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冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（新高考专用）真题重组卷02
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这是一份冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（新高考专用）真题重组卷02，文件包含真题重组卷02新高考专用解析版docx、真题重组卷02新高考专用听力mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2022·全国·高考真题）What will the speakers d next?
A．Check the map.
B．Leave the restaurant.
C．Park the car.
【答案】C
【原文】M: We have t find a parking space. Let’s drive arund the blck ne mre time. Did yu say the restaurant has n ff-street parking at all?
W: Nne. I checked it. Lk, there is a space!
2．（2022·全国·高考真题）What did the speakers d last week?
A．They had a celebratin dinner.
B．They went t see a newbrn baby.
C．They sent a mail t their neighbrs.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Laura, what’s in the mailbx?
W: It’s a thank-yu nte frm ur neighbur. They thank us fr visiting them last week when the baby was brn. They als invite us t have dinner next Friday.
M: Are they back hme nw?
W: Shuld be.
3．（2022·全国·高考真题）What des the man prbably want t d?
A．D sme exercise.
B．Get an extra key.
C．Order rm service.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Excuse me, where is the htel gym, please?
W: It’s n the tp flr. Yu can take the lift ver there.
M: D I have t pay extra?
W: N, sir, yu just need t take yur rm key with yu.
4．（2023·全国·统考高考真题）What will Jack prbably d this weekend?
A．G camping.B．Visit a friend.C．Watch a film.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Jack, are yu ging camping with yur friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll g.
W: The weatherman says it’s ging t rain.
M: In that case, we’ll g t the cinema instead.
5．（2023·全国·统考高考真题）When will the man see Bb?
A．This Friday.B．This Saturday.C．Next Mnday.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Bb came ut f hspital last Friday. Have yu gt a chance t visit him?
M: I plan t see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t yu ging t the cnference then?
M: N. It has been rescheduled fr next Mnday.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7小题。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）
6．Why des Sara make the phne call?
A．T ask fr advice.B．T arrange an uting.C．T cancel an appintment.
7．What des David want t d?
A．G t a dinner party.B．Talk t Sara in persn.C．Wrk n the new case.
【答案】6．C 7．B
【原文】M: Hell, Sara.
W: Hell, David. I can’t cme fr dinner tnight. Srry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve gt a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the ffice.
M: Well, then I’ll cme t yu.
W: N, n, nt tnight. Let me see if I can arrange anther night.
M: Sara, please. We need t talk. It’s abut my jb.
W: Then tell me n the phne.
M: N, it’s better if we d it in persn. Hw abut tmrrw night?
W: I’m nt sure. Yu can give me a call tmrrw afternn.
M: OK.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9小题。
（2022·全国·高考真题）
8．Why des the wman cme t the man?
A．T ask fr permissin.
B．T extend an invitatin.
C．T express thanks.
9．When are the students ging t the museum?
A．On Friday.B．On Saturday.C．On Sunday.
【答案】8．A 9．B
【原文】W: Mr. Wilsn, students frm Class 2 want t visit the histry museum. Will it be all right if I take them there this weekend?
M: Hw abut their revisin test? Are they thrugh with it?
W: Yes, they are.
M: In that case, yu can g ahead. Try t finish it within ne day, s that the students still have a whle day t rest n Sunday.
W: All right. I’ll manage.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12小题。
（2022·全国·高考真题）
10．What are the speakers talking abut?
A．Buying grceries.
B．Chsing gifts.
C．Seeing friends.
11．Wh is Clara?
A．The man’s wife.
B．The man’s sister.
C．The man’s daughter.
12．Hw much did the man spend n the city passes?
A．$36.B．$50.C．$150.
【答案】10．B 11．C 12．C
【原文】M: Hi, Linda. Fancy seeing yu here. Hw lng have yu been shpping?
W: Almst an hur. I have a lt t buy. My daughter Melissa’s birthday is cming. I’m trying t get her a gd gift, but I dn’t knw what t chse. She seems t have everything she lves.
M: Yeah, the same as Clara. We’ve already had bags f tys she’s n lnger playing with. S this year, we didn’t buy her material things. We gave her an experience gift.
W: What’s that?
