Unit7-基础知识讲解与练习 人教版英语七年级下册

这是一份Unit7-基础知识讲解与练习 人教版英语七年级下册，共10页。
人教版初中英语七年级上册Unit 7 How much are the pants?知识讲解与练习A一．询问价格: how much 1. ______ ______ is +　_______？ ______ _______ are + _________？ _______ + 钱 _________ + 钱【习题】1. 这件红色的裙子多少钱？100元。___________________________________ _________________________2. 这条蓝裤子多少钱？30美元.______________________________________ _______________________ 2. 同义句 What’s the price of + 商品？ It’s + 钱 【习题】1. 这件红色的裙子多少钱？100元。________________________________ _________________________2. 这条蓝裤子多少钱？30美元.___________________________________ ______________________【习题】写出同义句How much is the sweater？＝_______ _____ _________ _____ the sweater？ How much are the socks？＝_______ _____ _________ _____ the socks？3. how much “多少”，对不可数名词的数量进行提问。How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？4. 比较： 例：How much milk do you drink every day?你每天喝多少牛奶？ How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果？【拓展】①much作副词，意为“非常；很；大量”。例如：Thank you very much. ②many也可意为“许多的；大量的”，但many用来修饰可数名词复数。例如：I have many friends in my school. 【习题】5. 选择：（1）—______ is your watch? —It's eighty yuan.A．How much　　B．What C．How D．What color（2）How much______ do you have?A．sock B．water C．pear D．shirt（3）______ socks does he want?A．How much B．What C．How D．How many.(4)—How much are the black socks? —__________________. A. It's 10 yuan. B. It's 10 yuans. C. They're 10 yuan. D. They're 10 yuans.【习题】6. 用 be 的适当形式填空；How much_______ that pen? How much salad____ there in the bowl?How much _______ these tomatoes? How much _______the shorts? — How much _____the red skirt? — It _____ 6 $.— How much ____these black pants? —They___10 $.二. 英美等西方国家的货币单位像dollar（美元）、cent（美分）、pound（英镑）、penny（便士）、shilling（先令）等有单复数变化。我国的货币单位元（yuan）、角（jiao）、分（fen）单复数一样。 △表示货币等度量衡单位的词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 100 dollars___quite a lot of money for him. 100美元对他来说是相当多的钱。三. socks袜子, shoes鞋, pants裤子,trousers裤子等都是成双成对的物品，一般以复数形式出现，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。例如：　Are those trousers Jim’s? The shorts are 58 dollars.【相关链接】如果这类词前面有“…pair (s) of (……条/双)”修饰时, 谓语动词就要根据pair的单复数形式发生相应的变化。The pair of trousers is 98 yuan.这条裤子98元。Two pairs of blue shoes are 200 dollars.两双蓝色的鞋200美元。【习题】 用 be 的适当形式填空；1. The pants _____Tom’s. 这条裤子是汤姆的。2. The pair of pants_____Tom’s. 这条裤子是汤姆的。3. I don't like this pair of socks.I want to buy a new ______.A．one B．skates C．skate D．pair五. Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗？ 此句是主动提供帮助时的服务用语。它的翻译随着场所的不同而不同。在饭店：你想吃点什么？在商店：你想买点什么？同义句：”May I help you?””What can I do for you?””Is there anything I can do for you?”来招呼顾客，以表示客气和礼貌，而不是说“What do you want?”，那样会显得非常无礼。回答时，若需购物用“Thank you,I want… ”或“Yes,please.I’d like/need/want…”来回答；若不想购物，用“No,thanks,I’m just looking around.”或“Just have a look.”来回答。【习题】 —______ —Yes，please. I want a bag.A．How are you? B．Can I help you?C．Excuse me. D．What's your name? 六. need v. “需要”，是实义动词。三单 ___________1. need sth.“需要……”。need 的主语是“人”。 I _______ _______ ________ 我需要两支铅笔。2. need to do sth.需要做某事need 的主语是“人”。I need to call him. 我需要给他打个电话。3. 变否定句和一般疑问句时要加助动词。_______ you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？4.need作名词时，意为“需要、需求”，构成搭配a/the need for sth./to do sth.对于某事物/做某事的需求；be in need of需要（帮助、建议、金钱等）(be) in need 处于困境【习题】1．