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18，江苏省无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题
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这是一份18，江苏省无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题，共27页。
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸/卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was the weather like in the afternn?
A. Sunny.B. Windy.C. Rainy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Lk at the sky, Jane. Hw clear it is nw!
W: Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternn blew away thse dark cluds, but the weather reprt says it’s ging t rain in 12 hurs.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Hw des the man sund?
A. Wrried.B. Afraid.C. Cnfident.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Aren’t yu afraid f getting sick? It’s cld ut there.
M: N way. This material is strnger than it lks and it’s quite warm.试卷源自 试卷上新，欢迎访问。W: OK, but I wrry abut yu. Make sure t tell me if yu’re getting cld.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the cnversatin mainly abut?
A. Ging n hliday.B. Getting a new passprt.C. Taking phtgraphs.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m s lking frward t ging n hliday and taking phts, but I need t get a new passprt first.
M: It’s very easy. There is an nline frm that yu can fill ut and then uplad yur wn phtgraph.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why did the man g t see a dctr?
A. He desn’t like his ld glasses.
B. He gets glasses fr the wman.
C. He can nly see things up clse.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hw was yur appintment, dear?
M: Well, unfrtunately, the dctr thinks I need t start wearing glasses.
W: That’s n surprise. Yu hld the newspaper right up t yur face when yu read it. I’ve been saying that yu need glasses fr years!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers ging t d next?
A. Play with snw.B. Stay at hme.C. Play badmintn.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Gerge, it’s bring t stay at hme. Why dn’t we play badmintn utside?
M: I’d like t, but it’s t cld tday. Lk, it’s snwing ! It’s all white. D yu like snw? I think we can make a snwman nw.
W: Let’s g!
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why des the wman want t replace the sfa?
A. It is really ld.B. It is uncmfrtable.C. It desn’t match the table.
7. What d the speakers agree t d?
A. Change the table.B. Buy a reading lamp.C. Mve a lamp nt the table.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: The department stre has reduced all its prices by frty percent during the sale. Dn’t yu think it’s time t replace ur sfa? We’ve had it fr a lng time!
M: D yu think s? I think it’s cmfrtable enugh. What we really need is a prper lamp t g n the table next t the sfa. It’s impssible t sit and read there at the mment.
W: Let’s mve ne f the lamps dwn frm the bedrm then. The blue ne wuld lk gd n that table.
M: Yu’re right.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What did the man use last weekend?
A. A shared bike.B. A shared umbrella.C. A shared charger.
9. What is the wman ging t talk abut next?
A. The advantages f the sharing ecnmy.
B. Her attitude twards the sharing ecnmy.
C. The prper ways t use the sharing prduct.
【答案】8 B 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: The sharing ecnmy is really cnvenient fr me.
M: Oh, really?
W: Yes, I guess I can’t live withut it. I ride a shared bike t wrk every day. And when my mbile phne is dead, I’d like t use the shared charger. Smetimes when it rains while I dn’t have an umbrella, I wuld rent a shared umbrella.
M: Speaking f that, I remember that last weekend I was utside when it rained hard suddenly. S I used a shared umbrella. I held the umbrella fr nly ten minutes and then it was brken. I didn’t knw what happened.
W: Oh, yu pr thing. Maybe yu didn’t d it in the right way. Let me teach yu.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What has the man fund?
A. An interesting wall.B. A secret dinner.C. An ld dr.
11. What’s the prbable relatinship between the tw speakers?
A. Bss and secretary.B. Husband and wife.C. Father and daughter.
12. Where are the speakers?
A. In a huse.B. In a shp.C. In a castle.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Quick, quick, hney. Cme and see.
W: What is it? I’m making dinner, yu knw. This had better be imprtant. Anything less than hidden treasure, I’ll be annyed.
M: Well, it’s a bit like that. I kncked dwn part f this wall and lk what I fund.
W: What is it?
M: It’s a dr. It must have been cvered up a lng time ag.
W: Will there be a rm behind it?
M: If there is, it must nly be small.
W: Dn’t tell Kate and Susan—they will use it fr hiding frm us.
M: Living in this ld huse is like living in a castle. It seems t have s many secrets.
W: My sister’s huse used t be a shp. In ne f the rms, she fund lts f ld signs and prducts frm the past.
M: That’s what I like abut these ld places. They are s interesting.
W: It’s true. New huses may be efficient but they have n character.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the man ding?
A. Eating a meal.B. Cking a meal.C. Having an interview.
14. Hw lng has the man been cking?
A. Since he was a kid.B. Only recently.C. Since he was twenty years ld.
15. Why des the man mentin rice and ndles?
A. T name his favrite fd.B. T give an example.C. T shw his best cking.
16. What is the mst imprtant fr cking accrding t the man?
A. Rich flavrs.B. Freshness f fd.C. Different styles f cking.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Our guest tday is Chef Michael Wilsn. Thanks again fr jining us, Mr. Wilsn.
M: Oh, it’s my pleasure. And please call me Mike.
W: OK, Mike, yu’ve been cking since yu were a child, and yu’ve been a prfessinal chef fr ver twenty years. What is it abut cking that yu lve s much?
M: It’s the best way fr peple t cmmunicate, in my pinin. Yu dn’t need language. Yu dn’t have t have anything in cmmn. It’s easy t make new friends when yu share a meal tgether.
W: S, what are sme f the differences in the fd f different cuntries?
M: Well, in the West, peple eat a lt f bread, while in Asia, rice and ndles are mre cmmn. Beef is very cmmn in cuntries like the United States, but it’s nt as ppular in Nrthern Eurpe.
W: What d yu think is the mst imprtant factr in cking?
M: I think that fresh lcal fds are the mst imprtant part f any type f cking.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is Cathy’s natinality?
A. Chinese.B. American.C. German.
18. When will they start making dumplings?
A. At 8 p. m.B. At 6 p. m.C. At 4 p. m.
19. Hw will Cathy cme t the speaker’s huse prbably?
A. By bus.B. By car.C. By taxi.
20. What des the speaker think Cathy may wrry abut?
A. Ging back t early.
B. Staying there t lng.
C. Having difficulty watching TV shws.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring Festival hliday yu wn’t g back t yur hmetwn in the States and will g t Germany fr sme traveling and then cme back t China. I’m leaving yu this vice message t invite yu t cme t ur family’s Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner, say, n Feb. 4. My mther and I will start making dumplings arund 4 p.m. and we’ll prbably start having dinner at 6 p.m. If yu’re interested in making dumplings, feel free t jin us at 4 p.m. I’m afraid there will be very few buses r taxis running tmrrw afternn. My father is happy t pick yu up frm yur place. Just send me yur address and tell me when yu can cme. After dinner, we will watch sme Spring Festival shws n TV. The mst interesting shw starts at arund 8 p.m. We usually stay up very late, s dn’t wrry abut staying t lng. Just let me knw when yu want t g back t yur place. Lking frward t yur earliest reply.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thrughut human histry, there is a bttmless well f peple wh made great cntributins s that we can nw enjy a better life. The fllwing are just fur f thse great minds.
Jseph Lister (1827—1912)
English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. Fr this, he is ften referred t as the father f mdern surgery as his use f antiseptic greatly increased the kinds f peratins that culd be carried ut.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pineering Swiss physician and nutritinist. He advcated the eating f raw fruit and vegetables and discuraged eating meat and heavily prcessed fds. Althugh he was questined by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas tk ff and helped create a diet f prcessed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have cntinued t grw in ppularity with mre scientific research shwing the health benefits f such a diet.
Paracelsus (1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health refrmer, Paracelsus funded the discipline f txiclgy (毒理学) and pineered the use f chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was als ne f the first dctrs t nte illness can be psychlgical in nature.
Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)
English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen. With MRI, dctrs can see far mre than with x-ray, which is limited t bnes. He was awarded the Nbel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21. What is Jseph Lister famus as?
