湖南省十八校2024届高三下学期第一次联考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份湖南省十八校2024届高三下学期第一次联考英语试卷(含答案)，共19页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Lnely Planet’s Tp Places t G in 2024
Are yu lking fr inspiratin fr yur next travel destinatin? Lnely Planet has published its yearly list f tp places t g. Whether yu’re lking fr adventure, culture, r value, there’s smething fr every type f traveler. Let’s explre the. tp picks fr travel destinatins in 2024.
Tp City: Nairbi
Nairbi, the Kenyan capital, was chsen fr its unique music and dance culture, and impressive lcal restaurants. Nairbi Natinal Park, just a shrt drive ut f the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitrs can see ver-400 species wandering the pen grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle n the hrizn.
Tp Cuntry: Mnglia
Mnglia is lved fr its wide-pen spaces, adventure activities, and unique fd. The Mnglian gvernment has annunced 2023 thrugh. 2025: as: the “Years t Visit Mnglia“, easing entry cnditins fr internatinal travelers and imprving public facilities, including a new $ 650 millin airprt.
Tp Sustainable Travel Destinatin: Spain
The publisher als recmmended Spain fr the cuntry’s effrts t expand renewable energy, t develp ff-seasn travel, and t bring turism t new destinatins, such as the prt city f Valencia, easing pressures n ht spts such as Barcelna.
Tp Best-Value Lcatin: The American Midwest
The American Midwest, including the cities f Chicag and Detrit, is als n the list, as it ffers a high-quality travel experience at a reasnable cst. Visitrs can enjy excellent services and facilities. such as ld warehuses transfrmed int art studis, new ec-design htels, and Michelin-starred restaurants, withut having t spend t much mney.
Tp Beach Destinatin: Dnegal
Dnegal Ireland’s mst nrthwestern cunty, has the cuntry’s lngest castline and ver 100 beaches, where visitrs can enjy the highest sea cliffs in Eurpe and miles f beautiful castal hiking trails.
1．What can peple d in Nairbi Natinal Park?
A. Enjy adventure activities.B. Taste lcal delicius cuisine.
C. See varius wild animals.D. Appreciate musical perfrmances.
2．Why is The American Midwest cnsidered t be the Best-Value Lcatin?
A. It has simplified entry prcedures.B. It ffers cst-effective experiences.
C. It cmbines art with natural scenery.D. It prvides gd transprtatin services.
3．What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T entertain.B. T analyse.C. T infrm.D. T reprt.
On December 16, 2023, the first sectin f Maya Train fficially pened, which runs between Campeche and Cancún, carrying up t 231 passengers acrss 290 miles and stpping at 14 train statins.
Built as an ambitius effrt t prmte turism and bst Mexic’s ecnmy, the rail system cnnects the majr cities and turist regins f the Yucatán Peninsula-frm Cancún’s beaches t Tulum’s archaelgical (考古的) wnders. Once the prject is cmpleted, the entire rail system will link turist destinatins acrss five states. Hwever, envirnmentalists and archaelgists argue that the train rute will cause great damage t the envirnment and ancient Mayan sites.
The Maya Train passes thrugh six UNESCO Wrld Heritage sites, and thusands f archaelgical sites. One particular area f cncern is the Calakmul bisphere reserve, which is hme t many endangered species, such as jaguars and ver 500 ther animal species. The train lines, mre than 60 meters wide, culd act as artificial barriers that may limit the mvement f these animals within the reserve, making it difficult fr them t mve arund and access fd and water surces.
Oppnents als express safety cncerns. Certain sectins f the rail system will be built right n tp f the aquifer’s (地下水层的) mst fragile pints f cntact with the surface. “It’s like wanting t build ver eggshells, says Guillerm Christy, a water treatment cnsultant.” Putting trains weighing thusands f tns n tp culd cause the undergrund caves t crash dwn. T cnstruct the train infrastructure (基础设施) als requires driving lng piles deep int the grund, which pses a big threat t this fragile ecsystem and leads t water shrtages.
In the nging debate f Maya Train, it is crucial t cnsider the delicate balance between ecnmic develpment and envirnmental preservatin. While Maya Train may prvide ecnmic benefits, we must nt verlk the ptential envirnmental and cultural lsses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmny between prgress and cnservatin may be a significant challenge fr the prject, but we must take int accunt the lng-term cnsequences f ur actins.