M: A city pass, with which she can visit 12 different attractins, including the natinal histry museum, the science museum, the z, and mre.
W: Hw much is it?
M: Fifty dllars per persn, fr a year-lng pass. I bught three fr the whle family.
W: S yu can have a different uting every mnth fr the entire year. What a great idea!
听第9段材料，回答第13至16小题。
（2021·全国·高考真题）
13．Why did Sarah make the phne call?
A．T ask a favr.
B．T pass n a message.
C．T make an appintment.
14．Where is Sarah nw?
A．In Brightn.B．At her hme.C．At the Sheltn Htel.
15．What time is Michael leaving his place tmrrw mrning?
A．At 7：40.B．At 8：00.C．At 8：20.
16．What is the prbable relatinship between Jhn and Sarah?
A．Neighbrs.B．Fellw wrkers.C．Husband and wife.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C
【原文】W: Hell, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah.
W: Are yu attending the cnference tmrrw mrning at the Sheltn Htel?
M: Yes. Are yu?
W: Yeah, but when I arrived hme five minutes ag, I fund that my car wuldn't start. And Jhn is in Brightn n business.
M: D yu knw what’s wrng with the car?
W: I’m nt exactly sure. I think there is a prblem with the engine. Err…I wnder if yu culd give me a ride t the htel tmrrw mrning.
M: Sure. When shall I be at yur place?
W: Well, what abut 8: 00? Frm my place t Sheltn, we have t drive thrugh the quarters, s we’d better leave early t avid the traffic.
M: OK. N prblem. It takes twenty minutes t reach yur place. S I’ll set ff at 7:40. By the way, d yu als need me t drive yu hme tmrrw afternn?
W: N, Jhn will be back then, and he’ll get me hme. Thank yu, Michael.
M: That’s kay. See yu tmrrw.
听第10段材料，回答17 、18、19、20小题。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）
17．What did Clara d at the weekend?
A．She planted vegetables.
B．She went t a yard sale.
C．She visited her grandpa.
18．What did Mark find inside ne f the bks he bught?
A．A plane ticket.B．A family pht.C．A pst card.
19．Where des Mark live?
A．Ls Angeles.B．Chicag.C．Philadelphia.
20．What is the relatinship between Mark and Ashley?
A．Brther and sister.B．Husband and wife.C．Father and daughter.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C 20．A
【原文】W: Mrning, Mark.
M: Mrning, Clara. Hw was yur weekend?
W: Great. I went t my grandpa’s. He invited us t pick vegetables n his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What abut yu?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I drpped by a yard sale n Saturday and gt several bks.
W: Nvels?
M: A nvel and tw petry cllectins. As I leafed thrugh the nvel, a piece f paper fell ut. It was an air ticket frm 2012. The flight was frm Ls Angeles t Chicag and the name n the ticket was Ashley Luis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Ls Angeles and her husband wrked in Chicag. Bth f them ften flew between tw cities. I asked the seller where he gt the bk. He said it was bught at a secnd-hand bkstre in Ls Angeles three years ag. Last year, he and his family mved frm Ls Angeles t Philadelphia.
W: S, all the way acrss the cuntry, yur sister’s ld bk landed in yur hands. That’s really crazy.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·全国·高考真题）Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A textbk.B．An exam paper.C．A curse plan.D．An academic article.
22．Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
23．What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A．Yu will receive a zer.B．Yu will lse a letter grade.
C．Yu will be given a test.D．Yu will have t rewrite it.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
B
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
24．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．An intrductin t a bk.B．An essay n the art f writing.
C．A guidebk t a museum.D．A review f mdern paintings.
25．What are the selected artwrks abut?
A．Wealth and intellect.B．Hme and schl.
C．Bks and reading.D．Wrk and leisure.
26．What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Understand.B．Paint.
C．Seize.D．Transfrm.
27．What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A．The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B．Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D．Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】24．A 25．C 26．A 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是对一本书的介绍，主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
24．推理判断题。In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. (在这本“书之书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系)”以及第三段“Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect, wealth r faith f the subject. (书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰)”和最后一段“Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. (从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。故选A。
25．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
27．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
C
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
28．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Pcket parks are nw ppular.B．Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C．Many cities are verppulated.D．Peple enjy living clse t nature.
