北京市房山区2024届高三下学期一模英语试题（Word版附答案）

这是一份北京市房山区2024届高三下学期一模英语试题（Word版附答案），共10页。试卷主要包含了5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

本试卷共12 页，100 分。考试时长90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试 卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30 分）
第一节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Emily Bhatnagar lives in Gaithersburg, Maryland. She has always lved 1 . As a really shy girl, she always turned t bks, which srt f became her best friends when she didn’t have ne. In 2019, when her dad was diagnsed with cancer, it was a difficult time fr her family and bks became an even bigger 2 . She started thinking abut peple in 3 situatins.
When her father recvered, she had verwhelming gratitude t the dctrs fr perfrming such a miracle, but als a hint f sadness abut kids wh were fighting the same battle. At that very mment, she came up with a plan. She wanted t d things fr the 4 .
She started a bk drive called Fr Lve & Buttercup in her hmetwn. The gal was t 5 bks and give them t kids being treated fr cancer in lcal hspitals. At first, Emily had n idea hw much 6 her wrk wuld get. She started by psting n scial media, asking peple in her area t 7 . She was expecting maybe tw r three 8 frm neighbrs, but it ended up blwing up, 9 when news statins began reprting it. Since the start f the bk drive, Emily has cllected mre than 10,000 bks.
Nw Emily cntinues t run the bk drive. She hpes t 10 the prject ne day t reach mre kids. The memry f the first time she visited children wh’d received her bks sticks with her. “It was the best day f my life,” she says. “I realized I wanted t d this type f wrk frever.”
1. A. reading B. psting C. driving D. writing
2. A. friend B. prject C. guide D. cmfrt
3. A. severe B. similar C. simple D. shcking
4. A. hspitals B. schls C. neighburhd D. cmmittee
5. A. purchase B. cllect C. distribute D. exhibit
6. A. attentin B. intentin C. discussin D. rejectin
7. A. spread B. dnate C. prmte D. apprve
8. A. cmments B. likes C. letters D. respnses
9. A. naturally B. autmatically C. especially D. specifically
10. A. expand B. evaluate C. manage D. mnitr
第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Humankind’s grwing need fr fd is running up against thusands f ther species’ need fr space. By 2050, humans may need t clear an additinal 3.35 millin square 11 (kilmeter) f land fr agriculture. 12 (transfrm) these largely natural habitats wuld squeeze mre than 17,000 vertebrate species frm sme f their lands. But changing hw and where fd 13 (grw) can minimize the impacts. “We can feed the planet withut messing it up t badly,” says cnservatin scientist David Williams.
B
Saturday nt nly marked the last day f China’s 2024 Spring Festival hliday, but als clsed ut the eight-day dmestic film perid, 14 ended strngly as the highest-grssing Chinese New Year hliday in the histry f dmestic cinema. Accrding t a reprt, ver 163 millin peple 15 (g) t cinemas, a 26% increase frm the 2023 Spring Festival hliday. And bx-ffice sales reached mre than 8 billin yuan, up 18% 16 (cmpare) t last year’s hliday perid.
C
The dragn, a famus beast brn frm fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hld n peple’s imaginatin ver centuries. In traditinal Chinese culture, a dragn is a symbl f luck, pwer and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall t the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefre, t symblize their pwer, ancient Chinese emperrs decrated their clthes 19 dragn patterns. Many Chinese view the dragn as a natinal symbl, 20 (prud) referring t themselves as “descendants f the dragn”.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Vlunteer in Africa
Dreaming f vlunteering in Africa? Internatinal Vlunteer HQ (IVHQ) will enable yu t be immersed in vibrant cultures, discver unique wildlife and make valuable cntributins t the lcal cmmunities.
Cmmn questins abut vlunteering in Africa
l What vlunteer wrk in Africa des IVHQ ffer?
Whether yu want t vlunteer and teach English in Africa, supprt cnstructin prjects, wildlife vlunteering, r nursing and medical vlunteer abrad prjects, IVHQ has vlunteer wrk in Africa that is suitable fr vlunteers with a range f skills and experience.
l Hw much des it cst t vlunteer in Africa?
Our fully hsted Africa vlunteer prgrams start frm as little as $20/day! This includes yur accmmdatin, meals, airprt pickup, rientatin and cmprehensive supprt services that yu wn’t find elsewhere.
l Is it safe t vlunteer in Africa?