4．What d we knw abut the Maya Train prject?
A. It cnsumes lts f labr in Mexic.
B. It was cmpleted n December 16, 2023.
C. It has cncerned sme prfessinals.
D. It blcks the develpment f lcal turism.
5．What is the effect f the train lines n the animals in the reserve?
A. They disturb their sleeping patterns.B. They restrict their activities.
C. They pllute their water surces.D. They engage their enemies t the area.
6．Why des the authr mentin “eggshells” in paragraph 4?
A. T shw the difficulty f cnstructing the rail lines.
B. T prve the urgency f prtecting the fragile ecsystem.
C. T explain the reasns fr water shrtages alng the railway.
D. T stress the ptential harm f Maya Train t the aquifer system.
7．Which statement wuld the authr prbably agree with?
A. Preserving cultural sites requires strng financial supprt.
B. It is time t speed up the cnstructin prcess f Maya Train.
C. Ecnmic develpment shuld nt cme at the expense f the envirnment.
D. We shuld prize the ecnmic benefits f the prject in the lng run.
Gelgists have lng been fascinated by a missing piece f Earth’s histry — a lst cntinent called Argland. Arund 155 millin years ag, the 5,000-kilmeter cntinent brke ff frm Western Australia and began drifting(漂移), leaving behind a basin deep belw the cean knwn as the Arg Abyssal Plain. But where did Argland actually g?
The seabed structure suggests that the cntinent drifted nrthwestward and ended up Sutheast Asia. But surprisingly, there is n large cntinent hidden beneath thse islands, nly small cntinental fragments(碎片) surrunded by ancient ceanic basins. Using this thery, gelgists at Utrecht University discvered that Argland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented cllectin” under the islands t the east f Indnesia.
Unlike ther cntinents like Africa and Suth America, which brke neatly int tw pieces, Argland split int many smaller fragments that were dispersed, which made it difficult fr scientists t lcate and study the cntinent’s gelgical features. Hwever, with advanced technlgy and the discvery, scientists can nw piece them tgether.
Tracing the cntinents is vital fr understanding prcesses like the evlutin f bidiversity. It culd help explain smething knwn as the mysterius Wallace line, which is an imaginary bundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Sutheast Asian islands. The bundary has puzzled scientists because f hw clearly it separates the island’s wildlife. T the west f the line are placental mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almst cmpletely absent t the east, where yu can find marsupials and cckats — animals typically assciated with Australia. Researchers have therized that this may be because Argland carried its wn wildlife away frm Australia befre it crashed int Sutheast Asia, which helps explain why different species are fund in different natins.
The stry f Argland is nt ne f cmplete disappearance but f transfrmatin. As the wrld cntinues t evlve, this lst cntinent serves as a pwerful symbl f the fragility f life n this planet, and a reminder f the imprtance f respecting and prtecting the wrld that we live in.
8．What d we knw abut Argland?
A. It split int tw pieces many years ag.
B. It brke away frm the cntinent f Africa.
C. It sank t the bttm f the Arg Abyssal Plain.
D. It exists as fragments under the eastern islands f Indnesia.
9．What des the underlined wrd “dispersed” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Crashed.B. Cnnected.C. Distributed.D. Disappeared.
10．Why des the authr mentin the “Wallace line” in paragraph 4?
A. T intrduce the early histry f Argland.
B. T stress the significance f tracing Argland.
C. T prve the bidiversity f Sutheast Asian islands.
D. T explain the evlutinary prcess f Australian species.
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. The Discvery f a Lst CntinentB. The Bundaries f Wildlife Habitats
C. The Gelgical Features f ArglandD. The Frmatin f the Arg Abyssal Plain
A lt f manufactured glass tday made frm sand and sdium carbnate（碳酸钠） can be reused r melted dwn and recycled int new items, but it desn't break dwn in the envirnment and will sit in landfills fr thusands f years. A team f Chinese scientists aimed t deal with this envirnmental cncern by develping an ec-cnscius alternative.
In a study published recently in the jurnal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy f Sciences' Institute f Prcess Engineering describe hw they engineered bidegradable glass made frm amin acids （氨基酸）. That glass wuld have a smaller impact n the envirnment and can break dwn in a few weeks r in several mnths.
