2023-2024学年上海大学附属中学高二下学期英语期中考试卷含详解

这是一份2023-2024学年上海大学附属中学高二下学期英语期中考试卷含详解，共36页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(满分140分，120分钟完成，答案一律写在答题卡和答题纸上)
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25分)
Sectin A:
Shrt Cnversatins Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questins yu have heard.
1. A. Dctr and patient. B. Waitress and custmer.
C. Wife and husband. D. Secretary and bss.
2. A. His signature. B. His rm number.
C. His receipt. D. His check.
3. A. Mve her bag at the desk. B. Tell a stry with humr.
C. Underg an peratin. D. Have a quarrel with the man.
4. A. Mr. James is the new advisr. B. The advisr is a wman.
C. Every undergraduate has an advisr. D. The advisr is nt there.
5. A. She had difficulty getting tickets. B. She’s already been t the exhibitin.
C. She wanted t get tickets fr everybdy. D. She’ll try t get tickets after wrk.
6. A. The meeting was annunced tday. B. She’ll make the call later.
C. There wn’t be a meeting tmrrw. D. She has cnfirmed everything.
7. A. He eats t much when playing chess. B. He wn’t jin the chess club.
C. Chess is his favrite game. D. He desn’t enjy chess as much as he used t.
8. A. The number f the train. B. When the next train will depart.
C. Where t find sme equipment. D. Where t bard the train.
9. A. She wuldn’t use her ticket. B. She didn’t want her ticket.
C. She had frgtten abut her ticket. D. She didn’t have a ticket.
10. A. The restaurant wasn’t very crwded. B. The meal was very expensive.
C. The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D. The fd wasn’t very gd.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and a lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. It varies frm persn t persn.
B. It is decided by the mst healthy lifestyle.
C. It needs sme tests and cmparisn t the standard.
D. It is based mre n individual needs than persnal gals.
12. A. Strength. B. Endurance. C. Flexibility. D. Health.
13. A. The variety f fitness in the future.
B. The imprtance f three basic factrs cncerning fitness.
C. The new cncept f fitness and its essential factrs.
D. Training effects f sme sprts n peple.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. Recgnizing ne’s abilities. B. Analyzing ne’s strengths and weaknesses.
C. Matching ne’s abilities t jb vacancies. D. Presenting ne’s abilities t future emplyers.
15. A. Finding ut what they can d abut the emplyer. B. Aviding asking unsure questins.
C. Arriving as early as they can. D. Answering questins in a plite way.
16. A. Graduates frm famus universities. B. Determined, skilled and able peple.
C. Capable and mdest peple. D. Peple with much wrk experience.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Sharing pictures nline with his fllwers. B. Picking ut the pictures t be shared nline.
C. Having pictures taken by his fllwers nline. D. Helping thers t take sme pictures nline.
18. A. His friends and relatives. B. His friends and fllwers.
C. His scial media friends and fllwers. D. All peple nline.
19. A. Oppsed. B. Favrable. C. Indifferent. D. Dubtful.
20. A. There are a lt f virus and varius crimes nline.
B. It’s full f t many false and unqualified prducts.
C. It’s changeable and hard t be cntrlled by peple.
D. There are all kinds f cheats nline actually.
II. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A (10)
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fil in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Buzzwrds (流行词) Capture Hw We Lived in 2023
While walking alng Suzhu Creek t gather material fr my latest “Shanghai Expressin” clumn, I was wndering ____1____Shanghai’s mdem skylines match the histrical aspects f the area s effrtlessly. The ld and the new create a unique ambience (格调) .
Near the creek, I encuntered Uncle Chen, fishing in a tranquil spt.
“Nice day fr fishing,” I said in greeting him.
He lked up with a smile. “Yes, it’s a break frm the mbile phn wrld.”
It ____2____ (strike) me that American publisher Merriam-Webster included “authentic” n its list f the year 2023’s tp wrds. It reflects a grwing fcus n genuineness in an era ____3____ (dminate) by AI, celebrity culture and scial media.
As I talked with Uncle Chen, the bustle f the city ____4____ (cntinue) arund us. Fd deliverymen buzzed past. Online celebrities in dpamine dresses held selfie sticks fr livestreaming, ____5____ (highlight) the rise f a breed f “new prfessinals.”
Turists and lcals alike strlled thrugh the area, sme engaged in ____6____ appeared t be a “citywalk” —a wander ____7____ a clear destinatin.
Office wrkers walked by hlding fancy cffee cups, a sign f the evlving cffee trends ____8____ have swept the city, like the “Mutai-flavred latte.”
Watching Uncle Chen, turists, nline celebrities, ffice wrkers and delivery peple, I saw a changing city in a realm f cnstant change, summarized by a variety f cntemprary buzzwrds.
____9____ 2023 winds dwn, it’s interesting t nte that buzzwrds aren’t just wrds. Rather, they are markers f the dynamic, ever-changing aspects f life.
Each buzzwrd has its wn stry. Each ppular phrase ffers a peek int the hearts and minds f peple, especially the yunger generatin. Let’s pause ____10____ (lk) at sme f them mre clsely.
Sectin B (10%)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Sanfi Launches Grant (拨款) t Help Children with Dlabetes (糖尿病)
T celebrate the 60th anniversary f China-Franc diplmatic ties, the French pharmaceutical giant Sanfi cperated with the Shanghai Sng Ching Ling Fundatin t ____11____ unveil the Sanfi China Charity Grant n Thursday, as part f the cmpany’s effrts t ____12____ participate in the Chinese market and cntribute t lcal peple’s livelihds.
As ne f the first French cmpanies t enter China, Sanfi has cntinuusly increased investment and prmted innvatin in the health care sectr ver the past few decades. The cmpany has been cmmitted t making innvative medicine and medical services mre ____13____ t Chinese peple, said Wayne Shi, president f Sanfi Greater China.
Olivier Charmel, the cmpany’s executive vice-president, said Sanfi has benefited a lt frm its lng-term investment in China and will always stand as a ____14____ partner. The cmpany expects t further cntribute t the exchanges between China and France nt nly in the field f health care, but als in science, ecnmy, and culture.
Shi said the cmpany ____15____ the Sanfi China Charity Grant with an aim t better meet the health needs in China, and its first prject will ____16____ fcus n diabetes mellitus in children and adlescents.
Ji Linng, directr f Department f Endcrinlgy at Peking University Peple’s Hspital, highly ____17____ the imprtance f the diabetes prject at a panel discussin held after the launch ceremny. He said China ____18____ ranks furth in the wrld fr the number f children and adlescents suffering frm type I diabetes.
With the help f the charity grant Ji said he expects China t establish a mre ____19____ health care system especially fr type I diabetes. Dctrs, prfessinal equipment and nutritinists shuld be prvided t help patients crrectly inject insulin and effectively cntrl bld sugar levels.
In additin t diabetes, the Sanfi China Charity Grant will als be ____20____ t cmbat ther diseases such as immunity diseases. It is expected t directly benefit ver 10, 000 peple and indirectly benefit mre than ne millin peple in the next three years.
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A (15分)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Sme f us bttle up the emtin, while thers ____21____ in a wild anger. Bth habits have bad effects n ur bdies, ur minds, and ur relatinships.
Anger may feel uncmfrtable, but it’s als nrmal and healthy. “A lt f peple think they have t ____22____ their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychlgist. “But anger is an emtin built int us t signal that smething needs t be ____23____ . ” When we take ntice f that signal and actually crrect the prblem instead f ignring it, we’re usually much better fr it.
____24____ , many f us have been cnditined t keep ur emtins hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have lng-term effects n ur health. Investigatrs at the University f Rchester nticed that peple wh ____25____ their emtins tend t have shrter life spans. They’re mre likely t die earlier frm cancer, ____26____ . When we’re angry, stress hrmnes are released, which can make us mre likely t develp a wide range f diseases, including diabetes, depressin, and autimmune cnditins.
Is it better, then, t ____27____ whenever smething makes yu mad? That’s the fundamental reasn behind the “rage rms” that have ppped up in many American cities, where flks are invited t release their anger by vilently having stuff ____28____ in a “safe” envirnment.
“The thery is that yu get the anger ut f yur system thrugh aggressive actins, and it’s ____29____ , ” says Keelan. “But the research indicates that when we display ur anger aggressively, it can actually increase the ______30______ f the anger — and increase the likelihd f aggressive actins in the future.” It desn’t take much imaginatin t ______31______ hw displaying anger vilently can affect yur relatinships with yur spuse, yur kids, r yur c-wrkers. It als ______32______ yur health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University fund that peple are mre than twice as likely t have a heart attack after an angry utburst. The increased bld pressure and heart rate put ______33______ n the cardivascular (心血管的) system.
If we shuldn’t bttle up ur angry feelings but aggressive behaviur isn’t healthy either, hw shuld we ______34______ things that irritate us? It’s the extreme highs and lws that take a tll. If yu’re able t apply techniques that smth ut sme f thse ______35______ , yu can have a gentler ride.
21.
A. escapeB. expldeC. evacuateD. express
22.
A. get ut fB. get dwn withC. get hld fD. get rid f
23.
A. cnsumedB. creditedC. erasedD. addressed
24.
A. UnfrtunatelyB. IncrediblyC. GenerallyD. Literally
25.
A. cntainB. releaseC. aruseD. strengthen
26.
A. n the cntraryB. in shrtC. as usualD. fr example
27.
A. fightB. screamC. glareD. pur
28.
A. smashedB. spiltC. separatedD. shaken
29.
A inspiringB. scaringC. upladingD. liberating
30.
A. stabilityB. quantityC. intensityD. pririty
31.
A. predictB. prspectC. reactD. reflect
32.
A. bthersB. restrictsC. hurtsD. breaks
33.
A. warningB. emphasisC. stressD. flw
34.
A. fllwB. handleC. avidD. shadw
35.
