黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期4月月考英语试题

这是一份黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期4月月考英语试题，共11页。试卷主要包含了5分, 满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

(考试时间: 120分钟 满分150分 共6页)
第I卷 (满分95 分)
第一部分: 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题: 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What has the wmen packed already?
A. Trusers.B. Sprts shes.C. A cat.
2. Why has the wman been trying t call David?
A. T see if he is busy. B. T cancel an appintment. C. T invite him t watch a film.
3. Hw did the man use t g t wrk?
A. On ft.B. By bus.C. By car.
4. What did the man d yesterday afternn?
A. He went ut with Ken.B. He played baseball.C. He watched TV.
5. What des the wman mean?
A. The man isn’t telling the truth.
B. The man had n reasn t be sick.
C. The man didn’t need t attend the meeting.
第二节 (共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话成独白, 每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小趣, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间, 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A party.B. An apartment.C. A hliday plan.
7. What des the wman want t d n weekends?
A. Irn her clthes.B. Bathe in the sun.C. Walk in the park.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至第10题。
8. What des the man want t buy?
A. A camera.B. A cmputer.C. A mbile phne.
9. Why des the wman recmmend Sctt’s Electrnics?
A. The prices are reasnable.
B. The prducts are f high quality.
C. The shp assistants knw much abut their prducts.
10. What has the man frgtten?
A. The phne number f a shp assistant.
B. The starting time f a mvie.
C. The psitin f a stre.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. Hw des the man feel?
A. Prud.B. Satisfied.C. Bred.
12. Hw des the wman help the man?
A. By ffering him jb infrmatin.
B. By imprving his applicatin files.
C. By sending applicatin letters fr him.
13. What did the man play in Rbin Hd?
A. An unimprtant rle.B. The leading actr.C. A silly part.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. What des the man say abut his driving lessns?
A. He made many mistakes at the beginning
B. He has passed the driving test.
C. He had difficulty parking
15. What des the wman think f driving?
A. It is unfit fr her yung age. B. It is t expensive. C. It is useless.
16. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Classmates. C. Brther and sister.
17. What d the man’s parents ffer t d?
A. Buy him a car. B. Drive him t schl. C. Help him practice driving
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Which flight will Mrs. Smith travel n?
A. BA245.B. BA253.C. BA254.
19. Hw des the speaker describe the Grand Htel?
A. It has a gd view f the sea. B. It prvides a free bus. C. It is a tw-star htel.
20. Wh can Mrs. Smith turn t fr help if she has prblem?
A. The speaker.B. Patricia.C. Julia.
第二部分: 阅读理解 (共20小题: 每题2. 5分, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 在A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项。
A
The scial purpse f the (版权) system is t encurage creativity and the advancement f knwledge by giving thse wh make intellectual cntributins a “unique right t their writings and discveries” fr limited times. Prtectin is prvided fr a much lnger time fr cpyrights than fr patents. The U. . Cpyright Law f 1976 prvides a term r the lifetime f the authr plus 50 years. It recgnizes that the value f written wrks ften extends ver a lnger time than that f technlgical advances in the public area.
It is essential t register fr frmal prtectin in rder t have sme degree f prtectin against the cpyright f ne’s wrks by thers. The prcedure fr btaining a cpyright registratin is quite simple—an applicatin is submitted with a small fee and tw cpies f the wrk. N examinatin is made, and the cpyright is immediately in frce
The Cpyright Office will prvide n request a variety f leaflets (小册子) describing the prcedure and giving infrmatin abut the classes f subject matter that can be registered.
Yu can cntact the Cpyright Office () fr mre infrmatin.