In a test, glass beads （珠） made ut f amin acids were placed under the skin f mice, and the breakdwn f the beads and the skin healing prcess were bserved fr 30 days. A diagram frm the study shws hw the mice's bdies brke dwn the beads. In that mnth, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wund site healed, and fur grew back. "Thrughut the experimental perid, n mice exhibited any pain-related behavir that may have been caused by the glass implantatin, and nne f them experienced bvius weight lss, " the researchers wrte in their paper.
Althugh amin acids d degrade ver time in the envirnment, this bidegradable glass is nt as durable as traditinal glass, because amin acids can break dwn quickly in heat. In rder t vercme this hurdle, the researchers chemically mdified the amin acids using the heating-cling prcedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials fr the glass are heated t becme sft and then rapidly cled s as t make the glass tugher.
"It's imprtant t pint ut that this bidegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far frm large-scale cmmercializatin, " emphasized Yan Xuehai, a prfessr invlved in the study, in a press release.
12．What is an advantage f the new glass?
A. It can be recycled at a lw cst.B. It is prduced withut pllutin.
C. It takes less time t. break dwn. D. It has a wide range f applicatins.
13．Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice?
A. T assess whether the glass is bilgically harmless.
B. T investigate why amin acids are medically useful.
C. T explre hw lng it takes fr the glass t degrade.
D. T bserve if the glass can be melt dwn in mice’s stmach.
14．What des the underlined wrd "hurdle" in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The instability f amin acids.
B. The difficulty f selecting materials fr the glass.
C. Envirnmental prblems caused by traditinal glass.
D. The challenge f imprving the heating-cling prcedure.
15．What is the attitude f Yan Xuehai twards the new glass's launch n the market?
A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Indifferent. D. Uncertain.
二、七选五
16．If yu have ever lked clsely at the tires n yur car, yu have prbably seen little hairs sticking ut f the black rubber. ① _________ Are they there fr any safety reasns? Thse little bits are ne f the strange car features sme peple may stp t think abut.
Lcated n the vertical part f the tire, these curius little rubber hairs are knwn as “vent spews（轮胎毛刺）". They are crucial in the tire-making prcess. As the tread pattern mld（胎面花纹模具） is pressed int the tire's rubber, the extra rubber requires a way t escape the mld. ② _________
Curiusly, there's n set number f hairs each tire will. have. ③ _________ But the presence f tire hairs is universal. They are nthing mre than remnants （残余部分） f the cmplex prcess that makes strng and durable tires.
④ _________ Because they are fund n the part f the tire rubber that desn't hit the rad, and they have n impact n hw well yur tire grips（抓牢） the pavement in rainy weather. These rubber hairs als dn't have any impact n rad nise r why yur tires squeak when yu're driving. They are merely evidence f the new tire's arrival in the wrld.
Tire hairs are naturally wrn away during nrmal driving, and the presence r absence f these hairs desn't determine if a tire is safe. There is ne instance, hwever, where the lack f tire hairs can matter. ⑤ _________ As a respnsible car wner, yu shuld mnitr the health f yur tires regularly.
A. Why d tires have hairs?
B. Tire hairs dn't have any effect n safe driving.
C. Are there any ther interesting facts abut cars?
D. They lk funny, yet every new car tire has them.
E. It culd be a sign that tires are wrn, ld and need t be replaced. :
F. The exact number varies based n the design and size f the tires.
G. Because tiny-size escape vents are created thrughut each mld, little tire hairs are brn.
三、完形填空（15空）
One sunny afternn, Jack and I rde hard twards his huse. The sun shne 1 n Jack's black bicycle. Yu wuld never see his bike with 2 n it. As I bent ver, I tk a glimpse f Jack's shining schl 3 . Jack was always neat and tidy, but his clthes were ld and 4 . I ften 5 if he wned anything else.
We turned int a street lined with small, ld railway huses. Jack pened a gate and we went thrugh it. I gt ff my bike and 6 it against the garage wall. It was a small, whitewashed huse. The tiny area f lawn was neatly 7 .
We went in by the back dr. The kitchen had a cupbard, a small dining table with three chairs and an ancient cker. Everything was 8 clean.
In Jack's rm, it had a bed, a ne-dr clset, and a table. Several bks were 9 against the wall n ne crner f the table, and n the ther crner 10 a mdel steam engine. Jack demnstrated t me hw the engine 11 . I lked at Jack's face and a brad smile spread ver it.