A. dwn and utB. twists and turnsC. apples and rangesD. peaks and valleys
Sectin B (每题2分)
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Artist Susan Shepherd is best knwn fr her flwer paintings, and the large garden that surrunds her huse is the surce f many f her subjects. It is full f her favurite flwers, mst especially vancties f tulips and pppies. Sme f the plants are unruly and seed themselves all ver the garden. There is a harmny f clur, shape and structure in the tw lng flwer brders that line the paved path which crsses the garden frm east t west. Much f this is due t the previus wners wh were keen gardeners, and wh left plants that appealed t Susan. She als inherited the gardener, Danny. “In fact, it was really his garden,” she says. “We gt n very well. At first he wuld say, “Oh, it’s nt wrth it” t sme f the things I wanted t put in, but when I said I wanted t paint them, he recgnized what I had in mind.”
Susan prefers t fcus n detailed studies f individual plants rather than n the garden as a whle, thugh she will ccasinally paint a grup f plants where they are. Mre usually, she picks them and then takes them up t her studi. “I dn’t set the whle thing up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer ut and paint it, which might take a few days, and then I bring in anther ne and build up the painting that way. Smetimes it takes a cuple f years t finish.”
Her busiest time f year is spring and early summer, when the tulips are ut, fllwed by the pppies. “They all cme ut tgether, and yu’re s busy,” she says. But the gradual decaying prcess is als part f the fascinatin fr her. With tulips, fr example, “yu bring them in and put them in water, then leave them fr perhaps a day and they each frm themselves int different shapes. They pen ut and are fantastic. When yu first put them in a vase, yu think they are bring, but they change all the time with twists and turns.”
36. In the first paragraph, the authr describes Susan’s garden as ________.
A. being nly partly finished
B. having a path lined with flwers
C. having caused prblems fr the previus wners
D. needing a lt f wrk t keep it lking attractive
37. What des Susan say abut Danny?
A. He felt she was interfering in his wrk.
B. He immediately understd her feelings.
C. He was recmmended by the previus wners.
D. He was slw t see the pint f sme f her ideas.
38. What is Susan’s apprach t painting?
A. She creates her paintings in several stages.
B. She spends all day painting an individual flwer.
C. She likes t d research n a plant befre she paints it.
D. She will wait until a flwer is ready t be picked befre painting it.
39. Susan thinks that tulips ________.
A. lk best sme time after they have been cut.
B. shuld be kept in the huse fr as lng as pssible.
C. are nt easy t paint because they change s quickly.
D. are mre clurful and better shaped than ther flwers.
(B)
Citizen science gives curius peple the pprtunity t becme extra sets f hands, eyes and ears in real scientific research. Bringing many peple tgether t dcument endangered species, mnitr water quality r watch the stars makes it pssible t d science n large scales and tackle bigger research questins. Here are just five f the hundreds f citizen science prjects that yu can participate in.
Nature’s Ntebk
Vlunteers in this prject “take the pulse f the planet” by dcumenting changes in plants, animals and insects t help scientists understand hw ecsystems are being affected by climate change. Yu can jin a reginal campaign like Mayfly Watch r Pesky Plant Trackers, r chse frm ver 1, 400 species t watch in Nrth America. Then, lg yur bservatins n the Nature’s Ntebk mbile app.
Crwd the Tap
Vlunteers test the water and pipes in their hmes s researchers can map the pipe infrastructure in the United States and identify plluted water supplies. All yu need is a penny and a magnet (t determine whether pipes are made f steel, cpper, plastic r lead, which is nt always bvius visually) . Yu can als share bservatins abut yur tap water like clr, smell and taste. If yu live near a participating library r schl, yu can check ut a kit t test yur water chemistry.
GLOBE Observer
The NASA-spnsred GLOBE prject seeks t understand ur changing envirnment and climate thrugh crwd-surced bservatins. The prject is app-based, and users can uplad bservatins abut cluds, msquit habitat, trees r land cver t give researchers a glbal picture f hw ur planet is changing ver time.
The Happiness Prject
Help psychlgy researchers understand the relatinship between happiness and decisin-making by playing games. All yu need t participate is the prject’s smartphne app t access games that subtly investigate hw players apprach risky decisins, while peridically asking them t rate their happiness level. Game and happiness scres becme data that researchers use t figure ut hw expectatins cntribute t happiness.
Explanet Watch
Experiment time n big telescpes like Hubble is precius, s NASA needs backyard astrnmers t help researchers narrw dwn when and where t turn their sights t find planets utside f ur slar system. Every day, the prject psts new explanet targets fr vlunteers t keep an eye n. If yu dn’t have a telescpe, yu can still aid the search by analyzing data frm thers’ bservatins.
40. What is the primary purpse f citizen science prjects, as described in the article?
A. T prvide vlunteers with pprtunities t learn abut scientific research.
B T allw scientists t rely n vlunteers fr data analysis.
C. T engage curius individuals in scientific research.
D. T highlight the imprtance f citizens’ cntributin t science.
41. What des the underlined phrase “take the pulse f the planet” mean?
A. Mnitr the heart rates f endangered species.
B. Recrd changes in ecsystems t assess the impact f climate change.
C. Observe the behavir f insects and animals.
D. Launch a campaign t raise awareness abut climate change.
42. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Crwd the Tap aims t raise peple’s awareness abut water-related diseases.
B. Explanet Watch relies nly n prfessinal astrnmers t search fr explanets.
C. The Happiness Prject investigates the relatinship between happiness and games.
D. GLOBE Observer cllects bservatins abut ur changing envirnment thrugh an app-based platfrm.
(C)
The develpment f bigger brains has lng been cnsidered a hallmark f ur species’ increased intelligence and subsequent dminance n this planet. The last tw millin years f ur evlutin were marked by a nearly furfld increase in brain vlume.
But a grwing bdy f evidence suggests ur brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They declined in size smetime fllwing the end f the last Ice Age.
“Mst peple think f brain evlutin happening in this ne-dimensinal way. It grws, plateaus and stps,” said Jeremy DeSilva, a prfessr f paleanthrplgy at Dartmuth Cllege. “But we’ve lst brain tissue equal t the vlume f a lime - it isn’t a tiny little sliver we’re talking abut.”
The precise timing f that Pst-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until nw. A grup f researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture f fssil and mdern specimen data t pinpint that this lss f gray matter happened between 3, 000 t 5, 000 years ag, accrding t research published in June in the jurnal Frntiers in Eclgy and Evlutin.
Many anthrplgists had initially assumed that the changes cincided with the appearance f agricultural practices arund 10, 000 years ag, and a glbal shift away frm hunting and gathering.
The mre-recent dates frm DeSilva’s grup pint t bming eras fr ancient civilizatins in Nrth Africa, the Middle East and Suth America -cmplex scieties that they think may have played a rle in the shrinkage.
They hypthesized that human scieties gt s cperatively rganized in the past 3, 000 years that we began relying n what researchers call cllective intelligence.
“It is the idea that a grup f peple is smarter than the smartest persn in the grup,” said James Traniell, a bilgy prfessr at Bstn University and ne f DeSilva’s c-authrs. “S basically, if yu live in a grup, yu slve prblems mre rapidly, mre efficiently and mre accurately than what’s pssible fr any individual.”
Traniell said the inspiratin fr applying this idea t why human brains may have shrunk came frm “ultrascial” insects such as ants. Ants frm highly cperative scieties in which divisin f labr has favred smaller-brained individuals due t an advanced level f scial rganizatin.
The researchers suggested that perhaps ur need t maintain a large brain c t keep track f infrmatin abut fd, scial relatinships, predatrs and ur envirnment—has als relaxed in the past few millennia because we culd stre infrmatin externally in ther members f ur scial circles, twns and grups.
“We’re s scial that we dn’t have t knw everything anymre,” DeSilva said. “And we cllectively then perate as a pretty functinal sciety.”
43. What did Jeremy DeSilva mean by saying “But we’ve lst brain tissue equal t the vlume f a lime- it isn’t a tiny little sliver we’re talking abut.”?
A. The shrinking f human brain is significantly nticeable.
B. The shrinking f human brain is a nrmal result f evlutin.
C. The shrinking f human brain is nt as serius as we imagined.
D. The shrinking f human brain is nt a big deal.
44. What pint des the authr want t make by citing the example f ant?
A. A species’ bdy size is nt directly related t its brain size.
B. Cperative scial rganizatin is likely t cause brain shrinkage.
C. The phenmenn f brain shrinkage is nt limited t human beings.
D. Human beings and ants are amng the mst cperative species.
45. Which f the fllwing is NOT ne f the pssible reasns mentined fr human brain’s shrinking?
A. The cming-int-being f agriculture.
B. The bming civilizatin in the wrld.
C. The advancement f scial rganizatin.
D. The develpment f infrmatin technlgy.
46. What des the authr mst want t tell us frm this passage?
A. The reductin f brain size is likely t give rise t serius cnsequences.
B. We humans are still the mst intelligent and dminant species in the wrld.
C. Cllective intelligence mst prbably accunt fr human’s smaller brains.
D Scial specializatin brings mre gd than harm t us human beings.
Sectin C (每题2分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Decding Yur Emtins
Almst all f us can remember a time when we were angry with a friend r anxius abut ging t a jb interview. We experience such a wide range f emtins in everyday life, and these can influence the decisins we make — imprtant decisins, such as whether we shuld quit a jb, t the mre trivial like what we’re ging t have fr dinner. ____47____ We have t figure ut whether they’re feeling happy r sad, fearful r angry, jealus r amused, and determine hw t respnd while handling ur wn emtins.
Emtins are cntrlled by many different chemicals, r neurtransmitters and electrical impulses. ____48____ Between tw nerves is a small gap called synapse, where neurtransmitters carry messages between the gaps. Depending n the neurtransmitters that are released and nt released this chemical and electrical surge prvides us with the capability f feeling emtins.
