英语-2024年高考考前最后一课课件

这是一份英语-2024年高考考前最后一课课件，共24页。
目录考前技能篇【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧……P2【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧….P26【考前技能篇3】完形填空的解题技巧….P59【考前技能篇4】语法填空的解题技巧...P68【考前技能篇5】七选五试题解题技巧….P88【考前技能篇6】 短文改错的解题技巧.P112【考前技能篇7】 应用文写作解题技巧.P122【考前技能篇8】读后续写的解题技巧.P135知识梳理篇【知识梳理1】2014-2023高考已考过的词形转换79例.............................................P147【知识梳理2】2024年高考可能考的名词词形转换109例…………………………………P150【知识梳理3】2024年高考可能考的形容词词形转换70例………………………………P152【知识梳理4】2024年高考可能考的阅读高频词120例………………………………….P154【知识梳理5】2024年高考可能考的熟词生义100词……………………………………P156【知识梳理6】2024年高考熟词生义18例…………………………………………….P165【知识梳理7】2023年高考熟词生义33例……………………………………………..P168【知识梳理8】2022年高考熟词生义25例……………………………………………….P172【知识梳理9】2021年高考熟词生义29例………………….……………………….P176【知识梳理10】2020年高考熟词生义20例……………………….…………………….P180【知识梳理11】2018-2023高考派生词合成词108例…………….………………………P182临考心理篇【临考心理篇1】冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考...............................P192【临考心理篇2】高考倒计时即将清零，要有怎样的心理准备…………………………..P195考场注意篇【考场注意篇】做好万全准备，决胜考场.............................................P196考后疏导篇【考后疏导篇1】七种方法舒缓高考后心理压力............................................P200【考后疏导篇2】高考结束适当娱乐可以放松不可放纵............................................P206终极押题篇【终极押题】2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（新课标卷）…P210易错梳理篇【考前技能篇1】听力理解的解题技巧高中英语听力测试部分在整套试题中占有重要地位。它要求大家从头到尾按顺序往下听，在有限的时间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的余地。因此大家学习一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法是很有必要的。一、听力应试策略听前：略读题目，切入话题，划出重点，预测内容（确定人物身份）听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，有的放矢，去伪存真（短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H）【when，where，what/which，who，why，how】听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，综合考虑，一锤定音。二、快速记录能力心记：这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。笔记：1)运用速记符号例如：↑up↓down ←left →right =equal 2)发明并运用字母的缩写形式Ex—expensive lg—large eq—earthquake三、听力预测技巧 1.对话预测：在听取对话，尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation时，考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预测：Who are the two speakers?What is the possible Relationships between them?When did they have the conversation?Where did the conversation take place?Why do they have the conversation?What did they plan to do?2.语篇预测：了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息What facts did the speaker offer?What facts did the speaker fail to offer依靠开篇句预测：英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所以大家要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。例如：Americans have a popular saying“Time is money。”从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围：1)这是一篇关于时间的话题。2)涉及对象是美国人。四、听力高分应试策略[题材特点] 听力材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。[考查热点] 1.语境判断：对话者身份、所处地点、情绪、天气状况等。2.数字推算：电话号码、出生日期、金钱数字、路程距离、时间长短等。3.行为预测：对话者谈话的主题，以及将要去干什么。4,细节推断：事情发生的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果等。5.对话涉及话题：计划打算、工作学习、购物、旅游、看病、生日、体育、求助等1.领略主旨大意，概括话题内容这类试题在高中听力试题中约占2小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：What’s the passage mainly about?What’s the topic of the passage?What are the two speakers doing?What are the two speakers talking about?What is the dialogue/conversation about?2.捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实这类试题在高中听力试题中约占8小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：Where is the woman going?How does the man pay for the tickets?What’s wrong with the girl?When does the woman plan to arrive?What’s the man’s house number?How many hours does Tom sleep a day?Why does the man thank the woman?Which of the following is true?3.推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式有：Where does this conversation take place?Where is the woman speaking?Where did the conversation most likely happen?When does the dialogue take place?Who do you think the woman probably is?What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?4.领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?What can we know /learn about the woman?What does the man mean?What does the speakers want to tell us?What is the probable result of the conversation?