Feeling ashamed, I reflected that I grew up in a 12 wealthy hme. My clset was 13 with new and fashinable clthes. I had a state-f-the-art ten-speed racing bike. 14 , I ften did nt appreciate what I had. I tk it all fr granted. By cntrast, Jack had almst nthing, but he was happy and 15 . Thank yu, Jack, fr unknwingly teaching me the value f being satisfied with what I've gt.
17．A. brieflyB. regularlyC. slwlyD. brightly
18．A. dirtB. decratinsC. passengersD. damage
19．A. catB. tieC. shesD. hat
20．A. generusB. cleanC. wrnD. ugly
21．A. meantB. wnderedC. arguedD. knew
22．A. prtectedB. acceptedC. restedD. cvered
23．A. drawnB. crssedC. wavedD. shaped
24．A. nearlyB. sptlesslyC. naturallyD. severely
25．A. spreadB. stredC. placedD. hidden
26．A. liedB. stdC. setD. put
27．A. rseB. admittedC. flamedD. wrked
28．A. relativelyB. humblyC. traditinallyD. respectively
29．A. stuffedB. engagedC. equippedD. surrunded
30．A. TherefreB. NeverthelessC. OtherwiseD. Subsequently
31．A. energeticB. mdestC. curiusD. cntent
四、短文填空
32．It's a race against time, as generatins f cultural heritage cnservatrs at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effrt t prtect the artistic charm f the Mga Caves, ① _________ UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site.
The team② _________（devte） t prtecting the 45, 000 square meters f murals（壁画） and mre than 2, 400 painted sculptures f the 735 caves f the site, the cnstructin f③ _________ takes abut a thusand years, frm the 4th century t the 14th century. The cultural relics are the prduct f the cultural exchanges that tk place ver④ _________ （century）n the ancient Silk Rad.
Cmmnly⑤ _________ （see）"diseases" affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as ersin that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity f the caves, and the depsitin f salts. T restre a mural requires an all-runder. Restrers shuld knw painting, master the skills f a masn（石匠） and have sme knwledge f chemistry and physics, ⑥ _________ （be）able t recgnize the prblems and their⑦ _________ （crrespnd） causes and deliver a slutin. They must als select prper materials and tls, and cnduct experiments, ⑧ _________ frmally carrying ut the restratin and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restratin shuld respect the riginal wrk and aim t maintain the status qu f the murals rather than repainting them. When the restrers find sme parts f murals missing⑨ _________ fading away, they never repaint them t create a “perfect” ⑩ _________ （appear） in restratin.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Lucy的生日即将到来，你特意给她寄了一些具有中国特色的礼物。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你的祝福；
2. 简要介绍你的礼物；
3. 表达期望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3, 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucy,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As the sun dipped belw the hrizn, casting a warm glw ver the animal shelter, Sarah walked thrugh the rws f cages until her eyes landed n a small, trembling dg huddled (蜷缩) in the crner. “I think I’ve fund the ne, ” Sarah whispered sftly t herself as she lked int the dg’s sad eyes. This timid, abandned dg had n idea that a jurney f transfrmatin with friendly peple lay in stre fr him.
The shelter staff explained that the dg, named Buddy, had a difficult past and was very shy and scared. Sarah extended a hand, ffering a sthing tne, “Hey sweetie, yu must have a stry t tell, but frm nw n, yu’ve gt a buddy in me. ”
Bringing Buddy hme was just the beginning f their jurney, which was rcky at first fr him. Everything was strange and new, causing him t hide under furniture and startle at every sund. Therefre, Sarah prvided a czy bed, delicius meals, and mst imprtantly, heaps f lve and cmfrt.
Slwly but surely, he started t emerge frm his shell, wagging his tail tentatively and gazing at Sarah with a glimmer f hpe in his eyes. Under Sarah’s patient and lving guidance, Buddy flurished, even learning tricks and cmmands, and frming a deep bnd with his new wner.
The jurney f healing turned ut t be a success. But Sarah had never expected it wuld bring abut anther ne.