We have a cmprehensive apprach t managing safety and reducing risks acrss all f ur prgrams, which gives vlunteers the knwledge and cnfidence they need t stay safe, secure and healthy. This includes:
ü All lcal teams are trained in vlunteer management, are required t undertake first aid training and ensure that prgrams adhere t IVHQ’s Risk Management Plicy.
ü All IVHQ vlunteers receive pre-departure and 24/7 in-cuntry supprt, are required t have travel insurance and are strngly encuraged t take ur nline pre-departure training which can be accessed fr free.
l Hw t vlunteer in Africa
Applying t vlunteer in Africa is simple! Once yu’ve decided which cuntry yu want t vlunteer in and which Africa prject yu wuld like t jin, yu can apply. It’s free, nly takes a few minutes and there is n cmmitment needed at this stage. Our team f Vlunteer Travel Specialists will then guide yu thrugh the next steps t secure yur spt and start preparing fr yur trip.
21. In Africa, IVHQ vlunteers can _______.
A. manage cnstructin prjects
B. rganize prgram rientatin
C. wrk as language teachers
D. undertake first aid training
22. What des IVHQ prvide t ensure the safety f vlunteers?
A. Vlunteer prjects suitable fr all.
B. An nline pre-departure training.
C. Well-trained lcal cmmunities.
D. Lectures n cultural difference.
23. Which f the fllwing shuld be dne at the applicatin stage? A. Selecting cuntries and prjects.
B. Obtaining passprts and visas.
C. Making sme cmmitments.
D. Arranging accmmdatins.
B
That day when Ludwig van Beethven died was ne f the saddest f my life. I had stayed with him fr mre than twenty years and lived thrugh many f his happiest mments and his triumphs as well as his mst unhappy times.
He wasn’t, hwever, the easiest f men t wrk fr. His mds were changeable s that he culd be reasnable at ne mment but mst impatient and intlerant at the next. All these prblems began in 1802 when he discvered his lss f hearing was nt temprary.
The lss f hearing brught him t a crssrads in his life. It was then that he realized that his future lay in cmpsing music. Luckily, althugh his deafness brught him fear and anxiety, he was able t use these emtins t inspire his wrk.
Dealing with his inner prblems and wrries, his music was bviusly subjective, which was nt the mst ppular type f its time. But peple recgnized his greatness. They did s even when they knew he culd nt acknwledge it. When he was cnducting his ninth and last symphny n its first perfrmance he was ttally deaf. S he just didn’t realize that the music had finished and cntinued t cnduct the rchestra. One f the singers had t turn him rund s he culd receive the cheers f the audience. Frm ne angle it was a sad mment but frm anther it was an even greater triumph. That a man with such a cnditin culd have written such dynamic music was verwhelming! It brught tears t my eyes t think that I had cntributed in sme small way by lking after him.
He dressed rather like a wild man himself. His hair was always untidy, his skin marked with spts and his muth set in a dwnward curve. He tk n care f his appearance and walked arund ur city with his clthes carelessly arranged. This was because he was cncentrating n his next cmpsitin.
Helping him mve huse many times, preparing his meals and lking after his everyday cmfrts were my reward fr a life living s clse t such a musical genius. I cnsider myself a lucky man!
24. The authr was mst likely t be Beethven’s _______.
A. student B. dctr C. servant D. relative
25. What can be learned frm this passage?
A. Beethven’s music was underestimated at that time.
B. Beethven’s wrk was inspired by his fear and anger.
C. Beethven’s music stayed in step with the mainstream music f the time.
D. Beethven lst his ability t hear when first cnducting his ninth symphny.
26. Why did the authr tear in Paragraph 4?
A. Because the perfrmance was a cmplete success.
B. Because he played a part in Beethven’s success.
C. Because Beethven was cmpletely deaf then.
D. Because the audience cheered fr Beethven.
27. Accrding t the authr, Beethven culd be described as _______.
A. intlerant but cheerful
B. stubbrn but reasnable
C. changeable but dedicated
D. unsciable but easy-ging
C
Clinical intuitin is finally getting the respect it may have lng deserved. New research is supprting a prcess that cmbines rapid judgments and perceptins that ccur utside f cnscius awareness—a way f knwing smething withut knwing hw yu knw it. The value f clinical intuitin in medicine is nw being studied and becming particularly relevant as interest grws in develping AI systems that can analyze medical data t diagnse r treat patients.