21. In which aspect d s differ frm patents?
A. The applicatin fee.B. The time length f prtectin
C. The intellectual value.D. The cntributin t sciety.
22. Which f the fllwing shuld yu prvide fr registratin?
A. Cpies f yur wrk.B. Phts f yurself.
C. Intrductry leaflets.D. Examinatin certificates.
23. Accrding t the text, the Cpyright Office may reject ________.
A. a mvie abut a new methd f time travel
B. an riginal musical cmpsitin fr children
C. a bk abut ne’s pinins n American laws
D. an fficial dcument issued by the lcal cunty
B
During my first year in China, sme friends wh’d been arund a little lnger than me intrduced me t the cncept f “Huse Plant Syndrme”.
Imagine yu are at a party at smene’s huse. Yu’re hanging ut when suddenly a huse plant starts talking t yu. Nw, there are several ways yu culd respnd t this. Perhaps yu wuld ignre it. Perhaps yu wuld ask the persn next t yu if they heard it as well. Perhaps yu wuld try talking back t the huse plant and engaging it in cnversatin.
I am that huse plant.
The stry f the talking huse plant explains what can happen here when a white persn unexpectedly speaks Chinese. It’s especially true with Chinese wh haven’t met freigners befre.
Over time I learned t deal with Huse Plant Syndrme by talking withut being lked at. I visited a restaurant at least nce a week. Waitresses there wuld ften stare blankly at me, nt even hearing what I was saying when I tried t ask fr things. S I leaned t speak clearly while lking in anther directin. Withut the “freigners dn’t speak Mandarin” filter, the waitresses heard and understd me easily and respnded immediately.
A few years later, as my Mandarin became mre fluent, and my freign accent diminished (减少), peple culd hardly realize I was actually a huse plant. This happened a lt with taxis. A lt f the time after I called a taxi, I wuld get a call frm the driver, wh wuld cnfirm my lcatin. This meant I had a shrt cnversatin with the driver lng befre they saw me. Then I wuld get in the taxi, say where I wanted t g, and we wuld drive ff in silence. Twenty secnds later, he wuld burst ut “Yu speak such gd Mandarin: I thught yu were Chinese!”
I am rarely seen as a talking huse plant anymre. The mre I wrk n my accent and fluency, the less I am seen as a huse plant. Definitely a gd reasn t keep wrking n my language!
24. What des “Huse Plant Syndrme” refer t?
A. A cultural practice in Chinese husehlds.
B. A disease that huse plants ften suffer frm.
C. Freigners’ preference fr Chinese huse plants.
D. Chinese peple’s reactin t a freigner speaking Chinese.
25. What caused the authr t avid eye cntact with the waitresses?
A. Lack f cnfidence in her Chinese. B. Discmfrt with lking at strangers.
C. Desire t hide her identity. D. Ease f speaking Mandarin when lking away.
26. Hw might the taxi driver feel upn seeing the authr?
A. AstnishedB. EmbarrassedC. CnfusedD. Annyed
27. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The silent cnversatins f a freigner in ChinaB. The jurney t reveal the secrets f language.
C. Tackling cultural challenges in China. D. Chatting with huse plants.
C
Yur scial circle may be the reasn yu are verweight, a study has suggested. Experts have warned that besity can spread thrugh cmmunities like a “scial cntagin (接触传染)”
Researchers studied hundreds f military families—wh can’t chse where they lived—acrss the US. Their results revealed if yu mve t an area with a high rate f besity. it increases yur risk f becming bese, t. Fr every percentage-pint increase in the lcal besity rate, the chances a persn wuld be verweight r bese increased by up t six percent.
The researchers said peple adpt behavirs f thers subcnsciusly. Dr Ashlesha Datar and clleagues recruited families f US Army persnnel at 38 military bases acrss the cuntry. Their rates f besity were reflective f the natinal rates. The study shwed when assigned t bases in cuntries with higher rates f besity, residents were mre likely t becme verweight r bese. Fr every single percentage-pint increase in besity rate f lcal peple, the chances that a teenager wuld be verweight r bese went up by fur t six percent, while the dds that a parent wuld be bese went up by five percent. The lnger the families lived there, the mre likely they were t see the weight pile n.