A. The father f mdern surgery.B. A Pineer f the use f antiseptic surgery.
C. An English surgen.D. An English physicist.
22. What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner’s cntributin?
A. He discvered x-ray.
B. He set up a healthy eating trend.
C. He imprved survival rates f peratin.
D. He did experiments with chemicals t treat diseases.
23. Wh invented MRI t give dctrs mre infrmatin f a patient’s bdy?
A. Jseph Lister.B. Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C. Paracelsus.D. Peter Mansfield.
24. Accrding t the passage, where d the fur great minds mainly cme frm?
A. Britain.B. Eurpe.
C. Switzerland.D. Germany.
25. What d the fur peple have in cmmn?
A. They all received Nbel Prize.
B. They were all brn in Switzerland.
C. They all made cntributins t treating patients.
D. They all helped t make peple live a better life.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jseph Lister (1827—1912)部分“English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. Fr this, he is ften referred t as the father f mdern surgery as his use f antiseptic greatly increased the kinds f peratins that culd be carried ut. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。因此，他经常被称为现代外科之父，因为他使用的杀菌剂大大增加了可以进行的手术种类。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特因他的贡献而常被称为现代外科手术之父。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Althugh he was questined by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas tk ff and helped create a diet f prcessed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have cntinued t grw in ppularity with mre scientific research shwing the health benefits f such a diet. (尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康的好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。)”可知，比歇尔·本纳的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen (英国物理学家(Peter Mansfield )，与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知，Peter Mansfield 与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。)”、Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Bircher-Benner was a pineering Swiss physician and nutritinist. (比歇尔·本纳是瑞士医生和营养学家的先驱。)”、Paracelsus (1493—1541)部分中“Swiss-German physician and leading health refrmer. (瑞士-德国医生和主要的卫生改革者。)”、Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen.(英国物理学家，他与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特和彼得·曼斯菲尔德来自英国，马克西米利安·比歇尔·本纳是瑞士人，帕拉塞尔苏斯是瑞士-德国人。因此，他们主要来自欧洲。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Thrughut human histry, there is a bttmless well f peple wh made great cntributins s that we can nw enjy a better life. The fllwing are, just fur f thse great minds. (在整个人类历史上，有无数的人做出了巨大的贡献，所以我们现在可以享受更好的生活。以下是其中的四位伟人。)”可知，文章介绍的是为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活做出了杰出贡献。故选D。
B
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very imprtant part f Mexic’s ecsystem, but because f the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all srts f serius dangers. That’s where 73-year-ld Catia Lattuf de Arida cmes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. Her hme in Mexic City has becme knwn as a hummingbird hspital.
Catia’s stry as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult mment in her life. At that time, she fcused n her battle with cancer and fell int a depressin (抑郁). She was walking n the street ne day when she nticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serius eye injury. The kindhearted wman tk it hme and named it Gucci. She managed t nurse Gucci back t health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed t pull her ut f the sadness and lneliness that had taken ver her life.
Wrd f her success spread amng Catia’s friends, and befre lng sme f them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began t study the bird and their habits in rder t better take care f them, and after 11 years f experience, the 73-year-ld wman is cnsidered an expert n hummingbirds.
In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. That’s when the need fr her nursing services really blew up. She has cared fr hundreds f hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 f them in her apartment at any ne time. She spends pretty much all her time lking after the tiny birds.
26. What des Catia d with hummingbirds?
A. She cmes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B. She takes up a nurse t treat hummingbirds.
C. She is busy lking after the hummingbirds.
D. She sets up a hummingbird hspital in Mexic City.
27. Which saying can best shw the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A. It is better t give than t take.
B. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C. Helping thers is helping urselves.
D. A bird in hand is wrth tw in the bush.
28. What des the underlined wrd “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Refuse.B. Expect.C. Accept.D. Recgnize.
29. When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed?
A. When her friends heard abut her success.
B. When she was cnsidered as a bird expert.
C. After she lked after a large number f the birds.
D. After she shared the birds’ vides n the media.
30. Accrding t the text, Catia can be described as ________.
A. hnest and kindB. caring and respnsible
C. devted and strictD. generus and creative
【答案】26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的Catia Lattuf de Arida作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. (作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟照顾者，她把大部分空闲时间和资源都花在了照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia忙于照顾蜂鸟。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“She managed t nurse Gucci back t health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed t pull her ut f the sadness and lneliness that had taken ver her life. (她设法护理Gucci恢复健康，但她说是Gucci救了她。为什么？因为蜂鸟成功地将她从占据她生活的悲伤和孤独中拉了出来。)”可知，Catia Lattuf de Arida救了蜂鸟，同时蜂鸟也把她从悲伤和孤独中拯救出来，由此可知，帮助别人就是在帮助我们自己。故选C。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Wrd f her success spread amng Catia’s friends, and befre lng sme f them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. (她成功的消息在卡蒂亚的朋友们中传开，不久之后，他们中的一些人开始给她带来受伤的蜂鸟。)”和下文“She began t study the bird and their habits in rder t better take care f them, and after 11 years f experience, the 73-year-ld wman is cnsidered an expert n hummingbirds. (为了更好地照顾它们，她开始研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，经过11年的经验，这位73岁的女士被认为是蜂鸟方面的专家)”可知，一些人给她带来受伤的蜂鸟，她应该是没有拒绝他们，接受了这些蜂鸟，因为下文提到她照顾这些蜂鸟，并开始研究它们的习性。由此可知，划线单词意为“拒绝”，与A项“Refuse (拒绝)”意思一样。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. That’s when the need fr her nursing services really blew up. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattuf de Arid开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎。就在那时，对她的护理服务的需求真正爆发了)”可知，在媒体上分享了这些鸟的视频后，Catia的护理服务量急剧增加，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“That’s where 73-year-ld Catia Lattuf de Arida cmes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. (这就是73岁的Catia Lattuf de Arida发挥作用的地方。作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia很有爱心。根据最后一段中“In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattuf de Arida开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎)”可知，她致力于提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，这说明她很有责任心。故选B。
C
When yu are nline, yu can be anyne r anything. Yu can create yur wn image and a new persnality. These digital identities are knwn as avatars (化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in rle-playing cmputer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few peple knew that future avatars wuld have such a wide variety f frms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When peple started creating their wn avatars, they discvered that they were ging t have the pwer t create new identities that did nt lk r act like their real selves at all. They culd dress their avatars in fancy clthes, r they culd try being smene f the ppsite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars wuld be seen by many peple, nt just their friends, they started having mre than ne avatar. Avatars let yu express yurself and they give yu lts f rm fr creativity.
Of curse, the avatar yu chse says a lt abut yur persnality. If yur blg avatar is a picture f a cute cat, yur message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-knwn cartn characters r laughing mnkeys say “I’m a really funny persn”. Mst peple create avatars that have similar features t their persnalities and that lk mre r less like them and act like them. Hwever, peple bviusly make their avatars lk better than they d in real life.
Nwadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In mst web chats, peple chse an avatar frm a selectin f ready-made images r create their wn images. Yu can als use avatars that mve arund and talk when yu type in yur message.
Despite the advantages f avatars, the use f avatars has als caused a few cncerns. Sme users wrry that they are spending s much time in virtual wrlds that they are becming afraid f meeting peple in the real wrld. The use f several avatars can als be a risk, as peple can use avatars t cheat thers nline.
31. What is pssibly the main idea f paragraph 2?
A. Avatars in cmputer games.B. Applicatins f avatars.
C. Develpment f avatars.D. Varieties f avatars.
32. What can be inferred in paragraph 3?
A. Mre attentin frm the public made peple have mre avatars.
B. Peple’s avatars culd be seen nly by their friends.
C. Avatars limited the rm fr peple’s creativity.
D. Peple’s new identities were very pwerful.
33 Hw des the authr present his view pints in paragraph 4?
A. By telling a stry.B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing data.D. By making cmparisns.
34. What is a majr cncern abut the use f avatars?
A. Peple are nt brave enugh t meet thers in the virtual wrlds.
B. The use f avatars is nt s risky as peple have expected.
C. Peple are spending t much time in the real wrld.
D. Users may be tricked by thers nline.
35. Where is the text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A magazine.C. A guidebk.D. A scientific fictin.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The first simple 2D avatars appeared in rle-playing cmputer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few peple knew that future avatars wuld have such a wide variety f frms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.(第一个简单的2D化身出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，它们已被用于网络聊天)”可知，第二段的主旨是虚拟形象的发展。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When Internet users realized that their avatars wuld be seen by many peple, nt just their friends, they started having mre than ne avatar.(当互联网用户意识到他们的头像会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个头像)”可知，公众的更多关注让人们有了更多的头像。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Of curse, the avatar yu chse says a lt abut yur persnality. If yur blg avatar is a picture f a cute cat, yur message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-knwn cartn characters r laughing mnkeys say “I’m a really funny persn”. Mst peple create avatars that have similar features t their persnalities and that lk mre r less like them and act like them. Hwever, peple bviusly make their avatars lk better than they d in real life.(当然，你所选择的头像也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是“喜欢放松和快乐”。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子会说“我是一个非常有趣的人”。大多数人创建的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为也像他们。然而，人们显然会让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好)”可知，作者在第4段中通过举例表达他的观点。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The use f several avatars can als be a risk, as peple can use avatars t cheat thers nline.(同时使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人)”可知，使用虚拟形象的主要顾虑是用户可能在网上被其他人欺骗。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When yu are nline, yu can be anyne r anything. Yu can create yur wn image and a new persnality. These digital identities are knwn as avatars (化身).(当你在线时，你可以是任何人或任何事。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份被称为化身)”结合文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。可知，文章来自杂志。故选B。
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu use “123456”, “passwrd’’ r “qwerty” as a passwrd, yu’re prbably aware that yu’re at the risk f being attacked by hackers (黑客). But yu’re nt alne. _____36_____ Recently, passwrd management service NrdPass has carried ut a study t determine the 200 mst cmmnly used passwrds arund the wrld. They analyzed the data acrss 50 cuntries.