A study in 2023 fund that clinical intuitin frm physitherapists n the prgnsis fr functinal recvery amng patients was clsely assciated with the recvery afterwards. Anther study cncluded that in cmparisn t relying nly n clinical data, “preperative surgen intuitin alne is an independent predictr f patient utcmes.”
“This is a cgnitive prcess. Clinical intuitin is abut expertise, knwledge, and pattern recgnitin that accumulate thrugh experience. The mind is putting tgether all kinds f infrmatin and sequencing it in ways that say this persn is really sick—r nt,” says Meredith Vanstne, an assciate prfessr in McMaster University. Given the depth f this cgnitive prcess, sme experts are skeptical that AI technlgy can make medical decisins as well as a human physician.
“As physicians g thrugh years f interactins with patients and seeing thusands f cases, thse gut feelings becme a srt f summary statement f all the experiences they’ve seen,” says Mhammad Ghassemi, a researcher at Michigan State University. “Clinicians can bserve different things that are nt always captured r made available by machines.”
Researchers fund that physicians and nurses practicing in a medical specialty invlving a high likelihd f an emergency r dimensins f cmplexity are mre likely t use intuitive decisin-making in their practice. “As surgens, the first thing we need t d is lk at the patient because the structured data may nt be cnsistent with what we see with the patient,” says Gabriel Brat frm Harvard Medical Schl.
Research has fund that clinical intuitin frm nurses and physicians abut the chances that lder patients visiting emergency departments wuld die r have ther adverse utcmes within 30 days was highly accurate.
Nne f knwn experiences suggest that clinical intuitin shuld be blindly acted upn. Making clinical decisins slely n the basis f a physician’s intuitin isn’t the way t g, experts say. But relying slely n medical algrithms (mathematical mdels) that generate predictins abut hw a patient is likely t respnd t different treatments isn’t the best curse f actin either.
T ptimize patient care, sme experts believe a hybrid apprach that integrates clinical intuitin, predictive algrithms, patient preferences, and ther key factrs is essential.
28. Accrding t the passage, clinical intuitin is influenced by _______.
A. rapid judgement
B. medical algrithms
C. cnscius awareness
D. prfessinal knwledge
29. Which f the fllwing wuld Mhammad Ghassemi agree?
A. Clinicians have a sharp eye fr a patient’s cnditin.
B. Machines always generate mre accurate predictins.
C. Dctrs shuld summarize the experiences they’ve seen.
D. Physicians’ interactins with patients have been devalued.
30. Why des the authr mentin the research finding in Paragraph 6?
A. T intrduce the wide use f clinical intuitin.
B. T explain the lgic chain f clinical intuitin.
C. T prve the accuracy f clinical intuitin.
D. T present feedbacks n clinical intuitin.
D
A gd meal has a psitive impact n ne’s md. Thse wh feast n Christmas buffet almst enjy an immediate rise in their bld sugar. That will prmpt a fld f chemicals that act as happy hrmnes t rush thrugh their brains.
But the pleasure ges deeper. Tyrsine and tryptphan are needed fr the prductin, respectively, f dpamine, a neurtransmitter (神经传递素) that cntrls feelings f pleasure and reward, and sertnin, anther such, which helps regulate md. And cranberries are high in vitamin C, which is invlved in cnverting dpamine t nradrenaline, anther neurtransmitter, and a lack f which seems t be assciated with depressin.
With mental-health disrders rising, a grwing number f scientists are investigating hw fd r nutritinal supplements affect the mind. But separating the brain’s nutritinal needs frm thse f the rest f the bdy is difficult. Nt pssible fr nw, at least. And, cmpared with ther fields, nutritinal science is understudied. That is partly because it is hard t d well. Randmised cntrlled trials (rcts), used t test drugs, are tricky. Few peple want t stick t an experimental diet fr years. Instead, mst nutritinal science is based n bservatinal studies that try t establish assciatins between particular fds r nutrients and diseases. They cannt be used t definitively prve a causal ( 因 果 关 系 的 ) cnnectin between a disease and a particular cntributing factr in a diet. But as with smking and lung cancer, put tgether enugh f these kinds f trials and causal narratives begin t emerge.
