受这对夫妇的钱。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填T appreciate。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Have yu ever thught abut having anther finger? Researchers at University Cllege Lndn have develped a rbtic 3D-printed “third thumb”. The thumb is wrn n the side f the hand ppsite the actual thumb. Vlunteers ___14___ (wear) the third thumb culd carry ___15___ (many) bjects than usual, and hld and pen a sft drink bttle with ne hand. Als, human brains can adapt t the use f an extra thumb ___16___ (easy).
【答案】14. wearing
15. mre 16. easily
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是伦敦大学的研究人员发明了一种3D打印机器人，能打印第三个拇指。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：戴着第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时携带更多的东西，并可以用一只手握住和打开一个软饮料瓶子。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“culd carry”，空格处用非谓语动词做后置定语，Vlunteers和wear之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词wearing表主动，故填wearing。
【15题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：戴着第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平时携带更多的东西，并可以用一只手握住和打开一个软饮料瓶子。由than可知，空格处用比较级mre，故填mre。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外，人类的大脑可以很容易地适应使用额外的拇指。空格处用副词修饰动词“adapt t”，easy的副词是easily，意为“容易地”，故填easily。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。
Lanzhu, 9th August 2017. A grup f scientists frm different ___17___ (cuntry) were wrking tgether t help increase knwledge and appreciatin f China’s ancient cultural heritage. They were recrding and cllecting digital images f cultural relics frm the Mga Caves ___18___ had been a key stp alng the Silk Rad thrughut China’s ancient histry. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital phtgraphs ___19___ (prduce) since the internatinal prject started in 1994. By sharing s many digital phts ___20___ the Internet, the grup hpes t prmte even wider interest arund the wrld.
【答案】17. cuntries
18. which##that
19. have been prduced
20. n##ver
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，本文讲述一批来自中国和其他国家的科学家正在共同努力记录和收集莫高窟的文物数字图象，通过在互联网上分享数码照片，他们希望在全世界范围内提高人们对中国古代历史、文化和传统的更广泛的兴趣。
【17题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：一群来自不同国家的科学家正在共同努力，帮助提高对中国古代文化遗产的认识和欣赏。cuntry国家，是可数名词，由空前的different可知，此处应用复数形式。故填cuntries。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们记录和收集莫高窟文物的数字图像，莫高窟在中国古代历史上是丝绸之路的关键一站。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the Mga Caves，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导。故填which/that。
【19题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自1994年该国际项目开始以来，已制作了近50万张高质量数码照片。由“since the internatinal prject started in 1994”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语phtgraphs和动词prduce之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have been prduced。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：通过在互联网上分享如此多的数码照片，该组织希望能在世界各地促进更广泛的兴趣。结合句意可知，此处指“在互联网上”或“通过互联网”，用介词n或ver均可。故填n/ver。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
After a tw-year pause, ur summer prgram in Madrid is back. A traditin f 62 years has made Rllins’ Veran Espanl the mst ppular abrad prgram n campus.
Prgram Highlights：
•Earn 8 Rllins credit hurs (tw curses) in 6 weeks
•Small class sizes, 8 students max. per class
•All levels f Spanish prficiency allwed (frm nthing t advanced)
•Stay at a centrally lcated drm
•Full rientatin during arrival weekend: Airprt pick up, transprtatin t the drms
•Internship (实习) ptin/Included weekend lng trip t the scenic muntain twn f Candelari/weekly cultural activities
Veran Espanl: a Rllins Traditin
•Rllins’ Veran Espanl (Spanish Summer) celebrates its 62nd anniversary and is ne f the ldest and mst prestigius American summer study prgrams in Spain.
•INB students: D yu knw that yu can cmplete yur language, internatinal experience and internship requirements in just 6 weeks in Madrid?
•Internships available at IFEMA, the Trade Fair Institutin f Madrid, with ver 30 year experience f staging trade fairs, it is the mst imprtant f its kind in Spain and ne f the leaders in Eurpe.
Veran Espail: Why Madrid?
Fr its unique blend f culture, histry, fd, and fun, Marid is ne f the wrld’s tp destinatins. It is ne f the wrld’s mst lively cities, with unparalleled cultural fferings and a vibrant nightlife. Accrding t Lnely Planet, “N city n earth is mre alive than Madrid, an attractive place whse sheer energy carries a simple message: this is ne city which really knws hw t live.”