The findings shw passwrd chices are ften attached t cultural references. _____37_____ In the UK, “liverpl” was the third mst ppular passwrd, with 224,160 hits, while the name f Chilean ftball club “clcl” was used by 15,748 peple in Chile, making it the fifth mst cmmn chice.
_____38_____ Wmen tend t use mre psitive and affectinate (深情的) wrds and phrases such as “sunshine” r “I lve yu”, while men ften use sprts-related passwrds. In sme cuntries, men use mre swear wrds than wmen.
Chsing lng and cmplex passwrds remains the main authenticatin mechanism (身份验证机制) fr cmputers and netwrk-based prducts and services. But we knw peple cntinue t chse weak passwrds and ften dn’t manage them securely. _____39_____
T vercme the security issues linked with passwrd-based authenticatin systems, researchers and develpers are nw cncentrating n creating authenticatin systems which dn’t depend n passwrds at all. _____40_____ Fr example, tw-factr authenticatin (2FA) and multi-factr authenticatin (MFA) methds are gd ways t secure yur accunts. These methds cmbine a passwrd with bimetric infrmatin (fr example, a face scan r fingerprint) r smething distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码). All in all, a secure passwrd is the first line f defense against Internet attacks. Dn’t give up security fr cnvenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under ptential nline security threats.
B. The findings shw that passwrds tell ur emtins and ur identity.
C. Besides, there are ther ways t prtect yur persnal infrmatin.
D. These are amng the mst ppular passwrds arund the wrld.
E. The reprt als reflected different preferences between genders.
F. Peple in sme cuntries take inspiratin frm a ftball team.
G They need the supprt f cmputer experts.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对措施。
【36题详解】
上文“If yu use “123456”, “passwrd’’ r “qwerty” as a passwrd, yu’re prbably aware that yu’re at the risk f being attacked by hackers (黑客). But yu’re nt alne. (如果你使用‘23456’、‘passwrd’或‘qwerty’作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不孤单)”说明人们最常使用的密码形式，D项“这些是世界上最流行的密码中的一些。”承接上文，指出上文中提到的密码是非常流行的密码，符合语境，选项中“These”指代上文提及的密码样例。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“In the UK, “liverpl” was the third mst ppular passwrd, with 224,160 hits, while the name f Chilean ftball club “clcl” was used by 15,748 peple in Chile, making it the fifth mst cmmn chice.(在英国，‘利物浦’是第三大热门密码，点击量为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部‘科洛科洛’的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码)”列举了两支著名的球队名称，说明足球相关的词汇也会被设置为密码，空处应讲述有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；F项“一些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。”与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句，下文“Wmen tend t use mre psitive and affectinate (深情的) wrds and phrases such as “sunshine” r “I lve yu”, while men ften use sprts-related passwrds.(女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如‘阳光’或‘我爱你’，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码)”说明本段主要讲述男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；E项“报告还反映了不同性别的偏好。”与本段描述内容一致，适合作为段落主旨句。故选E。
【39题详解】
上文“But we knw peple cntinue t chse weak passwrds and ften dn’t manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们)”说明人们选择不安全密码，并且通常没有安全管理密码；A项“因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。”介绍使用不安全密码的后果，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
下文“Fr example, tw-factr authenticatin (2FA) and multi-factr authenticatin (MFA) methds are gd ways t secure yur accunts. These methds cmbine a passwrd with bimetric infrmatin (fr example, a face scan r fingerprint) r smething distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码).(例如，双因素身份验证（2FA）和多因素身份验证（MFA）方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息（例如，面部扫描或指纹）或其他可识别的信息（如验证码)结合起来）”举例说明保护个人信息的方法，C项“此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息。”介绍有保护个人信息的其他方法，引出下文的例子，符合题意。故选C。
第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying ges, a seed can change the wrld; a variety can benefit a natin.
Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ____41____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth. The 50-year-ld, wh is called the “mther f wheat”, is a ____42____ at the Xiangyang Academy f Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research int new varieties requires strict standards and ____43____ experiments. “The first ____44____ is t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse. Then we try a hybrid cmbinatin,” Zhang explained, “After several generatins f ____45____ and selectin, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____46____ a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.” And after several mre funds f tests, a(n) ____47____ fr evaluatin and apprval can be made fr market prductin.
“Generally speaking, a gd new ____48____ shuld prduce high yields, have stable prductin, and ____49____ gd resistance t bad cnditins,” she added. “ _____50_____ , it als shuld be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team _____51_____ 70,000 t 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year rund they were busy with _____52_____ experiments n the grwth f the new seedling sand making recrds and analyses.
“Agricultural research wrk is _____53_____ and cmplicated. Smetimes yur effrts d nt _____54_____. All we can d then is think mre, discuss mre and find _____55_____ n the land,” she said.
41. A. advertisingB. cultivatingC. discussingD. bserving
42. A. jurnalistB. researcherC. teacherD. manager
43. A. preciseB. efficientC. simpleD. expensive
44. A. stepB. attemptC. methdD. questin
45. A. encuragementB. supprtC. managementD. trial
46. A. nearbyB. cntinueC. beginD. repeat
47. A. practiceB. applicatinC. applianceD. invitatin
48. A. envirnmentB. machineC. farmlandD. variety
49. A. prduceB. enhanceC. shwD. develp
50. A. BesidesB. HweverC. TherefreD. Otherwise
51. A. wateredB. bughtC. prtectedD. planted
52. A. reprtingB. designingC. cnductingD. studying
53. A. tughB. nrmalC. variedD. specific
54. A. end upB. let dwnC. break upD. pay ff
55. A. answersB. cmfrtC. dreamsD. curage
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. bserving观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties f wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. jurnalist记者；B. researcher研究者；C. teacher教师；D. manager经理。根据上文“wh has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. methd方法；D. questin问题。根据“t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encuragement鼓励；B. supprt支持；C. management管理；D. trial试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nearby在附近；B. cntinue继续；C. begin开始；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. applicatin申请；C. appliance家用电器；D. invitatin邀请。根据“And after several mre runds f tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. envirnment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prduce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. shw表明，表现；D. develp发展。根据“gd resistance t bad cnditins”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. Hwever然而；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合“it als shuld be accepted by the market”可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bught购买；C. prtected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 t 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reprting报道；B. designing设计；C. cnducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments n the grwth f the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tugh棘手的，艰难的；B. nrmal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“cmplicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. let dwn使失望；C. break up破裂；D. pay ff回报。根据上文“Agricultural research wrk is ____13____ and cmplicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. answers答案；B. cmfrt安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. curage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think mre, discuss mre”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Flds are cmmn and ____56____(frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect arund 250 millin peple wrldwide. Thugh the causes f flds-usually heavy rainfall r melting snw-are ____57____(avidable), knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make a difference.
Befre a fld ccurs, we must wrk ____58____(reduce) the risk t peple and their valuables. Firstly, yu shuld prepare disaster supplies ____59____ include a light surce, sleeping bags, warm clthes, and mst imprtantly, at least three days f fd and drinking water. Secndly, yu shuld bring the mst imprtant bjects t the ____60____(up) levels f yur huse.
During a fld, it’s imprtant t leave ____61____ yu are immediately. The lnger yu stay, the mre danger yu’ll be in. Be sure t mve t higher grund. If yu’re already inside a building, mve t the upper flr. Dn’t walk ____62____drive thrugh the mving fldwater, since as little as 15 centimetres f mving water is enugh t knck an adult dwn, and 60 centimetres can wash mst cars away.
____63____ a fld, listen fr fficial news reprts t find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme. As yu return hme, watch ut fr pssible ____64____(danger). The fld may have damaged rads and pwer lines. Keep away frm the fldwater, because it may _____65_____(pllute) and unsafe t tuch.
