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2023-2024学年八年级英语下册Unit1《Past and present》综合检测卷（含答案解析）
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2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元综合检测卷Unit1《Past and present》（时间：100分钟，满分：100分）第Ⅰ卷选择题一、单项选择1．Mind-maps help us understand the text better. ________, they can make it easier to write articles.A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Instead2．You’d better ________ as it is getting colder. ________ you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.A．not stay out too long; The momentB．to come back earlier; As soon asC．not to stay out too long; UntilD．come back earlier; Before3．—Have you ________ been to the new park near your home?—Yes. I have ________ been there.A．already; just B．ever; just C．already; ever D．ever; yet4．Which of the following words has a different prefix （前缀）to make it have an opposite （相反的）meaning?A．happy B．possible C．kind D．healthy5．They ________ movies but now they like to watch TV.A．used to watch B．used to watching C．are used to watch D．are used to watching6．Kotaro sato lives on his own is a new netflix animated series（连续剧）talking about a boy who lives ________ but he doesn’t feel ________ with his neighbors help.A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely C．alone；lonely D．lonely；alone7．Though he lives in the forest ________, he doesn’t feel ________.A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone8．I am ________ thirsty, and I need to drink ________ water.A．a little; a bit B．a bit of; a little of C．a little; a bit of D．a bit of; a bit of9．The old man doesn’t feel ________ at home because he enjoys ________ books on his own.A．lonely, reading B．lonely, to read C．alone, reading D．alone, to read10．It’s really a bad habit to listen to music while doing homework. _______ it is never too late for you to give it up.A．Instead B．Anyway C．Finally D．Besides二、完形填空根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。With the development of technology, bicycle sharing comes into people’s lives. In big cities shared bikes like Mobike and ofo ____11____ more and more popular in the past two years. They bring great convenience for people traveling. You can find a bicycle ____12____ at anytime when you want to go out for a cycling. If you have a smart phone, what you do is to find the ____13____ shared bike, scan the QR code (扫描二维码) on the bike through the APP, and enjoy your trip. They can takeyou where the subway and the bus don’t go. And they ____14____ anywhere in public for the next user.____15____, along with its fast development, there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing. Some people damage (毁坏) the QR code on the bike, ____16____use their own locks, which causes trouble to other users. What’s more, kids can open the lock and ride the bicycle ____17____. There’s no doubt that it is very dangerous. ____18____ bicycle sharing brings so many problems, it is really helpful to us as a high-tech product. So we should take a developing opinion about bicycle sharing. On the one hand, everyone should ____19____ public services. On the other hand, our government should regulate (规范) this market ____20____ good use of its advantages.11．A．became B．have become C．become D．has become12．A．somewhere B．nowhere C．anywhere D．everywhere13．A．nearest B．farthest C．nicest D．fastest14．A．must be sold B．can be left C．must be ridden D．can be given15．A．Instead B．Almost C．Anyway D．However16．A．but B．for C．or D．so17．A．easily B．early C．slowly D．luckily18．A．Because B．Although C．When D．As19．A．take after B．take good care of C．take place D．take action20．A．make B．making C．made D．to make三、阅读单选AThis autumn, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona（巴塞罗那）, Spain have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. The program is called “bicibús” or bike bus. It started in September when a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays. Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The Eixample bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The path（路线）it will follow is always planned ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. It starts with just a few students and parents, with more and more joining as it travels along. Instead of riding in bike lanes（车道）or on sidewalks, the bicibús takes over the whole street. With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibús feels like a party. Being able to ride with a lot of kids is fun. Nine-year-old Mada Pitarch says, “The best part of the bicibús is that we ride along, pick up friends and ride together.”It was possible to bike to school in Eixample before, but it wasn’t really safe for kids. One of the roads used by the Eixample bicibús has about 20, 000 cars and motorcycles（摩托车）every day. So, the local（本地的）police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it. Parents are also hoping that the bicibús will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. The bicibús helps cut down on pollution. Barcelona isn’t the first bicibús. There have been bike buses in Madrid and other parts of Spain. But most of them have parents at the back and front instead of police.21．From Paragraph 1, we know that “bicibús” is a kind of ________.A．bike bus B．train C．plane D．ship22．How is the bicibús different from that of other parts of Spain?A．Parents take part in it. B．The police helps keep safe.C．It has the most students. D．It gets a lot of attention.23．Where can we see the passage?A．In a student’s diary. B．In a science book.C．In a travel guide. D．In a newspaper.BLake Baikal in Southern Siberia is the largest, deepest freshwater lake in the world. Every winter when the lake freezes (冻结) over for half the year, 80-year-old Lyubov Morekhodova straps (用带子系好) on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides (滑行) across the ice wherever she needs to go.Lyubov has been using the ice to travel around her faraway home for her whole life. As a child, she skated about 2.5 miles each way to school and back. She once fell through the ice and was luckily saved by her classmates.Now Lyubov lives alone in a small house on the shores of Lake Baikal. Her children and five grandchildren seldom visit her because they live five hours away by car. She has to look on a group of dogs, cows and chickens as her friends. Luckily, she has the ice to help her feel free! “For me, ice means being able to go anywhere and everywhere,” the grandmother said.Every day, she skates half an hour each way to the local village to do her shopping. With temperatures often reaching lows of-40 C, it’s hard for an old woman to live a normal life! But Lyubov says that her daily skates are the secret to her long life span (寿命). “People keep telling me I should slow down, but I just can’t!” She said with a laugh. “I don’t have time to be bored; there’s too much work to do.”