Emtins have been studied as far back as the 4 century BC. The Greek philspher Aristtle attempted t identify the number f cre human cmtins. During the 1970s, psychlgist Paul Ekman identified six basic emtins — happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust-these prvide the basis fr mre cmplicated emtinal experiences we have. ____49____ Since then, the number f human emtins has cntinued t be a subject f debate, with sme suggesting that there are nly fur emtins, while thers suggesting 27, and sme say there are infinite number as lng as yu can express them.
____50____ Fr example, in Japanese culture it is cnsidered ffensive t display negative emtins in frnt f anther persn. Americans, hwever, are encuraged t express their emtins regardless f the persn present. Despite the cultural differences, ur emtins play a crucial rle in guiding us thrugh life, affecting the decisins we make and the ways we cnnect with thers. Our emtins are what makes us human. By expressing ur emtins-and cmfrting thers in their f need — we strengthen ur relatinships, and prvide a surce f cmfrt t ne anther.
A. Electrical impulses are sent alng a nerve, which cnnect t many mre nerves.
B. Emtins als decides the way we interact with ur family, friends and clleagues and even urselves.
C. In fact, the way we express ur emtins can vary acrss cultures.
D. Based n the study, distinct cultural backgrunds’ cntributing t different emtins has its reasns.
E. Ekman later expanded his list f basic emtins t include shame, guilt and relief.
F. Additinally, emtins have lng-lasting impacts n ur interpersnal relatinships t
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Hw t Enhance Children’s Attentin Span
In a wrld f increased multitasking and smart devices that cnstantly cmpete fr ur attentin, it has becme harder t keep children n task during studying r huse hld activities. Part f this is envirnmental, put part f it is als a lack f training that is taking place. Being attentive is a skill, rarely an innate talent, and must be cultivated in children fr them t succeed.
Eliminating envirnmental distractins’ can be a smart way t, imprve a child’s attentin. It’s imprtant t remember that many things in a child’s envirnment can draw a child’s attentin span away frm the task r lessn at hand, including surrunding nises, visual messes and internal distractins. Prviding an envirnment that is as free f distractins as pssible can dramatically Imprve a child’s attentin because it means there are fewer things arund fr the child’s attentin span t be divided between. This is als why it’s a gd idea t d studying in an area which is nt usually used fr ther activities, such as in the sitting rm.
Nt being prepared fr a lessn als serves as a distractin because it needs a five r ten minutes t gather the necessary materials. Help keep yur child rganized and make sure all necessary study materials are clse at hand befre it’s time t start a lessn t avid a wild gse chase that will break up yur child’s attentin befre the lessn has even begun.
Several scientific studies have linked a child’s decreased attentin span t increased time in frnt f screened devices such as tablets and televisin, s parents shuld make effrts t limit ver-stimulatin caused by these devices t leisure time and keep them away frm studying activities. This isn’t t say that children shuld avid the use f smart devices, televisins, r vide games indefinitely. After all, these utlets prvide much-needed relaxatin t children and can even help t imprve their hand-eye crdinatin. I strngly suggest that parents shuld make sure that screen-time is a privilege (特权) , nt a right. That is t say, use screen-time as a reward.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translatin (15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 如果你身陷火灾，用湿毛巾捂住口鼻来确保呼吸顺畅。 (ensure) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
53. 你看上去有点心力交瘁，你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢? (stress) (汉译英)
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54. 为了救助身心受创的灾民，我们现在呼吁学生志愿者参与“重建家园”项目。 (aid) (汉译英)
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55. 我们最好提前制定好家庭逃生计划，学习疏散路线并准备好应急包，以防灾难突然袭来。 (strike) (汉译英)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Guided Writing: (25分)
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
近年来，新技术频出。技术进步是否导致了人类社交能力退化？请写一篇短文表达你的观点及理由。
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2023学年第二学期上大附中期中考试
高二年级英语试卷
(满分140分，120分钟完成，答案一律写在答题卡和答题纸上)
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25分)
Sectin A:
Shrt Cnversatins Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questins yu have heard.
1. A. Dctr and patient. B. Waitress and custmer.
C. Wife and husband. D. Secretary and bss.
2. A. His signature. B. His rm number.
C. His receipt. D. His check.
3. A. Mve her bag at the desk. B. Tell a stry with humr.
C. Underg an peratin. D. Have a quarrel with the man.
4. A. Mr. James is the new advisr. B. The advisr is a wman.
C. Every undergraduate has an advisr. D. The advisr is nt there.
5. A. She had difficulty getting tickets. B. She’s already been t the exhibitin.
C. She wanted t get tickets fr everybdy. D. She’ll try t get tickets after wrk.
6. A. The meeting was annunced tday. B. She’ll make the call later.
C. There wn’t be a meeting tmrrw. D. She has cnfirmed everything.
7. A. He eats t much when playing chess. B. He wn’t jin the chess club.
C. Chess is his favrite game. D. He desn’t enjy chess as much as he used t.
8. A. The number f the train. B. When the next train will depart.
C. Where t find sme equipment. D. Where t bard the train.
9. A. She wuldn’t use her ticket. B. She didn’t want her ticket.
C. She had frgtten abut her ticket. D. She didn’t have a ticket.
10. A. The restaurant wasn’t very crwded. B. The meal was very expensive.
C. The magazine wasn’t very interesting. D. The fd wasn’t very gd.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and a lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. It varies frm persn t persn.
B. It is decided by the mst healthy lifestyle.
C. It needs sme tests and cmparisn t the standard.
D. It is based mre n individual needs than persnal gals.
12. A. Strength. B. Endurance. C. Flexibility. D. Health.
13. A. The variety f fitness in the future.
B. The imprtance f three basic factrs cncerning fitness.
C. The new cncept f fitness and its essential factrs.
D. Training effects f sme sprts n peple.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. Recgnizing ne’s abilities. B. Analyzing ne’s strengths and weaknesses.
C. Matching ne’s abilities t jb vacancies. D. Presenting ne’s abilities t future emplyers.
15. A. Finding ut what they can d abut the emplyer. B. Aviding asking unsure questins.
C. Arriving as early as they can. D. Answering questins in a plite way.
16. A. Graduates frm famus universities. B. Determined, skilled and able peple.
C. Capable and mdest peple. D. Peple with much wrk experience.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Sharing pictures nline with his fllwers. B. Picking ut the pictures t be shared nline.
C. Having pictures taken by his fllwers nline. D. Helping thers t take sme pictures nline.
18. A. His friends and relatives. B. His friends and fllwers.
C. His scial media friends and fllwers. D. All peple nline.
19. A. Oppsed. B. Favrable. C. Indifferent. D. Dubtful.
20. A. There are a lt f virus and varius crimes nline.
B. It’s full f t many false and unqualified prducts.
C. It’s changeable and hard t be cntrlled by peple.
D. There are all kinds f cheats nline actually.
II. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A (10)
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fil in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Buzzwrds (流行词) Capture Hw We Lived in 2023
While walking alng Suzhu Creek t gather material fr my latest “Shanghai Expressin” clumn, I was wndering ____1____Shanghai’s mdem skylines match the histrical aspects f the area s effrtlessly. The ld and the new create a unique ambience (格调) .
Near the creek, I encuntered Uncle Chen, fishing in a tranquil spt.
“Nice day fr fishing,” I said in greeting him.
He lked up with a smile. “Yes, it’s a break frm the mbile phn wrld.”
It ____2____ (strike) me that American publisher Merriam-Webster included “authentic” n its list f the year 2023’s tp wrds. It reflects a grwing fcus n genuineness in an era ____3____ (dminate) by AI, celebrity culture and scial media.
As I talked with Uncle Chen, the bustle f the city ____4____ (cntinue) arund us. Fd deliverymen buzzed past. Online celebrities in dpamine dresses held selfie sticks fr livestreaming, ____5____ (highlight) the rise f a breed f “new prfessinals.”
Turists and lcals alike strlled thrugh the area, sme engaged in ____6____ appeared t be a “citywalk” —a wander ____7____ a clear destinatin.
Office wrkers walked by hlding fancy cffee cups, a sign f the evlving cffee trends ____8____ have swept the city, like the “Mutai-flavred latte.”
Watching Uncle Chen, turists, nline celebrities, ffice wrkers and delivery peple, I saw a changing city in a realm f cnstant change, summarized by a variety f cntemprary buzzwrds.
____9____ 2023 winds dwn, it’s interesting t nte that buzzwrds aren’t just wrds. Rather, they are markers f the dynamic, ever-changing aspects f life.
Each buzzwrd has its wn stry. Each ppular phrase ffers a peek int the hearts and minds f peple, especially the yunger generatin. Let’s pause ____10____ (lk) at sme f them mre clsely.