【答案】56. frequently
57. unavidable
58. t reduce
59. which##that
60. upper 61. where
62. r 63. After
64. dangers##danger
65. be plluted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词，使用副词，故填frequently。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文“knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make a difference.( 但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)”可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空白处应填avidable的反义词，需在avidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavidable。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填t reduce。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。分析句子结构，这是一个包含先行词为disaster supplies的限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中指物作主语，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。
【60题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据句意，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。
【61题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在宾语从句中作地点状语，使用where引导宾语从句，故填where。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文“Dn’t walk(不要走路)”以及下文“drive(开车)”可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填r。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文“find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme(看看什么时候可以安全回家)”可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空白处应填表示“之后”含义的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：在你回家的时候，要小心可能的危险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示“危险”，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填dangers/danger。
【65题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空白处前面已经有情态动词may，空白处填be+过去分词，故填be plluted。
第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66. As the impact f human activities cntinues, the list f species in danger f ________(extinct) becmes lnger. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】extinctin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着人类活动的持续影响，面临灭绝危险的物种名单变得更长。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式是extinctin。故填extinctin。
67. As a result , mst f the frest’s nutrients are lcked up in the plants themselves, thus ______(allw) them t grw at an unbelievable speed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】allwing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：结果，森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面，从而使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。此处为thus ding sth.，现在分词作结果状语，表意料之中的结果。故填allwing。
68. We have t achieve a balance envirnmentally and ________ (ecnmy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ecnmically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须在环境和经济上实现平衡。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用副词ecnmically“在经济上，经济地”，与空前的envirnmentally并列，作状语，修饰achieve。故填ecnmically。
69. They arrived at the airprt, nly ________ (find) the flight had been canceled due t the snwstrm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】t find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。“nly +不定式”作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且They与find构成主动关系，应用find“发现”的不定式。故填t find。
70. T her great _________ (relieve), the fficer immediately realized the cming danger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。t ne’s+情绪名词是固定搭配，表示“令某人……的是”，因此空处填不可数名词relief“宽慰”作宾语。t ne’s relief“令某人宽慰的是”。故填relief。
71. A typhn is a ______ (destry) strm that ccurs in the nrth-west Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：台风是发生在西北太平洋的破坏性风暴。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词strm，destry的形容词是destructive，意为“破坏性的”，故填destructive。
72. Listen t the radi t keep yurself________(infrm) f what is ging n. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】infrmed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：听收音机让自己知道发生了什么事。分析可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，宾语yurself和动词infrm是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用过去分词形式作宾补。故填infrmed。
73. When yu wish t g n hliday, yu can make all yur travel ___________(arrange) just in frnt f the cmputer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrangements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。名词arrangement作宾语，根据句意可知，表示多个安排，用复数形式arrangements。故填arrangements。
74. It is ur ________ (respnsible) as scientists t declare the value f science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】respnsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为科学家，我们有责任宣布科学的价值。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用名词respnsibility“责任”，作表语。故填respnsibility。
75. Frtune favurs the ________ (prepare) mind. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prepared
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运总是垂青有准备的人。根据名词mind可知此处要用形容词，作定语，prepared“准备好的”。故填prepared。
第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76. 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】We shuld wrk hand in hand t ensure factries develp in an envirnmentally friendly way./We need t wrk hand in hand t ensure the factry develps in a green way.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词（短语）、名词、介词短语和宾语从句。主语为we，表示“需要携手做某事”可用shuld wrk hand in hand t d或need t wrk hand in hand t d，表示“确保”应用动词ensure，后面的内容为“确保”的内容，可处理为省略that的宾语从句；从句中，表示“工厂”可用复数名词factries，也可用单数名词the factry，作主语，表示“以环保的方式发展”可翻译为develp in an envirnmentally friendly way/in a green way，时态应用一般现在时。故翻译为We shuld wrk hand in hand t ensure factries develp in an envirnmentally friendly way./We need t wrk hand in hand t ensure the factry develps in a green way.
77. 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（ccur t sb；tsunami）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定句型、名词、副词、主谓一致、形容词。表示“某人突然想到”用固定句型it ccurs t sb. that..,，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中ccur t sb.“（主意或想法突然）浮现于……脑中，被……想到”，其中t为介词，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式ccurred；表示“突然”用副词immediately，作状语，修饰ccurred；表示“她”用her，作t的宾语。主语从句中：表示“这些”用these，作主语；事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为these，表示“是”be动词用were；表示“迹象”用sign，结合these可知，迹象不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作表语；表示“……的”用介词f；表示“将来临的”用形容词appraching，作定语，修饰“海啸”；表示“海啸”用tsunami，此处泛指“一个将来临的海啸”，且appraching以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，应用名词单数形式tsunami，作f的宾语；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
78. 当与其他网络用户交流时，你需要表示尊重。（cmmunicate with）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】Yu need t shw respect when cmmunicating with ther nline users.##Yu need t shw respect when yu cmmunicate with ther nline users.##Cmmunicating with ther nline users, yu need t shw respect.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语、名词、时间状语从句、形容词、状语从句中的省略。表示“你”用yu，作主语。表示“需要”用need，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为yu，故谓语用动词原形。表示“表示尊重”用固定短语shw respect，用不定式t shw作need的宾语。表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用时间状语从句，时间状语从句中：用yu“你”作主语；表示“与……交流”用固定短语cmmunicate with，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为yu，故谓语用动词原形；表示“其他”用形容词ther，作定语，修饰“网络用户”；表示“网络的，在线的”用形容词nline，作定语，修饰“用户”； 表示“用户”用user，用户不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作with的宾语；表示“当……时”用when，引导从句；或者从句表示正在进行的动作，从句时态用现在进行时，谓语用are cmmunicating，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，本句中的时间状语从句省略yu are，保留cmmunicating。或者表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用非谓语动词短语作状语，yu与cmmunicate为主动关系，用现在分词形式cmmunicating，作状语。故翻译为Yu need t shw respect when cmmunicating with ther nline users.或Yu need t shw respect when yu cmmunicate with ther nline users.或Cmmunicating with ther nline users, yu need t shw respect.
79. 他沉浸在书中，没有注意我进入房间。（be lst in）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.
Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.
He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句子描述过去的一般情况，使用一般过去时，主语“他”he，“沉浸于”be lst in，主语是he，be动词使用was，介词in后接宾语“书”the bk，“注意到某人做某事”ntice sb. d sth.，使用否定式didn’t ntice与was lst并列，使用并列连词and连接，作并列谓语，“进入房间”g int/enter the rm，即He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.；也可使用he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm作为句子主干，be lst in the bk作非谓语，去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，lst置于句首，首字母大写，即Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.；也可使用He was lst in the bk作为句子主干，“没有注意到我进入房间”作非谓语，ntice与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，否定词nt置于nticing之前，即He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.。故翻译为：He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm. / Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm. / He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.
80. 在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】The trials n patients were likely t be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
It was likely that the trials n patients wuld be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态、短语和句型。本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在病人身上进行实验”译为the trials n patients，作主语，“可能做某事”译为be likely t d sth.，“推迟”译为pstpne/delay/put ff，与主语为被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动语态。本句也可以用it be likely that，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去将来时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故翻译为The trials n patients were likely t be pstpned/delayed/put ff.或It was likely that the trials n patients wuld be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
第四部分 写作（满分20分）
81. 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technlgy gadgets
Dear David,
I’m glad t invite yu t the Science Festival
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad t invite yu t the Science Festival t be held in ur schl next Mnday t enjy the students’ technlgy gadgets.
The Science Festival is scheduled t take place n the playgrund frm 8 a.m. t 11 a.m., lasting three hurs. Its purpse is t encurage us students t think creatively as well as share ur wrks with thers. At this festival, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life. What’s mre, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgy gadgets and perfrm them n the spt, which I think will be the mst exciting part.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd jin in the cming Science Festival. Lking frward t yur reply and expecting yur cming.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:1.写信意图；2.活动时间和地点；3.活动目的和内容；4.表达希望。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Science Festival（科技节），technlgy gadgets（科技小发明），hld（举办），creatively（创造性地）， share（分享），intrduce（介绍），perfrm（表演），inventr(发明者)及functin（功能）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be scheduled t d（被安排、定于），take place（发生），n the spt（在现场），as well as (也、和)，encurage sb t d（鼓励某人做某事）以及be f great use（有很大用处），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“What’s mre, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgy gadgets and perfrm them n the spt, which I think will be the mst exciting part.”，定语从句“At this festival, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life.”，形式宾语“I wuld appreciate it if yu culd jin in the cming Science Festival.”，非谓语动词“The Science Festival is scheduled t take place n the playgrund frm 8 a.m. t 11 a.m., lasting three hurs.”及“Its purpse is t encurage us students t think creatively as well as share ur wrks with thers.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸/卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What was the weather like in the afternn?
A. Sunny.B. Windy.C. Rainy.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Lk at the sky, Jane. Hw clear it is nw!
W: Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternn blew away thse dark cluds, but the weather reprt says it’s ging t rain in 12 hurs.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Hw des the man sund?
A. Wrried.B. Afraid.C. Cnfident.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Aren’t yu afraid f getting sick? It’s cld ut there.
M: N way. This material is strnger than it lks and it’s quite warm.试卷源自 试卷上新，欢迎访问。W: OK, but I wrry abut yu. Make sure t tell me if yu’re getting cld.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the cnversatin mainly abut?
A. Ging n hliday.B. Getting a new passprt.C. Taking phtgraphs.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m s lking frward t ging n hliday and taking phts, but I need t get a new passprt first.