29．Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A．T cmpare different types f park-gers.B．T explain why the park attracts turists.
C．T analyze the main features f the park.D．T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
30．What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B．Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different frms.
D．The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
31．What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A．Language study.B．Envirnmental cnservatin.
C．Public educatin.D．Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
D
（2020·海南·高考真题）In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃动）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
32．What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A．It carried mre weight than it culd.
B．It swayed vilently in a strng wind
C．Its radway was damaged by vehicles
D．Its access was blcked by many peple.
33．Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A．N design is well received everywhere
B．Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C．Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design
D．Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
34．What des the last paragraph suggest?
A．Failure can lead t prgress.B．Success results in vercnfidence
C．Failure shuld be avided.D．Success cmes frm jint effrts.
35．What is the text?
A．A news reprtB．A shrt stry.
C．A bk reviewD．A research article.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．A 35．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·全国·高考真题）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
39 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. 40 When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A．Nt all the custmers are turists.
B．The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D．The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E．That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F．Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G．The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】36．F 37．C 38．G 39．E 40．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯的经历。
36．下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵第六层的公寓，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。
37．上文“Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing wrked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。
38．下文“French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中delicius是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。
39．下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因“物价昂贵”。故选E项。
40．上文“In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency (效率). Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“When d these peple wrk?(这些人什么时候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中custmer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2020·全国·高考真题）Mlai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near sme wetlands which became his secnd 41 . He learned the value and beauty f 42 there frm a very yung age.
When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 43 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 44 it caused had driven away a number f birds. 45 , the number f snakes had declined as well. He 46 that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the 47 . The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek 48 during the daytime. He turned t the 49 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there. Hwever, Mlai went lking n his wn and 50 a nearby island where he began t plant trees.
51 yung plants in the dry seasn was 52 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the 53 f each sapling(幼树)a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 54 rainwater. The water wuld then drip(滴落)n the plants belw.
Mlai 55 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres f naturally-grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.
41．A．dreamB．jbC．hmeD．chice
42．A．natureB．yuthC．cultureD．knwledge
43．A．preciusB．interestingC．disturbingD．awkward
44．A．wasteB．tensinC．painD．damage
45．A．BesidesB．HweverC．TherefreD．Otherwise
46．A．agreedB．realizedC．rememberedD．predicted
47．A．niseB．heatC．diseaseD．dust
48．A．directinsB．partnersC．helpD．shelter
49．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance
50．A．rebuiltB．discveredC．leftD．managed
51．A．DecratingB．ObservingC．WateringD．Guarding
52．A．tughB．illegalC．fantasticD．beneficial
53．A．backB．tpC．ftD．side
54．A．cl dwnB．keep ffC．purifyD．cllect
55．A．returnedB．learnedC．failedD．cntinued
【答案】
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Mlai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Mlai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. jb工作；C. hme家；D. chice选择。根据空前的secnd可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. yuth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knwledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Mlai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precius宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. generus慷慨的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tensin紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. Hwever但是；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Mlai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. nise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directins方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labr劳动；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Mlai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discvered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”lking n his wn”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decrating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Mlai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry seasn”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tugh困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Mlai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意:Mlai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. tp顶端；C. ft脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water wuld then drip n the plants belw”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
54．考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Mlai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cl dwn冷却下来；B. keep ff与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. cllect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Mlai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. cntinued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 56 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether 57 (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace. There yu will find them prepared differently — mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rlled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 61 (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f 62 (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with 63 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is 64 (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left 65 (want) mre next time.
【答案】
56．tasty 57．t bite 58．r 59．recgnized 60．by 61．t be lifted 62．their 63．a 64．rarely 65．wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
56．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词sup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
58．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填r。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recgnized。
60．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，故填t be lifted。
62．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词cntents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
63．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a tuch f “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，tuch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
64．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
（2022·全国·高考真题）假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Carline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Carline,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Carline,
This is my first time that I have invited yu t attend ur prgram —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students. Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it. As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt. If yu are available n this Sunday, I tgether with the whle Talk and Talk staff am waiting fr yur cming. I’d appreciate it if yu take my invitatin int cnsideratin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件邀请你的外教Carline来你校的广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”做一次访谈。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→participate in
建立：establish→set up
帮助：aid→assistance
许多：plenty f→a lt f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt.