One day, while scrlling thrugh scial media, Sarah came acrss a heartwarming stry abut dgs being trained t assist children with autism (自闭症). Thse children had scial cmmunicatin difficulties and had few facial expressins and gestures. Withut hesitatin, she inquired abut the prgram and sn, Buddy was enrlled in training t becme a certified therapy(治疗) dg. But she was unsure whether Buddy wuld be cmfrtable with the new challenge.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Their first day at the therapy center was filled with uncertainty.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As the weeks prgressed, Sarah nticed a remarkable change bth in the children and Buddy.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Tp City: Nairbi部分中“Nairbi Natinal Park, just a shrt drive ut f the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitrs can see ver-400 species wandering the pen grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle n the hrizn.(内罗毕国家公园，离城市的中央商务区只有很短的车程，是一个不容错过的地方，在那里游客可以看到400多种野生动物在开阔的草原上游荡，摩天大楼在地平线上闪闪发光)”可知，在内罗毕国家公园，人们可以看到各种不同种类的野生动物。故选C项。
2．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Tp Best-Value Lcatin: The American Midwest部分中“The American Midwest, including the cities f Chicag and Detrit, is als n the list, as it ffers a high-quality travel experience at a reasnable cst.(包括芝加哥和底特律在内的美国中西部城市也榜上有名，因为它以合理的成本提供了高质量的旅行体验)”可知，美国中西部被认为是最有价值的地方是因为它提供了高性价比的旅行体验。故选B项。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Are yu lking fr inspiratin fr yur next travel destinatin? Lnely Planet has published its yearly list f tp places t g. Whether yu’re lking fr adventure, culture, r value, there’s smething fr every type f traveler. Let’s explre the. tp picks fr travel destinatins in 2024.(你在为下一个旅游目的地寻找灵感吗？《孤独星球》日前公布了年度最佳旅游目的地榜单。无论你是在寻找冒险、文化还是价值，都有适合每种类型的旅行者的东西。让我们来探索一下。2024年旅游目的地的最佳选择)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍了四个2024年最佳旅游目的地，也就是告知读者。故选C项。
4．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“On December 16, 2023, the first sectin f Maya Train fficially pened,(2023年12月16日，玛雅火车第一段正式开通)”可知，玛雅火车只有第一部分正式对公众开放，所以B项是错的，根据文章第二段“Once the prject is cmpleted, the entire rail system will link turist destinatins acrss five states.(一旦项目完成，整个铁路系统将连接五个州的旅游目的地)”可知，一旦项目完成将会促进旅游业的发展，所以D项不对；A项没有提及；根据文章第二段最后“Hwever, envirnmentalists and archaelgists argue that the train rute will cause great damage t the envirnment and ancient Mayan sites.(然而，环保主义者和考古学家认为，这条铁路线将对环境和古玛雅遗址造成巨大破坏)”可知，玛雅火车项目也引起了一些专业人士的关注，所以C项正确。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The train lines, mre than 60 meters wide, culd act as artificial barriers that may limit the mvement f these animals within the reserve, making it difficult fr them t mve arund and access fd and water surces.(这些超过60米宽的火车线可能会作为人工屏障，限制这些动物在保护区内的活动，使它们难以四处走动，难以获得食物和水源)”可知，这些火车线会限制动物在保护区内的活动。故选B项。