M: It’s very easy. There is an nline frm that yu can fill ut and then uplad yur wn phtgraph.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why did the man g t see a dctr?
A. He desn’t like his ld glasses.
B. He gets glasses fr the wman.
C. He can nly see things up clse.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hw was yur appintment, dear?
M: Well, unfrtunately, the dctr thinks I need t start wearing glasses.
W: That’s n surprise. Yu hld the newspaper right up t yur face when yu read it. I’ve been saying that yu need glasses fr years!
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers ging t d next?
A. Play with snw.B. Stay at hme.C. Play badmintn.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Gerge, it’s bring t stay at hme. Why dn’t we play badmintn utside?
M: I’d like t, but it’s t cld tday. Lk, it’s snwing ! It’s all white. D yu like snw? I think we can make a snwman nw.
W: Let’s g!
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why des the wman want t replace the sfa?
A. It is really ld.B. It is uncmfrtable.C. It desn’t match the table.
7. What d the speakers agree t d?
A. Change the table.B. Buy a reading lamp.C. Mve a lamp nt the table.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: The department stre has reduced all its prices by frty percent during the sale. Dn’t yu think it’s time t replace ur sfa? We’ve had it fr a lng time!
M: D yu think s? I think it’s cmfrtable enugh. What we really need is a prper lamp t g n the table next t the sfa. It’s impssible t sit and read there at the mment.
W: Let’s mve ne f the lamps dwn frm the bedrm then. The blue ne wuld lk gd n that table.
M: Yu’re right.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What did the man use last weekend?
A. A shared bike.B. A shared umbrella.C. A shared charger.
9. What is the wman ging t talk abut next?
A. The advantages f the sharing ecnmy.
B. Her attitude twards the sharing ecnmy.
C. The prper ways t use the sharing prduct.
【答案】8 B 9. C
【解析】
【原文】W: The sharing ecnmy is really cnvenient fr me.
M: Oh, really?
W: Yes, I guess I can’t live withut it. I ride a shared bike t wrk every day. And when my mbile phne is dead, I’d like t use the shared charger. Smetimes when it rains while I dn’t have an umbrella, I wuld rent a shared umbrella.
M: Speaking f that, I remember that last weekend I was utside when it rained hard suddenly. S I used a shared umbrella. I held the umbrella fr nly ten minutes and then it was brken. I didn’t knw what happened.
W: Oh, yu pr thing. Maybe yu didn’t d it in the right way. Let me teach yu.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What has the man fund?
A. An interesting wall.B. A secret dinner.C. An ld dr.
11. What’s the prbable relatinship between the tw speakers?
A. Bss and secretary.B. Husband and wife.C. Father and daughter.
12. Where are the speakers?
A. In a huse.B. In a shp.C. In a castle.
【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Quick, quick, hney. Cme and see.
W: What is it? I’m making dinner, yu knw. This had better be imprtant. Anything less than hidden treasure, I’ll be annyed.
M: Well, it’s a bit like that. I kncked dwn part f this wall and lk what I fund.
W: What is it?
M: It’s a dr. It must have been cvered up a lng time ag.
W: Will there be a rm behind it?
M: If there is, it must nly be small.
W: Dn’t tell Kate and Susan—they will use it fr hiding frm us.
M: Living in this ld huse is like living in a castle. It seems t have s many secrets.
W: My sister’s huse used t be a shp. In ne f the rms, she fund lts f ld signs and prducts frm the past.
M: That’s what I like abut these ld places. They are s interesting.
W: It’s true. New huses may be efficient but they have n character.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the man ding?
A. Eating a meal.B. Cking a meal.C. Having an interview.
14. Hw lng has the man been cking?
A. Since he was a kid.B. Only recently.C. Since he was twenty years ld.
15. Why des the man mentin rice and ndles?
A. T name his favrite fd.B. T give an example.C. T shw his best cking.
16. What is the mst imprtant fr cking accrding t the man?
A. Rich flavrs.B. Freshness f fd.C. Different styles f cking.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Our guest tday is Chef Michael Wilsn. Thanks again fr jining us, Mr. Wilsn.
M: Oh, it’s my pleasure. And please call me Mike.
W: OK, Mike, yu’ve been cking since yu were a child, and yu’ve been a prfessinal chef fr ver twenty years. What is it abut cking that yu lve s much?
M: It’s the best way fr peple t cmmunicate, in my pinin. Yu dn’t need language. Yu dn’t have t have anything in cmmn. It’s easy t make new friends when yu share a meal tgether.
W: S, what are sme f the differences in the fd f different cuntries?
M: Well, in the West, peple eat a lt f bread, while in Asia, rice and ndles are mre cmmn. Beef is very cmmn in cuntries like the United States, but it’s nt as ppular in Nrthern Eurpe.
W: What d yu think is the mst imprtant factr in cking?
M: I think that fresh lcal fds are the mst imprtant part f any type f cking.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is Cathy’s natinality?
A. Chinese.B. American.C. German.
18. When will they start making dumplings?
A. At 8 p. m.B. At 6 p. m.C. At 4 p. m.
19. Hw will Cathy cme t the speaker’s huse prbably?
A. By bus.B. By car.C. By taxi.
20. What des the speaker think Cathy may wrry abut?
A. Ging back t early.
B. Staying there t lng.
C. Having difficulty watching TV shws.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring Festival hliday yu wn’t g back t yur hmetwn in the States and will g t Germany fr sme traveling and then cme back t China. I’m leaving yu this vice message t invite yu t cme t ur family’s Chinese New Year’s Eve dinner, say, n Feb. 4. My mther and I will start making dumplings arund 4 p.m. and we’ll prbably start having dinner at 6 p.m. If yu’re interested in making dumplings, feel free t jin us at 4 p.m. I’m afraid there will be very few buses r taxis running tmrrw afternn. My father is happy t pick yu up frm yur place. Just send me yur address and tell me when yu can cme. After dinner, we will watch sme Spring Festival shws n TV. The mst interesting shw starts at arund 8 p.m. We usually stay up very late, s dn’t wrry abut staying t lng. Just let me knw when yu want t g back t yur place. Lking frward t yur earliest reply.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thrughut human histry, there is a bttmless well f peple wh made great cntributins s that we can nw enjy a better life. The fllwing are just fur f thse great minds.
Jseph Lister (1827—1912)
English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. Fr this, he is ften referred t as the father f mdern surgery as his use f antiseptic greatly increased the kinds f peratins that culd be carried ut.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pineering Swiss physician and nutritinist. He advcated the eating f raw fruit and vegetables and discuraged eating meat and heavily prcessed fds. Althugh he was questined by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas tk ff and helped create a diet f prcessed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have cntinued t grw in ppularity with mre scientific research shwing the health benefits f such a diet.
Paracelsus (1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health refrmer, Paracelsus funded the discipline f txiclgy (毒理学) and pineered the use f chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was als ne f the first dctrs t nte illness can be psychlgical in nature.
Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)
English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen. With MRI, dctrs can see far mre than with x-ray, which is limited t bnes. He was awarded the Nbel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21. What is Jseph Lister famus as?
A. The father f mdern surgery.B. A Pineer f the use f antiseptic surgery.
C. An English surgen.D. An English physicist.
22. What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner’s cntributin?
A. He discvered x-ray.
B. He set up a healthy eating trend.
C. He imprved survival rates f peratin.
D. He did experiments with chemicals t treat diseases.
23. Wh invented MRI t give dctrs mre infrmatin f a patient’s bdy?
A. Jseph Lister.B. Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C. Paracelsus.D. Peter Mansfield.
24. Accrding t the passage, where d the fur great minds mainly cme frm?
A. Britain.B. Eurpe.
C. Switzerland.D. Germany.
25. What d the fur peple have in cmmn?
A. They all received Nbel Prize.
B. They were all brn in Switzerland.
C. They all made cntributins t treating patients.
D. They all helped t make peple live a better life.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Jseph Lister (1827—1912)部分“English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. Fr this, he is ften referred t as the father f mdern surgery as his use f antiseptic greatly increased the kinds f peratins that culd be carried ut. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。因此，他经常被称为现代外科之父，因为他使用的杀菌剂大大增加了可以进行的手术种类。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特因他的贡献而常被称为现代外科手术之父。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Althugh he was questined by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas tk ff and helped create a diet f prcessed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have cntinued t grw in ppularity with mre scientific research shwing the health benefits f such a diet. (尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康的好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。)”可知，比歇尔·本纳的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen (英国物理学家(Peter Mansfield )，与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知，Peter Mansfield 与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English surgen (外科医生) Lister pineered the use f antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly imprved survival rates frm majr surgery. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。)”、Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中“Bircher-Benner was a pineering Swiss physician and nutritinist. (比歇尔·本纳是瑞士医生和营养学家的先驱。)”、Paracelsus (1493—1541)部分中“Swiss-German physician and leading health refrmer. (瑞士-德国医生和主要的卫生改革者。)”、Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中“English physicist wh with Peter Lauterbur helped t develp magnetic resnance imaging (MRI) which gets dctrs t see inside a patient’s bdy withut needing t cut it pen.(英国物理学家，他与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)”可知，约瑟夫·李斯特和彼得·曼斯菲尔德来自英国，马克西米利安·比歇尔·本纳是瑞士人，帕拉塞尔苏斯是瑞士-德国人。因此，他们主要来自欧洲。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Thrughut human histry, there is a bttmless well f peple wh made great cntributins s that we can nw enjy a better life. The fllwing are, just fur f thse great minds. (在整个人类历史上，有无数的人做出了巨大的贡献，所以我们现在可以享受更好的生活。以下是其中的四位伟人。)”可知，文章介绍的是为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活做出了杰出贡献。故选D。
B
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very imprtant part f Mexic’s ecsystem, but because f the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all srts f serius dangers. That’s where 73-year-ld Catia Lattuf de Arida cmes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. Her hme in Mexic City has becme knwn as a hummingbird hspital.