【答案】1. hw 2. struck
3. dminated
4. cntinued
5. highlighting
6 what 7. withut
8. which##that 9. As
10. t lk
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，作者通过自己的经历，探索并体会了“流行词汇”背后的故事。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当我沿着苏州河散步，为我最新的“上海表达”专栏收集材料时，我想知道上海的现代天际线是如何如此轻松地与该地区的历史风貌相匹配的。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句主谓宾结构完整，表示“如何”用hw引导从句。故填hw。
【2题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我突然想起，美国韦氏词典(Merriam-Webster)将“地道”(authentic)列入了2023年的热门词汇名单。分析句子可知，that引导主语从句作真正主语，It为形式主语，此处为上文的事件让作者突然想起热门词，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填struck。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这反映了在一个由人工智能、名人文化和社交媒体主导的时代，人们越来越关注真实性。分析句子可知，空处修饰era作后置定语，与dminate构成被动关系，用过去分词。故填dminated。
【4题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当我和陈叔叔谈话时，城市的喧嚣仍在我们周围继续。根据As引导的状语从句中的谓语talked可知，句子为一般过去时，cntinue对应的动词也要用过去式表示一般过去时。故填cntinued。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：身着“多巴胺礼服”的网红手持自拍杆进行直播，突显出“新专业人士”的崛起。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，逗号前面的内容与highlight为主动关系，用现在分词。故填highlighting。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：游客和当地人都在这个地区漫步，一些人似乎在进行“城市漫步”——没有明确目的地的漫步。根据appeared t be a “citywalk”可知，从句缺少主语，in后为主句宾语，空处缺少连接代词引导宾语从句，表示事物，用what。故填what。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。根据citywalk可知，这是没有目的地的步行，空处缺少介词withut。故填withut。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：办公室里的人拿着精美的咖啡杯走过，这是席卷这座城市的不断发展的咖啡潮流的标志，比如“茅台味拿铁”。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为trends，作从句的主语，表示事物，用which/that。故填which/that。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：随着2023年的结束，有趣的是，流行语不仅仅是词汇。空处缺少从属连词引导状语从句，结合winds dwn可知，此处表示“随着”，用as引导时间状语从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填As。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：让我们停下来更仔细地看看其中的一些。根据pause及lk at sme f them mre clsely可知，此处停下的目的是为了更仔细看，用不定式作目的状语。故填t lk。
Sectin B (10%)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Sanfi Launches Grant (拨款) t Help Children with Dlabetes (糖尿病)
T celebrate the 60th anniversary f China-Franc diplmatic ties, the French pharmaceutical giant Sanfi cperated with the Shanghai Sng Ching Ling Fundatin t ____11____ unveil the Sanfi China Charity Grant n Thursday, as part f the cmpany’s effrts t ____12____ participate in the Chinese market and cntribute t lcal peple’s livelihds.
As ne f the first French cmpanies t enter China, Sanfi has cntinuusly increased investment and prmted innvatin in the health care sectr ver the past few decades. The cmpany has been cmmitted t making innvative medicine and medical services mre ____13____ t Chinese peple, said Wayne Shi, president f Sanfi Greater China.
Olivier Charmel, the cmpany’s executive vice-president, said Sanfi has benefited a lt frm its lng-term investment in China and will always stand as a ____14____ partner. The cmpany expects t further cntribute t the exchanges between China and France nt nly in the field f health care, but als in science, ecnmy, and culture.
Shi said the cmpany ____15____ the Sanfi China Charity Grant with an aim t better meet the health needs in China, and its first prject will ____16____ fcus n diabetes mellitus in children and adlescents.
Ji Linng, directr f Department f Endcrinlgy at Peking University Peple’s Hspital, highly ____17____ the imprtance f the diabetes prject at a panel discussin held after the launch ceremny. He said China ____18____ ranks furth in the wrld fr the number f children and adlescents suffering frm type I diabetes.
With the help f the charity grant, Ji said he expects China t establish a mre ____19____ health care system especially fr type I diabetes. Dctrs, prfessinal equipment and nutritinists shuld be prvided t help patients crrectly inject insulin and effectively cntrl bld sugar levels.
In additin t diabetes, the Sanfi China Charity Grant will als be ____20____ t cmbat ther diseases such as immunity diseases. It is expected t directly benefit ver 10, 000 peple and indirectly benefit mre than ne millin peple in the next three years.
【答案】11. D 12. E 13. H 14. K 15. A 16. I 17. J 18. G 19. C 20. B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章报道了法国制药巨头赛诺菲为庆祝中法建交60周年，与上海宋庆龄基金会联合发起的慈善赠款项目，旨在帮助中国的糖尿病儿童。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：为庆祝中法建交60周年，法国制药巨头赛诺菲与上海宋庆龄基金会合作，于周四共同推出赛诺菲中国慈善基金，作为该公司进一步参与中国市场并为当地人民生计做出贡献的一部分。空处修饰空后的动词，应填副词，根据前文“the French pharmaceutical giant Sanfi cperated with the Shanghai Sng Ching Ling Fundatin”可知，法国制药巨头赛诺菲与上海宋庆龄基金会合作，所以应是jintly意为“连带地”符合语境。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：为庆祝中法建交60周年，法国制药巨头赛诺菲与上海宋庆龄基金会合作，于周四共同推出赛诺菲中国慈善基金，作为该公司进一步参与中国市场并为当地人民生计做出贡献的一部分。空处修饰空后的动词，应填副词，根据后文“participate in the Chinese market and cntribute t lcal peple’s livelihds”可知，应是further意为“进一步”符合语境。故选E项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：赛诺菲大中华区总裁Wayne Shi表示，该公司一直致力于让中国人民更容易获得创新药物和医疗服务。此处是固定搭配：make sth. adj.意为“使某使怎么样”，所以空处填形容词，根据前文“The cmpany has been cmmitted t making innvative medicine and medical services”可知，应是accessible意为“易接近的”符合语境。故选H项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：赛诺菲执行副总裁奥利维尔•查梅尔(Olivier Charmel)表示，赛诺菲从在中国的长期投资中获益良多，将永远是一个可靠的合作伙伴。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据前文“Sanfi has benefited a lt frm its lng-term investment in China”可知，赛诺菲从在中国的长期投资中获益良多，所以应是可靠的伙伴，reliable意为“可靠的”符合语境。故选K项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：Shi说，公司启动赛诺菲中国慈善基金的目的是更好地满足中国的健康需求，它的第一个项目将专门关注儿童和青少年的糖尿病。本句是省略that的宾语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据后文“the Sanfi China Charity Grant with an aim t better meet the health needs in China”可知，应是启动赛诺菲中国慈善基金的目的是更好地满足中国的健康需求，所以launched意为“发起”符合语境。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：Shi说，公司启动赛诺菲中国慈善基金的目的是更好地满足中国的健康需求，它的第一个项目将专门关注儿童和青少年的糖尿病。修饰空后的动词，所以空处应填副词，根据后文“fcus n diabetes mellitus in children and adlescents”，可知应是专门关注儿童和青少年的糖尿病，所以specifically意为“专门地”符合语境。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：在启动仪式后举行的小组讨论中，北京大学人民医院内分泌科主任纪立农高度认可了糖尿病项目的重要性。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据后文“the imprtance f the diabetes prject”可知，应是认可了糖尿病项目的重要性，所以recgnized意为“承认”符合语境。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：他说，目前中国儿童和青少年患I型糖尿病的人数在世界上排名第四。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词修饰，根据后文“ranks furth in the wrld fr the number f children and adlescents suffering frm type I diabetes.”可知，应是目前中国儿童和青少年患I型糖尿病的人数在世界上排名第四，所以currently意为“当前”符合语境。故选G项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在慈善捐款的帮助下，他希望中国能够建立一个更完善的医疗保健体系，特别是针对1型糖尿病。后文是名词，所以空处应填形容词，根据后文“health care system especially fr type I diabetes”可知，应是更完善的医疗保健体系，所以cmplete意为“完整的”符合语境。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：除了糖尿病，赛诺菲中国慈善基金还将用于抗击其他疾病，如免疫疾病。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据后文“t cmbat ther diseases such as immunity diseases.”可知，应是用于抗击其他疾病，如免疫疾病，所以utilized和前面的be构成被动语态，表示“被用于”。故选B项。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A (15分)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Sme f us bttle up the emtin, while thers ____21____ in a wild anger. Bth habits have bad effects n ur bdies, ur minds, and ur relatinships.
Anger may feel uncmfrtable, but it’s als nrmal and healthy. “A lt f peple think they have t ____22____ their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychlgist. “But anger is an emtin built int us t signal that smething needs t be ____23____ . ” When we take ntice f that signal and actually crrect the prblem instead f ignring it, we’re usually much better fr it.
____24____ , many f us have been cnditined t keep ur emtins hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have lng-term effects n ur health. Investigatrs at the University f Rchester nticed that peple wh ____25____ their emtins tend t have shrter life spans. They’re mre likely t die earlier frm cancer, ____26____ . When we’re angry, stress hrmnes are released, which can make us mre likely t develp a wide range f diseases, including diabetes, depressin, and autimmune cnditins.
Is it better, then, t ____27____ whenever smething makes yu mad? That’s the fundamental reasn behind the “rage rms” that have ppped up in many American cities, where flks are invited t release their anger by vilently having stuff ____28____ in a “safe” envirnment.
“The thery is that yu get the anger ut f yur system thrugh aggressive actins, and it’s ____29____ , ” says Keelan. “But the research indicates that when we display ur anger aggressively, it can actually increase the ______30______ f the anger — and increase the likelihd f aggressive actins in the future.” It desn’t take much imaginatin t ______31______ hw displaying anger vilently can affect yur relatinships with yur spuse, yur kids, r yur c-wrkers. It als ______32______ yur health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University fund that peple are mre than twice as likely t have a heart attack after an angry utburst. The increased bld pressure and heart rate put ______33______ n the cardivascular (心血管的) system.
If we shuldn’t bttle up ur angry feelings but aggressive behaviur isn’t healthy either, hw shuld we ______34______ things that irritate us? It’s the extreme highs and lws that take a tll. If yu’re able t apply techniques that smth ut sme f thse ______35______ , yu can have a gentler ride.
21.
A. escapeB. expldeC. evacuateD. express
22.
A. get ut fB. get dwn withC. get hld fD. get rid f
23.
A. cnsumedB. creditedC. erasedD. addressed
24.
A. UnfrtunatelyB. IncrediblyC. GenerallyD. Literally
25.
A. cntainB. releaseC. aruseD. strengthen
26.
A. n the cntraryB. in shrtC. as usualD. fr example
27.
A. fightB. screamC. glareD. pur
28.
A. smashedB. spiltC. separatedD. shaken
29.
A. inspiringB. scaringC. upladingD. liberating
30.
A. stabilityB. quantityC. intensityD. pririty
31.
A. predictB. prspectC. reactD. reflect
32.
A. bthersB. restrictsC. hurtsD. breaks
33.
A. warningB. emphasisC. stressD. flw
34.