Last infrmatin sessin: Thursday, Feb. 10th. Bieberbach-Reed (Campus Center, by the Marketplace). Stp by anytime between 12:30 — 1:30 pm.
Prgram applicatin deadline: March 28, 2022
Prgram Travel Dates:14 May — 25 June, 2022
Additinal Infrmatin:
httpwww. rllins.edu/internatinal-prgrams
Cntact Dr. Albert Priet-Calixt: apcalixt@rllins.edu
21. By participating in the prgram, yu can __________.
A. take classes with big sizeB. live at the cuntryside drm
C. enjy trips during weekdaysD. gain the pprtunity fr internship
22. Accrding t Lnely Planet, Madrid is chsen as the prgram’s destinatin mainly fr its __________.
A. climateB. lcatinC. cultureD. scenery
23. When will the prgram get started accrding t the passage?
A. On February 10th.B. On March 28th.C. On May 14th.D. On June 25th.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是一个在马德里的西班牙语课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Highlights部分的“•Internship (实习) ptin/Included weekend lng trip t the scenic muntain twn f Candelari/weekly cultural activities (•实习选择/包括周末前往风景优美的山城Candelari的长途旅行/每周的文化活动)”可知，通过参与该项目，你可以获得实习机会，故选D。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Veran Espail: Why Madrid?部分的“N city n earth is mre alive than Madrid, an attractive place whse sheer energy carries a simple message: this is ne city which really knws hw t live. (地球上没有哪个城市比马德里更有活力，一个充满吸引力的地方，其纯粹的能量传递着一个简单的信息：这是一个真正懂得如何生活的城市。)”可知，据《孤独星球》报道，马德里被选为该项目的目的地主要是因为它的文化，故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prgram Travel Dates部分的“14May-25June, 2022 (活动时间：2022年5月14日至6月25日)”可知，这个项目5月14日开始，故选C。
B
It started as a typical ht, dusty mrning in a small twn in the Peten regin f Guatemala. As the mrning prgressed, the twn became crwded with peple streaming in frm miles arund. Sme came by bus, thers n mtrcycles, bicycles and n ft. Filled with hpe, they had cme t attend a Seva-spnsred screening camp rganized by ur lngtime lcal partner Visualiza.
Wrd traveled quickly that the team had returned, ffering free care t anyne with an eye prblem. Over tw days,700 peple waited patiently t have their eyes examined at the temprary clinic that had been set up in the center f twn.
The first mrning, the line spilled ut f the frnt dr. Many sught shelter frm the unrelenting sun beneath umbrellas. A mther brught her nine-year-ld daughter Wendy, hping the dctrs culd restre sight t her blind eye. Five years ag, Wendy had lst visin in her eye after accidentally being bumped in the head while playing with friends.
Making their way thrugh the series f exam statins, Wendy and her mther learned that Visualiza’s phthalmlgists might be able t help her see again by perating n her eye. The dctrs infrmed them that a cataract (白内障) that had frmed after the injury was causing her visin lss.
Wendy was scheduled fr surgery, which wuld take place the next mrning at Visualiza’s utreach clinic. Transprtatin was arranged fr Wendy and her mther, alng with all f the ther patients wh had been identified as requiring sight-restring surgery. Of the 25 patients wh barded the clinic’s bus, Wendy was the nly child.
The next mrning after a successful surgery, the eye patch was remved and Wendy slwly pened her eyes. Fr the first few days, Wendy’s visin was a little blurry. But after being fitted with a pair f prescriptin glasses, Wendy’s fllw-up exam shwed that her visin had cme back nicely and the surgery had been a great success! With visin restred, Wendy can nw see clearly and is excited t be returning t schl. Thanks t Seva dnrs, Wendy’s future is bright and full f ptential.