Catia’s stry as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult mment in her life. At that time, she fcused n her battle with cancer and fell int a depressin (抑郁). She was walking n the street ne day when she nticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serius eye injury. The kindhearted wman tk it hme and named it Gucci. She managed t nurse Gucci back t health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed t pull her ut f the sadness and lneliness that had taken ver her life.
Wrd f her success spread amng Catia’s friends, and befre lng sme f them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn’t repulse them at all. She began t study the bird and their habits in rder t better take care f them, and after 11 years f experience, the 73-year-ld wman is cnsidered an expert n hummingbirds.
In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. That’s when the need fr her nursing services really blew up. She has cared fr hundreds f hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 f them in her apartment at any ne time. She spends pretty much all her time lking after the tiny birds.
26. What des Catia d with hummingbirds?
A. She cmes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B. She takes up a nurse t treat hummingbirds.
C. She is busy lking after the hummingbirds.
D. She sets up a hummingbird hspital in Mexic City.
27. Which saying can best shw the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A. It is better t give than t take.
B. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C. Helping thers is helping urselves.
D. A bird in hand is wrth tw in the bush.
28. What des the underlined wrd “repulse” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Refuse.B. Expect.C. Accept.D. Recgnize.
29. When were Catia’s nursing services greatly needed?
A. When her friends heard abut her success.
B. When she was cnsidered as a bird expert.
C. After she lked after a large number f the birds.
D. After she shared the birds’ vides n the media.
30. Accrding t the text, Catia can be described as ________.
A. hnest and kindB. caring and respnsible
C. devted and strictD. generus and creative
【答案】26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的Catia Lattuf de Arida作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. (作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟照顾者，她把大部分空闲时间和资源都花在了照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia忙于照顾蜂鸟。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“She managed t nurse Gucci back t health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why? Because the hummingbird managed t pull her ut f the sadness and lneliness that had taken ver her life. (她设法护理Gucci恢复健康，但她说是Gucci救了她。为什么？因为蜂鸟成功地将她从占据她生活的悲伤和孤独中拉了出来。)”可知，Catia Lattuf de Arida救了蜂鸟，同时蜂鸟也把她从悲伤和孤独中拯救出来，由此可知，帮助别人就是在帮助我们自己。故选C。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Wrd f her success spread amng Catia’s friends, and befre lng sme f them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. (她成功的消息在卡蒂亚的朋友们中传开，不久之后，他们中的一些人开始给她带来受伤的蜂鸟。)”和下文“She began t study the bird and their habits in rder t better take care f them, and after 11 years f experience, the 73-year-ld wman is cnsidered an expert n hummingbirds. (为了更好地照顾它们，她开始研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，经过11年的经验，这位73岁的女士被认为是蜂鸟方面的专家)”可知，一些人给她带来受伤的蜂鸟，她应该是没有拒绝他们，接受了这些蜂鸟，因为下文提到她照顾这些蜂鸟，并开始研究它们的习性。由此可知，划线单词意为“拒绝”，与A项“Refuse (拒绝)”意思一样。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. That’s when the need fr her nursing services really blew up. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattuf de Arid开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎。就在那时，对她的护理服务的需求真正爆发了)”可知，在媒体上分享了这些鸟的视频后，Catia的护理服务量急剧增加，故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“That’s where 73-year-ld Catia Lattuf de Arida cmes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devtes mst f her free time and resurces t nursing the tiny birds back t health. (这就是73岁的Catia Lattuf de Arida发挥作用的地方。作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)”可知，Catia很有爱心。根据最后一段中“In rder t raise awareness f the difficult situatin f hummingbirds in Mexic, Catia Lattuf de Arida started psting vides f the patients in her Mexic City apartment n scial media, and many f them became ppular. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattuf de Arida开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎)”可知，她致力于提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，这说明她很有责任心。故选B。
C
When yu are nline, yu can be anyne r anything. Yu can create yur wn image and a new persnality. These digital identities are knwn as avatars (化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in rle-playing cmputer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few peple knew that future avatars wuld have such a wide variety f frms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When peple started creating their wn avatars, they discvered that they were ging t have the pwer t create new identities that did nt lk r act like their real selves at all. They culd dress their avatars in fancy clthes, r they culd try being smene f the ppsite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars wuld be seen by many peple, nt just their friends, they started having mre than ne avatar. Avatars let yu express yurself and they give yu lts f rm fr creativity.
Of curse, the avatar yu chse says a lt abut yur persnality. If yur blg avatar is a picture f a cute cat, yur message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-knwn cartn characters r laughing mnkeys say “I’m a really funny persn”. Mst peple create avatars that have similar features t their persnalities and that lk mre r less like them and act like them. Hwever, peple bviusly make their avatars lk better than they d in real life.
Nwadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In mst web chats, peple chse an avatar frm a selectin f ready-made images r create their wn images. Yu can als use avatars that mve arund and talk when yu type in yur message.
Despite the advantages f avatars, the use f avatars has als caused a few cncerns. Sme users wrry that they are spending s much time in virtual wrlds that they are becming afraid f meeting peple in the real wrld. The use f several avatars can als be a risk, as peple can use avatars t cheat thers nline.
31. What is pssibly the main idea f paragraph 2?
A. Avatars in cmputer games.B. Applicatins f avatars.
C. Develpment f avatars.D. Varieties f avatars.
32. What can be inferred in paragraph 3?
A. Mre attentin frm the public made peple have mre avatars.
B. Peple’s avatars culd be seen nly by their friends.
C. Avatars limited the rm fr peple’s creativity.
D. Peple’s new identities were very pwerful.
33 Hw des the authr present his view pints in paragraph 4?
A. By telling a stry.B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing data.D. By making cmparisns.
34. What is a majr cncern abut the use f avatars?
A. Peple are nt brave enugh t meet thers in the virtual wrlds.
B. The use f avatars is nt s risky as peple have expected.
C. Peple are spending t much time in the real wrld.
D. Users may be tricked by thers nline.
35. Where is the text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A magazine.C. A guidebk.D. A scientific fictin.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“The first simple 2D avatars appeared in rle-playing cmputer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few peple knew that future avatars wuld have such a wide variety f frms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.(第一个简单的2D化身出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，它们已被用于网络聊天)”可知，第二段的主旨是虚拟形象的发展。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When Internet users realized that their avatars wuld be seen by many peple, nt just their friends, they started having mre than ne avatar.(当互联网用户意识到他们的头像会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个头像)”可知，公众的更多关注让人们有了更多的头像。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Of curse, the avatar yu chse says a lt abut yur persnality. If yur blg avatar is a picture f a cute cat, yur message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-knwn cartn characters r laughing mnkeys say “I’m a really funny persn”. Mst peple create avatars that have similar features t their persnalities and that lk mre r less like them and act like them. Hwever, peple bviusly make their avatars lk better than they d in real life.(当然，你所选择的头像也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是“喜欢放松和快乐”。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子会说“我是一个非常有趣的人”。大多数人创建的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为也像他们。然而，人们显然会让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好)”可知，作者在第4段中通过举例表达他的观点。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The use f several avatars can als be a risk, as peple can use avatars t cheat thers nline.(同时使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人)”可知，使用虚拟形象的主要顾虑是用户可能在网上被其他人欺骗。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When yu are nline, yu can be anyne r anything. Yu can create yur wn image and a new persnality. These digital identities are knwn as avatars (化身).(当你在线时，你可以是任何人或任何事。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份被称为化身)”结合文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。可知，文章来自杂志。故选B。
第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu use “123456”, “passwrd’’ r “qwerty” as a passwrd, yu’re prbably aware that yu’re at the risk f being attacked by hackers (黑客). But yu’re nt alne. _____36_____ Recently, passwrd management service NrdPass has carried ut a study t determine the 200 mst cmmnly used passwrds arund the wrld. They analyzed the data acrss 50 cuntries.
