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新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类含答案
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这是一份新教材（通用版）高考英语二轮复习考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类含答案，共8页。
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been rising rapidly t the unheard-f level. This is causing plar ice t melt, sea level t rise and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment.
The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revlutin, human activities have increased the amunt f greenhuse gases in the atmsphere. The increased amunt f gases which absrb heat has led t mre heat being kept in the atmsphere, causing glbal warming.
The certainty f glbal warming can be seen thrugh sme f the natural phenmena like the effect n crps and extreme weather cnditins arund the wrld. The recent assessment reprt says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees frm 1906 t 2005, and that the average temperature will cntinue t rise. There have als been mre vilent dwnpurs, and the ice at the wrld’s ples and n its muntains is melting. The rising sea level is flding the lw-lying cuntries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead t the displacement f millins f peple, lss f millins f land and cnsequently billins f dllars.
Trubled by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr the 2015 United Natins (UN) Climate Change Cnference in Paris. The climate talks led t 196 cuntries reaching a landmark agreement that cmmitted nearly every cuntry t lwering planet-warming greenhuse gas emissins t address glbal climate change. That was certainly an encuraging step fr ur earth and mankind!
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld. We dn’t have much chice. If nly we culd just pack ur bags and migrate t Mars!
1.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The infrmatin f industrial revlutin.
B.The greenhuse gases in the atmsphere.
C.The reasns f climate change.
D.The result f extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Sme measures are still required t take.
C.Mars is suitable fr peple’s living.
D.Sme cuntries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle text?
(P:Paragraph)
B
Eating chclate at least nce a week culd put ff a heart attack, accrding t a new research. Chclate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammatin(炎症) and help bld flw, explained scientists.
Lead authr Dr Chayakrit Krittanawng said,“Our study suggests chclate helps keep the heart’s bld vessels healthy.” It cllected data frm six trials that examined the link ver the past five decades. A ttal f 336,289 peple reprted their intake. Thse wh ate chclate mre than nce a week reduced their risk f crnary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was cmpared t peers wh ate it less than nce a week.
Chclate is knwn t prduce the same chemical in the brain as falling in lve. Dr Krittanawng said,“Chclate cntains healthy nutrients such as flavnids(类黄酮), plyphenls and stearic acid which may reduce inflammatin.”
Knwn medically as HDL(high-density lipprtein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps t rid LDL (lw-density lipprtein) ut f the bdy. When this cllects, it causes vessels and arteries t becme blcked up. It can stp bld flw t the heart r brain, causing a heart attack r strke. Dr Krittanawng said,“In the past, clinical studies have shwn chclate is beneficial fr bld pressure.”
Dark chclate has lng been knwn t have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chclate may als prvide valuable nutrients t the heart. Dr Krittanawng pinted ut his study did nt investigate whether any particular type f chclate was mre beneficial—r if there was an ideal prtin size. He said,“Chclate appears prmising fr the preventin f crnary artery disease. But mre research is needed t shw hw much and what kind f chclate culd be recmmended.”
While it’s nt clear hw much is perfect, Dr Krittanawng warned peple against vereating. He said,“Mderate amunts f chclate seem t prtect crnary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities d nt.”
4.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The result f the study.
B.The prcess f the study.
C.The participants f the study.
D.The intentin f the study.
5.Which f the fllwing can prbably prevent bld flw?
A.A heart attack.
B.A strke.
C.High-density lipprtein.
D.Lw-density lipprtein.
6.What des the recent study tell us?
A.Chclate is gd fr bld pressure.
B.Dark chclate is beneficial fr health.
C.Milk chclate may als benefit the heart.
D.Chclate cntains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawng’s attitude twards chclate’s preventing crnary artery disease?
A.Indifferent. B.Hpeful.
C.Negative.D.Uncertain.
C
Few peple realise that it takes many vlunteers fr ne yung child t have a half-hur riding lessn. I vlunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Assciatin (VTEA), clse t the Washingtn State brder. It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers—apprximately eighty—t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children during the week. There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, at times sinking int inches f black, sticky mud during the winter mnths. Usually, tw vlunteers grm(刷洗; 梳毛) the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where the lessn takes place. There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety, ne n each side. Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet s many peple willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age frm tw upwards, the children have varying degrees f mental disabilities. Sme have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.