24. Hw did peple feel when waiting t have their eyes examined?
A. Hpeful.B. Nervus.C. Impatient.D. Thankful.
25. Wendy lst her visin because _______________.
A. she kept lking at the sun fr a lng timeB. she had her head bumped by accident
C. she had a failed peratin n eyesD. she was brn with an eye disease
26. What mainly cntributes t Wendy’s happy ending?
A. The fast transprtatin.B. The prescriptin glasses.
C. The successful surgery.D. The fllw-up exam.
27. What message des the authr want t express?
A. Treasure yur sight befre it’s getting wrse.
B. Helping thse in need makes a difference.
C. Opprtunity favrs the prepared mind.
D. Free yurself frm the dark time.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了由Seva赞助的筛选营为人们提供帮助，让一个九岁的女孩温迪恢复视力，拥有光明未来的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Over tw days,700 peple waited patiently t have their eyes examined at the temprary clinic that had been set up in the center f twn.(在两天的时间里，700人耐心地等待着在市中心设立的临时诊所接受眼睛检查。)”可知，人们耐心地排队等待检查眼睛，希望恢复健康，由此可推知，人们在等待时是充满希望的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Five years ag, Wendy had lst visin in her eye after accidentally being bumped in the head while playing with friends.(五年前，温迪在和朋友玩耍时头部意外被撞伤，导致眼睛失明。)”可知，温迪眼睛失明是因为她不小心撞到了头。故选B项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The next mrning after a successful surgery, the eye patch was remved and Wendy slwly pened her eyes. Fr the first few days, Wendy’s visin was a little blurry. But after being fitted with a pair f prescriptin glasses, Wendy’s fllw-up exam shwed that her visin had cme back nicely and the surgery had been a great success!(手术成功后的第二天早上，眼罩被移除，温迪慢慢睁开了眼睛。最初几天，温迪的视力有点模糊。但在配戴了一副处方眼镜后，温迪的后续检查显示她的视力恢复得很好，手术非常成功！)”可知，温迪的视力恢复得很好，获得了幸福的结局，是因为她的手术非常成功。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“With visin restred, Wendy can nw see clearly and is excited t be returning t schl. Thanks t Seva dnrs, Wendy’s future is bright and full f ptential.(视力恢复后，温迪现在能看得很清楚，很高兴能回到学校。多亏了Seva捐赠者，温迪的未来是光明的，充满潜力。)”可知，在Seva的帮助下，急需帮助的温迪恢复了视力，获得了光明的未来，所以作者通过本文想要表达帮助那些需要帮助的人会产生影响。故选B项。
C
Few dishes taste better than a juicy cut f beef. One survey in 2014 fund that steak was Americans’ favrite fd. Unfrtunately, by cking s many cws, humans are cking themselves, t.
The influence f fd n greenhuse-gas (GHG) emissins (排放) can slip under the radar. In a survey in Britain last year, the share f answerers saying that “prducing plants and meat n farms” was a “significant cntributr” t climate change was the lwest amng ten listed activities. Yet tw papers published this year in Nature Fd find that fd, especially beef, creates mre GHGS than previusly thught.
This March researchers frm the Eurpean Cmmissin and the UN’s Fd and Agriculture Office released a study estimating that the glbal fd system was respnsible fr 34% f GHG in 2015. The paper assigns the full impact f defrestatin t the agriculture that results frm it;includes emissins after fd is sld(such as frm waste and cking);and cunts nn-fd crps like cttn. But even when the authrs tk away emissins frm surces like transprt and packaging they still fund that agriculture generated 24% f GHGS.
Anther recent paper, by Xiaming Xu f the University f Illinis and eight c-authrs, allcates (分配) this impact amng 171 crps and 16 animal prducts. It finds that animal-based fds accunt fr 57% f agricultural GHGS, versus 29% fr fd frm plants. Beef and cw’s milk alne made up 34%. Cmbined with the earlier study’s results, this implies that cattle prduce 12% f GHG emissins.
Relative t ther fd surces, beef is uniquely carbn-intensive. Because cattle emit methane (甲烷) and need large grasslands that are ften created by cutting mre frests, they prduce seven times as many GHGS per calrie f meat as pigs d. This makes beef a bigger share amng fds than cal is amng surces f electricity.
The simplest way t cut beef utput is fr peple t eat ther animals instead, r becme vegetarians. But cnvincing peple t give up their burgers is a tall rder.
Frtunately, lab-grwn meats are mving frm Petri dishes (培养皿) t high-end restaurants. Ding withut beef frm live cattle is hard t imagine, but the same was true f cal 100 years ag. Lab-grwn meat culd play an essential rle in slwing a climate disaster.