Dr Datar said, “Scial cntagin in besity means that if mre peple arund yu are bese, then that may increase yur wn chances f becming bese. Subcnsciusly, yu are affected by what peple arund yu are ding. We accunted fr things that researchers in this field typically measure and fund that shared envirnments did nt play a critical rle in explaining ur results.”
C-authr Dr Nancy Nicsia said, “Althugh we culd nt measure scial cntagin directly, ur findings supprt a rle fr scial cntagin in besity.”
Obesity can be caused by many variables, and the assciatin has been challenging fr scientists t explain. One pssibility is that peple with similar interests and backgrunds tend t lcate in similar areas. Anther explanatin may be that peple are all influenced by the shared envirnment, such as pprtunities fr exercising and healthy eating. A third explanatin may be that besity is transmitted thrugh scial influence.
28. Which f the fllwing is false?
A. One is mre likely t becme verweight in areas with a higher rate f besity.
B. Scial envirnment has nthing t d with being bese.
C. The length f time yu stay in an area may affect yur physical cnditin.
D. The researchers have cnfirmed that there might be cnnectin between envirnment and besity.
29. What des the underlined wrd “dds” mean in the third paragraph?
A. Evidence.B. Rate.C. Pssibility.D. Difficulty
30. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A health magazine.B. A plice reprt.
C. An advertisementD. A gvernment infrmatin bklet.
31. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. Peple are easily affected by thers.
B. The chance f being fat increases if yu have a gd friend
C. Humans like t live an imitatin f smebdy else’s life.
D. Shared interests can affect yur health cnditin.
D
The prblem with a catchy name is that smetimes it catches n t well. Take the hygiene hypthesis (卫生说) utlined in 1989 by David Strachan f St Gerge’s, a hspital and medical schl in Lndn. It suggests that the rise f allergenic (致敏的) sensitivity bserved in rich cuntries ver the curse f the 20th century may have been caused by a shift frm rural t urban living, s that children are n lnger rutinely expsed t farm animals.
Dr Strachan’s wrk still has much t recmmend it. What the catchy label has encuraged, hwever, is a false belief that cleanliness is nt necessarily a health benefit. In reality, says Thmas Marrs, an allergist at King’s Cllege, Lndn, hygiene is usually abut bacteria (细菌) causing infectin—and the bacteria that may be beneficial are different frm thse which d that. But it is plain t see why alternative descriptins, such as “the high turnver and diversity hypthesis” r the “the micrbial deprivatin hypthesis (微生物剥夺假说)”, have nt caught n, mre accurate thugh they may be.
In an attempt t cllect further data n the matter, Hisa Okabe f Fukushima Medical University and his team have lked thrugh the Japan Envirnment and Children’s Study, which tracked ver 100,000 births between 2019 and 2022.
Pursuing the animal cnnectin, they lked fr crrelatins between husehld pet wnership befre and immediately after a child’s birth, and any fd allergies fund in that child’s first three years.
Of the 66,000 r s children they chse t lk at, 22% had been brn int husehlds with pets. Children in husehlds with dgs, the researchers fund, had lwer rates than average f allergies t eggs, milk and nuts. Thse chabiting with cats seemed mre tlerant f eggs, wheat and beans. Hwever, children whse parents kept turtles (龟) appeared unaffected. And, curiusly, thse expsed t hamsters (仓鼠) appeared mre likely than average t be allergic t nuts.
Cnfirming r denying this will need mre study. Nevertheless, Dr Okabe’s cntributin is an interesting additin t the debate abut Dr Strachan’s brainchild.