五、常见高考听力考点归纳和总结1.数字许多听力材料中涉及数字，例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等，并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式出现，这就要求大家辨别各种形式的数字，还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如：减价：20%off，special offer，special price，25% discount，sale原价：regular price，normal price增长：10% increase in? 1/3 climb in?下降：23% fall in?5.5% decrease in?提示1：如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等，大家可采取听写记录所需数字。提示2：对判断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中判断符合题意的数字。提示3：对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简单的数学四则运算，需稍加计算，才能得出正确答案。2.地点地点型试题主要考查地点，该项内容的考查多为以where开头的特殊疑问句，如：Where does the conversation most probably take place?(这段对话最可能发生在什么场合?)解这类试题时，我们需要有一些积累和推断。提示1：熟悉、积累常用地名，如国家、首都、大城市、著名的标志性建筑以及山川河流的名称等提示2：熟悉、积累与各个地点场所有关的单词、短语、句型和场景。3.推断推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查学生对人物身份、关系，人物态度、情感以及事件原因的推断。一般来说，此类题通常出现在短对话中。提示1：平时熟悉、积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景，测试时根据对话内容所提供的称呼语、关键词，结合生活常识进行判断。提示2：熟悉、积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思，以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息，进行准确判断。提示3：认真听清事件发生的全部过程及前因后果，去粗取精，去伪存真，才能找出事件发生的真正原因。六、听力题型应试对策1.场景型问题解题技巧：分析选项目, 预测可能出现的词汇,短语,句子.仔细辨认对话中的语境相关词,特别是场景词汇及习惯用语.2.人物关系及身份题解题技巧：仔细辨认对话中的职业相关词,抓住其相关的关键词进行答题。在听人物之间关系的题目时，说话人之间的语气尤其重要，如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般较强硬，有命令的意味；而如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切；服务员对顾客一般较尊敬。3.数字型问题解题技巧：数字、时间类题可分为直接信息型和间接信息型两种。对于直接信息型的题，答案在录音中直接给出, 大家可以很容易地选出; 而间接信息型的题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间, 需要听清这些数字/时间, 并搞清楚它们之间的关系, 有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等。无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单，一般不会超出口算和心算的范围。在做题的过程当中,最好做简要的笔记。这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。　4. 推理判断题解题技巧：该题型在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。判断原因有时很容易, 往往在录音中有 because, because of, for, as, since, now that, due to, owing to, that’s why ... 等暗示信息。而有时要通过上下文来进行逻辑推理。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句, 审好题干, 做好听前预测, 边听边记录。1．捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调表示怀疑、惊讶或否定。2．侧重but词后的信息，这些词后的信息往往比较重要。3．注意一些语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；I wish I could be in 2 places at once.It couldn’t be better.I couldn’t agree more.You can never/not be too carefulI have never seen a better film.听力中要特别注意but 后的内容。因为but前的往往是婉转的客套话，而后面的才是真正的心里话，在口语表达中更常见的还有以下几个连接标志：to be honest, to tell the truth, in fact, as a matter of fact,actually等I’d like…, but…I was planning to…, but…I’m sorry to hear that, but…That’s great, but…5.观点态度题说话者的意图、观点或态度也和具体语言环境有关，只有结合具体语境进行归纳或推理，才能理解说话者真正的意图、观点或态度。解题技巧：注意对话中肯定与否定回答.肯定回答: Yes/Absolutely/ I agree with you… ;否定回答: I’m sorry, I’m busy now，I’m afraid I can’t……常见语气词:well—委婉否定6.主旨大意题这类题不仅要求大家能够听懂对话或独白, 而且要求具有较高的概括能力。七、听力场景词汇总结 高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的，有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思，还要知道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的，掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式，也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的关键。 1.餐馆场景order点菜；serve上菜；change零钱；Keep the change!不用找零钱了！tip小费；treat请客(This is my treat!我请客!)；go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty. ) ；steak牛排；cheese奶酪；sandwich三明治；bacon腌肉；soup汤；plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的)；dessert甜品，水果(作为正餐的最后一道)；go out for dinner / dinner out出去吃饭；snack bar小吃街，大排挡；hamburger汉堡包；coke可口可乐；French fries炸薯条；dining hall食堂；coffee shop咖啡店；restaurant餐馆；cafeteria自助餐厅或食堂；canteen食堂.2. 邮局场景stamp envelope package /parcel包裹；overweight超重；extra postage额外邮资；send / post / deliver a letter /mail寄/发信；express mail快件；airmail航空信件；surface mail陆地邮寄；open an account开一个账户。3.图书馆场景library card；borrow；lend；keep；renew续借；bookshelf；novel；science fiction科幻小说；magazine；periodical期刊；reference book；librarian图书管理员；pay a fine交罚款；Can I help you? / What can I do for you?4.