28. The underlined phrase in paragraph 2 can prbably be replaced by ____________.
A. be detected by radarB. be ignred by peple
C. be explained by expertsD. be cntrlled by gvernment
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Lab-grwn meats will replace ther meats in the future.
B. Quitting steak may be an efficient way t reduce GHG.
C. Prducing beef generates mre GHG than burning cal.
D. Beef transprt is the majr cntributr f GHG emissins.
30. The authr mentins the cal in the last paragraph just t shw ____________.
A. the imprtance f bth lab-grwn beef and calB. the difficulty t prduce the lab-grwn meat
C. the necessity f beef frm live cattleD. the future f lab-grwn beef
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了动物尤其是牛在整个食物链上对对温室气体排放的不良影响。呼吁人们吃其他动物，或者成为素食者，并指出实验室培育的肉类可能在减缓气候灾难方面发挥重要作用。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“In a survey in Britain last year, the share f answerers saying that “prducing plants and meat n farms” was a “significant cntributr” t climate change was the lwest amng ten listed activities.”（去年在英国进行的一项调查中，回答者认为”农场生产植物和肉类”是造成气候变化的”重要因素”的人数比例，在所列的10项活动中排名最低。）可知，食物对温室气体(GHG)排放的影响可能不人们忽视。所以划线部分的意思是“被人们忽视”。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Relative t ther fd surces, beef is uniquely carbn-intensive. Because cattle emit methane(甲烷)and need large grasslands that are ften created by cutting mre frests, they prduce seven times as many GHGS per calrie f meat as pigs d. This makes beef a bigger share amng fds than cal is amng surces f electricity.”（相对于其他食物来源，牛肉是唯一的碳密集型食品。因为牛会排放甲烷，而且需要大草原，而大草原往往是砍伐更多的森林造成的，所以每消耗一卡路里的肉，牛产生的温室气体是猪的七倍。这使得牛肉在食品中的份额比煤炭在电力来源中的份额还要大。）以及最后一段“Lab-grwn meat culd play an essential rle in slwing a climate disaster.”（实验室培育的肉类可能在减缓气候灾难方面发挥重要作用）由此判断出，不吃牛排可能是减少温室气体排放的有效方法。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Frtunately, lab-grwn meats are mving frm Petri dishes(培养皿)t high-end restaurants. Ding withut beef frm live cattle is hard t imagine, but the same was true f cal 100 years ag.”（幸运的是，实验室培养的肉类，正从培养皿转移到高档餐厅。很难想象没有活牛的牛肉，但100年前的煤炭也是如此。）可知，作者在最后一段提到了煤炭，只是为了展示实验室培育牛肉的未来。故选D项。
D
The wrd “rbt” was cined in 1920 by the Czech playwright Karel Capek meaning fully functinal servants. Fr mst f their histry, rbts have been inelegant mechanical devices sitting ut f sight in factries. Things are starting t change, hwever. Rbts are leaving carefully managed industrial settings fr everyday life and, in the cming years, will increasingly wrk in supermarkets, clinics, scial care and much mre.
They culd nt be cming at a better time. Many industries are facing a shrtage f labr — the demand fr wrkers has recvered much faster than expected and sme peple have left the wrkfrce, particularly in America. Warehusing (仓库) has grwn rapidly thanks t the e-cmmerce bm. Rbts are picking items ff shelves and helping peple pack a rising numbers f bxes. They are even beginning t mve slwly alng sme pavements, delivering gds r fd right t peple’s drs. Nwadays, shrt f wrkers but with lts f elderly flk t lk after, having mre rbts t bst prductivity wuld be a gd thing.
And yet many peple fear that rbts will destry jbs. A paper in 2013 by ecnmists at Oxfrd University was widely misinterpreted as meaning that 47% f American jbs were at risk f being autmated.
In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn. The evidence suggests rbts will be ultimately beneficial fr labr markets. Japan and Suth Krea have the highest rbt usage rate but very strng wrkfrces. A Yale University study that lked at Japanese manufacturing between 1978 and 2017 fund that an increase f ne rbt unit per 1,000 wrkers bsted a cmpany’s emplyment by 2.2%. Research frm the Bank f Krea fund that rbtizatin mved jbs away frm manufacturing int ther sectrs, but that there was n decrease in verall vacancies.