32. What des the hygiene hypthesis suggest?
A. Children in rich cuntries are mre likely t have allergies.
B. Urban living leads t less expsure t allergens.
C. Allergies are linked t bacteria that cause infectin.
D. Farm animals reduce childhd allergies.
33. What is the authr’s attitude t the micrbial deprivatin hypthesis?
A. DubtfulB. FavrableC. CriticalD. indifferent
34. Okabe’s research aimed t find ut the relatinship between ________.
A. pet wnership and uncmfrtable childbirthB. pet wnership and child fd allergies
C. envirnments and animalsD. fd and allergies
35. Which animals help fight allergies?
A. Dgs and catsB. Dgs and turtlesC. Cats and hamstersD. Turtles and hamsters.
第二节 (共5小题: 每题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项, 选项中的两项为多余选项。
What’s the purpse f building patience abilities? In a wrd, happiness, better relatinships and mre success. But indeed it takes effrts t build them successfully. 36 Thus, when the big nes cme, we will have develped the patience we need fr hard times.
Understand the addictive nature f anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still cnstructed with ur ld reptilian (爬行) brain that prtects ur physical and emtinal survival. On the emtinal survival side, we want ur way t get ahead, t achieve, and t “lk gd”. Let’s just face it. 37 S the first step in grwing patience is t get in tuch with the addictive quality f the ppsite f patience—anger, impatience, blaming and shaming. We all have them. And we can grw beynd them.
Upgrade ur attitude twards discmfrt and pain. Pain has its purpses and pushes us t find slutins—we try t change the ther persn, situatin r thing that we think is causing ur discmfrt. But the prblem is that it is nt the utside thing that’s the surce f ur pain, but hw ur mind is set. 38 .
Pay attentin when the impatience r pain starts. Mst f us dn’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 39 But t really care fr urselves, get curius abut what’s actually happening at the mment inside yu. Fcusing n what’s actually happening, yu can ntice the wrry f nt wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
40 When yu find yurself impatient, r angry with yurself, yu can remind yurself that yu are grwing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable, this is what happens t me when I’m bthered.” Yu can say t yurself, “It’s true. I dn’t like this; this is uncmfrtable, but I can tlerate it.”
A. Practice psitive self-talk.
B. S the slutin t pain is an inside jb.
C. Patience abilities benefit yu in many ways.
D. Dn’t frgive yurself fr being impatient in hard times.
E. We ignre the fact that we’re in pain and fcus cmpletely n fixing the prblem.
F. The urge t prtect urselves and what we cnsider valuable is abslutely addictive.
G. Effective ways are recmmended t train urselves t wrk with little pains and annyances.
第三部分: 英语知识运用
第一节 完形填空 (共15 小题: 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had a philsphy prfessr wh was the typically ff-the-wall philspher. His appearance was 41 by a wrn sprt cat and pr-fitting thick glasses which ften 42 n the tip f his nse. Every nw and then, as mst philsphy prfessrs d, his lessns wuld g ff well n ne f thse “what’s the meaning f life” discussins. Many f thse discussins went 43 but there were a few that really 44 hme. This was ne f them:
“Respnd t the fllwing questins by a shw f hands,” my prfessr 45 . “Hw many f yu can tell me smething abut yur parents?” Everyne’s hand went up.
“Hw many f yu can tell me smething abut yur great-grandparents?” Tw ut f sixty students 46 their hands.
“ 47 the rm,” he said. “In just tw shrt generatins 48 any f us even knws wh ur wn great-grandparents were.”
“Oh sure, maybe we have an ld phtgraph 49 in a dusty cigar bx r knw the classic family 50 abut hw ne f them walked five miles t schl bareft. But hw many f us really knw wh they were? 51 three generatins, ur ancestrs are all but frgtten. Will this happen t yu?”
“Here’s a better questin. 52 three generatins. 53 yu sitting in this rm, nw it’s yur great-grandchildren. Or will yu be frgtten, t? Is yur life ging t be a 54 r an example? What legacy will yu leave? The chice is yurs. Class dismissed.” Nbdy 55 frm their seat fr a gd five minutes.