医院及健康场景aspirin 阿司匹林；regular doctor私人医生；emergence department急诊室；ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房；treatment治疗手段；take one’s temperature / blood pressure测量体温/血压；medicine/pills /tablets药丸/药片；heart attack心脏病；cold / flu流感；have/ catch a cold；pain；headache；stomach-ache；backache；sore-throat喉咙痛；cough; fever；What’s up?(多用于男生之间)How is it going? How are you?回答：I’m fine. / I feel good/ terrific. / I couldn’t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me.好。I am not feeling good. / I feel terrible/horrible/awful. /I am not myself these days.不好。(注意听语气：身体好的时候，语调上扬，语气非常欢快；身体不好的时候，降调，语气非常郁闷。)5.电话场景operator接线员；Extension six two two six, please.请转 6226。The line is bad / busy / engaged. It kept a busy line.电话占线。long distance call长途电话；collect call对方付费的电话；put through接通电话；hold on / up；Hold the line, please. Hello! This is... speaking. Who’s speaking? / who is this? call / telephone / ring / phone sb.；give sb. a call / ring；I’ll call back later / again. I’ll ring him / her up again. I couldn’t get through. Sorry, I’m afraid you have the wrong number.6. 酒店场景make a reservation预订房间；reception desk接待处；check in人住；check out结账；single room单间；suite 套间；Do you have a reservation, Sir? Have you got any vacant room? (=Is there any room available here?)有空房间吗？All the room are occupied.房间已满。Can I have a suite please? How much do you charge for that? Smoking or no smoking? Meals included.包括饮食。Can I show you your room? / Can I carry your luggage?7.超速场景speeding；May I see your license, please? You will be fined by $20.8. 购物场景store杂货店；department store百货商场；shopping center购物中心；商品信息：size；color；style；price；What color/size/kind do you want?商品论贵贱：expensive, cheap；价格论高低：high, low；bargain便宜货；popular /fashionable流行的；in fashion流行，时尚；out of fashion过时的；brand品牌；counter柜台；pay in cash用现金支付；pay in check用支票支付；credit card 信用卡；shop assistant 商店营业员；out of stock脱销/缺货；in stock有货。9. 天气场景cloudy阴天；overcast多云；thunder打雷；strong/high wind大风；tornado龙卷风；typhoon台风；storm风暴；blizzard暴风雨；It rains cats and dogs. (=The rain is pouring.) 下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨；shower阵雨；clear up天空放晴；put away clothes下雨收衣服；weather in London / Seattle意指不好的天气；weather in California意指好天气；经常和天气相联系的情况：vacation和flight (航班)(be delayed/cancelled by the bad weather)10. 机场场景airport机场；flight航班；Welcome onboard.欢迎登机。bound for...飞往……方向去的；check in办理登机手续；behind schedule晚点；take off起飞；land降落。 11.人物关系试题中常涉及到的人物关系对话中常涉及的人物关系包括：夫妻(husband-wife)、父子(father- son)、母女(mother -daughter)、师生(teacher-student)、同学(schoolmates/classmates)、同事(colleagues)、老板与秘书(boss - secretary)、雇主与雇员(employer-employee)、医生与病人 (doctor-patient) 、服务员与顾客 (waiter/waitress - customer) 、主人与客人 (host/hostess - guest)、警察与司机(policeman- driver)、管理员与借阅者(1ibrarian- reader)、房东与租房者(1andlord/1andlady-tenant)、接见者；采访者与被接见者，被访问者(interviewer-interviewee) 等。八、2023年全国新高考I&II卷听力解析1. 话题概述：2023年高考英语新高考I、II卷中听力部分选材多样化，话题贴近日常生活，包括周末计划、结账、与朋友相约见面、上大学的感受等。选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题语境。本次听力考试突出显示英语的人际交往功能（包括陌生人之间、朋友之间、店主和顾客之间以及采访者和被采访者之间），实用性强，能够培养学生在人际交往中熟练地使用英语沟通的能力。2. 亮点呈现：Text 2向陌生人求助帮忙看包，显示了陌生人之间的信任关系；Text 8意外获得姐姐（妹妹）的一本旧书，对话安排巧妙且有曲折，显现了浓厚的亲情关系；Text 9采访一名学生的上学感受，贴近学生生活、关注学生情感；Text 10推销一本生活杂志，提醒人们享受美好生活。3. 设题规律：本套题有10个事实细节题；8个推理判断题；1个主旨大意题；1个观点态度题。疑问词分布相对均衡：12个what，1个when，3个why，2个where，1个how，1个who。设题方面：题干设置灵活度高，且有难度。选项设置简短，干扰性强，更加注重考查学生对信息的推理、转换以及快速反应能力。4. 播音特点主播：英美组合，同2023年1月浙江卷/山东卷和2022年11月二级卷。语速：约130词/分。原文单词量：860左右。注意变化：第二节的结构是2-2-4-4-3，此前高考真题中从未出现过。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will Jack probably do this weekend? A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film. Text 1 【周末计划】词数:33W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.1. C。【解析】事实细节题。Jack说如果这周末天气晴朗，他和朋友就去露营。女士说天气预报说要下雨。根据Jack的话“In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.”可知，Jack这周末可能要去看电影。故选C。2. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Take care of her bags. B. Pack the food for her. C. Check the train schedule. Text 2 【求助】 词数:36W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.2. A。【解析】事实细节题。考查同义转换。根据女士的话“Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment?”可知，女士请求男士帮她看一下行李。故选A。原文中的mind转换成了take care of。