6．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。第四段第一句“Oppnents als express safety cncerns.(反对者也表达了对安全的担忧)”为主旨句，所以第四段主要讲的是专家们对于安全方面的担忧，后文的“Certain sectins f the rail system will be built right n tp f the aquifer’s (地下水层的) mst fragile pints f cntact with the surface.(铁路系统的某些部分将建在含水层与地表接触的最脆弱点的顶部)”以及“Putting trains weighing thusands f tns n tp culd cause the undergrund caves t crash dwn. T cnstruct the train infrastructure (基础设施) als requires driving lng piles deep int the grund, which pses a big threat t this fragile ecsystem and leads t water shrtages.(把数千吨重的火车放在上面可能会导致地下洞穴坍塌。建设铁路基础设施还需要将长桩深入地下，这对脆弱的生态系统构成了巨大威胁，并导致水资源短缺)”作为两个supprting evidence来支撑主旨句。由此推知，作者提到eggshells(蛋壳)是为了强调玛雅列车项目对含水层系统的潜在危害。故选D项。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While Maya Train may prvide ecnmic benefits, we must nt verlk the ptential envirnmental and cultural lsses, as well as the safety risks it may bring. Achieving harmny between prgress and cnservatin may be a significant challenge fr the prject, but we must take int accunt the lng-term cnsequences f ur actins.(虽然玛雅火车可能提供经济效益，但我们不能忽视潜在的环境和文化损失，以及它可能带来的安全风险。实现进步和保护之间的和谐可能是该项目面临的重大挑战，但我们必须考虑到我们行动的长期后果)”可知，在作者看来虽然玛雅火车项目会带来一定的经济效益，但是我们决不能忽视潜在的环境和文化方面的损失，以及它有可能带来的安全方面的风险。由此推知，我们得认真考虑我们的行为所带来的长期后果，即经济的发展不应该以牺牲环境为代价。故选C项。
8．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Using this thery, gelgists at Utrecht University discvered that Argland hadn’t really disappeared but survived as a “very extended and fragmented cllectin” under the islands t the east f Indnesia.(利用这一理论，乌特勒支大学的地质学家发现，阿尔戈大陆并没有真正消失，而是作为一个“非常广泛并分散的集合体”存在于印度尼西亚东部的岛屿下方)”可知，阿尔戈大陆是以碎片的形式存在于印度尼西亚东部岛屿之下。故选D项。
9．答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Unlike ther cntinents like Africa and Suth America, which brke neatly int tw pieces, Argland split int many smaller fragments”可知，阿尔戈大陆不像非洲和南美洲那样是整齐地分裂成两部分，阿尔戈兰大陆分裂成许多较小的碎片，再结合画线词下文“which made it difficult fr scientists t lcate and study the cntinent’s gelgical features”可知，这使得科学家很难确定它的位置并研究它的地质特征。然而，利用先进的技术和这项新发现，科学家们现在能够将它们拼凑起来。故画线词所在句应表示阿尔戈大陆分裂成许多“分散的”小碎片。“Distributed”意为“分散的”，符合语境，故选C项。
10．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Tracing the cntinents is vital fr understanding prcesses like the evlutin f bidiversity. It culd help explain smething knwn as the mysterius Wallace line, which is an imaginary bundary that separates mammals, birds, and even early human species in Sutheast Asian islands. The bundary has puzzled scientists because f hw clearly it separates the island’s wildlife. T the west f the line are placental mammals like apes and elephants. But these are almst cmpletely absent t the east, where yu can find marsupials and cckats — animals typically assciated with Australia. Researchers have therized that this may be because Argland carried its wn wildlife away frm Australia befre it crashed int Sutheast Asia, which helps explain why different species are fund in different natins.(追溯大陆的变迁对于我们理解生物多样性的发展过程至关重要。这有助于解释神秘的华莱士线，它是一条虚构的边界，将东南亚岛屿上的哺乳动物、鸟类甚至早期人类物种分隔开来。这条边界之所以令科学家困惑，是因为它清晰地划分了岛屿上的野生动物。在这条线的西侧是类似猿和大象的胎盘哺乳动物，但这些动物在该线的东侧几乎完全不存在，取而代之的是有袋类动物和凤头鹦鹉等通常与澳大利亚相关联的动物。研究人员推测，这可能是因为阿尔戈大陆带着自己的野生动物从澳大利亚漂移至东南亚，这有助于解释为什么不同的物种分布在不同的国家)”可推知，第四段提及“华莱士线”旨在强调追溯阿尔戈大陆的意义。故选B项。
11．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Gelgists have lng been fascinated by a missing piece f Earth’s histry — a lst cntinent called Argland. Arund 155 millin years ag, the 5,000-kilmeter cntinent brke ff frm Western Australia and began drifting(漂移), leaving behind a basin deep belw the cean knwn as the Arg Abyssal Plain. But where did Argland actually g?(长期以来，地质学家一直对地球历史上缺失的一段历史着迷——一块名为阿尔戈兰的失落大陆。大约1.55亿年前，这块5000公里长的大陆从西澳大利亚分离出来，开始漂流，在海洋深处留下了一个盆地，被称为阿尔戈深海平原。但阿尔戈兰到底去了哪里？)”结合本篇文章主要围绕科学家发现了1.55亿年前“消失的”阿尔戈大陆而展开。文章解释了阿尔戈大陆早年从澳大利亚大陆分离，往西北方向漂移，最终在印度尼西亚岛屿的东部以广泛分散的碎片形式被发现。这一发现对于科学家们研究生物多样性以及东南亚岛屿上神秘的华莱士线都有着重要的意义。结合选项，A项“失落大陆的发现”能够概括文章主旨，故选A项。