A. fllwB. handleC. avidD. shadw
35
A dwn and utB. twists and turnsC. apples and rangesD. peaks and valleys
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究表明对于愤怒情绪，无论是压抑还是在狂怒中爆发，都会对我们的身体、思想和人际关系产生不良影响。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们中的一些人压抑着情绪，而另一些人则突然爆发。A. escape逃脱；B. explde突然爆发，迸发；C. evacuate疏散，撤离；D. express表达，表露。根据上文中的“Sme f us bttle up the emtin”可知，有些人压抑着情绪，结合while表对比可知，此处与上文为对比关系，所以此处应表示有些人愤怒情绪“突然爆发”符合语境。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“很多人认为他们必须摆脱愤怒，”注册心理学家帕特里克·基兰(Patrick Keelan)说。A. get ut f逃脱，逃避；B. get dwn with与……狂欢作乐；C. get hld f成功获得；D. get rid f摆脱，去除。根据上文中的“Anger may feel uncmfrtable, but it’s als nrmal and healthy.”可知愤怒是感到不舒服，但也是正常的情绪，再结合下文“instead f ignring it”讲有人忽视愤怒情绪可知，心理学家帕特里克·基兰指出一些人们对愤怒的不同看法，由此可知，此处指的是有人想要“摆脱”愤怒。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但愤怒是我们与生俱来的一种情绪，表明有些事情需要解决。A. cnsumed消耗；B. credited相信；C. erased擦除；D. addressed解决。根据下文中的“When we take ntice f that signal and actually crrect the prblem instead f ignring it, we’re usually much better fr it. ”可知，当我们注意到这种情绪并且去纠正而不是忽略时，我们会感到更好，由此可知，此处指的是愤怒是一种需要“解决”的情绪。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们中的许多人都习惯于隐藏自己的情绪。A. Unfrtunately不幸的是；B. Incredibly难以置信地；C. Generally一般，通常；D. Literally真正地，字面上。根据上文中的“When we take ntice f that signal and actually crrect the prblem instead f ignring it, we’re usually much better fr it. ”可知，当我们注意到这种情绪并且去纠正而不是忽略时，我们会感到更好，结合下文中的“many f us have been cnditined t keep ur emtins hidden.”可知，我们中的一些人习惯于隐藏自己的情绪，由此可知，上下文之间表示转折意义，所以此处应表示“不幸的是”符合语境。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗切斯特大学的研究人员注意到，控制自己情绪的人往往寿命较短。A. cntain抑制，控制；B. release释放；C. aruse引起，激起；D. strengthen加强。根据上文中的“____4____ , many f us have been cnditined t keep ur emtins hidden.”可知，有些人习惯于隐藏自己的情绪，这是不幸的事情，由此可知，此处讲述的是“控制”情绪的人，符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，他们更有可能早死于癌症。A. n the cntrary相反；B. in shrt总之；C. as usual像往常一样；D. fr example例如。根据上文中的“Investigatrs at the University f Rchester nticed that peple wh ____5____ their emtins tend t have shrter life spans.”可知，控制情绪的人倾向于短命，结合“They’re mre likely t die earlier frm cancer”可知，此处列举具体的事例说明控制情绪的人倾向于短命，由此可知，此处应为“例如”符合语境。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，当有什么事情让你生气时，尖叫是不是更好呢？A. fight战斗，打仗；B. scream尖叫；C. glare怒视；D. pur倾倒。根据下文中的“That’s the fundamental reasn behind the “rage rms” that have ppped up in many American cities”可知，这就是美国许多城市出现“愤怒屋”背后的根本原因，由此可推断，此处讲述的是在人们感到愤怒时选择“尖叫”的做法。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是美国许多城市出现“愤怒屋”背后的根本原因，在那里，人们被邀请在一个“安全”的环境中通过暴力打碎东西来释放他们的愤怒。A. smashed打碎，粉碎；B. spilt洒出，溢出；C. separated分离；D. shaken动摇。根据上文中的“where flks are invited t release their anger by vilently having stuff”可知，在那个“愤怒屋”人们通过暴力释放愤怒，由此可知，此处应表示暴力“打碎”东西，符合语境。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：基兰说：“理论是，你可以通过激进的行为将愤怒从你的系统中释放出来，这是一种解放。”A. inspiring激励；B. scaring使害怕；C. uplading上传；D. liberating解放。根据上文中的“The thery is that yu get the anger ut f yur system thrugh aggressive actins”可知，理论上可以通过激进的行为释放愤怒，这就是一种“解放”符合语境。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但研究表明，当我们攻击性地表达愤怒时，实际上会增加愤怒的强度，并增加未来采取攻击性行为的可能性。A. stability稳定；B. quantity数量；C. intensity强度；D. pririty优先事项。根据上文中的“But the research indicates that when we display ur anger aggressively”可知，此处讲述的是研究发现攻击性表达愤怒时造成的影响，结合语境和下文中的“and increase the likelihd f aggressive actins in the future.”可知，攻击性表达愤怒会增加未来采取攻击性行为的可能性，由此可推断，此处指的是攻击性表达愤怒会增加愤怒的“强度”符合句意。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不需要太多的想象力就能预测出暴力表达愤怒会如何影响你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系。A. predict预测；B. prspect勘探，探矿；C. react作出回应；D. reflect反映。根据常识和上文中的“It desn’t take much imaginatin”以及下文中的“hw displaying anger vilently can affect yur relatinships with yur spuse, yur kids, r yur c-wrkers.”可知，不需要很多的想象力就可以“预测”到暴力表达愤怒会如何影响你与配偶、孩子或同事的关系。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还会损害你的健康。A. bthers打扰；B. restricts限制；C. hurts伤害；D. breaks打破。根据下文中的“A large 2016 study at McMaster University fund that peple are mre than twice as likely t have a heart attack after an angry utburst.”可知，麦克马斯特大学2016年的一项大型研究发现，人们在愤怒爆发后心脏病发作的可能性是普通人的两倍多，由此可知，此处指的是愤怒也会对身体造成“伤害”符合语境。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：血压和心率的升高会给心血管系统带来压力。A. warning警告；B. emphasis重点；C. stress压力；D. flw流动。根据常识和上文中的“The increased bld pressure”可知，愤怒会造成血压增加，由此可推断，血压的升高会带给血管“压力”符合语境。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不应该压抑自己的愤怒情绪，但攻击性行为也不健康，那么我们应该如何处理激怒我们的事情呢？A. fllw跟随；B. handle处理；C. avid避免；D. shadw跟踪。根据语境和上文中的“If we shuldn’t bttle up ur angry feelings but aggressive behaviur isn’t healthy either”可知，控制愤怒或者攻击性行为释放愤怒都不是健康处理情绪的方法，所以，此处提出该用什么方法“处理”愤怒，符合语境。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：如果你能运用一些技巧来消除这些高峰和低谷，你就能有一个更温和的旅程。A. dwn and ut一贫如洗的；B. twists and turns曲折变化；C. apples and ranges风马牛不相及的事物；D. peaks and valleys高峰和低谷。根据上文中的“It’s the extreme highs and lws that take a tll.”可知，只有极端的高潮和低谷才会让你付出代价，所以，此处指的是要运用一些技巧来消除“高峰和低谷”来处理愤怒情绪。故选D项。
Sectin B (每题2分)
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Artist Susan Shepherd is best knwn fr her flwer paintings, and the large garden that surrunds her huse is the surce f many f her subjects. It is full f her favurite flwers, mst especially vancties f tulips and pppies. Sme f the plants are unruly and seed themselves all ver the garden. There is a harmny f clur, shape and structure in the tw lng flwer brders that line the paved path which crsses the garden frm east t west. Much f this is due t the previus wners wh were keen gardeners, and wh left plants that appealed t Susan. She als inherited the gardener, Danny. “In fact, it was really his garden,” she says. “We gt n very well. At first he wuld say, “Oh, it’s nt wrth it” t sme f the things I wanted t put in, but when I said I wanted t paint them, he recgnized what I had in mind.”
Susan prefers t fcus n detailed studies f individual plants rather than n the garden as a whle, thugh she will ccasinally paint a grup f plants where they are. Mre usually, she picks them and then takes them up t her studi. “I dn’t set the whle thing up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer ut and paint it, which might take a few days, and then I bring in anther ne and build up the painting that way. Smetimes it takes a cuple f years t finish.”
Her busiest time f year is spring and early summer, when the tulips are ut, fllwed by the pppies. “They all cme ut tgether, and yu’re s busy,” she says. But the gradual decaying prcess is als part f the fascinatin fr her. With tulips, fr example, “yu bring them in and put them in water, then leave them fr perhaps a day and they each frm themselves int different shapes. They pen ut and are fantastic. When yu first put them in a vase, yu think they are bring, but they change all the time with twists and turns.”
36. In the first paragraph, the authr describes Susan’s garden as ________.
A. being nly partly finished
B. having a path lined with flwers
C. having caused prblems fr the previus wners
D. needing a lt f wrk t keep it lking attractive
37. What des Susan say abut Danny?
A. He felt she was interfering in his wrk.
B. He immediately understd her feelings.
C. He was recmmended by the previus wners.
D. He was slw t see the pint f sme f her ideas.
38. What is Susan’s apprach t painting?
A. She creates her paintings in several stages.
B. She spends all day painting an individual flwer.
C. She likes t d research n a plant befre she paints it.
D. She will wait until a flwer is ready t be picked befre painting it.
39. Susan thinks that tulips ________.
A. lk best sme time after they have been cut.
B shuld be kept in the huse fr as lng as pssible.