3. When will the man see Bob? A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday. Text 3 【计划与安排】 词数:37W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?M: I plan to see him this Saturday.W: Aren’t you going to the conference then?M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.3. B。【解析】事实细节题。女士说Bob出院了，问男士去看望Bob了没。男士说他打算这周六去。女士问男士这周六不是要开会吗，男士说会议已经改到下周一。由此可知，男士这周六将去看望Bob。故选B。4. Why does the man apologize? A. For the terrible food. B. For the overcharge. C. For the waiter’s rudeness. Text 4 【因算错账退顾客钱】词数:37 M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.4. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.”可知，服务员在结账时犯了一个严重的错误，所以男士把10美元还给女士。由此可以推断出，服务员多收了女士10美元，所以向她道歉。故选B。5. What are the speakers talking about? A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present. Text 5 【新年礼物】词数:31 W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the New Year?M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.5. C。【解析】主旨大意题。对话开头女士问男士是否应该给Steve买本书作为新年礼物。男士说书很好，但Steve不会接受随便的书。结合整个对话可知，说话者主要围绕给Steve买新年礼物这个话题展开对话的。故选C。第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why does Sara make the phone call? A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment. 7. What does David want to do? A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case. Text 6 【相约见面】词数:88 M: Hello, Sarah.W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. (6) Sorry.M: Oh, what happened?W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.M: Well, then I’ll come to you.W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.M: Sarah, please. We need to talk. (7) It’s about my job.W: Then tell me on the phone. (7)M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. (7) How about tomorrow night?W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.M: OK.6. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Sara的话“Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.”可知，她打电话告诉David今晚不能和他共进晚餐了。接着她说明了自己无法赴约的原因。由此可推断出，Sara打电话来是为了取消约会。故选C。7. B。【解析】事实细节题。根据David的话“We need to talk. It’s about my job.”及Sara的话“Then tell me on the phone.”可知，David想找Sara谈谈他的工作，Sara建议在电话里说。结合David的话“No, it’s better if we do it in person.”可知，他想找Sara当面谈。故选B。听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. Where is Jim now? A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office. 9. What is the woman’s suggestion? A. Going to the city center. B. Taking a short cut home. C. Meeting Jim in the park. Text 7 【有客人拜访，着急赶回家】词数:99 W: Jeff will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes. (8)W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.W: Let’s get off. (9) We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.(9)M: Are you sure?W: Yes. A hundred percent. 8. A。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.”可知，Jim发来两条信息告诉男士说他已完成了工作、打上了出租车，还说他大约20分钟后到。由此可推断出，Jim现在在出租车上。故选A。9. B。 【解析】推理判断题。根据女士的话“Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.”可知，她建议下车步行穿过公园回家，这样可以节省至少20分钟。由此可推断出，女士建议抄近路回家。故选B。听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。10. What did Clara do at the weekend? A. She planted vegetables. B. She went to a yard sale. C. She visited her grandpa. 11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought? A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card. 12. Where does Mark live? A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia. 13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley? A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter. Text 8 【意外获得姐姐的一本旧书】词数:176 W: Morning, Mark.M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s.(10) He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you?M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.W: Novels?M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.(11) The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.W: Was it?M: Yes. Ashley, my sister.(13) In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago.(12) Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.10. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Clara的话“I went to my grandpa’s.”