根据材料内容选择最佳答案。24．How does Lyubov usually travel?A．She usually travels on foot.B．She usually rides her bike.C．She usually glides across the ice.D．She usually takes a bus.25．Who once saved her life when she fell through the ice as a child?A．Her teachers. B．Her classmates. C．Her parents. D．Her brothers.26．Why do Lyubov’s children seldom visit her?A．Because they don’t like her at all.B．Because they live far away from her.C．Because they don’t have any cars.D．Because they can’t glide across the ice.27．What can we infer from the passage? ①Lyubov is interested in skating a lot.②Lyubov is a woman full of hope for life.③Lyubov’s daily skates are the secret to her long life span.④Lyubov will skate more slowly in the future by following other people’s advice.A．②③④ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．①②③28．What’s the best title of the passage?A．An 80-year-old woman who loves skatingB．An 80-year-old woman who is aloneC．A woman that has too much work to doD．A woman that lives with dogs, cows and chickensCThe carmaker Volvo announced this week that it would only make electric vehicles (车辆) in 2030. Volvo is the second large car company to say it will stop making traditional internal combustion engines (传统内燃机). In January, American carmaker General Motors said it would only make electric vehicles in 2035.Henrik Green is Volvo’s chief technology officer (首席技术官). Green says that one of the main reasons for the move to electric vehicle production is to help Volvo meet (满足) the expectations of their customers. Besides, there is no long-term future for cars with traditional engines. Also, it will be a helpful way to fight against air pollution. As governments try to reduce pollution, more carmakers like Volvo are increasing production of electric vehicles.If you want to buy one of these volvos in about nine years, you will have to make your order online. You will still be able to look at cars at a volvo store now. The Volvo stores, which are known as dealerships (经销商), will remain in place so that customers can look at cars and have them repaired.In making the announcement, Volvo says it also plans to show a new eclectic vehicle. The company hopes that in four years, half of its sales around the world will come from electric vehicles. The other half will come from cars known as hybrid cars. Hybrid cars use mixed power of electric and traditional engines to move the vehicles.Volvo sold about 660,000 cars worldwide last year. Around the world, about 2-and-a-half million electric vehicles were sold last year and analysts (分析家) expect that to increase by 70% in 2021.29．By 2035, ________ will have stopped making traditional internal combustion engines.A．Volvo B．General MotorsC．both Volvo and General Motors D．neither Volvo nor General Motors30．________ reasons for the Volvo's move to electric vehicle production are mentioned.A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five31．What does the word “Hybrid” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A．汽油驱动的 B．电力驱动的C．燃气驱动的 D．混合驱动的32．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A．No more than 4 million electric cars will be sold around the world in 2021.B．You’ll have to place an online order if you want a Volvo electric car in nine years.C．Customers can still have their Volvo cars with traditional engines repaired at present.D．More car makers increase the production of electric cars to fight against air pollution.33．The best title of the passage may be ________.A．Electric vehicles Will Be More PopularB．Volvo Tries to Fight against Air PollutionC．Volvo Will Make Electric Vehicles Only in 2030D．The Sales of Volvo Cars Around the World Will IncreaseDKitty’s family was going to visit her grandparents. Kitty was so excited! It had been months since their last visit. They called a taxi to take them to the airport. “This will save us lots of time,” Dad said. “We won’t have to worry about parking.”However, the streets were crowed with cars, and the taxi slowly made its way to the airport through the traffic. They arrived at the airport very late, got stuck at a checkpoint for a while, and had to run all the way to the gate to catch their plane. Out of breath, they finally reached the gate. The clerk saw them dashup and shook her head sadly. “You checked in too late,” the clerk said, “so we had to give your seats to other people. Now the plane is completely full.” The clerk booked them on another flight, which would leave two hours later. The family was upset, but all they could do was to wait. Mum and Dad were worried now because they were going to be late, and Grandma and Grandpa would have to wait too.After two long hours, the family got an a plane. Kitty was very glad to see her grandparents finally. Grandpa took Kitty’s hand, and they happily chatted and laughed as they went together to pick up the luggage. They waited and waited, but their luggage was nowhere to be seen. Dad asked an airport worker for help, and she looked on her computer for a minute or two. “I’m sorry, but it seems that your luggage didn’t get on your plane,” she said. “It won’t be here for another hour,” After another hour, the family picked up their luggage and left the airport. The sun was setting as they pulled into her grandparents’ driveway. Everyone was hungry and tired.34．Kitty’s family went to the airport by taxi because ________.A．they didn’t have a car B．there was a lot of trafficC．they had heavy luggage D．they wanted to save time35．The underlined word “dash” in Paragraph Two probably means “________”.A．pass the entrance safely B．look for something carefullyC．call someone loudly D．go to some place quickly36．Kitty’s family couldn’t get on the first plane because ________.A．they failed to arrive in time B．the clerk wasn’t quick enoughC．they couldn’t find their tickets D．the plane needed repairs37．What happened to the family’s luggage?A．It was left at home. B．It was put on another plane.C．It was seriously broken. D．It was stolen at the airport.38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．The family went out of the airport in the morning.B．Kitty’s family arrived later than expected.C．