C. are nt easy t paint because they change s quickly.
D. are mre clurful and better shaped than ther flwers.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。作者通过叙述Susan Shepherd的花园和她的绘画过程，向读者介绍了一个艺术家和她的艺术创作过程，以及她对花园和花卉的热爱和观察。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“There is a harmny f clur, shape and structure in the tw lng flwer brders that line the paved path which crsses the garden frm east t west.(在从东到西穿过花园的铺砌小路上，有两条长长的花边，颜色、形状和结构都很和谐)”可知，作者描述苏珊的花园有一条两旁种满鲜花的小路。故选B项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Much f this is due t the previus wners wh were keen gardeners, and wh left plants that appealed t Susan. She als inherited the gardener, Danny. “In fact, it was really his garden,” she says. “We gt n very well. At first he wuld say, “Oh, it’s nt wrth it” t sme f the things I wanted t put in, but when I said I wanted t paint them, he recgnized what I had in mind.”(这在很大程度上要归功于前业主，他们是热心的园丁，留下的植物很合苏珊的心意。她还继承了园丁丹尼。她说:“事实上，这真的是他的花园。我们相处得很好。起初，我想种一些东西时，他会说‘哦，这不值得’，但当我说我想把它们画下来时，他明白了我的想法。”)”可知，Danny一开始并不理解她的想法，但当她告诉他她想画这些植物时，他才明白了她的意图。因此可以推断出Danny一开始并不理解Susan的某些想法。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Susan prefers t fcus n detailed studies f individual plants rather than n the garden as a whle, thugh she will ccasinally paint a grup f plants where they are. Mre usually, she picks them and then takes them up t her studi. “I dn’t set the whle thing up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer up at nce,” she says. “I take ne flwer ut and paint it, which might take a few days, and then I bring in anther ne and build up the painting that way. Smetimes it takes a cuple f years t finish.”(苏珊更喜欢专注于对个别植物的详细研究，而不是整个花园，尽管她会偶尔在原地画一组植物。更常见的情况是，她会采摘植物，然后把它们带到她的工作室去。“我不会一次性把整幅画都画出来，”她说。“我一次只带一朵花上楼，”她说。“我拿出一朵花，然后开始画它，这可能需要几天的时间，然后我再拿一朵花，以这种方式创作画作。有时完成一幅画需要几年的时间。”)”可知，Susan的绘画方法是分阶段完成的，她会先画一朵花，可能需要几天时间，然后再画另一朵花，这样逐渐构建起整幅画。这种方法是分阶段进行的。故选A项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“With tulips, fr example, “yu bring them in and put them in water, then leave them fr perhaps a day and they each frm themselves int different shapes. They pen ut and are fantastic. When yu first put them in a vase, yu think they are bring, but they change all the time with twists and turns.”(以郁金香为例，“你把它们带回家，放进水里，也许放一天，它们就会各自变成不同的形状。它们会开放，看起来美极了。当你第一次把它们放进花瓶时，你可能会觉得它们单调，但它们会随着时间不断变化，曲折盘旋。”)”可知，把郁金香放在水里一段时间后，它们会形成不同的形状并开放，看起来非常棒。因此，她认为郁金香在被剪下来一段时间后看起来最好。故选A项。
(B)
Citizen science gives curius peple the pprtunity t becme extra sets f hands, eyes and ears in real scientific research. Bringing many peple tgether t dcument endangered species, mnitr water quality r watch the stars makes it pssible t d science n large scales and tackle bigger research questins. Here are just five f the hundreds f citizen science prjects that yu can participate in.
Nature’s Ntebk
Vlunteers in this prject “take the pulse f the planet” by dcumenting changes in plants, animals and insects t help scientists understand hw ecsystems are being affected by climate change. Yu can jin a reginal campaign like Mayfly Watch r Pesky Plant Trackers, r chse frm ver 1, 400 species t watch in Nrth America. Then, lg yur bservatins n the Nature’s Ntebk mbile app.
Crwd the Tap
Vlunteers test the water and pipes in their hmes s researchers can map the pipe infrastructure in the United States and identify plluted water supplies. All yu need is a penny and a magnet (t determine whether pipes are made f steel, cpper, plastic r lead, which is nt always bvius visually) . Yu can als share bservatins abut yur tap water like clr, smell and taste. If yu live near a participating library r schl, yu can check ut a kit t test yur water chemistry.
GLOBE Observer
The NASA-spnsred GLOBE prject seeks t understand ur changing envirnment and climate thrugh crwd-surced bservatins. The prject is app-based, and users can uplad bservatins abut cluds, msquit habitat, trees r land cver t give researchers a glbal picture f hw ur planet is changing ver time.
The Happiness Prject
Help psychlgy researchers understand the relatinship between happiness and decisin-making by playing games. All yu need t participate is the prject’s smartphne app t access games that subtly investigate hw players apprach risky decisins, while peridically asking them t rate their happiness level. Game and happiness scres becme data that researchers use t figure ut hw expectatins cntribute t happiness.
Explanet Watch
Experiment time n big telescpes like Hubble is precius, s NASA needs backyard astrnmers t help researchers narrw dwn when and where t turn their sights t find planets utside f ur slar system. Every day, the prject psts new explanet targets fr vlunteers t keep an eye n. If yu dn’t have a telescpe, yu can still aid the search by analyzing data frm thers’ bservatins.
40. What is the primary purpse f citizen science prjects, as described in the article?
A. T prvide vlunteers with pprtunities t learn abut scientific research.
B. T allw scientists t rely n vlunteers fr data analysis.
C. T engage curius individuals in scientific research.
D. T highlight the imprtance f citizens’ cntributin t science.
41. What des the underlined phrase “take the pulse f the planet” mean?
A. Mnitr the heart rates f endangered species.
B. Recrd changes in ecsystems t assess the impact f climate change.
C. Observe the behavir f insects and animals.
D. Launch a campaign t raise awareness abut climate change.
42. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Crwd the Tap aims t raise peple’s awareness abut water-related diseases.
B. Explanet Watch relies nly n prfessinal astrnmers t search fr explanets.
C. The Happiness Prject investigates the relatinship between happiness and games.
D. GLOBE Observer cllects bservatins abut ur changing envirnment thrugh an app-based platfrm.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。详细介绍了五个公民科学项目，旨在让读者了解这些项目的目的、方法和意义。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Citizen science gives curius peple the pprtunity t becme extra sets f hands，eyes and ears in real scientific research.(公民科学使好奇的人们有机会在真正的科学研究中成为额外的帮手、眼睛和耳朵)”可知，公民科学项目的主要目的是让好奇的人们参与到真正的科学研究中来。故选C项。
【41题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“by dcumenting changes in plants, animals and insects t help scientists understand hw ecsystems are being affected by climate change.(通过记录植物、动物和昆虫的变化来帮助科学家了解生态系统是如何受到气候变化的影响的)”可知，志愿者们通过记录植物、动物和昆虫的变化来“把脉地球”，即监测生态系统的变化以评估气候变化的影响。因此，“take the pulse f the planet”意为“记录生态系统的变化以评估气候变化的影响”。故选B项。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据GLOBE Observer下的“The NASA-spnsred GLOBE prject seeks t understand ur changing envirnment and climate thrugh crwd-surced bservatins. The prject is app-based, and users can uplad bservatins abut cluds, msquit habitat, trees r land cver t give researchers a glbal picture f hw ur planet is changing ver time.(美国宇航局赞助的GLOBE项目旨在通过众包观测了解我们不断变化的环境和气候。这个项目是基于应用程序的，用户可以上传关于云层、蚊子栖息地、树木或土地覆盖的观测结果，让研究人员了解地球是如何随着时间变化的)”可知，GLOBE Observer项目是基于应用程序的，用户可以上传关于云、蚊子栖息地、树木或土地覆盖物的观测数据，以帮助研究人员了解地球随时间的变化情况。故选D项。
(C)
The develpment f bigger brains has lng been cnsidered a hallmark f ur species’ increased intelligence and subsequent dminance n this planet. The last tw millin years f ur evlutin were marked by a nearly furfld increase in brain vlume.
But a grwing bdy f evidence suggests ur brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They declined in size smetime fllwing the end f the last Ice Age.
“Mst peple think f brain evlutin happening in this ne-dimensinal way. It grws, plateaus and stps,” said Jeremy DeSilva, a prfessr f paleanthrplgy at Dartmuth Cllege. “But we’ve lst brain tissue equal t the vlume f a lime - it isn’t a tiny little sliver we’re talking abut.”
The precise timing f that Pst-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until nw. A grup f researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture f fssil and mdern specimen data t pinpint that this lss f gray matter happened between 3, 000 t 5, 000 years ag, accrding t research published in June in the jurnal Frntiers in Eclgy and Evlutin.
Many anthrplgists had initially assumed that the changes cincided with the appearance f agricultural practices arund 10, 000 years ag, and a glbal shift away frm hunting and gathering.
The mre-recent dates frm DeSilva’s grup pint t bming eras fr ancient civilizatins in Nrth Africa, the Middle East and Suth America -cmplex scieties that they think may have played a rle in the shrinkage.
They hypthesized that human scieties gt s cperatively rganized in the past 3, 000 years that we began relying n what researchers call cllective intelligence.
“It is the idea that a grup f peple is smarter than the smartest persn in the grup,” said James Traniell, a bilgy prfessr at Bstn University and ne f DeSilva’s c-authrs. “S basically, if yu live in a grup, yu slve prblems mre rapidly, mre efficiently and mre accurately than what’s pssible fr any individual.”
Traniell said the inspiratin fr applying this idea t why human brains may have shrunk came frm “ultrascial” insects such as ants. Ants frm highly cperative scieties in which divisin f labr has favred smaller-brained individuals due t an advanced level f scial rganizatin.
The researchers suggested that perhaps ur need t maintain a large brain c t keep track f infrmatin abut fd, scial relatinships, predatrs and ur envirnment—has als relaxed in the past few millennia because we culd stre infrmatin externally in ther members f ur scial circles, twns and grups.
“We’re s scial that we dn’t have t knw everything anymre,” DeSilva said. “And we cllectively then perate as a pretty functinal sciety.”
43. What did Jeremy DeSilva mean by saying “But we’ve lst brain tissue equal t the vlume f a lime- it isn’t a tiny little sliver we’re talking abut.”?