He needs to play sports.(变为否定句) He ______ ______to play sports.2．He is ill(病了)and he needs ______(see)a doctor(看医生)．(用词的适当形式填空)5. 作为情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”，“may”，“must”的用法基本相同，没有人称与数的变化。通常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：You needn't do it again．你不需要再做了。其否定式常用于回答Must 的疑问句 -Must I finish it today? -No,you needn't其疑问式用于构成疑问句 -Need I wear a coat? -Sure,it's cold.七. It looks nice. 它看起来很漂亮。look v．看；看上去1. 作动词“看”讲时，是不及物动词，即后面不能直接跟宾语的动词。look可单独使用。如果表达“看某人或某物”，look后接介词at，相当于have a look at。Look at the pen.What color is it?2. 作动词“看上去”讲时，后接形容词作表语。He looks fine. 他看上去气色很好。【习题】1. Look ______ the jacket，please.A．to B．at C．in D．/2. 翻译句子，每空一词。看！你爸爸看上去身体很好。______！Your father ______ ______.3. I ______ the tree，but can't ______ a bird.A．look；see B．watch；see C．look at；see D．see；look八. I'll take it.我买了。1. 此句是选好商品并决定购买时的常用语。在西方国家，顾客在商场购物并决定买某种商品时，常说“I'll take it/them.”或“I'll have it/them.”而一般不说“I'll buy it/them.”。 2. I'll，是I will的缩写，will是助动词，表示“将要”，用于表示将来(要)发生的事。I'll go to Nanjing.我将要去南京。3. take 在句中的意思是“买”，相当于buy/get/have。The skirt is nice.I'll take it. 这裙子不错，我买了。4. take v．“拿走，带到”，常用于以下结构：take sb.sth.(相当于take sth.to sb.)把某物带给某人。“Please take your father the hat.”相当于“Please take the hat to your father.”(请把这顶帽子带给你的爸爸)。其反义词是bring“带来；拿来”。5. take sb./sth.to＋某地　把某人或某物带到某地Take the boy to the park. 带这个男孩到公园。【习题】—How about the red shorts? —Very nice.I'll ______.A．get it B．take them C．buy it D．have it【习题】Your mother needs her notebook.Please ______.A．bring her it　　 B．bring it to herC．take it to her D．take her it九. You're welcome.不用谢。You are welcome. = _______________________ = _______________________ = ________________________ = ___________________________十．want sth 想要某物 我想要个苹果。_____________ want to do sth. 想要做某事 他想打篮球 ______________ want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 我想要他帮助我 __________________________.十一. . Here you are.给你。=______________________十二. ]woman n．女子 其复数形式为women。Some women are in the room. 一些女人在房间里。其对应词为man，复数形式为men。当woman，man作定语修饰名词复数时，woman，man也要用复数形式。I like women doctors. 我喜欢女医生。【习题】 Some ______ teachers and ______ teachers are in our school.A．woman；man B．women；manC．women；men D．woman；menB一. come v. “来，来到”，反义词是go。come是不及物动词，其后不能直接接宾语，接宾语时要接相应的介词。但是当其后接here，there，home等副词时，不用介词。Please______ _____ my house. 请来我家。Come_________！ 到这儿来！The boy ______ to this school to learn Chinese every day.A．come　　　　 B．coming C．comes D．to come二. sale n. 出售；降价销售It's a sale of winter clothes. 那是一次冬装大廉售。1. on sale 促销中; 出售；廉价出售The shirts are on sale. They're very cheap. 这些衬衫在大甩卖，它们很便宜。2. for sale (尤指个人所有物) 待售 The computer is for sale. 这台电脑待售。1）房子在待售The house __________ 2）毛衣在出售 _____________________3. sell v. “卖，销售”，sale的动词形式，buy的反义词。(1)sell sb.sth.＝sell sth.to sb.把某物卖给某人They want to sell us the car.＝They want to sell the car to us.他们想把汽车卖给我们。sell sth. for + 价格，以……价格出售某物Tony sold his car for $700. Tony以700美元出售了他的汽车。Her last book sells well. 她的上一本书十分畅销。【习题】Please help me ______ the erasers to students.A．sells B．to sell C．buys D．to buy三. We sell all our clothes at very good prices.我们卖的所有服装价格都很优惠。 1.at very good prices 以合理/优惠的价格 2.all的用法 与复数名词连用。名词前可用the、this、that、my、her、his等，也可用数词。)all the +名词 all the students all+形容词性物主代词 all his clothesAll five men are hard workers.