It was the first time for Kitty to visit her grandparents.D．The clerk gave them the wrong information about the flight.39．Which is the best title of the passage?A．Visiting GrandparentsB．Kitty’s holiday planC．Kitty’s Experience（经历）at the airportD．Cars and Planes四、阅读还原6选5阅读短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’ t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. ___40___Even so, travel isn’ t difficult. The waterways have always been the best ways to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. ___41___ They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war more than 1,500 years ago, and built homes there. ___42___Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. ___43___ Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. ___44___ Every year, high water hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower.A．Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem.B．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.C．Seawater is everywhere around the city.D．Water pollution is another problem of this city.E．Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters.F．People in Venice move from place to place by boat.第二卷非选择题五、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。Here is the car of the future! This car is very different ____45____ today’s cars; it is silent and clean. Today’s cars have wheels, but this one does not. It ____46____ (move) like a snail, but is much faster than a snail!This car will use electricity instead of gasoline. It will have ____47____ (battery) that can be recharged (充电) very quickly from chargers built into the road. It will also be easy to drive.In fact, you won’t need to drive the car because it will drive ____48____ (it). You will just need to tell the computer: “Go to X” and the car will go there. Also, it will reach your destination (目的地) very quickly, much ____49____ (fast) than today’s cars. It will also be very safe and comfortable.A lot of the technology already exists, ____50____ it is very experimental. Scientists are making new materials for the surfaces of roads. Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will have solar energy panels. They will store energy under ____51____ road and some cars will be able to use it.However, you ____52____ (probable) won’t ever drive a “snail car”, even if you’re under 20 today. This, perhaps, is the car of the year 2100, the car that your grandchildren will maybe drive.Driving will be nice in the ____53____ (22) century! No pollution, no traffic jams, no stress. Scientists have lots of ideas about the cars of the future. It will be _____54_____ (interest) to see what ideas they come up with many years from now.六、用所给单词的正确形式填空55．Do you still remember ______ (exact) what she said?56．Jerry lived in Cairo until quite _________ (recent).57．Do you have any problems ________ (communicate) with that old man?58．The police are keeping working ________ (find) out what caused the big fire.59．—Who ________ (speak) at the meeting this afternoon? —I think Mr Lee is.60．Mr Chen is used to ________ (sit) with his friends under the big tree.61．Look! The shapes (形状) of the clouds _________ (change)! They were like horses just now.七、完成句子62．有一些大而开阔的空地真好。It’s nice _____________________________.63．约翰自从戒烟以来体重已经增加了五公斤。John_____________five kilos since he gave up smoking.64．实际上，很多年前南希和父母出国了。____________，Nancy______________years ago.65．The Internet ____________________(使得交流简单得多).66．在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。It is the parents' job___________________________ at home for their children.八、根据汉语提示填空67．Everyone on the earth should play a part in keeping the ______ (环境) clean.68．The big noise made sleep ________ (不可能的).69．Can you give me some advice about ________（提高）English?70．That’s why he lived a ________ （孤独的）life and locked all his doors so carefully.71．The ________(情况，状况) is becoming worse and worse, so we need to do something.九、话题作文72．书面表达假设你是李华，上个月你回到了家乡，发现变化很大。请根据以下提示写一篇题为“Changes in My Hometown”的短文。提示如下：1．我的家乡过去是个安静的小镇，山清水秀，空气清新。人们骑自行车或步行出行。2．现在我的家乡已变成一个现代化的城镇，已建起座座高楼，处处可见宽阔的马路。我们住的小区门口有许多公交车经过，很多人都已买了私家车，出行很方便。3．但是，家乡的变化也给我们带来了许多麻烦，例如：……4．你的想法是：……Changes in My HometownWhen I returned to my hometown last month, I found it changed a lot.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案1．A【详解】句意：思维导图帮助我们更好地理解文本。此外，它们可以使撰写文章更容易。考查副词辨析。Moreover此外，表递进；However然而，表转折；Otherwise否则，表转折；Instead相反，表转折。结合前句“Mind-maps help us understand the text better.”，思维导图能帮助我们更好地理解文章，再结合后句“they can make it easier to write articles.”，他们能让我们写文章的时候得心应手，可以推出前后句式为递进关系，所以用连词Moreover。故选A。2．A【详解】句意：天气越来越冷，你最好不要在外面待太久。你一到家，就会远离寒冷。考查had better的用法以及连词辨析。had better (not) do sth“做好（不）做某事”，排除BC选项；The moment一……就……；before在……以前。根据“you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.”可知一到家，就会远离寒冷，故选A。3．B【详解】句意：——你去过你家附近的新公园吗？——是的。我刚刚去过那里。考查副词辨析。already已经，用于肯定句；just刚刚；ever曾经；yet尚未，用于否定句和疑问句。第一句是疑问句，第一空不能用already，排除A和C选项。第二句是肯定句，不能用yet，排除D选项，故选B。4．B【详解】句意：下列哪个词有不同的前缀使它有相反的意思？考查单词的派生。happy幸福的，unhappy不幸福的；possible可能的，impossible不可能的；kind善良的，unkind不善良的；healthy健康的，unhealthy不健康的。只有B选项的否定前缀和其他选项否定前缀不一样，故选B。5．A【详解】句意：他们过去常常看电影但是现在他们喜欢看电视。考查used短语辨析。used to do“过去常常做”；be used to do“被用来做”；be used to doing“习惯于做”。根据“but now”可知，是过去常常看。故选A。6．C【详解】句意：《佐藤小太郎的生活》是网飞公司推出的一部新的动画连续剧谈论一个独自生活的男孩在邻居的帮助下没有感到孤单。考查形容词和副词用法。alone“独自的，单独的” 既可以作为形容词也可以用作副词；lonely“孤单的，寂寞的，在孤单中度过的” 是形容词；根据“who lives”可判断是独自居住，填副词；根据“but he doesn’t feel ... with his neighbors help.”可知，在他的朋友帮助下他不感到孤单，填形容词。故选C。7．A【详解】句意：虽然他一个人住在森林里，但他并不感到孤独。考查形容词和副词辨析。alone副词，独自地，单独地；lonely形容词，寂寞的。第一个空表示独自居住，修饰动词lives用副词alone；第二个空表示他不感觉孤独，修饰系动词feel用形容词lonely。故选A。8．C【详解】句意：我有点儿渴，我需要喝点水。考查代词辨析。a little一点，修饰不可数名词，形容词和副词；a bit一点，修饰动词、形容词和副词；a bit of一点，修饰不可数名词。thirty形容词，可用a little或a bit修饰；water不可数名词，可用a little或a bit of修饰。故选C。9．A【详解】句意：这位老人在家并不感到孤独，因为他喜欢自己看书。考查形容词辨析以及非谓语动词。lonely孤单的；alone独自。根据“feel”可知，强调情感上的孤单，应填lonely。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语，故选A。10．B【详解】句意：做作业时听音乐真是个坏习惯。无论如何，放弃永远不会太迟。考查副词辨析。Instead反而；Anyway无论如何；Finally最终；Besides并且。根据“it is never too late for you to give it up”可知，无论怎样，现在放弃做作业时听音乐这个坏习惯还来得及，故选B。11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．D【分析】本文介绍了随着科技的发展，共享单车在给大家带来便利的同时，也带来了一些问题。本文还呼吁大家爱护公共设施，呼吁政府规范市场以更好地使用共享单车。11．句意：在大城市，摩拜和ofo等共享单车在过去两年变得越来越受欢迎。became变成，变得，动词过去式；have become现在完成时结构；become动词原形；has become现在完成时结构；根据时间状语“in the past two years”可知，此处应该用现在完成时，且主语是“shared bikes”，助动词应该用have。故选B。12．句意：当你想出去骑自行车的时候，你可以在任何地方任何时间找到一辆自行车。somewhere在某处；nowhere无处；anywhere任何地方；everywhere每个地方。根据“at anytime when you want to go out for a cycling. ”，可知应该是在任何地方，故选C。