拓展句：Yu are ur distinguished freign language teacher, whse aid can help us a lt.
【点睛】[高分句型1]This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构)
第二节(满分25分)
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute(路线)thrugh thick evergreen frest.
I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run.
What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustratin(懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat dwn next t each ther, but David wuldn’t lk at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We sat dwn next t each ther, but David wuldn’t lk at me. I said gently and quietly, “N ne can change yur mind, except yurself. If yu desire t challenge yurself, there is nthing t d with thers’ thughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “Yu have a full preparatin befre this event, which is the mst imprtant reasn why yu shw up here”, I added with a sincere tne. Hearing my wrds, David turned t me tremblingly with tears spilling ut f his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determinatin t finish the crss-cuntry run. His cach heard what David said and gave me a lk—the kind that was mre determined than anyne else’s.
I watched as David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely lng fr yung children, nt t mentin a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses, thugh he was tripped ver within the a few kilmeters. It didn’t take lng befre he picked himself up again and cntinued his missin. Classmates all appeared n the racing track, cheering fr him. “Cme n! Yu can make it! We are prud f yu!” they shuted enthusiastically. T everyne’s jy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was n mre imprtant whether he wn the first place r nt. It was his brave heart and strng faith that culd make smething unusual happen finally.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。
2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行动类：
①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply
②坚持做：insisted n ding/be stick t ding
情绪类：
①热情：enthusiastically /with great passin
②骄傲：be prud f/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1]Yu have a full preparatin befre this event, which is the mst imprtant reasn why yu shw up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Hearing my wrds, David turned t me tremblingly with tears spilling ut f his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determinatin t finish the crss-cuntry run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strng faith that culd make smething unusual happen finally. (由It 结构引导的强调句型)
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。
2. 作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2022·全国·高考真题）What will the speakers d next?
A．Check the map.
B．Leave the restaurant.
C．Park the car.
【答案】C
【原文】M: We have t find a parking space. Let’s drive arund the blck ne mre time. Did yu say the restaurant has n ff-street parking at all?
W: Nne. I checked it. Lk, there is a space!
2．（2022·全国·高考真题）What did the speakers d last week?
A．They had a celebratin dinner.
B．They went t see a newbrn baby.
C．They sent a mail t their neighbrs.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Laura, what’s in the mailbx?
W: It’s a thank-yu nte frm ur neighbur. They thank us fr visiting them last week when the baby was brn. They als invite us t have dinner next Friday.
M: Are they back hme nw?
W: Shuld be.
3．（2022·全国·高考真题）What des the man prbably want t d?
A．D sme exercise.
B．Get an extra key.
C．Order rm service.
【答案】A
【原文】M: Excuse me, where is the htel gym, please?
W: It’s n the tp flr. Yu can take the lift ver there.
M: D I have t pay extra?
W: N, sir, yu just need t take yur rm key with yu.
4．（2023·全国·统考高考真题）What will Jack prbably d this weekend?
A．G camping.B．Visit a friend.C．Watch a film.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Jack, are yu ging camping with yur friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll g.
W: The weatherman says it’s ging t rain.
M: In that case, we’ll g t the cinema instead.
5．（2023·全国·统考高考真题）When will the man see Bb?
A．This Friday.B．This Saturday.C．Next Mnday.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Bb came ut f hspital last Friday. Have yu gt a chance t visit him?
M: I plan t see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t yu ging t the cnference then?
M: N. It has been rescheduled fr next Mnday.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7小题。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）
6．Why des Sara make the phne call?
A．T ask fr advice.B．T arrange an uting.C．T cancel an appintment.
7．What des David want t d?
A．G t a dinner party.B．Talk t Sara in persn.C．Wrk n the new case.
【答案】6．C 7．B
【原文】M: Hell, Sara.
W: Hell, David. I can’t cme fr dinner tnight. Srry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve gt a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the ffice.
M: Well, then I’ll cme t yu.
W: N, n, nt tnight. Let me see if I can arrange anther night.
M: Sara, please. We need t talk. It’s abut my jb.
