中考英语定语从句精讲+精练+答案

这是一份中考英语定语从句精讲+精练+答案，共15页。试卷主要包含了关系代词的省略等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1定语从句概述
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,wh,whse,whm和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
2关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替wh,whm和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;wh在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whm在从句中作宾语;whse在从句中作定语。
A dctr is a persn wh lks after a patient.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
(1)当先行词是all,little,much,nne,everything,anything,nthing等代词时。
Is there anything that yu dn’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?
Tm tld his mther all that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。
(2)当先行词前面有the nly,the very,the last等修饰时。
This is the nly bk that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
This is the best bk that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。
(4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the htel that yu like best?哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?
2.关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whm在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。
I’ll never frget the day n which I jined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,wh在从句中作主语时,不能省略。
Wh is the by that is talking with ur teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?
3关系副词的用法
This is the factry where my father wrks.
先行词 地点状语 主语 谓语
句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year when yu graduated frm N.8 Middle Schl.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reasn一词。
We dn’t knw the reasn why he was late fr schl.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the schl where I studied three years ag.那就是我三年前就读的学校。
4定语从句解题技巧
Running Man is a very relaxing TV prgram which is ppular amng the yung peple.
主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV prgram
从句：which is ppular amng the yung peple
先行词：TV prgram
关系代词：which
因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。
在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。
（1）一看指人还是物
先行词指人：that,wh, whse, whm
先行词指物：that, which, whse
（2）二看句中作何用
主语 wh(人), which（物）, that（人/物）
宾语 wh/whm(人), which（物）, that（人/物）
定语 whse（人/物）
状语 where(地点), when（时间）, why（原因）
如：My brther likes the stries ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are ften humrus. 先行词(the stries)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that。
如：He is the by ______ I talked with just nw. 先行词（the by）指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whm/wh/that/不填。
如：What‘s the name f the girl ______ father is a dctr？ 先行词(the girl)指人,关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词whse。
如：I still remember the day ________ ur new schl was built. 从句中不缺成分,先行词（the day）指时间,关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when。
（3）看是否是特殊情况：
关系词只能用that的几种情况
①当先行词是all, little, much, nne, everything, anything, nthing等不定代词时。如：
Tm tld his mther all that had happened. 汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the nly, the very, the last等修饰时。如：
This is the nly bk that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如：
The tallest player that plays ftball fr ur team is frm Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
Let’s talk abut the peple and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。
关系词只能用which的几种情况:
①关系代词放在介词之后。如：
This is the factry in which we nce wrked. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。
②非限制性定语从句中。如：
This is a famus bk, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。
③that， thse作主语时。如：
Thse which are n the desk are English bks. 桌子上的那些是英语书。
用wh而不用that的情况:
①当先行词为peple和thse时，只能用wh。如：
Thse wh want t g there cme here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
②当先行词为ne, nes, anyne, everyne, nne, all(指人)时，只能用wh。如：
Anyne wh is against us is ur enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
③先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用wh。如：
The man wh came here yesterday said he wuld cme again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
练一练：
1. —What shall we d next?
—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Blch.
A. wh B. which C. whse
【答案】B
【解析】先行词advice，指物体，关系代词应用which.
2.. Mr. Smith _______ is smking is lking fr______he lst yesterday.
A. whm; which B. wh; what
C. that; wh D. which; where
【答案】B
【解析】先行词Mr. Smith指人，关系代词应用wh; 在寻找他昨天丢失的物体，从选项来看，关系代词应用what.
3.. Steve Jbs is ne f the persns funded Apple Cmputer Cmpany. His death marked the end f an era (时代).
A. wh B. whm C. which D. /
【答案】A
【解析】从句子结构来看先行词Steve Jbs，指人，且作主语。关系代词应用wh.
4.. ---D yu knw the girl ______ is talking t the headmaster ver there?
---Of curse. She is my sister.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. what
【答案】A
【解析】选A。考查考查定语从句。先行词是the girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词wh。
5. Fshan is a city has a very lng histry.
A whse B. which C. wh
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是Fshan，是地方，引导词用which.
6. The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I’ve ever visited.
A. wh B. when C. that
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是The Palace Museum，指物，且在定语从句中做visited的宾语，因此选C。
7. --- D yu knw the girl_____ is helping the ld wman.
-Oh, that's my sister,
A. whm B. whse C. wh D. where
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是the girl，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词wh。
8. —D yu knw the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith?
—Yes, she’s ur new chemistry teacher, Miss Brwn.