13．句意：如果你有智能手机，你要做的就是找到最近的共享单车，通过APP扫描单车上的二维码，享受你的旅程。nearest最近的；farthest最远的；nicest最好的；fastest最快。结合常识可知，应该是找最近的共享单车，故选A。14．句意：它们可以放在公共场所的任何地方，供下一个用户使用。must be sold必须卖；can be left可以留下；must be ridden必须骑；can be given可以给。观察句子，这里They指代共享单车，根据“for the next user.”可知应该是它们可以放在公共场所的任何地方，供下一个用户使用，故选B。15．句意：然而，随着它的快速发展，也有一些问题由自行车共享引起。Instead而不是；Almost几乎；Anyway无论如何；However然而。根据“there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing.”，上文在阐述共享单车的好处，这里在说缺点，可知这表转折，故选D。16．句意：一些人损坏自行车上的二维码，或者使用自己的锁，这给其他用户带来了麻烦。but但是；for为了；or或者；so那么。观察句子，此处列举存在的问题，应该用or“或者”符合语境，故选C。17．句意：更重要的是，孩子们可以轻松地打开锁和骑自行车。easily容易地；early早地；slowly慢地；luckily幸运地。此处仍在讲共享单车存在的问题，就连小孩都能轻易地开锁骑行，这无疑是危险的。故选A。18．句意：虽然共享单车带来了很多问题，但作为一种高科技产品，它确实对我们很有帮助。Because因为；Although尽管；When当……时；As正如。根据“bicycle sharing brings so many problems, it is really helpful to us as a high-tech product.”可知前后句构成转折关系，故选B。19．句意：一方面，每个人都应该照顾好公共设施。take after像；take good care of照顾；take place发生；take action采取行动，根据空后的“public services”可知应该是照顾好公共设施，故选B。20．句意：另一方面，我们的政府应该规范这个市场，充分利用它的优势。make v.制造，制作，动词原形；making现在分词或动名词形式；made过去式或过去分词；to make动词不定式。观察句子，这里应该用不定式to make作目的状语，符合语境，故选D。21．A 22．B 23．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目“bicibús”—西班牙的星期五骑车去上学的新方式以及这种方式可以减少环境污染。21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The program is called “bicibús” or bike bus”可推知，“bicibús”是一种自行车公共汽车，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“ the local（本地的）police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it”和文章最后一段中的“There have been bike…and front instead of police”可知，bicibús的不同之处在于警察帮助保持安全，故选B。23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一个新的项目自行车公共汽车—西班牙的星期五骑车去上学的新方式以及这种方式可以减少环境污染，是一个社会问题，所以最可能在报纸上看到，故选D。24．C 25．B 26．B 27．D 28．A【分析】本文是新闻报道，文章介绍了独自生活在西伯利亚贝加尔湖岸边的80岁的老奶奶Lyubov喜欢滑冰的故事。24．细节理解题。根据“80 year old Lyubov Morekhodova straps on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides across the ice wherever she needs to go”，可知她出行都靠在冰上滑行，故选C。25．细节理解题。根据“She once fell through the ice and was luckily saved by her classmates”，可知当她还是个孩子的时候是同学救了她，故选B。26．细节理解题。根据“Her children and five grandchildren seldom visit her because they live five hours away by car”可知，她的孩子和五个孙子很少去看她是因为孩子们住得很远，故选B。27．推理判断题。根据“As a child, she skated about 2.5 miles each way to school and back.Lyubov”可知对滑冰很感兴趣；根据“But Lyubov says that her daily skates are the secret to her long life span”可知每天都滑冰是她长寿的秘诀；根据“I don’t have time to be bored; there’s too much work to do”可推知她对生活充满希望。所以①②③说法正确，故选D。28．最佳标题。通读全文，结合“Every winter when the lake freezes over for half the year, 80- year- old Lyubov Morekhodova straps on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides across the ice wherever she needs to go”，可知文章介绍了独自生活在西伯利亚贝加尔湖岸边的80岁的老奶奶Lyubov从小喜欢滑冰的故事，“An 80-year-old woman who loves skating”符合文意，故选A。29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C【导语】本文主要介绍了随着技术的进步和环保的考虑，越来越多的汽车制造商如沃尔沃等，正在增加电动汽车的生产，未来电动汽车将占主要地位，本文同时介绍了沃尔沃转向电动汽车的原因。29．细节理解题。根据“Volvo is the second large car company to say it will stop making traditional internal combustion engines (传统内燃机). In January, American carmaker General Motors said it would only make electric vehicles in 2035”可知，到2035年，沃尔沃和通用汽车都将停止生产传统的内燃机，故选C。30．细节理解题。根据“Green says that one of the main reasons for the move to electric vehicle production is to help Volvo meet (满足) the expectations of their customers. Besides, there is no long-term future for cars with traditional engines. Also, it will be a helpful way to fight against air pollution.”可知，本文提到了三点原因，故选B。31．词义猜测题。根据“Hybrid cars use mixed power of electric and traditional engines to move the vehicles”可知，Hybrid cars是使用电力和传统发动机的混合动力来驱动车辆，也就指混合驱动汽车，故选D。32．推理判断题。根据“Around the world, about 2-and-a-half million electric vehicles were sold last year and analysts expect that to increase by 70% in 2021”可知，全球去年共售出约250万辆电动汽车，分析师预计2021年这一数字将增长70%，所以A表述错误，故选A。33．最佳标题题。根据第一段“The carmaker Volvo announced this week that it would only make electric vehicles (车辆) in 2030.”可知，本文围绕“沃尔沃决定进军电动汽车的市场”这一线索展开描述，所以C项“2030年沃尔沃将只生产电动汽车”最适合做标题。故选C。34．D 35．D 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．A【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了Kitty一家乘飞机去看望祖父母，因路上堵车而延误航班的糟糕经历。34．细节理解题。根据“They called a taxi to take them to the airport. ‘This will save us lots of time,’ Dad said.”可知，是为了节省时间，故选D。35．词义猜测题。根据“had to run all the way to the gate to catch their plane. Out of breath, they finally reached the gate.”可知，他们在赶时间，是气喘吁吁跑过来的，dash表达的是“猛冲”；D项“迅速去某地”符合语境，故选D。36．推理判断题。根据机场职员的解释“ ‘You checked in too late,’ the clerk said, ‘so we had to give your seats to other people. Now the plane is completely full.’ ”可知，他们没有及时到达，因此误了航班，故选A。37．推理判断题。根据“I’m sorry, but it seems that your luggage didn’t get on your plane…It won’t be here for another hour.”，可知他们的行李被放在了另一架飞机上。故选B。38．推理判断题。根据故事情节可知，他们没有赶上原定的航班，行李又被放错了飞机，这些都耽误了很长时间，由此推测他们比预计到达的时间晚了很多，B项正确。故选B。39．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Kitty一家去看望祖父母的路上遭遇各种状况的经历，结合文章开头结尾，A项“探望祖父母”最适合做标题，故选A。40．C 41．F 42．A 43．E 44．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了水城威尼斯的水给这个城市带来的好处以及产生的问题。40．根据“It wasn’ t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands.”可知空前句说威尼斯是建在110多个岛屿上，由常识可知岛屿周围都是水。选项C“城市周围到处都是海水”符合语境。故选C。41．根据“The waterways have always been the best ways to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go.”可知空前写的是出行需要依靠水路；由空后句“They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips.”可知他们喜欢在乘船旅行的时候欣赏风景和享受凉爽的夏夜，所以空处应是说人们乘船出行，选项F“威尼斯人乘船从一个地方到另一个地方”符合语境。故选F。42．根据下文“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”可知水给这个城市带来了问题，选项A“水使这个城市与众不同，但它也是一个大问题”符合语境，故选A。43．根据前句“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”提到这个城市在一点一点下降，所以此处与城市下降有关。选项E“现在城市已经下沉了23厘米”符合语境，故选E。44．根据前句“The temperature has risen over the years.”提到这几年气温一直在上升，所以此句应该是说气温上升带来的影响，选项B“这使得北冰洋的冰融化了”符合语境，故选B。45．from 46．moves 47．batteries 48．itself 49．faster 50．but 51．the 52．probably 53．22nd##twenty-second 54．interesting【导语】本文主要介绍了未来的充电汽车将会是什么样的。45．句意：这辆车和现在的车很不一样。be different from“与……不同”，固定短语，故填from。46．句意：它像蜗牛一样移动，但比蜗牛快得多！主语是it，结合“but is much faster than a snail”可知，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式，故填moves。47．句意：它的电池可以通过安装在道路上的充电器快速充电。battery“电池”，可数名词，空前没有限定词，所以空处用名词的复数形式，故填batteries。48．句意：事实上，你不需要驾驶汽车，因为它会自动驾驶。根据“you won’t need to drive the car”可知，应是汽车会自动驾驶，此处用it对应的反身代词itself。故填itself。49．句意：而且，它会很快到达你的目的地，比现在的汽车快多了。它也会非常安全舒适。由“much”和“than”可知，此处用fast的比较级形式faster。故填faster。50．句意：很多技术已经存在，但还处于实验阶段。空前空后是转折关系，所以用but连接，故填but。51．句意：它们将在路面下储存能量，一些汽车将能够使用它。根据“store energy under ...road”及语境可知，此处是特指上文提到的路，所以用定冠词the，故填the。52．