A. The shrinking f human brain is significantly nticeable.
B. The shrinking f human brain is a nrmal result f evlutin.
C. The shrinking f human brain is nt as serius as we imagined.
D. The shrinking f human brain is nt a big deal.
44. What pint des the authr want t make by citing the example f ant?
A. A species’ bdy size is nt directly related t its brain size.
B. Cperative scial rganizatin is likely t cause brain shrinkage.
C. The phenmenn f brain shrinkage is nt limited t human beings.
D. Human beings and ants are amng the mst cperative species.
45. Which f the fllwing is NOT ne f the pssible reasns mentined fr human brain’s shrinking?
A. The cming-int-being f agriculture.
B. The bming civilizatin in the wrld.
C. The advancement f scial rganizatin.
D. The develpment f infrmatin technlgy.
46. What des the authr mst want t tell us frm this passage?
A. The reductin f brain size is likely t give rise t serius cnsequences.
B. We humans are still the mst intelligent and dminant species in the wrld.
C. Cllective intelligence mst prbably accunt fr human’s smaller brains.
D. Scial specializatin brings mre gd than harm t us human beings.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. D 46. C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了人类大脑在进化过程中的大小变化，尤其是近期的一项发现，即人类大脑在冰河时代结束后出现了缩小的现象。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“But a grwing bdy f evidence suggests ur brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They declined in size smetime fllwing the end f the last Ice Age. (但越来越多的证据表明，我们的大脑最近以一种意想不到的方式发生了变化：它们在上一个冰河时代结束后的某个时候变小了。)”以及第三段““Mst peple think f brain evlutin happening in this ne-dimensinal way. It grws, plateaus and stps,” said Jeremy DeSilva, a prfessr f paleanthrplgy at Dartmuth Cllege. (“大多数人认为大脑的进化是单向的。达特茅斯学院古人类学教授杰里米·德西尔瓦(Jeremy DeSilva)说：“它会增长，停滞，然后停止。”)”可知，大多数人认为大脑的进化是单向的，以为大脑是增长，停滞，然后停止，但是人类大脑失去了相当于柠檬体积的脑组织，也就是人类大脑的萎缩是非常明显的。故选A项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Traniell said the inspiratin fr applying this idea t why human brains may have shrunk came frm “ultrascial” insects such as ants. Ants frm highly cperative scieties in which divisin f labr has favred smaller-brained individuals due t an advanced level f scial rganizatin. (特拉尼洛说，将这一想法应用于人类大脑萎缩的原因，灵感来自蚂蚁等“超社会性”昆虫。蚂蚁形成高度合作的社会，在这种社会中，由于社会组织的先进水平，劳动分工更倾向于脑容量较小的个体。)”可知，作者引用蚂蚁的例子想说明合作型社会组织容易造成脑萎缩。故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Many anthrplgists had initially assumed that the changes cincided with the appearance f agricultural practices arund 10, 000 years ag, and a glbal shift away frm hunting and gathering. (许多人类学家最初认为，这些变化与大约1万年前农业活动的出现以及全球从狩猎和采集的转变相吻合。)”以及第六段“The mre-recent dates frm DeSilva’s grup pint t bming eras fr ancient civilizatins in Nrth Africa, the Middle East and Suth America -cmplex scieties that they think may have played a rle in the shrinkage. (DeSilva小组的最新数据表明，北非、中东和南美的古代文明正处于繁盛时期，他们认为这些复杂的社会可能在衰落中发挥了作用。)”和第七段“They hypthesized that human scieties gt s cperatively rganized in the past 3, 000 years that we began relying n what researchers call cllective intelligence. (他们假设，在过去的3000年里，人类社会变得如此合作，以至于我们开始依赖研究人员所谓的集体智慧。)”可知，作者提到了农业的产生，世界文明蓬勃发展以及社会组织的进步可能是人类大脑萎缩的原因，没有提到信息技术的发展。故选D项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers suggested that perhaps ur need t maintain a large brain c t keep track f infrmatin abut fd, scial relatinships, predatrs and ur envirnment—has als relaxed in the past few millennia because we culd stre infrmatin externally in ther members f ur scial circles, twns and grups. (研究人员认为，也许在过去的几千年里，我们需要保持一个大的大脑来记录有关食物、社会关系、捕食者和环境的信息，这一需求也有所放松，因为我们可以将信息存储在我们社交圈、城镇和群体的其他成员身上。)”和最后一段““We’re s scial that we dn’t have t knw everything anymre,” DeSilva said. “And we cllectively then perate as a pretty functinal sciety.” (DeSilva说：“我们是如此的社会化，我们不再需要知道所有的事情。”“然后我们共同作为一个功能齐全的社会运作。”)”可知，本文作者最想告诉我们集体智慧很可能是人类大脑变小的原因。故选C项。
Sectin C (每题2分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Decding Yur Emtins
Almst all f us can remember a time when we were angry with a friend r anxius abut ging t a jb interview. We experience such a wide range f emtins in everyday life, and these can influence the decisins we make — imprtant decisins, such as whether we shuld quit a jb, t the mre trivial like what we’re ging t have fr dinner. ____47____ We have t figure ut whether they’re feeling happy r sad, fearful r angry, jealus r amused, and determine hw t respnd while handling ur wn emtins.
Emtins are cntrlled by many different chemicals, r neurtransmitters and electrical impulses. ____48____ Between tw nerves is a small gap called synapse, where neurtransmitters carry messages between the gaps. Depending n the neurtransmitters that are released and nt released this chemical and electrical surge prvides us with the capability f feeling emtins.
Emtins have been studied as far back as the 4 century BC. The Greek philspher Aristtle attempted t identify the number f cre human cmtins. During the 1970s, psychlgist Paul Ekman identified six basic emtins — happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust-these prvide the basis fr mre cmplicated emtinal experiences we have. ____49____ Since then, the number f human emtins has cntinued t be a subject f debate, with sme suggesting that there are nly fur emtins, while thers suggesting 27, and sme say there are infinite number as lng as yu can express them.
____50____ Fr example, in Japanese culture it is cnsidered ffensive t display negative emtins in frnt f anther persn. Americans, hwever, are encuraged t express their emtins regardless f the persn present. Despite the cultural differences, ur emtins play a crucial rle in guiding us thrugh life, affecting the decisins we make and the ways we cnnect with thers. Our emtins are what makes us human. By expressing ur emtins-and cmfrting thers in their f need — we strengthen ur relatinships, and prvide a surce f cmfrt t ne anther.
A. Electrical impulses are sent alng a nerve, which cnnect t many mre nerves.
B. Emtins als decides the way we interact with ur family, friends and clleagues and even urselves.
C. In fact, the way we express ur emtins can vary acrss cultures.
D. Based n the study, distinct cultural backgrunds’ cntributing t different emtins has its reasns.
E. Ekman later expanded his list f basic emtins t include shame, guilt and relief.
F. Additinally, emtins have lng-lasting impacts n ur interpersnal relatinships t
【答案】47. B 48. A 49. E 50. C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了情绪的由来、种类、对生活的作用和文化上的差异。
【47题详解】
前文“We experience such a wide range f emtins in everyday life, and these can influence the decisins we make — imprtant decisins, such as whether we shuld quit a jb, t the mre trivial like what we’re ging t have fr dinner.(我们在日常生活中会经历各种各样的情绪，这些情绪会影响我们做出的决定——重要的决定，比如我们是否应该辞职，更琐碎的决定，比如我们晚餐吃什么)”表示不同的情绪会影响我们做决定，后文“We have t figure ut whether they’re feeling happy r sad, fearful r angry, jealus r amused, and determine hw t respnd while handling ur wn emtins.(我们必须弄清楚他们是感到快乐还是悲伤，恐惧还是愤怒，嫉妒还是有趣，并决定如何在处理我们自己的情绪时做出反应)”中they与空处句子中的人物相关，B选项“情绪也决定了我们与家人、朋友、同事甚至我们自己的互动方式”表示情绪对于我们与他人相处的影响，其中的不同人物与下一句的they对应。故选B。
【48题详解】
前文“Emtins are cntrlled by many different chemicals, r neurtransmitters and electrical impulses.(情绪是由许多不同的化学物质或神经递质和电脉冲控制的)”及后文“Between tw nerves is a small gap called synapse, where neurtransmitters carry messages between the gaps.(两根神经之间有一个叫做突触的小间隙，神经递质在间隙之间传递信息)”可知，本段讲述情绪的出现机制，A选项“电脉冲沿着一条神经发送，这条神经与更多的神经相连”讲述电脉冲的传播途径，electrical impulses与前一句中呼应。故选A。
【49题详解】
前文“During the 1970s, psychlgist Paul Ekman identified six basic emtins — happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise and disgust-these prvide the basis fr mre cmplicated emtinal experiences we have.(在20世纪70年代，心理学家保罗·埃克曼(Paul Ekman)确定了六种基本情绪——快乐、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧、惊讶和厌恶——这些情绪为我们拥有的更复杂的情绪体验提供了基础)”提出保罗提出了六种基本情绪，后文“Since then, the number f human emtins has cntinued t be a subject f debate, with sme suggesting that there are nly fur emtins, while thers suggesting 27, and sme say there are infinite number as lng as yu can express them.(从那以后，人类情绪的数量一直是争论的主题，有人认为只有四种情绪，而另一些人则认为有27种情绪，还有人说只要你能表达出来，就有无限种情绪)”表示到目前为止，到底有多少种情绪是颇受争议的，E选项“克曼后来扩大了他的基本情绪清单，包括羞耻、内疚和解脱”表示保罗继续添加了基本情绪种类，语境都在反应情绪种类，前后一致。故选E。
【50题详解】
后文“Fr example, in Japanese culture it is cnsidered ffensive t display negative emtins in frnt f anther persn. Americans, hwever, are encuraged t express their emtins regardless f the persn present.(例如，在日本文化中，在别人面前表现出负面情绪被认为是无礼的。然而，美国人被鼓励表达自己的情绪，而不管在场的是谁)”表示在不同文化中，不同情绪的文化是不一致的，C选项“事实上，我们表达情感的方式在不同的文化中是不同的”引出下文指出具体的现象，符合语境。故选C。
IV. Summary Writing (10分)
51. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Hw t Enhance Children’s Attentin Span
In a wrld f increased multitasking and smart devices that cnstantly cmpete fr ur attentin, it has becme harder t keep children n task during studying r huse hld activities. Part f this is envirnmental, put part f it is als a lack f training that is taking place. Being attentive is a skill, rarely an innate talent, and must be cultivated in children fr them t succeed.