41. A. describedB. highlightedC. fcusedD. minimized
42. A. restedB. rdeC. liftedD. bunced
43. A. anywhereB. everywhereC. nwhereD. smewhere
44. A. hitB. reachC. returnD. assciate
45. A. prmisedB. assumedC. instructedD. assured
46. A. raisedB. wavedC. shkD. cupped
47. A. Tear dwnB. Tidy upC. Lk arundD. Take up
48. A. merelyB. hardlyC. abslutelyD. nearly
49. A. cpiedB. shtC. hiddenD. restricted
50. A. masterpieceB. stryC. histryD. secret
51. A. WithinB. ExceptC. BeyndD. Alng
52. A. Lk aheadB. Lk thrughC. Take verD. Get ver
53. A. Apart frmB. Instead fC. Because fD. Except fr
54. A. signB. clueC. warningD. reward
55. A. slippedB. trembledC. stretchedD. rse
第II卷 (非选择题 满分55分)
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题, 每题1分, 满分10分)
In a refreshing shift frm cnventinal methds, sme pst-90 teachers in China are using memes (表情包), cute cmments, and persnalized feedback in their grading practices, 56 (receive) praise frm parents and students alike. This innvative apprach in educatin is reshaping the way students receive feedback n 57 (they) exams and assignments, making the learning prcess mre engaging and enjyable.
Gne are the days f impersnal and serius 58 (cmment). Teachers are nw using mre cnversatinal language in their evaluatins, addressing students as “yu” r “dear” instead f the frmal “the students”. This change in tne creates a mre persnal and direct cnnectin, fstering a psitive learning envirnment.
The use f memes and hand-drawn images in marking papers 59 (be) nt just abut adding a tuch f fun; it serves as a mtivatinal tl fr students. This trend has caught the attentin f the nline cmmunity, 60 many expressing their wish t have such creative and supprtive teachers
61 adptin f memes and persnalized cmments in grading represents a significant shift in educatinal practices in China. It nt nly aids in reducing the stress and pressure 62 (assciate) with academic perfrmance but als builds a 63 (strng) relatinship between teachers and students. This methd reflects a brader mvement tward mre empathetic and student-centered teaching 64 the fcus is n encuragement and individual grwth rather than slely n grades.
As these innvative practices gain 65 (ppular), they prmise t transfrm the educatinal experience fr students, making learning mre enjyable and less frightening.
第三节 单句语法填空 (共10小题: 每小题0. 5分, 满分5分)
66. Our heartfelt s________ ges ut t the victims f the war.
67. We prvide all types f infrmatin, with an ________ (emphasize) n legal advice.
68. Listening is an active, nt a passive behavir c ________ f hearing, understanding and remembering.
69. Dn’t spil yur a________ by eating between meals.
70. Mst peple have cme t accept the need fr ________ (cnserve) f natural resurces.
71. An i________ (传染的) disease can be passed easily frm ne persn t anther, especially thrugh the air they breathe.
72. ________ (expse) t lead is knwn t damage the brains f yung children.
73. The cmpany’s ________ (cmmit) t prviding quality at a reasnable price has been vital t its success.
74. There were tw lud ________ (explde) and then the building burst int flames.
75. She is ne f the mst ________ (influence) figures in lcal plitics.
第四部分: 写作 (共两节 满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
学校英语俱乐部正在开展以Ways t Relieve Stress为题的讨论。请根据图表中的调查结果写一篇发言稿, 内容包括:
1. 调查结果描述;
2. 简单评论;
3. 你的建议。
注意:
1. 词数80字左右;
2. 短文的题目已给出。
Ways t Relieve Stress
第二节: 读后续写 (满分25 分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Caught in a fld
Mary and her parents were dwnstairs in the living rm. Mary was lking thrugh the windws at the endless rain utside. It had been raining nn-stp fr three days. She had never seen a strm this bad. It was making her nervus. The wind rared and the min beat n the rf and windws. Dad was listening t a weather reprt n the radi, while Mum was putting their imprtant dcuments and disaster supplies int a bag.
“Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we shuld leave here right away!”
“N,” said Dad. “It’s t late: The radi says the city has already been flded.”
“We can drive ur car thrugh the fldwater. Let’s leave! I’m really seared!” cried Mary. “We can’t d that, hney” explained Mum, “therwise the mving water culd wash the car away!”