12．答案：C
解析：由第二段中的“That glass wuld have a smaller impact n the envirnment and can break dwn in a few weeks r in several mnths.”可知，新型玻璃在几周或几个月的时间里就可以分解。
13．答案：A
解析：由第三段中的“Thrughut the experimental perid,n mice exhibited any pain-related behavir that may have been caused by the glass implantatin,and nne f them experienced bvius weight lss”可知，研究者给老 鼠植入玻璃珠的目的是评估玻璃珠是否对生物无害。
14．答案：A
解析：由第四段中的“this bidegradable glass is nt as durable as traditinal glass,because amin acids can break dwn quickly in heat”可知，可生物降解的玻璃在受热情况下容易分解，也就是不稳定性是研究者要克服的障碍。
15．答案：D
解析：从第五段中的“It's imprtant t pint ut that this bidegradable glass is currently in the lab stage,and far frm large-scale cmmercializatin”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以 Yan Xuehai 态度是不确定的。
16．答案：①-⑤AGFBE
解析：①此空设于段中，与下文存在并列关系。根据下文“Are they there fr any safety reasns?”可知，本句和下句一 起提出有些人的疑问：为什么轮胎上有小毛刺？轮胎上有小毛刺是由于安全原因吗？
②此空设于段尾，是对上文的解释。为了让多余的橡胶渗出模具，每个模具都有微小的排气口，所以小毛刺就形 成了。
③此空设于段中，与前一句存在递进关系。根据上文“there's n set number f hairs each tire will have”可知，轮 胎上小毛刺数量取决于轮胎的设计和大小。
④此空设于段首，是本段的总起句。根据下文“Because they are fund n the part f the tire rubber that desn't hit the rad,and they have n impact n hw well yur tire grips(抓牢)the pavement in rainy weather.”可知，本 句作为本段的总起句，介绍了轮胎上小毛刺对于安全行驶并没有任何作用。
⑤此空设于段中。上文提到轮胎上小毛刺的存在与否并不能决定轮胎是否安全。然而，在一种情况下，轮胎毛刺 的缺乏可能很重要：这可能是轮胎磨损、陈旧并且需要更换的迹象。
17．答案：D
解析：由上文“One sunny afternn”可知，阳光“明亮地”照在Jack 的黑色自行车上。
18．答案：A
解析：阳光照在Jack 的黑色自行车上，竟然看不到一点“尘土”。
19．答案：C
解析：由上文“As I bent ver,I tk a glimpse f…”可知，“我”弯下腰，瞥见了Jack 的鞋子。
20．答案：C
解析：上文提到“Jack was always neat and tidy,but his clthes were ld and…”,根据这个转折可知， Jack 的衣服很 干净整洁，却总是很破旧。
21．答案：B
解析：根据上文，“我”“猜想”他是否还拥有其他东西？
22．答案：C
解析：由语境可知，作者到Jack 家后，把自行车“倚靠”在墙边。
23．答案：D
解析：由本句可知，Jack 家的草坪“修剪得”干净整齐。
24．答案：B
解析：由语境可知，Jack 家的厨房“一尘不染”。
25．答案：C
解析：一些书“放置”在桌子的一个角上。
26．答案：B
解析：由上文“Several bks were 49 against the wall n ne crner f the table"可知，Jack 的桌子上“立着”一个蒸汽机模型。
27．答案：D
解析：由上文可知，Jack 向作者展示模型是如何“工作”的。
28．答案：A
解析：由下文“My clset was 53 with new and fashinable clthes.I had a state-f-the-art ten-speed racing bike.” 可知，作者生长在一个“相对”富裕的家庭。
29．答案：A
解析：由此句判断可知，作者的衣柜里塞满了衣服，所以选“stuffed”。
30．答案：B
解析：由下文“I ften did nt appreciate what I had”可知，作者并不感恩他现在所拥有的，与上文存在转折关系。
31．答案：D
解析：由下文“f being satisfied with what I've gt”可知，Jack 几乎一无所有，但“开心满足”。
32．答案：①a②is devted③which④centuries⑤seen⑥t be⑦crrespnding⑧befre⑨r⑩appearance
解析：①考查冠词。莫高窟是联合国世界遗产之一，a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site 用来作 the Mga Caves 的同位语。
②考查被动语态。devte 是及物动词，常用 devte neself t或 be devted t,意为“投身于，把……奉献 给……”。
③考查定语从句。which 这里是指前面的site 。从句部分意思为“这个地方的建设跨越了一千年”。
④考查名词的复数。
⑤考查过去分词作定语。diseases 和 see 之间是被动关系。
⑥考查不定式作目的状语。句意为“修复者应该要了解绘画，掌握石匠的技能并且具有化学和物理知识，才能找出问题和针对问题对应的原因提出解决办法。
⑦考查现在分词作定语。crrespnding“相应的”。
⑧考查介词。句意：在正式进行修复和评价其效果之前，他们必须选择合适的材料和工具。
⑨考查连词。句意：当修复者发现壁画缺失或者褪色，他们不会重绘它们来达到完美的外表。
⑩考查 appear 的名词形式。
33．答案：Dear Lucy,
With yur birthday appraching, I sincerely wish yu a happy birthday!