It is nw clear that sme diets are particularly gd fr the brain. One recent study cncludes that sticking t the “Mediterranean diet”, high in vegetables, fruit, pulses and whlegrains, lw in red and prcessed meats and saturated fats, decreases the chances f experiencing strkes, cgnitive impairment and depressin. Other recent wrk lking at a “green” Mediterranean diet high in plyphenls fund it reduced age-related brain atrphy. Anther versin, the mind diet, emphasises, amng ther things, eating berries ver ther kinds f fruit and seems t lessen the risk f dementia.
Scientists think such diets may wrk by reducing inflammatin in the brain. This, in turn, may affect areas such as the hippcampus, which is assciated with learning, memry and md regulatin—and where new neurns grw in adults. Studies in animals shw that when they are fed a diet rich in mega-3 fatty acids (frm walnuts, fr example), flavnids (cnsumed mainly via tea and wine), antixidants (fund in berries) and resveratrl (fund in red grapes), neurn grwth is stimulated and inflammatry prcesses are reduced. This fits with research suggesting that thse wh regularly eat ultra-prcessed, fried and sugary fds, which increase inflammatin in the brain, heighten their risk f develping depressin.
31. Which f the fllwing wrds can replace “tricky” in Paragraph 3?
A. Rare.
B. Tugh.
C. Traditinal.
D. Cntradictry.
32. Hw d researchers d bservatinal studies in nutritinal science?
A. By keeping at an experimental diet fr years.
B. By carrying ut randmized cntrlled trials.
C. By identifying a particular cntributing factr.
D. By cmparing findings f certain kinds f trials.
33. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. A diet rich in fruit is gd fr cgnitive abilities.
B. Peple fnd f sugary fds may be a risk lver.
C. Red grapes add fuel t inflammatin in the brain.
D. Drinking tea can slve age-related brain prblems.
34. What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A. The links between diets and diseases.
B. The significance f Mediterranean diet.
C. The functin f varius neurtransmitters.
D. The influence f nutrients n mental health.
第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分，共10 分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The beginning f the Year f the Dragn has freshadwed a “Sng f Ice and Fire” with the emergence f Sra, a text-t-vide AI mdel. Vides generated by Sra display strng cnsistency when it cmes t characters and backgrunds, and supprt cntinuus shts f up t 60 secnds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. 35
Hwever, film insiders nted that currently, AI-generated 60-secnd vides cannt supprt the creatin f a full-length mvie, and the idea that AI tls will “bmb” the film and televisin industry is s far unfunded. Meanwhile, experts say nt t wrry excessively, as the integratin f AI will help ptimize certain ccupatins, attract mre innvative talents and bring new pssibilities t the film and televisin industry. 36
Frm the age f film stck t the digital age, frm practical effects t digital effects, frm 2D t 3D, Sra, like any technlgical revlutin in the century-lng histry f film, will imprve prductin efficiency, update prductin and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. 37 Students learning film prductin can view Sra as a helpful assistant t unleash their sci-fi imaginatin.
Facing the panic signals that AI tls will threaten the glbal film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA f film is art and that human creativity cannt be replaced. 38 Many directrs, screenwriters, and actrs achieve great wrks by cntinuusly integrating persnal emtins and life experiences. This kind f individual creativity cannt be imitated by machines like Sra.
39 Hwever, just as the inventin f printing did nt replace literature r the inventin f phtgraphy did nt replace painting, Sra and its subsequent updates and upgrades will nt replace film because the cre f these art frms is creativity, which is a unique aspect f human thught.
A. With OpenAI’s iteratin speed, prducing AI vides dzens f minutes lng is nt far ff.
B. It is als likely t be incrprated int film and televisin educatin and training in the future.
C. Film and televisin are clsely linked t technlgical advancements, which stimulate creativity.
D. Sra will undubtedly prmpt changes in existing industrial prductin and may even replace sme jbs.
E. Sra is undubtedly “mre f an pprtunity than a challenge” fr the glbal film and televisin industry.
F. Creativity and film prductin requires the integratin f emtinal experiences and individual memries.
G. This implies that with just a text descriptin, rdinary peple using Sra may be able t becme “great directrs”.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，满分32 分）
第一节（共4 小题；第40、41 题各2 分，第42 题3 分，第43 题5 分，共12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
As the saying ges, ‘time waits fr n man’. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stp it. Maybe that’s why sme f us are always running late fr appintments. But if timekeeping is nt what yu’re gd at, dn’t stress. There might be a gd reasn fr yur lack f punctuality.