Fr all that, the march f the rbts will bring big changes t wrkplaces, t. One suppsed example f “bad autmatin” is self-service checkuts in supermarkets, because they displace human wrkers. But rbts culd perfrm unpleasant wrk. Checkut staff wh retrain t help custmers pick items frm aisles (传送带) may find that dealing with peple in need is mre rewarding than spending all day swiping barcdes in frnt f lasers. In additin, as jbs change, wrkers shuld be helped t acquire new skills, including hw t wrk with and manage the rbts that will increasingly be their clleagues.
The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge. In Capek’s play, the rbts revlt(反抗)against their human masters and cause mass unemplyment and wrse. Hwever, the beginnings f the wrld’s real rbts have nt matched Capek’s assumptin. S there is n need t cncern abut their future.
31. The authr mentins the tw researches in paragraph 4 t ____________.
A. prve an argumentB. intrduce an apprach
C. present an assumptinD. highlight an experiment
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. New skills will be acquired by wrkers with the help f rbts.
B. The mre rbts are used, the greater emplyment it can bring.
C. Rbts will betray their human masters and cause wrse prblems.
D. Checkut staff in supermarkets may be happier t d with peple in need.
33. Twards wide spread f rbts, the authr is ____________.
A. apprvedB. neutralC. ppsedD. dubtful
34. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. Future Risk: Jbs Being Autmated
B. Rbt Revlutin: Causes f Changes
C. Wrkplace Autmatin: Rise f Rbts
D Rbtizatin: Slutin t Unemplyment
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了机器人进入日常生活后给人们带来便利以及由此人们出现的担忧。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn. The evidence suggests rbts will be ultimately beneficial fr labr markets. Japan and Suth Krea have the highest rbt usage rate but very strng wrkfrces.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。有证据表明，机器人最终将有利于劳动力市场。日本和韩国的机器人使用率最高，但劳动力非常强大。）”可知，作者在第四段段首首先提出自己的观点，然后紧接着用耶鲁大学和韩国银行研究人员提供的数据支持了这一观点。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One suppsed example f “bad autmatin” is self-service checkuts in supermarkets, because they displace human wrkers. But rbts culd perfrm unpleasant wrk. Checkut staff wh retrain t help custmers pick items frm aisles(传送带)may find that dealing with peple in need is mre rewarding than spending all day swiping barcdes in frnt f lasers.（超市的自助结账是一个糟糕的自动化的例子，因为它们取代了人力。但是机器人可能会做出做令人不快的表现。收银员人员经过再培训，帮助客户从传送带拿取商品，他们发现帮助需要帮助的人比只是单纯的在扫描仪扫码结账更能感觉到自己的努力有所回报）”可知，收银人员更愿意与人打交道，更愿意帮助人。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“They culd nt be cming at a better time.（他们来得正是时候。）”，第四段“In fact, cncerns abut mass unemplyment are verblwn.（事实上，对大规模失业的担忧被夸大了。）”以及最后一段“The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge.（机器人革命带来的潜在收益是巨大的。）”可知，机器人进入生活以来，对于失业率的影响被夸大了，实际上给人类带来的收益的是巨大的，所以作者对机器人的大规模使用是认可的。故选A。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“hwever. Rbts are leaving carefully managed industrial settings fr everyday life and, in the cming years, will increasingly wrk in supermarkets, clinics, scial care and much mre.（然而机器人正在离开精心管理的工业环境，进入日常生活。在未来几年，机器人将越来越多地在超市、诊所、社会护理等领域工作。）”和最后一段“The ptential gains frm the rbt revlutin are huge. In Capek’s play, the rbts revlt(反抗)against their human masters and cause mass unemplyment and wrse. Hwever, the beginnings f the wrld’s real rbts have nt matched Capek’s assumptin. S there is n need t cncern abut their future.（机器人革命带来的潜在收益是巨大的。恰佩克的假设中，机器人对抗人类并导致大规模失业。然而，世界上真正的机器人的诞生并不符合恰佩克的假设。所以没有必要担心他们的未来）”可知，本文主要讲述机器人在日常生活中的使用变多。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When we feel exhausted, ur brains want t save mental energy by directing ur fcus t the mst readily available, recallable infrmatin t help us make decisins quickly. We ften d the thing that feels right, r rush t judgment withut prper cnsideratin. ___35___ It’s the reasn why if yu speak Spanish, it’s much easier t learn Italian than Japanese. It’s als why many peple think tw single dllar bills are mre valuable than a single tw-dllar bill.
