专题7 阅读理解原因、目的与作用——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略

这是一份专题7 阅读理解原因、目的与作用——2024届高考英语阅读与写作备考策略，共11页。

Why …?; mentin; purpse; functin; aim t; intend t; …
定位：
根据题干中的信息在文章中找到相应段落
找到表示原因或目的的词或短语
表示原因的词：
because; in that; given that; fr; since; as; …
because f; due t; wing t; as a result f; n accunt f; thanks t; …
表示目的的词：
t d; in rder t d; s as t d; aim t d; intend t d; mean t d; …
注意：还有部分原因或目的状语需要注意
如分词作状语时，或with 复合结构等
分类：
提问写文章的目的：
回答文章主旨
介绍（人物；产品；解决方法等）
广告（通常带有引导性话语）
注意：引导性话语通常为让读者采取行动（买产品或参加活动等）
第一段的作用或第一段提及某人/物等的作用
引出文章话题 (lead t / intrduce the tpic / theme) (首选)
注意：有时选项为tpic 的具体内容
Intrduce the backgrund infrmatin / attract the readers 等
中间某段的作用 (根据段落的具体内容)
介绍或解释研究过程 / 结果
解释原因或理由
举例说明
给出建议
说明好处
进一步阐明观点
…
作者提及某人/某物/举例等的目的或作用
通常为了证明其前文提及或后文总结的某观点
有时为了作对比或类比
做研究的目的
回答研究内容
研究人员困惑或想知道或感兴趣等的内容等
典型例题1
What d yu d as spring sets in? taking ff yur warm winter cat, and putting it away? Fr humans, taking ff winter cats is a ne-minute task. As it turns ut, nt all animals are s capable. Snwshe rabbits live in the muntain ranges f Nrth America, and have a pure white cat during the winter time t match the snwy surrundings and t help avid being caught. …… Hwever, cncern begins when scientists begin lking at hw the warming climate will impact the rabbits. (首段)
题：Why des the authr mentin humans’ taking ff winter cats?
A. T stress climate change is influential
B. T imply animals shuld be taken care f
C. T lead t the prblem f snwshe rabbits
D. T shw differences between men and animals
【答案】C
【解析】本题截取自文章首段。根据本段内容可知，作者提及人类的目的是为了引出雪兔在冬春交替季节面临的问题这一主旨，C选项为tpic的具体内容。故选C。
典型例题2
Nwadays, we can read almst all “truths” n scial media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micr-messaging service, the scial netwrking site and the pht-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real wrld”, accrding t a study by cmputer scientists frm McGill University and Carnegie Melln University.
题：Why des the authr mentin the micr-messaging and Instagram?
A. Because they are the best scial media sites tday
B. Because they are nt in favr f the current study
C. Because the public are sharing truths n these sites
D. Because infrmatin n these sites may nt be reliable
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段首行内容可知，作者先用反问句表明观点 —— 对社交媒体内容可信度的质疑，接下来用 micr-messaging 和 Instagram 举例说明自己的观点，即这些社交媒体网站的内容并不可靠。故选D。
典型例题3
Mst dg wners are cnvinced that their fur-legged friends knw exactly what they mean when they use certain wrds like “sit”, “stay” r “treat”. Hwever, researchers have always wndered whether dgs really understand human speech r if they rely n ther infrmatin t get the meaning. Fr example, des the wrd “fetch” frm a picture f a stick r ball in the dg’s mind, r des the dg bring back the bject based n the wner’s vice r gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emry University seems t indicate that “man’s best friend” des indeed knw what the wner is saying.
题：What is the purpse f the new study?
A. T cnvince dg wners t understand their dgs
B. T advise dg wners t treat their dgs kindly
C. T prve dgs fllw wners’ rder by listening
D. T test ut hw dgs get infrmatin frm wners
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段第二行 Hwever, researchers have always wndered whether dgs really understand human speech r if they rely n ther infrmatin t get the meaning. 可知，研究人员做研究的目的是想弄明白狗狗是真的理解主人的话语还是依靠其他信息。故选D
注意：C选项为干扰选项。C选项是研究人员已经有合理推测，并通过研究来证明狗是通过听来服从主人命令这一已有想法，但原文中研究人员并没有进行推测，故不能选C。
练习题
The researchers began by asking the wners f twelve dgs f varius kinds t train their pets t identify tw tys f different materials, such as a ty animal and a ball. Once the dgs had mastered the task, they tk turns inside a special scanner. The wners then tested their dg’s language skill by first calling ut the names f the tys they had been trained t recgnize and then saying meaningless wrds such as “bbbu” and “bdmick” while hlding up randm bjects the dgs hadn’t seen befre.
题：What des the authr intended t d in this paragraph?