Thrughut my past life as an accuntant, a business authr and speaker, I vlunteered in many fields and many rganisatins. Hwever, a terrible mtr-vehicle accident changed my life in a split secnd when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard t accept a new “me”, until I discvered that I needed t d smething that I have a passin fr. I lve hrses, and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund. The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.
8.What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A.Hrses fr riding lessns are cared fr carefully.
B.Hrse-riding lessns bring children many benefits.
C.Vlunteers have much t d fr a hrse-riding lessn.
D.Disabled children are taught hrse-riding in a different way.
9.What des the authr think f her vluntary wrk in VTEA?
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but wrthwhile.
C.Funny and enjyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred abut the authr frm the last paragraph?
A.The accident transfrmed her thrughly.
B.Vlunteering has brught her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recvered frm the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in vluntary wrk befre.
11.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Vlunteering: A Jurney Back
D.Hrse-riding: A Hard Lessn
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic in nature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 利于身体健康。
4.A 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Our study suggests chclate helps keep the heart’s bld vessels healthy.” 和 “Thse wh ate chclate mre than nce a week reduced their risk f crnary artery disease by eight percent. This was cmpared t peers wh ate it less than nce a week.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawng博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Knwn medically as HDL(high-density lipprtein), it helps t rid LDL (lw-density lipprtein) ut f the bdy. When this cllects, it causes vessels and arteries t becme blcked up. It can stp bld flw t the heart r brain, causing a heart attack r strke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的 “... but recent research has suggested milk chclate may als prvide valuable nutrients t the heart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chclate appears prmising fr the preventin f crnary artery disease.” 可知, Krittanawng博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, ... tw vlunteers grm the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where ... There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety ... Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers ... t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children ... There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.” 和最后一段的 “The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “... and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。
11.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此, C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been rising rapidly t the unheard-f level. This is causing plar ice t melt, sea level t rise and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment.
The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revlutin, human activities have increased the amunt f greenhuse gases in the atmsphere. The increased amunt f gases which absrb heat has led t mre heat being kept in the atmsphere, causing glbal warming.
The certainty f glbal warming can be seen thrugh sme f the natural phenmena like the effect n crps and extreme weather cnditins arund the wrld. The recent assessment reprt says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees frm 1906 t 2005, and that the average temperature will cntinue t rise. There have als been mre vilent dwnpurs, and the ice at the wrld’s ples and n its muntains is melting. The rising sea level is flding the lw-lying cuntries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead t the displacement f millins f peple, lss f millins f land and cnsequently billins f dllars.
Trubled by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr the 2015 United Natins (UN) Climate Change Cnference in Paris. The climate talks led t 196 cuntries reaching a landmark agreement that cmmitted nearly every cuntry t lwering planet-warming greenhuse gas emissins t address glbal climate change. That was certainly an encuraging step fr ur earth and mankind!
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld. We dn’t have much chice. If nly we culd just pack ur bags and migrate t Mars!
1.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The infrmatin f industrial revlutin.
B.The greenhuse gases in the atmsphere.
C.The reasns f climate change.
D.The result f extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Sme measures are still required t take.
C.Mars is suitable fr peple’s living.
D.Sme cuntries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle text?
(P:Paragraph)
B
Eating chclate at least nce a week culd put ff a heart attack, accrding t a new research. Chclate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammatin(炎症) and help bld flw, explained scientists.
Lead authr Dr Chayakrit Krittanawng said,“Our study suggests chclate helps keep the heart’s bld vessels healthy.” It cllected data frm six trials that examined the link ver the past five decades. A ttal f 336,289 peple reprted their intake. Thse wh ate chclate mre than nce a week reduced their risk f crnary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was cmpared t peers wh ate it less than nce a week.
Chclate is knwn t prduce the same chemical in the brain as falling in lve. Dr Krittanawng said,“Chclate cntains healthy nutrients such as flavnids(类黄酮), plyphenls and stearic acid which may reduce inflammatin.”
Knwn medically as HDL(high-density lipprtein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps t rid LDL (lw-density lipprtein) ut f the bdy. When this cllects, it causes vessels and arteries t becme blcked up. It can stp bld flw t the heart r brain, causing a heart attack r strke. Dr Krittanawng said,“In the past, clinical studies have shwn chclate is beneficial fr bld pressure.”