句意：然而，你可能永远不会开一辆“蜗牛车”，即使你现在不到20岁。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，所以用probable的副词形式，故填probably。53．句意：在22世纪开车会很好。空处作定语修饰单数名词century，所以用22的序数词22nd/twenty-second，故填22nd/twenty-second。54．句意：看看他们多年后会想出什么主意将会很有趣。be动词后跟形容词，主语是动词不定式，所以用interest对应的形容词interesting。故填interesting。55．exactly【详解】句意：你还确切地记得她说的话吗？exact形容词。空前面的“remember”是动词，此处需用副词修饰。故填exactly。56．recently【详解】句意：杰里在开罗一直住到最近。recent“最近的”，形容词，此处是运用了固定短语until recently“直到最近”，故填recently。57．communicating【详解】句意：你和那位老人在沟通上有什么问题吗？have problems doing sth“做某事有困难”，故填communicating。58．to find【详解】句意：警方正在继续努力找出造成大火的原因。find out“查明”，“The police are keeping working”的目的是“find out what caused the big fire”，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。59．is going to speak【详解】句意：——今天下午谁要在会议上讲话？——我想应该是李先生。根据答句中的“is”和this afternoon可知会议还没开始，因此句子应用一般将来时，可用be going to do表示按计划要发生的事情。疑问词who作主语时，谓语动词be用is。故填is going to speak。60．sitting【详解】句意：陈先生习惯和他的朋友坐在大树下。be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，因此空格处应填动词sit的动名词sitting。故填sitting。61．have changed【详解】句意：看！云的形状变了！它们刚才还像马一样。根据“They were like horses just now.”可知，云的形状现在已经发生了改变，使用现在完成时，主语为名词复数，结构为have done。故填have changed。62．to have some large open spaces【详解】It is nice to do sth表示“做某事是好的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。have有；some一些；large大的；open开阔的；spaces空地。故填to have some large open spaces。63．has put on【详解】since he gave up smoking是由since引导的时间状语从句，因此主句要用现在完成时，结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。put on 增加；穿上。已经增加，用现在完成时；put的过去分词为put。主语是John，为单数，因此助动词用has。故填has put on。64．In fact went abroad with her parents【详解】in fact事实上，实际上，是固定短语，注意第一个字母大写；go abroad出国，句中years ago表示过去，这句话应用一般过去时，故用过去式went abroad；with her parents和父母一起。65．makes communication much easier【详解】句意：因特网使交流更加容易了。空格处所给中文提示为“使得交流简单得多”。根据句子句意，可得英文句子The Internet makes communication much easier，其中makes作使役动词，much修饰形容词easy的比较级easier。故答案为makes communication much easier。66．to provide a clean and comfortable environment【详解】provide意为“提供”，动词；干净而舒服的环境“a clean and comfortable environment”，根据句意，可知it为形式主语，真主语为动词不定式形式“to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境”，故填to provide a clean and comfortable environment。67．environment【详解】句意：地球上的每个人都应该为保持环境的清洁发挥作用。根据汉语提示可知，对应的英文表达是environment，名词，意为“环境”。故填environment。68．impossible【详解】句意：巨大的噪音使人无法入睡。由所给的汉语提示可知，“不可能的”译成：impossible，形容词，作宾补。故填impossible。69．improving【详解】句意：你能给我一些关于提高英语的建议吗？根据汉语提示可知，improve“提高”，介词“about”后跟动名词。故填improving。70．lonely【详解】句意：那就是他如此小心翼翼地锁上所有的门过着孤独生活的原因了。“孤独的”是形容词lonely，作定语修饰名词life。故填lonely。71．situation【详解】句意：情况变得越来越糟糕，所以我们应该去做些什么。situation“情况，状况”，根据is可知，此空应填名词单数形式，故填situation。72．例文Changes in My HometownWhen I returned to my hometown last month, I found it had changed a lot.My hometown used to be a quiet small town. There were green hills and clean water. The air was fresh. People went around by bike or on foot. But now it has become a modern town. There are many tall buildings and you can see wide roads everywhere. Many buses drive past our community every day. And many people have bought their own cars, so it’s easy to travel around. However, the changes in my hometown have also brought us a lot of trouble. For example, the water is not as clean as before. I think we should work together to make our environment much better.【详解】1.题干解读：这是描写“家乡变化”为话题的写作，结合话题内容，要求介绍家乡的变化。2.写作指导：根据内容可能会用到过去时态（used to do 过去常常）和一般现在时。要把家乡过去的状况与现在的变化有条理地表达出来，注意一些常见句式的应用，注意把握时态与人称。还要注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系，最后注意要表达自己的观点和想法。
2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元综合检测卷Unit1《Past and present》（时间：100分钟，满分：100分）第Ⅰ卷选择题一、单项选择1．Mind-maps help us understand the text better. ________, they can make it easier to write articles.A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Instead2．You’d better ________ as it is getting colder. ________ you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.A．not stay out too long; The momentB．to come back earlier; As soon asC．not to stay out too long; UntilD．come back earlier; Before3．—Have you ________ been to the new park near your home?—Yes. I have ________ been there.A．already; just B．ever; just C．already; ever D．ever; yet4．Which of the following words has a different prefix （前缀）to make it have an opposite （相反的）meaning?A．happy B．possible C．kind D．healthy5．They ________ movies but now they like to watch TV.A．used to watch B．used to watching C．are used to watch D．are used to watching6．Kotaro sato lives on his own is a new netflix animated series（连续剧）talking about a boy who lives ________ but he doesn’t feel ________ with his neighbors help.A．alone；alone B．lonely；lonely C．alone；lonely D．lonely；alone7．Though he lives in the forest ________, he doesn’t feel ________.A．alone; lonely B．lonely; alone C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone8．I am ________ thirsty, and I need to drink ________ water.A．a little; a bit B．a bit of; a little of C．a little; a bit of D．a bit of; a bit of9．The old man doesn’t feel ________ at home because he enjoys ________ books on his own.A．lonely, reading B．lonely, to read C．alone, reading D．alone, to read10．It’s really a bad habit to listen to music while doing homework. _______ it is never too late for you to give it up.A．Instead B．Anyway C．Finally D．Besides二、完形填空根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个最佳答案。With the development of technology, bicycle sharing comes into people’s lives. In big cities shared bikes like Mobike and ofo ____11____ more and more popular in the past two years. They bring great convenience for people traveling. You can find a bicycle ____12____ at anytime when you want to go out for a cycling. If you have a smart phone, what you do is to find the ____13____ shared bike, scan the QR code (扫描二维码) on the bike through the APP, and enjoy your trip. They can takeyou where the subway and the bus don’t go. And they ____14____ anywhere in public for the next user.____15____, along with its fast development, there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing. Some people damage (毁坏) the QR code on the bike, ____16____use their own locks, which causes trouble to other users. What’s more, kids can open the lock and ride the bicycle ____17____. There’s no doubt that it is very dangerous. ____18____ bicycle sharing brings so many problems, it is really helpful to us as a high-tech product. So we should take a developing opinion about bicycle sharing. On the one hand, everyone should ____19____ public services. On the other hand, our government should regulate (规范) this market ____20____ good use of its advantages.11．A．