A. Infrm the result f the research
B. State the prcess f the research
C. Stress the imprtance f the research
D. Intrduce the subject f the research
The campaign has already blwn past its funding gals n Kickstarter (currently at ver $ 200,000, well beynd its riginal $ 30,000 target). If yu are lking t imprve yur hme security setup and are in the market fr a new Wi-Fi camera r tw t prtect yur castle, then take an immediate actin.
题：Why des the authr write the text?
A. T prmte a prduct
B. T intrduce Kickstarter
C. T present a new technlgy
D. T ppularize Wi-Fi camera
A relaxing way f getting arund is t travel by train. Many train statins have grwn int impressive structures ver the years and are famus fr their architecture. Here’s a lk at tw f them.
题：Fr what purpse is the text written?
A. Shwing readers hw t travel by train
B. Giving an intrductin t the statin
C. Annuncing the pening f the statin
D. Giving an advertisement abut the statin
When she first started learning abut the climate change frm ne f her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited n a helicpter flight ver the Olympic Muntains t survey the Andersn Glacier (冰川). But the glacier melted and was gne because f the climate warming. Sharp had a deep sense f lss when she discvered the glacier wasn’t there anymre. (首段)
题：Why did the authr mentin the case f Fawn Sharp?
T lay a basis fr Fawn Sharp’s research.
T prve Fawn Sharp’s wrk is similar t Atkinsn’s.
T lead int the issue f the envirnmental lss caused by climate change.
T shw scientists’ cncern abut the Andersn Glacier.
Claude Mnet, Pabl Picass and Lenard da Vinci … the art wrld has never lacked talent. And nw, a new painter is ready t jin the list, althugh this ne isn’t even human. (首段)
Next mnth, the auctin huse Christie’s Prints and Multiples will make histry by ffering the first piece f art wrk created by artificial intelligence (AI) fr sale. The painting is a prtrait f a man called Edmnd De Belamy, and is expected t be sld fr up t $ 10,000.
题：Why des the authr mentin the artists in paragraph 1?
T intrduce their wrks.
T make an advertisement.
T present a piece f news.
T fcus the tpic n the AI.
Depending n whm yu ask, the 26th century will be either a little chilly r extremely ht. Sme slar energy utput mdels suggest that by the 2500s, Earth’s climate will have cled back dwn t near the cnditin f the Little Ice Age. Other studies predict that nging climate change and fssil fuel use will leave much f the planet t ht fr human life by 2300. Sme experts date the beginning f human climate change back t the Industrial Revlutin in the 1800s, thers t slash-and-burn agricultural practices in prehistric time. Either way, tl-wielding humans alter the envirnment and ur 26th-century tls might be quite impressive indeed.
题：Why des the authr mentin the Little Ice Age in this paragraph?
T shw the severity f the current glbal warming.
T stress its clse cnnectin with the current climates.
T prvide cntrast t the predictin f future climate.
T illustrate the imprtance f prtecting the envirnment.
Hwever, the difficulty with the technlgy is that it requires bth psitive and negative data fr the learning prcess, and negative data are nt available in many cases. Fr instance, when a retailer (零售商) is trying t predict wh will make a purchase, they can easily find data n custmers wh have purchased frm them (psitive data), but it is basically impssible t btain data n custmers wh have never purchased frm them (negative data), since they d nt have access t their cmpetitrs’ data.
题：Why is the example mentined in this paragraph?
T prve hw imprtant the psitive data are.
T cnfirm that data n custmers are cmplete.
T argue that retailers get their cmpetitrs’ data.
T explain why negative data are hard t btain.
Humans have always cnsidered themselves special cmpared with ther animals. One reasn is the cmplexity f ur language —— bunded by unique rules, such as syntax where we string wrds tgether in a specific rder t create meaningful sentences. But it turns ut that a bird may als vcalize (发声) with syntax rules. (首段)
题：What’s the majr functin f paragraph 1?
T shw language differences t readers.
T tell a cmmnly accepted belief t readers.
T intrduce the backgrund f the whle text.
T raise readers’ interest in the fllwing text.
Our first separatin, the day she left my bdy, was a nightmare full f pain and suffering. While all births are amazing, nt all wmen fell amazed at the births. Hwever, ur tgetherness in the days and mnths that fllwed the birth was s sweet that I felt her small bdy still seemed t be attached t mine. In the years t cme, the sund f her feet running acrss the wden flrs f ur huse was like the gentle beat that remind me my little girl was here and that smeday she wuld ran t the paths I culdn’t fllw.
题：What is the purpse f this paragraph?
T expect her daughter’s bright future.
T remind herself f her daughter’s beating steps.
T recall the suffering during her daughter’s grwth.
T shw the strng attachment between a mther and her daughter.
It is becming mre and mre imprtant fr researchers t clsely bserve ur sea life, with climate change and verfishing damaging the cean. Hwever, this is almst impssible since human presence scares the animals. Nw, thanks t The Sft Rbtic Fish, als called SFi, researchers may nt nly be able t keep a clse eye n the creatures, but als uncver undersea secrets that have been cnfusing us fr centuries.