可知，她去了祖父家。故选项C。选项A很具有干扰性，注意录音中是pick vegetables（采摘蔬菜），而不是planted vegetables（种植蔬菜）。11. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012.”可知，当他快速翻阅那本小说时，一张纸从里面掉出来了，那是一张2012年的机票。故选A。12. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Mark的话“I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.”可知，他询问书商从哪里得到这本书的，书商说是从洛杉矶的二手书店买的。去年他们一家从洛杉矶搬到了费城。由此可推断出，Mark是在费城买到的这本书，他居住在费城。故选C。点拨：此题有一定的难度，因为录音中没有直接表明Mark的居住地，而是通过书商的所在地来推测出来Mark的居住地的。此段出现了3个地名，学生在听录音时，需做好笔记，整体理解这段话，方可得出答案。13. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“Ashley, my sister.”可知，他与Ashley是姐弟（兄妹）关系。故选A。听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。14. What is probably the woman? A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete. 15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team? A. Adapting himself to the intense training. B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach. C. Regaining the skills learned in high school. 16. What does Victor say about the players on the team? A. They are of the same age. B. They are similar in character. C. They are from different countries. 17. How does Victor feel about his team now? A. It’s about to break up. B. It’s the best in Indiana. C. It’s getting stronger. Text 9 【在印第安纳州上大学的感受】词数:166单词 W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.W: What’s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player? (15)M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day.(15) It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.(16) But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team. (17)W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.14. B。【解析】推理判断题。考查职业身份。女士以Victor在印第安纳州上大学的感受为提问的开始，接下来她又问了Victor作为篮球运动员的一些事项，最后她向Victor表达感谢和祝愿。由此可推断出，女士可能是一名记者。故选B。15. 【解析】事实细节题。女士问Victor作为一名印第安纳州的篮球运动员有什么困难。根据Victor的回答“Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day... I’m just trying to get used to it.”可知，每天高强度的训练让他难以适应。故选A。16. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Victor的话“I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.”可知，篮球队的成员来自不同的国家。故选C。17. C。【解析】观点态度题。根据Victor的话“You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.”可知，他认为球员之间开始亲近、逐渐增强信任关系，他们的团队每天都在成长。故选C。听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。18. Who is Tom Hokinson? A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper. 19. What do we know about the content of The Idler? A. It’s old-fashioned. B. It’s wide-ranging. C. It’s student-targeted. 20. Why does the speaker give the talk? A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer. Text 10 【鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》】词数:160 W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a full and happy life? Today, I’m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993.(18) With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.(19) You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it? The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free. (20)18. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据“The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson, back in 1993.”可知，The Idler是一本杂志，由Tom Hokinson发起。故Tom Hokinson是杂志的创始人。故选A。19. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据“In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.”可知，每一期杂志都包含了有关生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影等内容。你会发现很多有趣的东西，也会发现很多有用的东西，从制作培根的食谱到家政指南。由此可推断出，这本杂志的内容取材广泛。故选B。20. A。【解析】推理判断题。说话者先介绍了杂志The Idler的创始人、创办时间和内容，最后推荐大家下载申请表、订阅杂志。故推断，说话者是为了推销这本杂志。故选A。九、2023年全国甲&乙卷英语听力解析听力概述与复习备考建议语 音：美音词 数： 861语 速： 138词 / 分 考 点：事实细节13个，推理判断: 3个，主旨要义题 2个，观点和态度题 2个材料特征：话题具有多样性，文学艺术方面话题涉及的专业词汇较多，人名地名比较复 杂且设了题，增加了难度，话语流畅，贴近真实语境备考建议：1. 积累同义词，能够在听力中运用同义转述解题2. 关注熟词新义3. 积累话题词汇4. 能够进行简单的推理判断5. 独白近几年常考体美劳方面内容，要多关注6. 整体语速138w/m相比去年要快，尤其前五题141-163w/m，比去年101-138w/m要快很多。6-20题相差不大。建议要适应不同语速的材料，前五题要加强练习。7. 整体难度比去年要难，要重视听力，适应不同主播，不同口音。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.Text 1 【问路指引】词数:32;用时:11.8”;语速:163词/分。