___36___ Or, we are willing t mve tward things that make us feel gd and away frm things that make us feel uncmfrtable.
Yet, we knw hard actins can bring benefits -nes that may nt be visible fr sme time. ___37___ Maybe we d this because we have an insight r a requirement frm dctr. When we g fr that initial run, it desn’t feel gd. Neither des the run after that. Our muscles hurt. The mney we’ve spent n the new hbby causes frictin in ur husehld. It cntinues t signal the reasns we shuld g back t the way it was befre.
S, hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?
• ___38___ A 2016 study fund that when peple are upset, they’ re less likely t try t d hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re mre likely t take n the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better.
•Give ur brains the right amunt f autnmy. When we have a chice, ur brains ften want smething easy. ___39___
Ding things that feel uncmfrtable and liking hard wrk can seem cunterintuitive (反直觉的). But by understanding what’s ging n in yur brain, instead f depending n yur first feeling, yu can wrk tward cmpleting hard things and manage yur fears better.
A. Think abut starting a new exercise rutine.
B. Tackle hard things when we’re in a gd md.
C. Accmplish hard things by having the supprts f thers.
D. The result is that many f us tend t d what simply feels right.
E. The brain des this because it’s much easier t prcess existing ideas than new nes.
F. But there are still sme peple keeping with it t the end regardless f these difficulties.
G. But we can reduce that respnse by challenging urselves t be innvative and prvide mtives.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了一种现象：我们的大脑总是倾向于遵循惯用思维和直觉、喜欢做出省事、让自己舒适的选择。但生活中总有些行之不易却大有裨益的事情，文章就如何克服大脑的惰性做好困难的事情给出了建议。
【35题详解】
空白前句指出“We ften d the thing that feels right, r rush t judgment withut prper cnsideratin.(我们往往会做感觉正确的事，或是不经过合理的考虑就匆匆下了结论)”即经验和惯有思维会影响我们的判断，E选项“大脑会这样做是因为处理已有的想法比处理新想法容易得多”中的des this正是指代前句中的行为，且符合后句所举的学过西班牙语的人再学意大利语要更容易这一例子的理由。故选E项。
【36题详解】
空白后句以Or开头，表达了“we are willing t mve tward things that make us feel gd and away frm things that make us feel uncmfrtable.(我们愿意去做让自己感觉良好的事，而远离那些让自己不适的事情)”，这显然是与上一段文意顺承的，Or应作“或者”理解，即对空白句的另一种解释。D选项“结果就是我们许多人都倾向于直觉上正确的事”顺承前文给出论点，且与后句表达含义一致。故选D项。
【37题详解】
空白前句指出“Yet, we knw hard actins can bring benefits -nes that may nt be visible fr sme time.(不过，我们知道困难的行动会带来好处——这些好处可能短时间看不出来)”，A选项“想想开始一个新的锻炼日常”符合hard actins，且与下一句解释的“这样做是因为对自身的理解或是来自医生的要求”也是相符的。故选A项。
【38题详解】
本段与下一段都是针对“hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?(当大脑不断地告诉我们不要努力时如何做好困难的事)”给出的建议。空白作为段首句，后面两句指出“A 2016 study fund that when peple are upset, they’ re less likely t try t d hard things. When they’re feeling upbeat, they’re mre likely t take n the hard-but-essential tasks that ultimately make life better. (2016年的一项研究发现当人们情绪低落时，不太可能会尝试做困难的事。当他们感到积极向上时，更有可能承担那些困难但重要的任务，最终会让生活变得更好)”，言下之意即困难的事务更适合在情绪良好时去完成，这与B选项“当你情绪良好时，去处理困难的事务”表达的含义相符。故选B项。
【39题详解】
本段与下一段都是针对“hw d we d hard things when ur brains are cnstantly telling us t avid effrt?(当大脑不断地告诉我们不要努力时如何做好困难的事)”给出的建议。前两句指出“Give ur brains the right amunt f autnmy. When we have a chice, ur brains ften want smething easy.(给我们的大脑一定的自主权。当我们要作出选择时，我们的大脑往往会想要简单些的)”，G选项“但我们可以通过挑战自我减少这种反应，从而变得更有创意、更富动力”与前文构成转折，其中的that respnse呼应前文大脑的反应，符合针对做好困难的事给出的建议。故选G项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节：(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Finding and keeping friends is a skill that can take sme time t develp.
Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist. “They becme better at imagining smene else’s perspective and this stimulates mre intimate (亲密的) friendships.”
Children ften have a practical view f friendship frming clse bnds with peers in the playgrund r classrm, says Kennedy-Mre. “It is a ‘lve the ne yu’re with’ apprach.”
“The thing that kids have as an advantage ver adults is that they are in the rm with 25 thers in their stage f life,” she says. “In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance (相识的人) t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.
Psychlgists say best friendships can help children prepare fr clse relatinships, including rmantic nes, as they grw up.
“Best friendship is really like falling in lve, “says Kennedy-Mre.
“Clse friendships in childhd help kids practice the skills they need in intimate relatinships thrughut their lives. They learn abut ther peple and abut themselves, t deal with feelings like envy, lneliness, and sadness.”
“If children dn’t talk abut friends at hme, it desn’t mean they dn’t have any,” she says, adding that this may because they prefer a quieter style f interacting with thers.
Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”
40. What capacity d children develp frm abut the age f fur accrding t Kennedy-Mre?
41. What is the disadvantage fr adults t develp friendships cmpared with children?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
43. List sme ther ways yu usually use t develp r maintain yur friendship.(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
41. It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
42. Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
43. I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Frm arund the age f fur, children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs. This emerging capacity, knwn as Thery f Mind, helps children make friends, says Eileen Kennedy-Mre, a clinical psychlgist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Children develp an understanding that ther peple may have thughts, interests and feelings that are different t theirs.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段““In adulthd it takes thughtful effrt t find and develp friendships.” Accrding t ne study, adults must spend arund 50 hurs tgether t g frm mere acquaintance t a casual friend, 90 hurs tgether befre they cnsider each ther as friends, and mre than 200 hurs t becme clse friends wh share an emtinal cnnectin.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为It takes thughtful effrt mre time t find and develp friendships.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Parents can help their children in develping friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl. “The frmula is: watch then get invlved.” says Kennedy-Mre. “Parents shuld teach their children t watch what ther children are ding, then encurage them t slide int the actin withut interrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parents can supprt their children in frming friendships by rganizing fun meet-ups utside f schl and crrecting them frm time t time.
Accrding t the passage, parents shuld encurage their children t watch and slide int the actin withut interrupting instead f crrecting them frm time t time.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为I will directly tell my friends that I want t talk with them and spend time with them. Besides, when they are talking, I will listen t them carefully. Mst imprtantly, I will let them knw that I am trustwrthy and that we can becme clser friends.
第二节：书面表达(20分)
44. 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jim听说你校3月份举行了“高考百日誓师”大会，对此他很感兴趣，请依据下列信息，给他回信，介绍此次活动。
1. 时间与地点;
2. 主要内容和目的;
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin 高考百日誓师
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am very glad t receive yur letter in which yu shwed yur interest in the “the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin” held by ur schl in March. Here, I wuld like t tell yu sme details abut this activity.
The event was held in the schl ftball field n March 12, whse purpse was t stimulate students t prepare fr the cllege entrance examinatin and relieve senir three students’ tensin. The activity included a pledge by all the teachers and students f senir three and related cmmunicatin activities fr senir three students.
In my pinin, the activity was a great success. After the activity, the students studied harder than befre.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，给他介绍你校3月份举行的“高考百日誓师”大会的相关情况，内容包括：1. 时间与地点；2. 主要内容和目的；3. 你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
目的：purpse→aim
激励：stimulate→inspire
在某人看来：in ne’s pinin→as far as sb. be cncerned
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In my pinin, the activity was a great success. After the activity, the students studied harder than befre.
拓展句：In my pinin, the activity was a great success, after which the students studied harder than befre.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am very glad t receive yur letter in which yu shwed yur interest in the “the 100-day Oath f Cllege Entrance Examinatin” held by ur schl in March. (运用了“介词+which”引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】The event was held in the schl ftball field n March 12, whse purpse was t stimulate students t prepare fr the cllege entrance examinatin and relieve senir three students’ tensin. (运用了whse引导的非限制性定语从句)
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