W: Then tell me n the phne.
M: N, it’s better if we d it in persn. Hw abut tmrrw night?
W: I’m nt sure. Yu can give me a call tmrrw afternn.
M: OK.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9小题。
（2022·全国·高考真题）
8．Why des the wman cme t the man?
A．T ask fr permissin.
B．T extend an invitatin.
C．T express thanks.
9．When are the students ging t the museum?
A．On Friday.B．On Saturday.C．On Sunday.
【答案】8．A 9．B
【原文】W: Mr. Wilsn, students frm Class 2 want t visit the histry museum. Will it be all right if I take them there this weekend?
M: Hw abut their revisin test? Are they thrugh with it?
W: Yes, they are.
M: In that case, yu can g ahead. Try t finish it within ne day, s that the students still have a whle day t rest n Sunday.
W: All right. I’ll manage.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12小题。
（2022·全国·高考真题）
10．What are the speakers talking abut?
A．Buying grceries.
B．Chsing gifts.
C．Seeing friends.
11．Wh is Clara?
A．The man’s wife.
B．The man’s sister.
C．The man’s daughter.
12．Hw much did the man spend n the city passes?
A．$36.B．$50.C．$150.
【答案】10．B 11．C 12．C
【原文】M: Hi, Linda. Fancy seeing yu here. Hw lng have yu been shpping?
W: Almst an hur. I have a lt t buy. My daughter Melissa’s birthday is cming. I’m trying t get her a gd gift, but I dn’t knw what t chse. She seems t have everything she lves.
M: Yeah, the same as Clara. We’ve already had bags f tys she’s n lnger playing with. S this year, we didn’t buy her material things. We gave her an experience gift.
W: What’s that?
M: A city pass, with which she can visit 12 different attractins, including the natinal histry museum, the science museum, the z, and mre.
W: Hw much is it?
M: Fifty dllars per persn, fr a year-lng pass. I bught three fr the whle family.
W: S yu can have a different uting every mnth fr the entire year. What a great idea!
听第9段材料，回答第13至16小题。
（2021·全国·高考真题）
13．Why did Sarah make the phne call?
A．T ask a favr.
B．T pass n a message.
C．T make an appintment.
14．Where is Sarah nw?
A．In Brightn.B．At her hme.C．At the Sheltn Htel.
15．What time is Michael leaving his place tmrrw mrning?
A．At 7：40.B．At 8：00.C．At 8：20.
16．What is the prbable relatinship between Jhn and Sarah?
A．Neighbrs.B．Fellw wrkers.C．Husband and wife.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C
【原文】W: Hell, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah.
W: Are yu attending the cnference tmrrw mrning at the Sheltn Htel?
M: Yes. Are yu?
W: Yeah, but when I arrived hme five minutes ag, I fund that my car wuldn't start. And Jhn is in Brightn n business.
M: D yu knw what’s wrng with the car?
W: I’m nt exactly sure. I think there is a prblem with the engine. Err…I wnder if yu culd give me a ride t the htel tmrrw mrning.
M: Sure. When shall I be at yur place?
W: Well, what abut 8: 00? Frm my place t Sheltn, we have t drive thrugh the quarters, s we’d better leave early t avid the traffic.
M: OK. N prblem. It takes twenty minutes t reach yur place. S I’ll set ff at 7:40. By the way, d yu als need me t drive yu hme tmrrw afternn?
W: N, Jhn will be back then, and he’ll get me hme. Thank yu, Michael.
M: That’s kay. See yu tmrrw.
听第10段材料，回答17 、18、19、20小题。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）
17．What did Clara d at the weekend?
A．She planted vegetables.
B．She went t a yard sale.
C．She visited her grandpa.
18．What did Mark find inside ne f the bks he bught?
A．A plane ticket.B．A family pht.C．A pst card.
19．Where des Mark live?
A．Ls Angeles.B．Chicag.C．Philadelphia.
20．What is the relatinship between Mark and Ashley?
A．Brther and sister.B．Husband and wife.C．Father and daughter.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．C 20．A
【原文】W: Mrning, Mark.
M: Mrning, Clara. Hw was yur weekend?