W: Could you please tell me how I can get to the student dorm building?M: Sure. Turn left when you walk out of this register office, pass the bookstore and you'll see it.1.答案是B。事实细节题。依据答语“Turn left when you walk out of this register office”推断对话是在登记处进行的。故选B。2. What is the weather like now?A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.Text2 【天气和季节】词数:37:用时:14”;语速:159词/分。M: We couldn't ask for a better day, could we, Barbara?W: I know, Steve. There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year.M: Me too. The flowers are beautiful but calling for rain though.2. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据答语“There isn’t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year”推断天空没有云层，天气晴朗。故选A。3. What does the man want to do on the weekend?A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.Text 3 【周末计划】词数:27;用时:10.9”;语速:149词/分。M: We got any plans this weekend?W: We might start with our vegetable garden then the barbecue. M: Sounds fun, but I still want to go fishing with Georg.3. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据答语“but I still want to go fishing with Georg”推断男士周末想去钓鱼。英语听力对话注意转折之后爱出题。故选C。4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A new office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.Text 4 【询问近况】词数:41;用时:107”;语速:168词/分。 M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.W: You mean the former designer of our company? What’s he doing these days?M: He said he's got a new job as an art reporter.4. 答案是C。主旨大意题。依据内容得知，第一波提及Jack，第二波提及Jack是公司以前的员工，第三波提及Jack最近找到一份新工作，由此推断本对话围绕一名以前同事展开。故选C。5. What do we know about Andrew?A. He’s optimistic. B. He’s active. C. He’s shy.Text 5 【学生会活动】词数:33; 用时:14.4”; 语速:138词/分。 W: Do you often go to the student union, Andrew?M: Pretty much. Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different clubs or associations.5. 答案是B。推理判断题。依据内容得知，依据答语知道Andrew经常去学生会，花费很多时间组织俱乐部活动-，由此推断Andrew非常活跃。故选B。第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Which of the following does the woman dislike?A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.7. What does the woman suggest they do next?A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.Text 6 【公寓比选】词数:61;用时:23.7”;语速:154词/分。 W: What do you think, Terry?M: Well, it has one more bedroom than the last flat and the sitting room is big.W: But there is not enough cupboard space in the kitchen.(6) M: It's cheaper than the last one we saw and it is in a good neighborhood.W: Well, maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us. (7)6. 答案是C。观点态度题。依据第二波对话得知，男士对卧室和客厅满意，但女士认为厨房橱柜空间不够，由此推断她对厨房不满意。故选C。7. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us.得知女士希望中介再推荐其他单元房。故选B。听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is the man doing?A. He’s making a phone call.B. He’s chairing a meeting.C. He’s hosting a program.9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa?A. Lack of medical support.B. Inconvenience of communication.C. Poor transportation system.Text 7【电台采访】词数:85;用时:38.5”;语速:132词/分。 M: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.（8） Now, please tell us do you sometimes feel worried about your daughter, now that she's grown up?W: Oh I worry about her like all parents do. After she graduated from medical school, she went to volunteer medical service in Africa.M: Wow.W: That's okay if communication was fine. But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.（9）8. 答案是C。主旨要义题。依据Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you’ve shared with our listeners.得知，男士在主持一档访谈节目。故选C。9. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.得知有时候没有网络或电话信号，甚至两周不通电话。说明通讯不便引起女士担忧。故选B。听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What position does the man apply for?A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man?A. The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.12. What is difficult for the man to deal with?A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.Text 8 【求职面试】词数:149;用时:66.8”;语速:134词/分。 