Dark chclate has lng been knwn t have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chclate may als prvide valuable nutrients t the heart. Dr Krittanawng pinted ut his study did nt investigate whether any particular type f chclate was mre beneficial—r if there was an ideal prtin size. He said,“Chclate appears prmising fr the preventin f crnary artery disease. But mre research is needed t shw hw much and what kind f chclate culd be recmmended.”
While it’s nt clear hw much is perfect, Dr Krittanawng warned peple against vereating. He said,“Mderate amunts f chclate seem t prtect crnary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities d nt.”
4.What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A.The result f the study.
B.The prcess f the study.
C.The participants f the study.
D.The intentin f the study.
5.Which f the fllwing can prbably prevent bld flw?
A.A heart attack.
B.A strke.
C.High-density lipprtein.
D.Lw-density lipprtein.
6.What des the recent study tell us?
A.Chclate is gd fr bld pressure.
B.Dark chclate is beneficial fr health.
C.Milk chclate may als benefit the heart.
D.Chclate cntains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawng’s attitude twards chclate’s preventing crnary artery disease?
A.Indifferent. B.Hpeful.
C.Negative.D.Uncertain.
C
Few peple realise that it takes many vlunteers fr ne yung child t have a half-hur riding lessn. I vlunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Assciatin (VTEA), clse t the Washingtn State brder. It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers—apprximately eighty—t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children during the week. There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.
T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, at times sinking int inches f black, sticky mud during the winter mnths. Usually, tw vlunteers grm(刷洗; 梳毛) the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where the lessn takes place. There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety, ne n each side. Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet s many peple willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age frm tw upwards, the children have varying degrees f mental disabilities. Sme have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.
Thrughut my past life as an accuntant, a business authr and speaker, I vlunteered in many fields and many rganisatins. Hwever, a terrible mtr-vehicle accident changed my life in a split secnd when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard t accept a new “me”, until I discvered that I needed t d smething that I have a passin fr. I lve hrses, and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund. The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.
8.What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A.Hrses fr riding lessns are cared fr carefully.
B.Hrse-riding lessns bring children many benefits.
C.Vlunteers have much t d fr a hrse-riding lessn.
D.Disabled children are taught hrse-riding in a different way.
9.What des the authr think f her vluntary wrk in VTEA?
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but wrthwhile.
C.Funny and enjyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred abut the authr frm the last paragraph?
A.The accident transfrmed her thrughly.
B.Vlunteering has brught her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recvered frm the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in vluntary wrk befre.
11.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Vlunteering: A Jurney Back
D.Hrse-riding: A Hard Lessn
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “The causes f climate change are mainly anthrpgenic in nature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit themselves t mnitr ur sick planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t heal the wrld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析 推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述, D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 利于身体健康。
4.A 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Our study suggests chclate helps keep the heart’s bld vessels healthy.” 和 “Thse wh ate chclate mre than nce a week reduced their risk f crnary artery disease by eight percent. This was cmpared t peers wh ate it less than nce a week.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawng博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Knwn medically as HDL(high-density lipprtein), it helps t rid LDL (lw-density lipprtein) ut f the bdy. When this cllects, it causes vessels and arteries t becme blcked up. It can stp bld flw t the heart r brain, causing a heart attack r strke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。
6.C 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段的 “... but recent research has suggested milk chclate may als prvide valuable nutrients t the heart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chclate appears prmising fr the preventin f crnary artery disease.” 可知, Krittanawng博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析 段落大意题。根据第二段的 “T prepare a hrse fr a ride, smene has t bring it in frm the utside, ... tw vlunteers grm the hrse and put n the special saddle. Then they lead the hrse t where ... There, ne vlunteer leads the hrse, and usually tw walk alngside fr safety ... Then the hrse must be returned t the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “It takes a few paid staff and an army f vlunteers ... t take care f a dzen hrses and help with eighty r mre children ... There is a large barn t clean, and hay nets and water buckets t brush and fill. Specific feeds fr each hrse must be prepared twice daily ... The list is endless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很累人; 再根据第三段的 “Riding strengthens their muscles and bnes, enabling them t enjy a mre fruitful life.” 和最后一段的 “The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.B 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “... and wrking with them and with the children has helped turn my life arund.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。
11.C 解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “The jurney back has been painful but wrthwhile. Nw, furteen years later, I am a different persn.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己。也就是说, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此, C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
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