W: Great. I went t my grandpa’s. He invited us t pick vegetables n his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What abut yu?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I drpped by a yard sale n Saturday and gt several bks.
W: Nvels?
M: A nvel and tw petry cllectins. As I leafed thrugh the nvel, a piece f paper fell ut. It was an air ticket frm 2012. The flight was frm Ls Angeles t Chicag and the name n the ticket was Ashley Luis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Ls Angeles and her husband wrked in Chicag. Bth f them ften flew between tw cities. I asked the seller where he gt the bk. He said it was bught at a secnd-hand bkstre in Ls Angeles three years ag. Last year, he and his family mved frm Ls Angeles t Philadelphia.
W: S, all the way acrss the cuntry, yur sister’s ld bk landed in yur hands. That’s really crazy.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·全国·高考真题）Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A textbk.B．An exam paper.C．A curse plan.D．An academic article.
22．Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
23．What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A．Yu will receive a zer.B．Yu will lse a letter grade.
C．Yu will be given a test.D．Yu will have t rewrite it.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
21．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
B
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
24．Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A．An intrductin t a bk.B．An essay n the art f writing.
C．A guidebk t a museum.D．A review f mdern paintings.
25．What are the selected artwrks abut?
A．Wealth and intellect.B．Hme and schl.
C．Bks and reading.D．Wrk and leisure.
26．What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Understand.B．Paint.
C．Seize.D．Transfrm.
27．What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A．The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B．Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C．Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D．Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】24．A 25．C 26．A 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是对一本书的介绍，主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
24．推理判断题。In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. (在这本“书之书”中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系)”以及第三段“Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect, wealth r faith f the subject. (书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰)”和最后一段“Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. (从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。故选A。
25．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
27．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
C
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
28．What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A．Pcket parks are nw ppular.B．Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C．Many cities are verppulated.D．Peple enjy living clse t nature.
29．Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A．T cmpare different types f park-gers.B．T explain why the park attracts turists.
C．T analyze the main features f the park.D．T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
30．What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A．Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B．Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C．The same nature experience takes different frms.
D．The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
31．What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A．Language study.B．Envirnmental cnservatin.
C．Public educatin.D．Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
D
（2020·海南·高考真题）In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway（晃动）. The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr. Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.
"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
32．What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?
A．It carried mre weight than it culd.
B．It swayed vilently in a strng wind
C．Its radway was damaged by vehicles
D．Its access was blcked by many peple.
33．Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A．N design is well received everywhere
B．Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C．Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design
D．Imprvements n engineering wrks are necessary.
34．What des the last paragraph suggest?
A．Failure can lead t prgress.B．Success results in vercnfidence
C．Failure shuld be avided.D．Success cmes frm jint effrts.
35．What is the text?
A．A news reprtB．A shrt stry.
C．A bk reviewD．A research article.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．A 35．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible：the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design：Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean（赞歌）t its breakdwns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“It is failure that brings imprvement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·全国·高考真题）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) wrked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
39 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. 40 When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A．Nt all the custmers are turists.
B．The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D．The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E．That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F．Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G．The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】36．F 37．C 38．G 39．E 40．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯的经历。
36．下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵第六层的公寓，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。
37．上文“Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing wrked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题意。故选C项。
38．下文“French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中delicius是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。
39．下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因“物价昂贵”。故选E项。
40．上文“In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency (效率). Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“When d these peple wrk?(这些人什么时候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中custmer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2020·全国·高考真题）Mlai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near sme wetlands which became his secnd 41 . He learned the value and beauty f 42 there frm a very yung age.
When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 43 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 44 it caused had driven away a number f birds. 45 , the number f snakes had declined as well. He 46 that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the 47 . The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek 48 during the daytime. He turned t the 49 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there. Hwever, Mlai went lking n his wn and 50 a nearby island where he began t plant trees.
51 yung plants in the dry seasn was 52 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the 53 f each sapling(幼树)a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 54 rainwater. The water wuld then drip(滴落)n the plants belw.
Mlai 55 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres f naturally-grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.