W: Now sell yourself in a minute please.M: I graduated from university two years ago and have since been working in an accounting company. (10) W: Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers. I have a large amount of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. (10) W: Good! Why did you choose this company?M: Peterson has been my dream company all along. You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive. (11)W: Ah huh. What do you think is your biggest weakness?M: Well, when I work, I often concentrate so much on what I'm doing that I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly. (10) That may be annoying to some people.W: All right. Thank you very much.10. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据have since been working in an accounting company.和I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here.得知，男士在申请会计师这个职位。故选C。11. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive.得知，公司重视进步，关注工作质量，弹性工作时间和在家工作都很吸引求职者。说明男士喜欢公司文化。故选A。12. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly.得知，男士在处理意外事情方面有些困难。故选C。听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer?A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old?A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.15. What did Robert’s father do?A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.16. What helped Robert become a writer?A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.Text 9 【作家分享自己读书历程】词数:220单词;用时:96.4”;语速:137词/分。 W: So Robert I guess you must be well into your third decade as a writer. How is life treating you?M: Fourth decade as a writer. Hmm let me get my calculator out. Well, I guess I have been writing novels since the 1980s. So you're right. But I have been writing all of my life. And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently. (13)W: Can I ask you about your childhood? Were you a bookish child? M: In a strange way, I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn. (14) My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry. (15) And he was a big reader. He would bring books. back from his high school library. One day I read the last chapter of a book, the title of which I’ve long since forgotten. I liked it so much that I started reading the remainder. Interestingly, I read the chapters backwards until I got to the beginning. I really loved the experience and I soon became an eager reader. Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction. (16) I must add that I started reading the books from the start as opposed to working backwards.13. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently.得知，男士在对于自己走上写作之路满是感激心情。故选B。14. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of Brooklyn.得知，男士9岁前很少读书，倒是喜欢体育运动。故选B。15. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry.得知，男士父亲是名教师。故选A。16. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction.得知，男士把父亲带回来的小说细数阅读，最后成就一位作家。故选C。听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986?A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10?A. It inspired many young musicians.B. It was the music event of his dreams.C. It was a life-changing experience.19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play?A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.20. What does Maxim value most in young players’ performance?A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.Text 10 【音乐比赛与艺术追求】词数:189;用时:878;词速:129词/分 M: Hello, I'm Maxim Vengarov and I'm very happy to share with you my connection with open Tchaikovsky competition. It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk. (17) This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin. And it was interesting to say that a kid made his breakthrough already at the age of ten. (18) And that was me. Now as a judge of the competition, I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the musicians in the competition. Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works and Russian traditional music before coming to the final stage? (19) As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings. (20) So, what I’m really looking for in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. I want to see the seed at least the seed of the great tree that can grow. I would go for this violinist. I would go for this musician.17. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk.得知，该项比赛是在莫斯科进行的。故选A。18. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world music festival in Berlin.得知，参加莫斯科比赛是作者人生的转折点。故选C。19. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works得知，比赛要求选手演奏古典音乐作品。故选C。20. 答案是A。主旨要义题。依据As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings.得知，作为一名音乐家，最看重年轻选手通过演奏表达自己的思想情感。故选A。【考前技能篇2】阅读理解的解题技巧一、细节理解型细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。 【命题特点】特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? （2024浙江1月卷）24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? （2024九省联考卷）25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? （2023新高考I卷）23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? （2023新高考II卷） 【命题规律】 正确选项规律干扰选项规律【常考类型】考法一：直接信息题直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。【真题示例】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题)　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.【解答思路】第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: for the July 10 photography workshop第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 【技能提炼】【学以致用1】(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题) Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it. 【解答思路】一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date，二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。 【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题) Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property（失物招领）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 【解答思路】第一步，读题干，确定lost property office为定位词。第二步，用定位词在文中找到Lost property部分，由该部分第二句“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于罗马街车站。第三步，对比各选项只有B项正确。 【学以致用2】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题) The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct). House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith关键词人际关系 dear,  darling, sweetheart, my love, cook, TV, dinnerhusband and wifesize, color, try on, discount, Can I help you?assistant and customertrouble, check, pain, fever, prescription,  dentistdoctor and patientprofessor, subject, homework, questions, major(专业), hand in,teacher and student背景知识✱It depends. 视情况而定背景知识✱mind 照看；留心（某人/某事物）✱convenience store 便利店背景知识✱reschedule 重新安排背景知识✱make a mistake (in) doing sth. 在做某事时犯错误✱add up the bill 算账背景知识✱in person 亲自✱give sb. a call 给某人打电话背景知识✱call on 拜访；看望✱be done with sth. 完成某事✱a hundred percent 完全；百分之百背景知识✱drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问✱yard sale 庭院拍卖✱poetry collection 诗集✱leaf through 迅速翻阅✱second-hand 二手的背景知识✱meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标✱weightlifting 举重✱fit into 适应✱get along with 与……和睦相处✱bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系✱fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的背景知识✱The Ildler《闲人》✱intention 目的✱bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次✱issue （杂志或报刊的）期✱mix （事物或人的）混合；结合✱read 读物；使人感兴趣的书✱subscribe to 订阅语篇2020年2021年2022年2023年Text 1购物体验问路搭便车下车问路指引 Text 2音乐练习商场购物通宵赶项目天气和季节 Text 3组织聚会办公室对话寻找安静谈话地点周末计划Text 4度假计划旅行的选择糟心的邻居家的狗询问某人的近况Text 5驱车机场判断位置饭店订桌谈论学生会和社团活动Text 6抱歉电话观看比赛晚上聚餐安排对比、挑选公寓Text 7离职计划医生建议公司搬迁计划电台采访Text 8赛后采访安慰朋友艺术家采访求职面试Text 9新租公寓美国老人的恐惧平衡打工与学习作家分享自己读书历程Text 10英式足球母女关系一个运动员的经历自述音乐比赛与艺术追求背景知识register office: 登记处背景知识call for: 需要背景知识start with:从……开始barbecue: n.(户外)烧烤背景知识an art reporter:一名艺术记者背景知识the student union: 学生会背景知识agent n.(房产)中介背景知识volunteer medical service:自愿参加医疗服务 go(two weeks)without:(两周)没有……也行背景知识sell yourself:介绍自己;推销自己 work from home:居家办公背景知识How is life treating you? 生活待你如何? a bookish child:书呆子 a big reader:好读书的人背景知识open Tchaikovsky competition:柴可夫斯基公开赛Chelyabinsk( 俄罗斯)车里雅宾斯克，位于乌拉尔南坡及外乌拉尔。同义替换(1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work(2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance(3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项原文原词用原文原词作为正确选项张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确，部分错误