Mary walked t the dr. She was curius t see hw much water there was utside.
“Dn’t pen the dr!” shuted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may fld in!”
Dad mved the dinner table against the dr, in case the fldwater frced the dr pen. Mum waved t Mary t sit n the sfa. “Mary, dn’t wrry. Everything’s ging t be OK,” she said sftly, trying her best t cmfrt Mary. Her vice was calm, but Mary culd tell she was wrried t.
Withut saying a single wrd, Dad walked t the sfa, sat dwn and hugged his wife and daughter. The sudden silence in the huse seemed t make the wind and rain mre frightening utside. What culd they d?
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
All f a sudden, the fldwater frced the dr pen
Paragraph 2:
Being upstairs, they breathed a sigh f relief.
答案:
听力答案: 1-5ACBCA6-10BBCAC11-15CBACA16-20BABAC
阅读答案: 21-23 BAD24-27 DCAD28-31BCAD 32-35 DBBA 36-40 GFBEA
完型答案: 41-45BACAC46-50 ACBCB51-55 AABCD
语法填空答案: 56. receiving 57. their 58. cmments59. is 60. with 61. The 62. assciated 63. strnger 64. where 65. ppularity
单词填空:
66. sympathy67. cmphasis68. cnsisting/cmpsed 69. appetite70. cnservatin71. infectius 72. Expsure/Being expsed 73. cmmitment 74. explsins 75. influential
小作文参考答案:
Recently a survey was carried ut abut ways t relieve stress. Accrding t the survey, 80%students relieve their stress by listening t music, with 65%, 40%, and 30% by watching vides, ding sprts and chatting respectively.
Frm the findings, it is interesting t knw that mst students will turn t their smart phnes fr relief, which may cause distractin frm study. Fewer students will chse sprts and chatting. which are scializing and mre healthy, Hwever, Senir Three students are under great pressure frm studying, which will determine their future. Schls shuld take actins t prvide mre pprtunities fr students t relax, such as, exercise time, sprts meeting, a relief lecture. Besides, teachers and parents shuld be cmfrting and gd tempered, securing a safe, easy and warm envirnment fr them.
读后续写参考答案:
Paragraph 1:
All f a sudden, the fldwater frced the dr pen. Shcked, frightened and extremely scared, Mary saw the fldwaters puring int the rm, leaving the dinner table upside dwn. She didn’t knw what t d, trembling, and turned t her mum fr help. An idea ccurred t Mum that they had t g upstairs, because they had n chice but t save themselves at that mment and it wuld be f great danger t stay in place befre rescue came t them. Dad als rushed t the secnd flr withut hesitatin, nt frgetting t take the bag cntaining imprtant dcuments and disaster supplies.
Paragraph 2:
Being upstairs, they breathed a sigh f relief. Hwever, the fldwater had flded int the whle living rm dwnstairs. They were all nervus and seared t see the fldwater rise further. Frtunately, what relieved them a little was that they prepared enugh fd and water supplies in advance. The rain was still raining nn-stp. Mary and Mum became increasingly nervus while Dad kept giving them cmfrt and encuragement. Later, they learned frm the radi that the gvernment was rganizing rescue grups t save peple caught in their hme by bat. Thinking they wuld be saved, , they culdn’t be mre excited. Until then, the easiness and warmth welled up in every crner f the rm, seeming t make the fldwater utside less frightening utside. It desn’t matter what yu did when yu were faced with tugh situatin, and what matters mst is that yu made a wise decisin and well prepared. Thse are subject t prtectin:
(1) Bks and newspapers
(3) Dramatic cmpsitins
(5) Maps
(7) Sund recrdings
(9) Prints and labels
(2) Lectures
(4) Films
(6) Wrks f art
(8) Phtgraphs
(10) Musical cmpsitins
Thse are nt subject t prtectin:
(1) Ideas
(3) Gvernment publicatins
(2) Systems, methds and plans
(4) Laws and pinins f curts