became B．have become C．become D．has become12．A．somewhere B．nowhere C．anywhere D．everywhere13．A．nearest B．farthest C．nicest D．fastest14．A．must be sold B．can be left C．must be ridden D．can be given15．A．Instead B．Almost C．Anyway D．However16．A．but B．for C．or D．so17．A．easily B．early C．slowly D．luckily18．A．Because B．Although C．When D．As19．A．take after B．take good care of C．take place D．take action20．A．make B．making C．made D．to make三、阅读单选AThis autumn, children in the Eixample area of Barcelona（巴塞罗那）, Spain have a new way to get to school on Fridays — they ride their bikes. The program is called “bicibús” or bike bus. It started in September when a group of five children began biking to school with their parents on Fridays. Soon the group grew to 150 or more. The Eixample bike bus begins around 8:25 every Friday morning. The path（路线）it will follow is always planned ahead of time, so everyone knows where to join. It starts with just a few students and parents, with more and more joining as it travels along. Instead of riding in bike lanes（车道）or on sidewalks, the bicibús takes over the whole street. With music playing and bike bells ringing, the bicibús feels like a party. Being able to ride with a lot of kids is fun. Nine-year-old Mada Pitarch says, “The best part of the bicibús is that we ride along, pick up friends and ride together.”It was possible to bike to school in Eixample before, but it wasn’t really safe for kids. One of the roads used by the Eixample bicibús has about 20, 000 cars and motorcycles（摩托车）every day. So, the local（本地的）police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it. Parents are also hoping that the bicibús will help change ideas about how people can get around in the city. The bicibús helps cut down on pollution. Barcelona isn’t the first bicibús. There have been bike buses in Madrid and other parts of Spain. But most of them have parents at the back and front instead of police.21．From Paragraph 1, we know that “bicibús” is a kind of ________.A．bike bus B．train C．plane D．ship22．How is the bicibús different from that of other parts of Spain?A．Parents take part in it. B．The police helps keep safe.C．It has the most students. D．It gets a lot of attention.23．Where can we see the passage?A．In a student’s diary. B．In a science book.C．In a travel guide. D．In a newspaper.BLake Baikal in Southern Siberia is the largest, deepest freshwater lake in the world. Every winter when the lake freezes (冻结) over for half the year, 80-year-old Lyubov Morekhodova straps (用带子系好) on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides (滑行) across the ice wherever she needs to go.Lyubov has been using the ice to travel around her faraway home for her whole life. As a child, she skated about 2.5 miles each way to school and back. She once fell through the ice and was luckily saved by her classmates.Now Lyubov lives alone in a small house on the shores of Lake Baikal. Her children and five grandchildren seldom visit her because they live five hours away by car. She has to look on a group of dogs, cows and chickens as her friends. Luckily, she has the ice to help her feel free! “For me, ice means being able to go anywhere and everywhere,” the grandmother said.Every day, she skates half an hour each way to the local village to do her shopping. With temperatures often reaching lows of-40 C, it’s hard for an old woman to live a normal life! But Lyubov says that her daily skates are the secret to her long life span (寿命). “People keep telling me I should slow down, but I just can’t!” She said with a laugh. “I don’t have time to be bored; there’s too much work to do.”根据材料内容选择最佳答案。24．How does Lyubov usually travel?A．She usually travels on foot.B．She usually rides her bike.C．She usually glides across the ice.D．She usually takes a bus.25．Who once saved her life when she fell through the ice as a child?A．Her teachers. B．Her classmates. C．Her parents. D．Her brothers.26．Why do Lyubov’s children seldom visit her?A．Because they don’t like her at all.B．Because they live far away from her.C．Because they don’t have any cars.D．Because they can’t glide across the ice.27．What can we infer from the passage? ①Lyubov is interested in skating a lot.②Lyubov is a woman full of hope for life.③Lyubov’s daily skates are the secret to her long life span.④Lyubov will skate more slowly in the future by following other people’s advice.A．②③④ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．①②③28．What’s the best title of the passage?A．An 80-year-old woman who loves skatingB．An 80-year-old woman who is aloneC．A woman that has too much work to doD．A woman that lives with dogs, cows and chickensCThe carmaker Volvo announced this week that it would only make electric vehicles (车辆) in 2030. Volvo is the second large car company to say it will stop making traditional internal combustion engines (传统内燃机). In January, American carmaker General Motors said it would only make electric vehicles in 2035.Henrik Green is Volvo’s chief technology officer (首席技术官). Green says that one of the main reasons for the move to electric vehicle production is to help Volvo meet (满足) the expectations of their customers. Besides, there is no long-term future for cars with traditional engines. Also, it will be a helpful way to fight against air pollution. As governments try to reduce pollution, more carmakers like Volvo are increasing production of electric vehicles.If you want to buy one of these volvos in about nine years, you will have to make your order online. You will still be able to look at cars at a volvo store now. The Volvo stores, which are known as dealerships (经销商), will remain in place so that customers can look at cars and have them repaired.In making the announcement, Volvo says it also plans to show a new eclectic vehicle. The company hopes that in four years, half of its sales around the world will come from electric vehicles. The other half will come from cars known as hybrid cars. Hybrid cars use mixed power of electric and traditional engines to move the vehicles.Volvo sold about 660,000 cars worldwide last year. Around the world, about 2-and-a-half million electric vehicles were sold last year and analysts (分析家) expect that to increase by 70% in 2021.29．By 2035, ________ will have stopped making traditional internal combustion engines.A．Volvo B．General MotorsC．both Volvo and General Motors D．neither Volvo nor General Motors30．________ reasons for the Volvo's move to electric vehicle production are mentioned.A．Two B．Three C．Four D．