Eliminating envirnmental distractins’ can be a smart way t, imprve a child’s attentin. It’s imprtant t remember that many things in a child’s envirnment can draw a child’s attentin span away frm the task r lessn at hand, including surrunding nises, visual messes and internal distractins. Prviding an envirnment that is as free f distractins as pssible can dramatically Imprve a child’s attentin because it means there are fewer things arund fr the child’s attentin span t be divided between. This is als why it’s a gd idea t d studying in an area which is nt usually used fr ther activities, such as in the sitting rm.
Nt being prepared fr a lessn als serves as a distractin because it needs a five r ten minutes t gather the necessary materials. Help keep yur child rganized and make sure all necessary study materials are clse at hand befre it’s time t start a lessn t avid a wild gse chase that will break up yur child’s attentin befre the lessn has even begun.
Several scientific studies have linked a child’s decreased attentin span t increased time in frnt f screened devices such as tablets and televisin, s parents shuld make effrts t limit ver-stimulatin caused by these devices t leisure time and keep them away frm studying activities. This isn’t t say that children shuld avid the use f smart devices, televisins, r vide games indefinitely. After all, these utlets prvide much-needed relaxatin t children and can even help t imprve their hand-eye crdinatin. I strngly suggest that parents shuld make sure that screen-time is a privilege (特权) , nt a right. That is t say, use screen-time as a reward.
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【答案】Due t the dminance f digital devices, keeping children fcused n study r husehld activities is getting mre and mre difficult. T imprve their attentin, it’s a brilliant idea t find an undisturbed envirnment and get necessary materials prepared fr children befre they study. Als, make sure the time spent n screened devices shuld be limited, but nt ttally cancelled.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于电子产品在生活中的主导地位，孩子们注意力出现了问题。可以通过寻找干扰的环境，在学习前备好材料来帮助孩子们提高注意力。家长还应该规范孩子们使用电子产品的时间，而不是一味地取消。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In a wrld f increased multitasking and smart devices that cnstantly cmpete fr ur attentin, it has becme harder t keep children n task during studying r huse hld activities.
②Prviding an envirnment that is as free f distractins as pssible can dramatically imprve a child’s attentin because it means there are fewer things arund fr the child’s attentin span t be divided between.
③Nt being prepared fr a lessn als serves as a distractin because it needs a five r ten minutes t gather the necessary materials.
④Several scientific studies have linked a child’s decreased attentin span t increased time in frnt f screened devices such as tablets and televisin, s parents shuld make effrts t limit ver-stimulatin caused by these devices t leisure time and keep them away frm studying activities.
⑤This isn’t t say that children shuld avid the use f smart devices, televisins, r vide games indefinitely.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②、③要点进行重组，将第④、⑤两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Due t the dminance f digital devices, keeping children fcused n study r husehld activities is getting mre and mre difficult.
T imprve their attentin, it’s a brilliant idea t find an undisturbed envirnment and get necessary materials prepared fr children befre they study.
Als, make sure the time spent n screened devices shuld be limited, but nt ttally cancelled.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T imprve their attentin, it’s a brilliant idea t find an undisturbed envirnment and get necessary materials prepared fr children befre they study.（动词不定式T imprve 作目的状语；it作形式主语、动词不定式t find作真正的主语）
[高分句型2] Als, make sure the time spent n screened devices shuld be limited, but nt ttally cancelled.（make sure运用了省略that的宾语从句、过去分词spent 作后置定语）
V. Translatin (15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 如果你身陷火灾，用湿毛巾捂住口鼻来确保呼吸顺畅。 (ensure) (汉译英)
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【答案】If yu are caught in a fire, cver yur muth and nse with a wet twel t ensure smth breathing.
【详解】考查状语从句和非谓语动词。分析所给中文提示词，本句可用if引导的条件状语从句，“如果你身陷火灾”为从句，“你”作主语，译为“yu”，“身陷火灾”为固定表达：be caught in a fire，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，译为“are caught in a fire”，“用湿毛巾捂住口鼻来确保呼吸顺畅”用祈使句型，“捂住”作谓语，译为“cver”，“口鼻”作宾语，译为“yur muth and nse”，“用湿毛巾”作状语，译为“with a wet twel”，“来确保呼吸顺畅”根据题干要求，用ensure，此处用不定式作目的状语，译为“t ensure smth breathing”。故译为：If yu are caught in a fire, cver yur muth and nse with a wet twel t ensure smth breathing.
53. 你看上去有点心力交瘁，你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢? (stress) (汉译英)
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【答案】Yu lk a little stressed. Wuld yu like t talk with me abut yur recent trubles after schl?
【详解】考查形容词和基本句型。分析所给中文句子，“你看上去有点心力交瘁”用主系表结构。描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，“心力交瘁”根据题干要求，可用stressed，译为“Yu lk a little stressed.”，“你是否想在放学后和我聊一聊近期的烦心事呢?”可用wuld yu like疑问句表语气委婉，“与……聊天”表达为talk with sb.，“最近的烦心事”表达为recent trubles，故本句译为“Wuld yu like t talk with me abut yur recent trubles after schl?”。故译为：Yu lk a little stressed. Wuld yu like t talk with me abut yur recent trubles after schl?
54. 为了救助身心受创的灾民，我们现在呼吁学生志愿者参与“重建家园”项目。 (aid) (汉译英)
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【答案】In rder t aid the physically and mentally traumatized victims, we nw appeal t student vlunteers t participate in the “Rebuild Our Hmes” prject.
【详解】考查动词短语和动词。根据所给中文提示词，“为了救助身心受创的灾民，”可用介词短语：in rder t引导的目的状语，“救助”根据题干要求，用aid，“身心受创的灾民”作宾语，译为“physically and mentally traumatized victims”，译为“in rder t aid the physically and mentally traumatized victims”，“我们现在呼吁学生志愿者参与“重建家园”项目”为主句，“我们”作主语，译为“we”，“呼吁”用动词短语：appeal t，根据句意可知，用一般现在时，“学生志愿者”作宾语，译为“student vlunteers”，“参与“重建家园”项目”用不定式作宾语补足语，译为“t participate in the “Rebuild Our Hmes” prject”。故译为：In rder t aid the physically and mentally traumatized victims, we nw appeal t student vlunteers t participate in the “Rebuild Our Hmes” prject.
55. 我们最好提前制定好家庭逃生计划，学习疏散路线并准备好应急包，以防灾难突然袭来。 (strike) (汉译英)
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【答案】We’d better frmulate a husehld escape plan ahead f time, learn the evacuatin rute, and prepare an emergency pack in case disaster suddenly strikes.
【详解】考查固定搭配和状语从句。分析所给中文句子，“我们”作主语，“最好”为固定搭配：had better，“制定”作谓语，译为“frmulate”，“家庭逃生计划”作宾语，译为“a husehld escape plan”，“提前”作状语，译为“ahead f time”，“学习”和“准备”作并列谓语，译为“learn”和“prepare”，“疏散路线”和“应急包”作并列宾语，译为“the evacuatin rute”和“an emergency pack”，“以防灾难突然袭来”为in case引导的状语从句，“灾难”为主语，译为“disaster”，“袭来”作谓语，根据题干要求用strike，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故译为：We’d better frmulate a husehld escape plan ahead f time, learn the evacuatin rute, and prepare an emergency pack in case disaster suddenly strikes.
V. Guided Writing: (25分)
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
近年来，新技术频出。技术进步是否导致了人类社交能力的退化？请写一篇短文表达你的观点及理由。
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【答案】
In recent years, with the emergence f new technlgies, sme peple have expressed cncerns that technlgical advancements may have led t the degradatin f human scial skills. Hwever, I believe that technlgy itself is nt the culprit; instead, it is hw we use technlgy that matters.
Technlgy prvides cnvenient means f cmmunicatin allwing peple t stay cnnected despite physical distances. Scial media platfrms, fr instance, enable individuals t maintain relatinships and build new nes. Vide cnferencing tls have facilitated remte wrk and cllabratin, bringing peple tgether virtually.
Nevertheless, verreliance n technlgy can indeed hinder scial skills. Peple may becme accustmed t hiding behind screens, neglecting face-t-face interactins. T strike a balance, we shuld cnsciusly make effrts t engage in real-life scial activities, cmplementing ur virtual interactins.
In cnclusin, technlgy des nt inherently degrade scial skills. It is up t us t use it wisely and maintain a healthy balance between virtual and physical scializing.
【导语】本篇是开放性作文。要求考生就“技术进步是否导致了人类社交能力的退化？”这个主题写一篇短文表达你的观点及理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
表达：express→cnvey
保持联系：stay cnnected→keep in tuch
尽管：despite→in spite f
参与：engage in→participate in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Technlgy prvides cnvenient means f cmmunicatin, allwing peple t stay cnnected despite physical distances.
拓展句：Technlgy prvides cnvenient means f cmmunicatin, which can allw peple t stay cnnected despite physical distances.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In recent years, with the emergence f new technlgies, sme peple have expressed cncerns that technlgical advancements may have led t the degradatin f human scial skills. (that引导的同位语从句)
[高分句型2] Hwever, I believe that technlgy itself is nt the culprit; instead, it is hw we use technlgy that matters. (that引导的宾语从句和强调句型结构)
A. launched B. utilized C. cmplete D. jintly E. further F. realized
G. currently H. accessible I. specifically J. recgnized K. reliable
A. launched B. utilized C. cmplete D. jintly E. further F. realized
G. currently H. accessible I. specifically J. recgnized K. reliable