题：Why was SFi created?
T prtect fish frm being caught.
T stp the cean frm being plluted.
T learn abut the underwater wrld.
T slve the issue AUVs have fund.
Mice and rats have lng been used in medical research because f their bilgical similarities t humans. Recently scientists at the University f Richmnd in Virginia have trained rats t drive small vehicles.
题：Why des scientists always chse rats fr the research?
They can build tiny vehicles n their wn.
They are bilgically similar t human beings.
They are clever enugh t be trained t drive cars.
They can be used as nn-drug treatments fr humans.
It is a questin that has lng puzzled scientists —— exactly why are tigers range? One might think it makes them mre bvius —— particularly against a leafy green frest backgrund. William Blake summed it up in his famus pem knwn by generatins f schlchildren: “Tyger, Tyger, burning bright / In the frests f the night.” But nw the answer is at hand.
题：Why des the authr mentin the pem in this paragraph?
T aruse readers’ interest in pems.
T shw the authr’s respect fr the pet.
T answer the questin f the clr f the tiger.
T stress the nticeable clr f the tiger t us.
With the right amunt f CNFs mixed in, the dessert lasted lnger in its frzen state than the traditinal ice cream, extending the amunt f time the treat can be enjyed. What was even mre exciting was that the fiber increased the stickiness f the lw-fat ice cream t levels higher than the full-fat ne. Since this is what determines the frzen treat’s creaminess and taste, CNFs culd help create the healthier ice cream withut influencing the taste f it.
题：Why were CNFs added t the ice cream mix?
T imprve its taste.
T increase its stickiness.
T reduce its fat cntent.
T make it melt mre slwly.
The riginal irn bxes with the rund rfs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Sctt, the architect f the Battersea Pwer Statin in Lndn. After becming an imprtant part f many British streets, the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards.
题：Why did the phne bxes begin t g ut f service in the 1980s?
They were nt well-designed.
They prvided bad services.
They had t shrt a histry.
They lst t new technlgies.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) have taken it a step further —— changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These includes plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals n grundwater. “We are thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
题：What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineers?
T detect plants’ lack f water.
T change cmpsitins f plants.
T make the life f plants lnger.
T test chemicals in plants.
参考答案
【答案】B
【解析】根据本段中 began by …; they take turns …; the wners then tested …等能够知道本段介绍了研究过程。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】本段介绍了一种叫做Kickstarter的相机产品，且通过最后一句中的take an immediate actin 这一引导性话语可知本文时一篇广告。故选A。
【答案】B
【解析】根据本段内容可知，文章会给我介绍两个火车站。故选B。
【答案】C
【解析】根据本段内容可知，首段提及这个人的事情是为了引出文章tpic, 即由气候变化造成的冰川消融等环境问题。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容可知首段提及几位真实存在的艺术家是为了引出本段最后一句这一文章主旨。故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】本段讲述了未来地球温度可能会升高这一预测，由本段中 … near the cnditins f the Little Ice Age 可知，提及小冰川时代是为了作对比。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容可知，作者提及这一例子是为了证明本段首句话这一观点，即 negative data are nt available in many cases. 故选D。
【答案】D
【解析】文章首段首先讲述了人类认为自己比其他动物特殊，其中一个原因是我们语言复杂，接着用转折指出鸟类也可能和人类一样按照句法规则发生，引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选D
【答案】D
【解析】本段主要讲述了作者和女儿小时候相处的点点滴滴，因此可以知道作者写本段的目的是展现母女之间强烈的依恋之情。故选D
【答案】C
【解析】根据本段中的 … thanks t The Sft Rbtic Fish, als called SFi, researchers may nt nly be able t keep a clse eye n the creatures, but als uncver undersea secrets that have been cnfusing us fr centuries. 可知，研发这一机器是为了帮助研究人员近距离观察海洋生物，探索海底奥秘。故选C。
【答案】B
【解析】根据本段中的Mice and rats have lng been used in medical research because f their bilgical similarities t humans 可知，科学家选择老鼠做研究是因为老师与人类在生物学特征上相似。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段中的 One might think it makes them mre bvius —— particularly against a leafy green frest backgrund. 可知，作者引用诗句的目的是为上文人们的想法举例证明。故选D。
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段中的 With the right amunt f CNFs mixed in, the dessert lasted lnger in its frzen state than the traditinal ice cream, extending the amunt f time the treat can be enjyed (分词作结果状语) 可知，将CNFs 加入冰淇淋是为了延缓冰淇淋融化。故选D
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段中的 … the phne bxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise f the mbile phne sending mst f them away t the junkyards. (with 复合结构作原因状语) 可知，电话亭消失的原因是败给了新的通信技术。故选D。
【答案】A
【解析】根据本段中的 These includes plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw (目的状语) when they’re shrt f water … 可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。故选A。