Five31．What does the word “Hybrid” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A．汽油驱动的 B．电力驱动的C．燃气驱动的 D．混合驱动的32．Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A．No more than 4 million electric cars will be sold around the world in 2021.B．You’ll have to place an online order if you want a Volvo electric car in nine years.C．Customers can still have their Volvo cars with traditional engines repaired at present.D．More car makers increase the production of electric cars to fight against air pollution.33．The best title of the passage may be ________.A．Electric vehicles Will Be More PopularB．Volvo Tries to Fight against Air PollutionC．Volvo Will Make Electric Vehicles Only in 2030D．The Sales of Volvo Cars Around the World Will IncreaseDKitty’s family was going to visit her grandparents. Kitty was so excited! It had been months since their last visit. They called a taxi to take them to the airport. “This will save us lots of time,” Dad said. “We won’t have to worry about parking.”However, the streets were crowed with cars, and the taxi slowly made its way to the airport through the traffic. They arrived at the airport very late, got stuck at a checkpoint for a while, and had to run all the way to the gate to catch their plane. Out of breath, they finally reached the gate. The clerk saw them dashup and shook her head sadly. “You checked in too late,” the clerk said, “so we had to give your seats to other people. Now the plane is completely full.” The clerk booked them on another flight, which would leave two hours later. The family was upset, but all they could do was to wait. Mum and Dad were worried now because they were going to be late, and Grandma and Grandpa would have to wait too.After two long hours, the family got an a plane. Kitty was very glad to see her grandparents finally. Grandpa took Kitty’s hand, and they happily chatted and laughed as they went together to pick up the luggage. They waited and waited, but their luggage was nowhere to be seen. Dad asked an airport worker for help, and she looked on her computer for a minute or two. “I’m sorry, but it seems that your luggage didn’t get on your plane,” she said. “It won’t be here for another hour,” After another hour, the family picked up their luggage and left the airport. The sun was setting as they pulled into her grandparents’ driveway. Everyone was hungry and tired.34．Kitty’s family went to the airport by taxi because ________.A．they didn’t have a car B．there was a lot of trafficC．they had heavy luggage D．they wanted to save time35．The underlined word “dash” in Paragraph Two probably means “________”.A．pass the entrance safely B．look for something carefullyC．call someone loudly D．go to some place quickly36．Kitty’s family couldn’t get on the first plane because ________.A．they failed to arrive in time B．the clerk wasn’t quick enoughC．they couldn’t find their tickets D．the plane needed repairs37．What happened to the family’s luggage?A．It was left at home. B．It was put on another plane.C．It was seriously broken. D．It was stolen at the airport.38．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A．The family went out of the airport in the morning.B．Kitty’s family arrived later than expected.C．It was the first time for Kitty to visit her grandparents.D．The clerk gave them the wrong information about the flight.39．Which is the best title of the passage?A．Visiting GrandparentsB．Kitty’s holiday planC．Kitty’s Experience（经历）at the airportD．Cars and Planes四、阅读还原6选5阅读短文，并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city. Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn’ t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. ___40___Even so, travel isn’ t difficult. The waterways have always been the best ways to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. ___41___ They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war more than 1,500 years ago, and built homes there. ___42___Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. ___43___ Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. ___44___ Every year, high water hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower.A．Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem.B．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.C．Seawater is everywhere around the city.D．Water pollution is another problem of this city.E．Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters.F．People in Venice move from place to place by boat.第二卷非选择题五、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡相应位置。Here is the car of the future! This car is very different ____45____ today’s cars; it is silent and clean. Today’s cars have wheels, but this one does not. It ____46____ (move) like a snail, but is much faster than a snail!This car will use electricity instead of gasoline. It will have ____47____ (battery) that can be recharged (充电) very quickly from chargers built into the road. It will also be easy to drive.In fact, you won’t need to drive the car because it will drive ____48____ (it). You will just need to tell the computer: “Go to X” and the car will go there. Also, it will reach your destination (目的地) very quickly, much ____49____ (fast) than today’s cars. It will also be very safe and comfortable.A lot of the technology already exists, ____50____ it is very experimental. Scientists are making new materials for the surfaces of roads. Fifty years from now, perhaps sooner, some new roads will have solar energy panels. They will store energy under ____51____ road and some cars will be able to use it.However, you ____52____ (probable) won’t ever drive a “snail car”, even if you’re under 20 today. This, perhaps, is the car of the year 2100, the car that your grandchildren will maybe drive.Driving will be nice in the ____53____ (22) century! No pollution, no traffic jams, no stress. Scientists have lots of ideas about the cars of the future. It will be _____54_____ (interest) to see what ideas they come up with many years from now.六、用所给单词的正确形式填空55．Do you still remember ______ (exact) what she said?56．Jerry lived in Cairo until quite _________ (recent).57．Do you have any problems ________ (communicate) with that old man?58．The police are keeping working ________ (find) out what caused the big fire.59．—Who ________ (speak) at the meeting this afternoon? —I think Mr Lee is.60．Mr Chen is used to ________ (sit) with his friends under the big tree.61．Look! The shapes (形状) of the clouds _________ (change)! They were like horses just now.七、完成句子62．有一些大而开阔的空地真好。