A. wh B. which C. whm
【答案】A
【解析】选A。先行词是the lady，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词wh。
9. I was lking fr the pen _____ I bught yesterday when yu called me.
A. wh B. where C. which D. what
【答案】C
【解析】选C。考查定语从句引导词。前置语为the pen名词，用which代替。what不能作定语从句的引导词。
10. Please pass me the cartn bk ______ has a Mickey Muse n the cver.
A. whm B. whse C. wh D. which
【答案】D
【解析】选D。考查定语从句引导词。前置语为the cartn bk, 名词，用which代替。
11. I like the friends _____ t d the same things as me s that we can cmmunicate better with each ther.
A. wh likes B. what like C. wh like
【答案】 C
【解析】选C。先行词是the friends，指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词wh, 由于friends是复数，谓语动词用原形。
12. There will be a flwer shw in the park____ we visited last week.
A. wh B. when C. what D. which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词the park是“物，在定语从句中充当的是visited的宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.
13. Mst students like the teachers understand them well
A. wh B. when C. what D. which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词the teachers是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词wh或that引导来引导，故选A.
14.. Zhang Lili is cnsidered as the mst beautiful teacher gave her lve t her students in danger.
A. wh B. that C. whm D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词the mst beautiful teacher是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词wh或that引导来引导，同时先行词受到形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that来引导，故选B.
15.. The English-Chinese dictinary my father bught fr me many years ag is still f great value.
A. whse B. when C. wh D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的现行词dictinary是“物”，在定语从句中充当的是宾语，因此用关系代词which或that引导来引导，故选D.
16. “What d yu think f the schl unifrms?” “Very gd. I like clthes ______ make me feel cmfrtable.”
A. that B. what C. wh
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词clthes是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导。根据句意：你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好，我喜欢让我穿着舒服的衣服。故选A.
17. —What are yu lking fr?
—I'm lking fr the ring ______my husband bught me last year.
A. that B. wh C. whm D. it
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the ring”表示“物”，故定语从句的引导词用that或which，故选A。
18.. Rbert is just ne yung verseas Chinese ________ has cme t visit his ancestr's hmeland.
A. wh B. where C. when D. which
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句修饰的先行词“ne yung verseas Chinese”表示的是“一个年轻的海外华人”， 所以定语从句的引导词用that或wh，故选A.
19. — What are yu lking fr?
— I'm lking fr the pen________ my father gave me last week.
A. wh B. which C. whse D. whm
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the pen”表示“物”，故引导词用that或which，故选B。
20.—What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I like the mve ______ are abut Chinese histry.
A. wh B. whm C. whse D which
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是“the mve”表示“物”，故引导词用that或which，故选D。
21. Peple ften like clthes ______ can make them lk yung.
A. when B. wh C. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的先行词clthes是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选C。
22. I can never frget the stries________ my grandma tld me.
A. what B. wh C. them D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the stries是“物”，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D。
23. The little by was wrapping the present _____ wuld be sent t his teacher.
A. wh B. / C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the present是“物”，在定语
从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D。
24. —There are s many girls ver there. Which ne is yur sister?
—The ne ______hat is yellw.
A. wh B. whse C. that D. which
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是the ne/girl，在定语从句中充当hat的定语，所以，定语从句的引导词用whse引导，故选B.
25. This is the primary schl ______ I studied three years ag.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the primary schl, 在定语从句中充当的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导, 故选A.
26. It’s interesting that there are many peple speak French in Canada.
A. which B. where C. wh
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词many peple是“人”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用wh或that引导，故选C.
27.. Please pass me the cartn bk _________ has a Mickey Muse n the cver.
A. whm B. whse C. wh D. which
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the cartn bk是“物”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D.
28. —I want t find a partner t practice rller skating.
—My friend Fred is a persn may help yu a lt.
A. which B. s C. wh D. and
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词a persn是“人”，在定语从句中充当主语，所以，定语从句的引导词用wh或that引导，故选C.
29.. —Nw many peple smke and get ill.
—S we shuld d smething ______ can help stp smking.
A. what B. wh C. / D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词smething是不定代词，只能用关系代词that引导，故选D
30.I still remember the time _____we spent tgether at Xisai Muntain last year.
A. when B. what C. wh D. which
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词the time是“物”，在定语从句中充当宾语，所以，定语从句的引导词用which或that引导，故选D.
31. One f the mst delicius drinks _____ I like is range juice.
A. which B. that C. whse D. whm
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词是drinks，受到形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that引导，故选B.
32. Success will belng t thse ________never say "impssible".
A. whm B. what C. wh D. which
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词thse表示的是“人”，在定语从句中充当的是主语，所以用引导词wh引导，故选C.
33. —D yu enjy My heart will g n?
—N, I prefer sngs lud.
A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词sngs表示的是“物”，所以用引导词which或that引导，同时表示的是名词复数，系动词应用are, 故选C.
关系词
作用
先行词
例句
that,wh,
whm(只作
宾语)
主语、宾
语、表语
人
D yu knw the ld man wh/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那个老人吗?
that,which
主语、宾
语、表语
物
She gt a cmputer which/that her parents bught fr her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。
whse
定语
人/物
The by whse father is a dctr studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。
The rm whse windw is pen is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when
状语
时间
I still remember the day when yu left fr Beijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。
where
状语
地点
This is the schl where my mther wrks.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。
why
状语
原因
Culd yu explain the reasn why yu were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?