The findings shw passwrd chices are ften attached t cultural references. _____37_____ In the UK, “liverpl” was the third mst ppular passwrd, with 224,160 hits, while the name f Chilean ftball club “clcl” was used by 15,748 peple in Chile, making it the fifth mst cmmn chice.
_____38_____ Wmen tend t use mre psitive and affectinate (深情的) wrds and phrases such as “sunshine” r “I lve yu”, while men ften use sprts-related passwrds. In sme cuntries, men use mre swear wrds than wmen.
Chsing lng and cmplex passwrds remains the main authenticatin mechanism (身份验证机制) fr cmputers and netwrk-based prducts and services. But we knw peple cntinue t chse weak passwrds and ften dn’t manage them securely. _____39_____
T vercme the security issues linked with passwrd-based authenticatin systems, researchers and develpers are nw cncentrating n creating authenticatin systems which dn’t depend n passwrds at all. _____40_____ Fr example, tw-factr authenticatin (2FA) and multi-factr authenticatin (MFA) methds are gd ways t secure yur accunts. These methds cmbine a passwrd with bimetric infrmatin (fr example, a face scan r fingerprint) r smething distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码). All in all, a secure passwrd is the first line f defense against Internet attacks. Dn’t give up security fr cnvenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under ptential nline security threats.
B. The findings shw that passwrds tell ur emtins and ur identity.
C. Besides, there are ther ways t prtect yur persnal infrmatin.
D. These are amng the mst ppular passwrds arund the wrld.
E. The reprt als reflected different preferences between genders.
F. Peple in sme cuntries take inspiratin frm a ftball team.
G They need the supprt f cmputer experts.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对措施。
【36题详解】
上文“If yu use “123456”, “passwrd’’ r “qwerty” as a passwrd, yu’re prbably aware that yu’re at the risk f being attacked by hackers (黑客). But yu’re nt alne. (如果你使用‘23456’、‘passwrd’或‘qwerty’作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不孤单)”说明人们最常使用的密码形式，D项“这些是世界上最流行的密码中的一些。”承接上文，指出上文中提到的密码是非常流行的密码，符合语境，选项中“These”指代上文提及的密码样例。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“In the UK, “liverpl” was the third mst ppular passwrd, with 224,160 hits, while the name f Chilean ftball club “clcl” was used by 15,748 peple in Chile, making it the fifth mst cmmn chice.(在英国，‘利物浦’是第三大热门密码，点击量为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部‘科洛科洛’的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码)”列举了两支著名的球队名称，说明足球相关的词汇也会被设置为密码，空处应讲述有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；F项“一些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。”与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
空处是本段的主旨句，下文“Wmen tend t use mre psitive and affectinate (深情的) wrds and phrases such as “sunshine” r “I lve yu”, while men ften use sprts-related passwrds.(女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如‘阳光’或‘我爱你’，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码)”说明本段主要讲述男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；E项“报告还反映了不同性别的偏好。”与本段描述内容一致，适合作为段落主旨句。故选E。
【39题详解】
上文“But we knw peple cntinue t chse weak passwrds and ften dn’t manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们)”说明人们选择不安全密码，并且通常没有安全管理密码；A项“因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。”介绍使用不安全密码的后果，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【40题详解】
下文“Fr example, tw-factr authenticatin (2FA) and multi-factr authenticatin (MFA) methds are gd ways t secure yur accunts. These methds cmbine a passwrd with bimetric infrmatin (fr example, a face scan r fingerprint) r smething distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码).(例如，双因素身份验证（2FA）和多因素身份验证（MFA）方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息（例如，面部扫描或指纹）或其他可识别的信息（如验证码)结合起来）”举例说明保护个人信息的方法，C项“此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息。”介绍有保护个人信息的其他方法，引出下文的例子，符合题意。故选C。
第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying ges, a seed can change the wrld; a variety can benefit a natin.
Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ____41____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth. The 50-year-ld, wh is called the “mther f wheat”, is a ____42____ at the Xiangyang Academy f Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research int new varieties requires strict standards and ____43____ experiments. “The first ____44____ is t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse. Then we try a hybrid cmbinatin,” Zhang explained, “After several generatins f ____45____ and selectin, and when characteristics remain stable, we ____46____ a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.” And after several mre funds f tests, a(n) ____47____ fr evaluatin and apprval can be made fr market prductin.
“Generally speaking, a gd new ____48____ shuld prduce high yields, have stable prductin, and ____49____ gd resistance t bad cnditins,” she added. “ _____50_____ , it als shuld be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team _____51_____ 70,000 t 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year rund they were busy with _____52_____ experiments n the grwth f the new seedling sand making recrds and analyses.
“Agricultural research wrk is _____53_____ and cmplicated. Smetimes yur effrts d nt _____54_____. All we can d then is think mre, discuss mre and find _____55_____ n the land,” she said.
41. A. advertisingB. cultivatingC. discussingD. bserving
42. A. jurnalistB. researcherC. teacherD. manager
43. A. preciseB. efficientC. simpleD. expensive
44. A. stepB. attemptC. methdD. questin
45. A. encuragementB. supprtC. managementD. trial
46. A. nearbyB. cntinueC. beginD. repeat
47. A. practiceB. applicatinC. applianceD. invitatin
48. A. envirnmentB. machineC. farmlandD. variety
49. A. prduceB. enhanceC. shwD. develp
50. A. BesidesB. HweverC. TherefreD. Otherwise
51. A. wateredB. bughtC. prtectedD. planted
52. A. reprtingB. designingC. cnductingD. studying
53. A. tughB. nrmalC. variedD. specific
54. A. end upB. let dwnC. break upD. pay ff
55. A. answersB. cmfrtC. dreamsD. curage
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. bserving观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties f wheat”可知，是培育小麦。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位被称为“小麦之母”的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. jurnalist记者；B. researcher研究者；C. teacher教师；D. manager经理。根据上文“wh has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，”张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. methd方法；D. questin问题。根据“t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encuragement鼓励；B. supprt支持；C. management管理；D. trial试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. nearby在附近；B. cntinue继续；C. begin开始；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. applicatin申请；C. appliance家用电器；D. invitatin邀请。根据“And after several mre runds f tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充道：“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。” A. envirnment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ____1____ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。
49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. prduce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. shw表明，表现；D. develp发展。根据“gd resistance t bad cnditins”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. Hwever然而；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合“it als shuld be accepted by the market”可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bught购买；C. prtected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 t 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reprting报道；B. designing设计；C. cnducting进行；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments n the grwth f the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tugh棘手的，艰难的；B. nrmal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“cmplicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. let dwn使失望；C. break up破裂；D. pay ff回报。根据上文“Agricultural research wrk is ____13____ and cmplicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. answers答案；B. cmfrt安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. curage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think mre, discuss mre”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。
第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
Flds are cmmn and ____56____(frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect arund 250 millin peple wrldwide. Thugh the causes f flds-usually heavy rainfall r melting snw-are ____57____(avidable), knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make a difference.
Befre a fld ccurs, we must wrk ____58____(reduce) the risk t peple and their valuables. Firstly, yu shuld prepare disaster supplies ____59____ include a light surce, sleeping bags, warm clthes, and mst imprtantly, at least three days f fd and drinking water. Secndly, yu shuld bring the mst imprtant bjects t the ____60____(up) levels f yur huse.
During a fld, it’s imprtant t leave ____61____ yu are immediately. The lnger yu stay, the mre danger yu’ll be in. Be sure t mve t higher grund. If yu’re already inside a building, mve t the upper flr. Dn’t walk ____62____drive thrugh the mving fldwater, since as little as 15 centimetres f mving water is enugh t knck an adult dwn, and 60 centimetres can wash mst cars away.
____63____ a fld, listen fr fficial news reprts t find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme. As yu return hme, watch ut fr pssible ____64____(danger). The fld may have damaged rads and pwer lines. Keep away frm the fldwater, because it may _____65_____(pllute) and unsafe t tuch.