41．A．dreamB．jbC．hmeD．chice
42．A．natureB．yuthC．cultureD．knwledge
43．A．preciusB．interestingC．disturbingD．awkward
44．A．wasteB．tensinC．painD．damage
45．A．BesidesB．HweverC．TherefreD．Otherwise
46．A．agreedB．realizedC．rememberedD．predicted
47．A．niseB．heatC．diseaseD．dust
48．A．directinsB．partnersC．helpD．shelter
49．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance
50．A．rebuiltB．discveredC．leftD．managed
51．A．DecratingB．ObservingC．WateringD．Guarding
52．A．tughB．illegalC．fantasticD．beneficial
53．A．backB．tpC．ftD．side
54．A．cl dwnB．keep ffC．purifyD．cllect
55．A．returnedB．learnedC．failedD．cntinued
【答案】
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 49．C 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Mlai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候，一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物，很多鸟儿离开，蛇类数量减少。Mlai决定改变这一切，他经过努力，在附近找到了一个小岛，开始种树。在30多年的时间里，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近，那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想；B. jb工作；C. hme家；D. chice选择。根据空前的secnd可知，他出生的村庄是他的家，村庄附近的一些“湿地”成为了他的第二个“家”。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然；B. yuth青春，年轻；C. culture文化；D. knwledge知识。湿地展现了“大自然”的价值和美。故选A。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时，Mlai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precius宝贵的；B. interesting有趣的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起烦恼的；D. generus慷慨的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭，很多鸟儿离开，蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常，令人不安。故选C。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物；B. tensin紧张；C. pain疼痛，痛苦；D. damage损害，伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区，它会“损害”庄稼、树木，这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. Hwever但是；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记住，记起；D. predicted预测。Mlai“意识到”鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. nise噪音；B. heat热；C. disease疾病；D. dust尘土。根据常识可知，树木可以提供阴凉，从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然，解决的办法是种树，这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directins方向；B. partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C. help帮助；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护，遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供“遮蔽”。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labr劳动；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的“The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要种树，所以他应该向“森林”部门求助。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，Mlai自己去看了看，发现了附近的一个岛屿，他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建；B. discvered发现；C. left离开；D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”lking n his wn”可知，他自己去看，那么接下来就应该是他”发现”了一个小岛。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decrating装饰；B. Observing观察到；C. Watering浇水；D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Mlai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry seasn”可知，在旱季给幼苗“浇水”很难。故选C。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说，在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tugh困难的；B. illegal非法的；C. fantastic极好的；D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知，Mlai想尽办法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，给幼苗浇水很“难”。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意:Mlai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部；B. tp顶端；C. ft脚；D. side一边，一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water wuld then drip n the plants belw”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的”顶端”。故选B。
54．考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Mlai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台，在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cl dwn冷却下来；B. keep ff与……保持距离；C. purify净化，使纯净；D. cllect收集。根据常识可知，陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知，他将陶罐放到竹子平台上“收集”雨水。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里，Mlai继续种树。A. returned返回；B. learned学会；C. failed失败；D. cntinued继续。根据后一句可知，他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知，在接下来的37年里，他“继续”种树。故选D。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2023·全国·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, 56 (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerusly ht. T eat ne, yu have t decide whether 57 (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue. Shanghai may be the 59 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace. There yu will find them prepared differently — mre dumpling and less sup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rlled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 61 (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f 62 (they) cntents. The meat shuld be fresh with 63 tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is 64 (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left 65 (want) mre next time.
【答案】
56．tasty 57．t bite 58．r 59．recgnized 60．by 61．t be lifted 62．their 63．a 64．rarely 65．wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
56．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词sup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
58．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填r。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词hme前面作定语，recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recgnized作定语，recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recgnized。
60．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted，故填t be lifted。
62．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词cntents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
63．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a tuch f “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，tuch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
64．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
（2022·全国·高考真题）假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Carline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：
1. 节目介绍；
2. 访谈的时间和话题。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Carline,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Carline,
This is my first time that I have invited yu t attend ur prgram —Talk and Talk. It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students. Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it. As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt. If yu are available n this Sunday, I tgether with the whle Talk and Talk staff am waiting fr yur cming. I’d appreciate it if yu take my invitatin int cnsideratin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件邀请你的外教Carline来你校的广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”做一次访谈。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：attend→participate in
建立：establish→set up
帮助：aid→assistance
许多：plenty f→a lt f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As ur distinguished freign language teacher, yur aid can help us a lt.