五个人全都工作努力。He has lost all his money.他失去了所有的钱。 (1) both指两个人或物，而all指三个以上的人或物。Both of us want to go. 我们两人都想去。 All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作。 (2) both和all都可直接修饰名词；名词前如有限定词时，其前只能用both of或all of。 Both brothers are clever. 兄弟俩都聪明。 Both of the books are useful.两本书都有用。(3)both和all在句中的位置是位于be动词之后，行为动词之前，如有情态动词 或助动词，则位于情态动词或助动词与主动词之间。 We are all here. 我们都来了。四. for的用法 1. 供……用，给……的 Is this apple for me?这个苹果是给我的吗？ Here is a letter for your mother. 这儿有你妈妈的一封信。 2. 作……用（表用途） Do you need bags for sports?你需要运动包吗？ I need a cup for milk. 我需要一个装牛奶的杯子。 3. 就……而言，对于……来说 For lunch, I like hamburgers and salad. 午饭我喜欢汉堡和沙拉。 For girls, we have T-shirts in all colors.女孩子们可以买到各种颜色的T恤衫。 4. 以……的价格（表交换、价格） You can buy socks for only 5 dollars each. 你可以买到每双只卖5美元的袜子。 5. or oneself =by oneself 亲自 Come and see for yourself.你亲自来看看吧。五. buy v．购买；买1. buy sth. I want ______ ______ a computer. 我想买台电脑。2. buy sb.sth.＝buy sth.for sb.给某人买某物 buy it for himHis parents want to buy him a sweater.＝His parents want to buy a sweater for him.他父母想给他买一件毛衣。3. buy sth.from sb./somewhere从某人/某处买某物Can you buy a book from my brother? 你从我弟弟那儿买本书可以吗？Mary wants to ______ a white jacket from Huaxing Clothes Store.A．buy B．help C．see D．come【习题】同义句转换。Can you buy me a ball? Can you ______ a ball ______ ______？六． clothes n．“(pl.) 衣服，服装”。1. clothes本身是复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。“一套衣服”用a suit of clothes表示。I like beautiful clothes. 我喜欢漂亮的衣服。2. clothes不能用数词直接修饰，但可用these，those，many，few等词修饰。Don't buy too many clothes for her! 不要给她买太多衣服！【习题】I like nice ______.A．clothes B．sweater C．jacket D．pant七. price n. “价格”，1. 询问价格用 “What's the price of...？”句式，相当于 “How much is/are...？”结构。What's the price of the computer？＝How much is the computer？这台电脑多少钱？2. at a/an/the＋adj.＋price 表示“以……的价格”，表示价格的高低用high和low，不能用expensive/dear(贵的)/cheap(便宜的)等来修饰。The price of the watch is low.＝The watch is too cheap.这块表很便宜。【习题】The ______ of that ruler is very high.A．price B．price C．a price D．an price八. 物品＋in＋颜色＝颜色＋物品She has a sweater in red.＝ She has a red sweater.她有一件红色的毛衣。【习题】—Do you know that boy ______ black?—Yes，I do.He is Tony.A．on B．in C．at D．behind九、one与it两者均可作代词，代替上文出现过的名词。但其用法不同。 例如：This apple is small.Please give me a big one.这个苹果小。请给我一个大的。These books are mine.Those ones are Lily’s.这些书是我的。那些（书）是莉莉的。Where’s my pen?I can’t find it.我的钢笔在哪里？我找不到它了。 . 基数词的用法： 基数词只能修饰可数名词，要注意数词和名词在数上要保持一致。如：一名学生_____________________ 二十个苹果 ______________________ 三十三个鸡蛋___________________ 两名男孩 _______________________【习题】 —How much are these Tshirts? —______.A．It's 20 yuan B．It's 20 yuansC．They are 20 yuan D．They are 20 dollar【习题】 Twelve plus(加) twentyeight is ______.A．forty B．four C．fourteen D．fourty【习题】The road is over ______ metres long.A．six hundred and fiftytwo B．six hundreds and fiftytwoC．six hundred，fiftytwo D．six hundredfifty and two【习题】 —How old is he?—He is ______.A．thirty nine B．thirtynine C．threetynine D．threety nine基数词的用法补充 how much(意思：多少)后接不可数名词，用于提问不可数名词的数量。对物品的价格进行提问。句式：①How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句？（对数量提问）②How much+is/are+物品？（对价格提问）how many(意思：多少)后接可数名词复数，用于提问可数名词的数量。句式：How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？one指代“同名异物”，即指代与前面食物同属一类的事物，并不是指同一个事物。如果指代同类事物中的一些，要用ones。it指代“同名同物”，即指代上文出现过的同一事物。