【答案】56. frequently
57. unavidable
58. t reduce
59. which##that
60. upper 61. where
62. r 63. After
64. dangers##danger
65. be plluted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词，使用副词，故填frequently。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文“knwledge f the crrect prcedures befre, during and after a fld can make a difference.( 但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)”可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空白处应填avidable的反义词，需在avidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavidable。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填t reduce。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。分析句子结构，这是一个包含先行词为disaster supplies的限定性定语从句的复合句，空白处在定语从句中指物作主语，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。
【60题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据句意，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。
【61题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空白处在宾语从句中作地点状语，使用where引导宾语从句，故填where。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文“Dn’t walk(不要走路)”以及下文“drive(开车)”可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填r。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文“find ut when it’s safe t return t yur hme(看看什么时候可以安全回家)”可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空白处应填表示“之后”含义的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：在你回家的时候，要小心可能的危险。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示“危险”，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填dangers/danger。
【65题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空白处前面已经有情态动词may，空白处填be+过去分词，故填be plluted。
第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66. As the impact f human activities cntinues, the list f species in danger f ________(extinct) becmes lnger. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】extinctin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着人类活动的持续影响，面临灭绝危险的物种名单变得更长。空前是介词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式是extinctin。故填extinctin。
67. As a result , mst f the frest’s nutrients are lcked up in the plants themselves, thus ______(allw) them t grw at an unbelievable speed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】allwing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：结果，森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面，从而使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。此处为thus ding sth.，现在分词作结果状语，表意料之中的结果。故填allwing。
68. We have t achieve a balance envirnmentally and ________ (ecnmy). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ecnmically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须在环境和经济上实现平衡。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用副词ecnmically“在经济上，经济地”，与空前的envirnmentally并列，作状语，修饰achieve。故填ecnmically。
69. They arrived at the airprt, nly ________ (find) the flight had been canceled due t the snwstrm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】t find
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。“nly +不定式”作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且They与find构成主动关系，应用find“发现”的不定式。故填t find。
70. T her great _________ (relieve), the fficer immediately realized the cming danger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。t ne’s+情绪名词是固定搭配，表示“令某人……的是”，因此空处填不可数名词relief“宽慰”作宾语。t ne’s relief“令某人宽慰的是”。故填relief。
71. A typhn is a ______ (destry) strm that ccurs in the nrth-west Pacific Ocean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destructive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：台风是发生在西北太平洋的破坏性风暴。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词strm，destry的形容词是destructive，意为“破坏性的”，故填destructive。
72. Listen t the radi t keep yurself________(infrm) f what is ging n. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】infrmed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：听收音机让自己知道发生了什么事。分析可知，设空处应用非谓语动词，宾语yurself和动词infrm是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处用过去分词形式作宾补。故填infrmed。
73. When yu wish t g n hliday, yu can make all yur travel ___________(arrange) just in frnt f the cmputer. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrangements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。名词arrangement作宾语，根据句意可知，表示多个安排，用复数形式arrangements。故填arrangements。
74. It is ur ________ (respnsible) as scientists t declare the value f science. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】respnsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为科学家，我们有责任宣布科学的价值。根据句意及英文提示词可知，此处使用名词respnsibility“责任”，作表语。故填respnsibility。
75. Frtune favurs the ________ (prepare) mind. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prepared
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：幸运总是垂青有准备的人。根据名词mind可知此处要用形容词，作定语，prepared“准备好的”。故填prepared。
第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76. 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand) (汉译英)
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】We shuld wrk hand in hand t ensure factries develp in an envirnmentally friendly way./We need t wrk hand in hand t ensure the factry develps in a green way.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词（短语）、名词、介词短语和宾语从句。主语为we，表示“需要携手做某事”可用shuld wrk hand in hand t d或need t wrk hand in hand t d，表示“确保”应用动词ensure，后面的内容为“确保”的内容，可处理为省略that的宾语从句；从句中，表示“工厂”可用复数名词factries，也可用单数名词the factry，作主语，表示“以环保的方式发展”可翻译为develp in an envirnmentally friendly way/in a green way，时态应用一般现在时。故翻译为We shuld wrk hand in hand t ensure factries develp in an envirnmentally friendly way./We need t wrk hand in hand t ensure the factry develps in a green way.
77. 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（ccur t sb；tsunami）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定句型、名词、副词、主谓一致、形容词。表示“某人突然想到”用固定句型it ccurs t sb. that..,，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中ccur t sb.“（主意或想法突然）浮现于……脑中，被……想到”，其中t为介词，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式ccurred；表示“突然”用副词immediately，作状语，修饰ccurred；表示“她”用her，作t的宾语。主语从句中：表示“这些”用these，作主语；事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为these，表示“是”be动词用were；表示“迹象”用sign，结合these可知，迹象不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作表语；表示“……的”用介词f；表示“将来临的”用形容词appraching，作定语，修饰“海啸”；表示“海啸”用tsunami，此处泛指“一个将来临的海啸”，且appraching以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，应用名词单数形式tsunami，作f的宾语；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
78. 当与其他网络用户交流时，你需要表示尊重。（cmmunicate with）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】Yu need t shw respect when cmmunicating with ther nline users.##Yu need t shw respect when yu cmmunicate with ther nline users.##Cmmunicating with ther nline users, yu need t shw respect.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词、固定短语、名词、时间状语从句、形容词、状语从句中的省略。表示“你”用yu，作主语。表示“需要”用need，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为yu，故谓语用动词原形。表示“表示尊重”用固定短语shw respect，用不定式t shw作need的宾语。表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用时间状语从句，时间状语从句中：用yu“你”作主语；表示“与……交流”用固定短语cmmunicate with，从句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为yu，故谓语用动词原形；表示“其他”用形容词ther，作定语，修饰“网络用户”；表示“网络的，在线的”用形容词nline，作定语，修饰“用户”； 表示“用户”用user，用户不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作with的宾语；表示“当……时”用when，引导从句；或者从句表示正在进行的动作，从句时态用现在进行时，谓语用are cmmunicating，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，本句中的时间状语从句省略yu are，保留cmmunicating。或者表示“当与其他网络用户交流时”用非谓语动词短语作状语，yu与cmmunicate为主动关系，用现在分词形式cmmunicating，作状语。故翻译为Yu need t shw respect when cmmunicating with ther nline users.或Yu need t shw respect when yu cmmunicate with ther nline users.或Cmmunicating with ther nline users, yu need t shw respect.
79. 他沉浸在书中，没有注意我进入房间。（be lst in）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.
Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.
He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句子描述过去的一般情况，使用一般过去时，主语“他”he，“沉浸于”be lst in，主语是he，be动词使用was，介词in后接宾语“书”the bk，“注意到某人做某事”ntice sb. d sth.，使用否定式didn’t ntice与was lst并列，使用并列连词and连接，作并列谓语，“进入房间”g int/enter the rm，即He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.；也可使用he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm作为句子主干，be lst in the bk作非谓语，去掉be动词，使用过去分词形式作状语，lst置于句首，首字母大写，即Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm.；也可使用He was lst in the bk作为句子主干，“没有注意到我进入房间”作非谓语，ntice与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，否定词nt置于nticing之前，即He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.。故翻译为：He was lst in the bk and didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm. / Lst in the bk, he didn’t ntice me g int/enter the rm. / He was lst in the bk, nt nticing me g int/enter the rm.
80. 在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________.
【答案】The trials n patients were likely t be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
It was likely that the trials n patients wuld be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态、短语和句型。本句在陈述过去的事情，为一般过去时。“在病人身上进行实验”译为the trials n patients，作主语，“可能做某事”译为be likely t d sth.，“推迟”译为pstpne/delay/put ff，与主语为被动关系，所以使用动词不定式的被动语态。本句也可以用it be likely that，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去将来时，主语与谓语为被动关系。故翻译为The trials n patients were likely t be pstpned/delayed/put ff.或It was likely that the trials n patients wuld be pstpned/delayed/put ff.
第四部分 写作（满分20分）
81. 假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technlgy gadgets
Dear David,
I’m glad t invite yu t the Science Festival
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad t invite yu t the Science Festival t be held in ur schl next Mnday t enjy the students’ technlgy gadgets.
The Science Festival is scheduled t take place n the playgrund frm 8 a.m. t 11 a.m., lasting three hurs. Its purpse is t encurage us students t think creatively as well as share ur wrks with thers. At this festival, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life. What’s mre, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgy gadgets and perfrm them n the spt, which I think will be the mst exciting part.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd jin in the cming Science Festival. Lking frward t yur reply and expecting yur cming.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，想邀请英国交换生David下周一参加你校举办的“科技节”，并观赏学生们的“科技小发明”。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:1.写信意图；2.活动时间和地点；3.活动目的和内容；4.表达希望。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Science Festival（科技节），technlgy gadgets（科技小发明），hld（举办），creatively（创造性地）， share（分享），intrduce（介绍），perfrm（表演），inventr(发明者)及functin（功能）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be scheduled t d（被安排、定于），take place（发生），n the spt（在现场），as well as (也、和)，encurage sb t d（鼓励某人做某事）以及be f great use（有很大用处），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“What’s mre, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgy gadgets and perfrm them n the spt, which I think will be the mst exciting part.”，定语从句“At this festival, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life.”，形式宾语“I wuld appreciate it if yu culd jin in the cming Science Festival.”，非谓语动词“The Science Festival is scheduled t take place n the playgrund frm 8 a.m. t 11 a.m., lasting three hurs.”及“Its purpse is t encurage us students t think creatively as well as share ur wrks with thers.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
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