拓展句：Yu are ur distinguished freign language teacher, whse aid can help us a lt.
【点睛】[高分句型1]This is an amazing prgram where yu can share yur ideas with students.(运用了where引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Nw, when having truble in learning English well, plenty f students urge t knw hw t deal with it.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构)
第二节(满分25分)
（2022·全国·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day f the big crss-cuntry run. Students frm seven different primary schls in and arund the small twn were warming up and walking the rute(路线)thrugh thick evergreen frest.
I lked arund and finally sptted David, wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence. He was small fr ten years ld. His usual big tthy smile was absent tday. I walked ver and asked him why he wasn’t with the ther children. He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run.
What was wrng? He had wrked s hard fr this event!
I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl’s cach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids frm ther schls wuld laugh at him,” he explained uncmfrtably. “I gave him the chice t run r nt, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustratin(懊恼). I knew the cach meant well—he thught he was ding the right thing. After making sure that David culd run if he wanted, I turned t find him cming twards me, his small bdy rcking frm side t side as he swung his feet frward.
David had a brain disease which prevented him frm walking r running like ther children, but at schl his classmates thught f him as a regular kid. He always participated t the best f his ability in whatever they were ding. That was why nne f the children thught it unusual that David had decided t jin the crss-cuntry team. It just tk him lnger—that’s all. David had nt missed a single practice, and althugh he always finished his run lng after the ther children, he did always finish. As a special educatin teacher at the schl, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was prud f his strng determinatin.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
We sat dwn next t each ther, but David wuldn’t lk at me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】We sat dwn next t each ther, but David wuldn’t lk at me. I said gently and quietly, “N ne can change yur mind, except yurself. If yu desire t challenge yurself, there is nthing t d with thers’ thughts.” He sat still with a deep breath. “Yu have a full preparatin befre this event, which is the mst imprtant reasn why yu shw up here”, I added with a sincere tne. Hearing my wrds, David turned t me tremblingly with tears spilling ut f his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determinatin t finish the crss-cuntry run. His cach heard what David said and gave me a lk—the kind that was mre determined than anyne else’s.
I watched as David mved up t the starting line with the ther runners. The race started. It seemed that the runway was extremely lng fr yung children, nt t mentin a child with a brain disease. David insisted n running as if he had frgtten all his weaknesses, thugh he was tripped ver within the a few kilmeters. It didn’t take lng befre he picked himself up again and cntinued his missin. Classmates all appeared n the racing track, cheering fr him. “Cme n! Yu can make it! We are prud f yu!” they shuted enthusiastically. T everyne’s jy, he reached the final line and ranked the 20th. It was n mre imprtant whether he wn the first place r nt. It was his brave heart and strng faith that culd make smething unusual happen finally.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者是一名特殊教育教师，在大型越野赛跑那天，发现患有大脑疾病的大卫独自站在一旁。作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。从教练口中得知，因为担心同学们会嘲笑大卫，所以教练想让大卫自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让大卫追寻自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，大卫最终参赛，尽管遇到困难，他战胜了自己，这已经无关名次，而是他的勇敢和坚定让这一切成为可能。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们挨着坐着，但大卫不愿看我一眼。”可知，第一段可描写作者鼓励大卫继续完成比赛，大卫经过强烈的心理斗争，最终决定参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。”可知，第二段可描写大卫开始参赛，虽然中途遇到困难，仍然坚持到最后，完成比赛。
2.续写线索：鼓励大卫——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——加油助威——完成比赛——感悟
3.词汇激活：
行动类：
①深呼吸：with a deep breath/breathe deeply
②坚持做：insisted n ding/be stick t ding
情绪类：
①热情：enthusiastically /with great passin
②骄傲：be prud f/take pride in
【点睛】[高分句型1]Yu have a full preparatin befre this event, which is the mst imprtant reasn why yu shw up here. (由which引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Hearing my wrds, David turned t me tremblingly with tears spilling ut f his eyes and expressed he had made a firm determinatin t finish the crss-cuntry run. (现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3]It was his brave heart and strng faith that culd make smething unusual happen finally. (由It 结构引导的强调句型)
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