T cnvey my sincere wishes, I’ve made sme paper cuttings fr yu. One piece is designed with fur Chinese characters that mean “happy birthday”. Anther piece is in the shape f sunflwers, which stand fr gd health and energy. There’s als ne piece shwing a mnkey n a tree as the year in which yu were brn was the Year f the Mnkey in the Chinese zdiac.
The paper cuttings are expected t be delivered t yu within seven days and I hpe yu’ll like them.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：1. 词汇积累
来临：apprach→cme near
真诚地：sincerely→heartfelt
代表：stand fr→represent
展示：shw→display
2. 句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：The paper cuttings are expected t be delivered t yu within seven days and I hpe yu’ll like them.
拓展句：The paper cuttings, which I expect t be delivered t yu within seven days, are crafted with the hpe that they will bring yu jy.
[高分句型1]Anther piece is in the shape f sunflwers, which stand fr gd health and energy.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]There’s als ne piece shwing a mnkey n a tree as the year in which yu were brn was the Year f the Mnkey in the Chinese zdiac.(运用了现在分词作定语，in which引导的定语从句)
34．答案： Their first day at the therapy center was filled with uncertainty. The children, accustmed t their wn cmpany r limited interactins, were initially cautius abut Buddy. Sme wuld avid eye cntact, while thers std still bserving frm a distance. Buddy sensed the anxiety t and mirrred their calm, sitting patiently and ccasinally ffering a gentle tuch with his nse t a child wh seemed less afraid. Despite the initial challenges, Sarah was cnfident that Buddy wuld eventually adapt t this new envirnment and make a psitive impact.
As the weeks prgressed, Sarah nticed a remarkable change bth in the children and Buddy. The nce timid dg nw eagerly apprached the children, gently tuching their hands with his nse and wagging his tail enthusiastically. In return, the children wuld strke his sft fur and share their snacks with him. Their fear and hesitatin gradually changed int smiles and laughter as they began t trust and frm bnds with ne anther. It was evident that the jurney f transfrmatin that began in the animal shelter had nw extended t the therapy center, where Buddy’s presence brught jy and cmfrt t thse in need.
解析：1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他们在治疗中心的第一天充满了不确定性。”可知，第一段可描写巴迪第一次去自闭症治疗中心时的情况。
②由第二段首句内容“几个星期过去了，萨拉注意到孩子们和巴迪都发生了显著的变化。”可知，第二段可描写巴迪和自闭症的孩子们建立了联系，为他们带来欢笑。
2. 续写线索：收养巴迪——用爱和安慰帮助巴迪茁壮成长——参加训练——和孩子们建立联系——给那些需要帮助的人带来了快乐和安慰。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①观察：bserving/watching/nticing
②信任：trust/have faith in/believe
③建立：frm/establish/build up
情绪类
①焦虑：anxiety/wrry/tensin
②恐惧：fear/scare/fright
[高分句型1]Their fear and hesitatin gradually changed int smiles and laughter as they began t trust and frm bnds with ne anther.(as引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]It was evident that the jurney f transfrmatin that began in the animal shelter had nw extended t the therapy center, where Buddy’s presence brught jy and cmfrt t thse in need.(where引导的非限制性定语从句)