Peple’s attitudes t being n time vary. Sme clck-watch and make sure they’re bang n time fr a meeting. It is, after all, rude t be late, and if yu can make it n time, why can’t everyne else? But if, like me, yu want t make every secnd cunt, yu might try t squeeze as much as yu can int the time yu have available. Hwever, when yur schedule desn’t run t plan, yur punctuality inevitably slips.
Peple wh lack prmptness have been described as ‘time benders’. Authr Grace Pacie tld the BBC that “they’re the peple wh dn’t want t be late, but they have a strange resistance t being early, and they dn’t allw enugh time.” They assume their jurney t an appintment will always g smthly, and the train will always be n time!
Perceptins f unpunctual peple are almst always negative—even if smetimes wrng. Experts say: Being cnsistently late might nt be yur fault. It culd be yur type. The punctually-challenged ften share persnality characteristics, such as ptimism, lw levels f self-cntrl, anxiety, r a penchant fr thrill-seeking. It is als pssible peple are late s nt t be cnspicuus and t avid the anxius wait fr thers t turn up.
Maybe us latecmers shuld make mre f an effrt and fllw the advice I heard t nt ‘try’ t be n time but ‘decide’ t be n time.
40. What des ‘time benders’ refer t? ____________________________________________________________________________
41. What are the persnality characteristics f time benders? ____________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø Accrding t Grace Pacie, time benders dn’t care abut being late s they dn’t allw enugh time.
____________________________________________________________________________
43. What d yu usually d t be n time? (In abut 40 wrds) ____________________________________________________________________________
第二节 作文（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 计划明年来北京上大学学习中文，特发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 推荐他上哪所大学；
3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1. 词数100 词左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Yurs,
Li Hua
（考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效）
房山区2023-2024学年度第二学期模拟检测参考答案
高三年级英语学科
第一部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空:（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
第二节语法填空:（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）
第一节：（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
.第三部分:书面表达（共2小题，满分32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。
参考答案：
① It refers t peple wh lack prmptness. 或 Peple wh lack prmptness have been described as ‘time benders’.
The characteristics such as ptimism, lw levels f self-cntrl, anxiety, r a penchant fr thrill-seeking.
或They ften share persnality characteristics, such as ptimism, lw levels f self-cntrl, anxiety, r a penchant fr thrill-seeking.
42. Accrding t Grace Pacie, time benders dn’t care abut being late s they dn’t allw enugh time.
Accrding t Grace Pacie, time benders dn’t want t be late, but they have a strange resistance t being early, s they dn’t allw enugh time.
例：My methd t be n time is making a clear schedule s that I can prepare in advance. Besides, I am used t allwing enugh time in case smething unexpected happens. Smetimes t get up early, I will set an alarm and check it befre bedtime.
第二节作文（共1小题，满分20分）
Dear Jim,
Yu culdn’t imagine hw happy I am when learning that yu’ll cme t Beijing t attend cllege. Welcme t Beijing!
I strngly recmmend Peking University t yu. It ffers the best curses f Chinese histry and philsphy. Studying with leading experts and utstanding schlmates, yu will get a deeper insight int traditinal Chinese culture.
As fr preparatin, I suggest yu surf the Internet fr sme relevant infrmatin abut this university, such as its histry and develpment, its academic perfrmance and varius departments. Mrever, yu had better learn sme Chinese in rder t cmmunicate with thers better n campus.
Hpe my suggestins will be f sme help. If yu have any questin, just feel free t cntact me. I culdn’t wait t see yu next semester in Beijing!
Yurs,
Li Hua 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
A
D
B
C
B
A
B
D
C
A
11
12
13
14
15
kilmeters/ kilmetres
Transfrming /
T transfrm
is grwn
which
went
16
17
18
19
20
cmpared
has exercised /
has been exercising
t ensure
with
prudly
21
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C
B
A
C
D
B
C
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A
C
31
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A
D
35
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G
E
B
F
D