It’s nice _____________________________.63．约翰自从戒烟以来体重已经增加了五公斤。John_____________five kilos since he gave up smoking.64．实际上，很多年前南希和父母出国了。____________，Nancy______________years ago.65．The Internet ____________________(使得交流简单得多).66．在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境是家长们的工作。It is the parents' job___________________________ at home for their children.八、根据汉语提示填空67．Everyone on the earth should play a part in keeping the ______ (环境) clean.68．The big noise made sleep ________ (不可能的).69．Can you give me some advice about ________（提高）English?70．That’s why he lived a ________ （孤独的）life and locked all his doors so carefully.71．The ________(情况，状况) is becoming worse and worse, so we need to do something.九、话题作文72．书面表达假设你是李华，上个月你回到了家乡，发现变化很大。请根据以下提示写一篇题为“Changes in My Hometown”的短文。提示如下：1．我的家乡过去是个安静的小镇，山清水秀，空气清新。人们骑自行车或步行出行。2．现在我的家乡已变成一个现代化的城镇，已建起座座高楼，处处可见宽阔的马路。我们住的小区门口有许多公交车经过，很多人都已买了私家车，出行很方便。3．但是，家乡的变化也给我们带来了许多麻烦，例如：……4．你的想法是：……Changes in My HometownWhen I returned to my hometown last month, I found it changed a lot.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案1．A【详解】句意：思维导图帮助我们更好地理解文本。此外，它们可以使撰写文章更容易。考查副词辨析。Moreover此外，表递进；However然而，表转折；Otherwise否则，表转折；Instead相反，表转折。结合前句“Mind-maps help us understand the text better.”，思维导图能帮助我们更好地理解文章，再结合后句“they can make it easier to write articles.”，他们能让我们写文章的时候得心应手，可以推出前后句式为递进关系，所以用连词Moreover。故选A。2．A【详解】句意：天气越来越冷，你最好不要在外面待太久。你一到家，就会远离寒冷。考查had better的用法以及连词辨析。had better (not) do sth“做好（不）做某事”，排除BC选项；The moment一……就……；before在……以前。根据“you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.”可知一到家，就会远离寒冷，故选A。3．B【详解】句意：——你去过你家附近的新公园吗？——是的。我刚刚去过那里。考查副词辨析。already已经，用于肯定句；just刚刚；ever曾经；yet尚未，用于否定句和疑问句。第一句是疑问句，第一空不能用already，排除A和C选项。第二句是肯定句，不能用yet，排除D选项，故选B。4．B【详解】句意：下列哪个词有不同的前缀使它有相反的意思？考查单词的派生。happy幸福的，unhappy不幸福的；possible可能的，impossible不可能的；kind善良的，unkind不善良的；healthy健康的，unhealthy不健康的。只有B选项的否定前缀和其他选项否定前缀不一样，故选B。5．A【详解】句意：他们过去常常看电影但是现在他们喜欢看电视。考查used短语辨析。used to do“过去常常做”；be used to do“被用来做”；be used to doing“习惯于做”。根据“but now”可知，是过去常常看。故选A。6．C【详解】句意：《佐藤小太郎的生活》是网飞公司推出的一部新的动画连续剧谈论一个独自生活的男孩在邻居的帮助下没有感到孤单。考查形容词和副词用法。alone“独自的，单独的” 既可以作为形容词也可以用作副词；lonely“孤单的，寂寞的，在孤单中度过的” 是形容词；根据“who lives”可判断是独自居住，填副词；根据“but he doesn’t feel ... with his neighbors help.”可知，在他的朋友帮助下他不感到孤单，填形容词。故选C。7．A【详解】句意：虽然他一个人住在森林里，但他并不感到孤独。考查形容词和副词辨析。alone副词，独自地，单独地；lonely形容词，寂寞的。第一个空表示独自居住，修饰动词lives用副词alone；第二个空表示他不感觉孤独，修饰系动词feel用形容词lonely。故选A。8．C【详解】句意：我有点儿渴，我需要喝点水。考查代词辨析。a little一点，修饰不可数名词，形容词和副词；a bit一点，修饰动词、形容词和副词；a bit of一点，修饰不可数名词。thirty形容词，可用a little或a bit修饰；water不可数名词，可用a little或a bit of修饰。故选C。9．A【详解】句意：这位老人在家并不感到孤独，因为他喜欢自己看书。考查形容词辨析以及非谓语动词。lonely孤单的；alone独自。根据“feel”可知，强调情感上的孤单，应填lonely。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语，故选A。10．B【详解】句意：做作业时听音乐真是个坏习惯。无论如何，放弃永远不会太迟。考查副词辨析。Instead反而；Anyway无论如何；Finally最终；Besides并且。根据“it is never too late for you to give it up”可知，无论怎样，现在放弃做作业时听音乐这个坏习惯还来得及，故选B。11．B 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．B 20．D【分析】本文介绍了随着科技的发展，共享单车在给大家带来便利的同时，也带来了一些问题。本文还呼吁大家爱护公共设施，呼吁政府规范市场以更好地使用共享单车。11．句意：在大城市，摩拜和ofo等共享单车在过去两年变得越来越受欢迎。became变成，变得，动词过去式；have become现在完成时结构；become动词原形；has become现在完成时结构；根据时间状语“in the past two years”可知，此处应该用现在完成时，且主语是“shared bikes”，助动词应该用have。故选B。12．句意：当你想出去骑自行车的时候，你可以在任何地方任何时间找到一辆自行车。somewhere在某处；nowhere无处；anywhere任何地方；everywhere每个地方。根据“at anytime when you want to go out for a cycling. ”，可知应该是在任何地方，故选C。13．句意：如果你有智能手机，你要做的就是找到最近的共享单车，通过APP扫描单车上的二维码，享受你的旅程。nearest最近的；farthest最远的；nicest最好的；fastest最快。结合常识可知，应该是找最近的共享单车，故选A。14．句意：它们可以放在公共场所的任何地方，供下一个用户使用。must be sold必须卖；can be left可以留下；must be ridden必须骑；can be given可以给。观察句子，这里They指代共享单车，根据“for the next user.”可知应该是它们可以放在公共场所的任何地方，供下一个用户使用，故选B。15．句意：然而，随着它的快速发展，也有一些问题由自行车共享引起。Instead而不是；Almost几乎；Anyway无论如何；However然而。根据“there are some problems caused by bicycle sharing.”，上文在阐述共享单车的好处，这里在说缺点，可知这表转折，故选D。16．句意：一些人损坏自行车上的二维码，或者使用自己的锁，这给其他用户带来了麻烦。but但是；for为了；or或者；so那么。观察句子，此处列举存在的问题，应该用or“或者”符合语境，故选C。17．句意：更重要的是，孩子们可以轻松地打开锁和骑自行车。easily容易地；early早地；slowly慢地；luckily幸运地。此处仍在讲共享单车存在的问题，就连小孩都能轻易地开锁骑行，这无疑是危险的。故选A。18．句意：虽然共享单车带来了很多问题，但作为一种高科技产品，它确实对我们很有帮助。Because因为；Although尽管；When当……时；As正如。根据“bicycle sharing brings so many problems, it is really helpful to us as a high-tech product.”可知前后句构成转折关系，故选B。19．句意：一方面，每个人都应该照顾好公共设施。take after像；take good care of照顾；take place发生；take action采取行动，根据空后的“public services”可知应该是照顾好公共设施，故选B。20．句意：另一方面，我们的政府应该规范这个市场，充分利用它的优势。make v.制造，制作，动词原形；making现在分词或动名词形式；made过去式或过去分词；to make动词不定式。观察句子，这里应该用不定式to make作目的状语，符合语境，故选D。21．A 22．B 23．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目“bicibús”—西班牙的星期五骑车去上学的新方式以及这种方式可以减少环境污染。21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“The program is called “bicibús” or bike bus”可推知，“bicibús”是一种自行车公共汽车，故选A。22．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“ the local（本地的）police are helping stop traffic by riding in front of the bicibús and behind it”和文章最后一段中的“There have been bike…and front instead of police”可知，bicibús的不同之处在于警察帮助保持安全，故选B。23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一个新的项目自行车公共汽车—西班牙的星期五骑车去上学的新方式以及这种方式可以减少环境污染，是一个社会问题，所以最可能在报纸上看到，故选D。24．C 25．B 26．B 27．D 28．A【分析】本文是新闻报道，文章介绍了独自生活在西伯利亚贝加尔湖岸边的80岁的老奶奶Lyubov喜欢滑冰的故事。24．细节理解题。根据“80 year old Lyubov Morekhodova straps on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides across the ice wherever she needs to go”，可知她出行都靠在冰上滑行，故选C。25．细节理解题。根据“She once fell through the ice and was luckily saved by her classmates”，可知当她还是个孩子的时候是同学救了她，故选B。26．细节理解题。根据“Her children and five grandchildren seldom visit her because they live five hours away by car”可知，她的孩子和五个孙子很少去看她是因为孩子们住得很远，故选B。27．推理判断题。根据“As a child, she skated about 2.5 miles each way to school and back.Lyubov”可知对滑冰很感兴趣；根据“But Lyubov says that her daily skates are the secret to her long life span”可知每天都滑冰是她长寿的秘诀；根据“I don’t have time to be bored; there’s too much work to do”可推知她对生活充满希望。所以①②③说法正确，故选D。28．最佳标题。通读全文，结合“Every winter when the lake freezes over for half the year, 80- year- old Lyubov Morekhodova straps on the same ancient skates she’s worn since the 1940s and glides across the ice wherever she needs to go”，可知文章介绍了独自生活在西伯利亚贝加尔湖岸边的80岁的老奶奶Lyubov从小喜欢滑冰的故事，“An 80-year-old woman who loves skating”符合文意，故选A。29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C【导语】本文主要介绍了随着技术的进步和环保的考虑，越来越多的汽车制造商如沃尔沃等，正在增加电动汽车的生产，未来电动汽车将占主要地位，本文同时介绍了沃尔沃转向电动汽车的原因。29．细节理解题。根据“Volvo is the second large car company to say it will stop making traditional internal combustion engines (传统内燃机). In January, American carmaker General Motors said it would only make electric vehicles in 2035”可知，到2035年，沃尔沃和通用汽车都将停止生产传统的内燃机，故选C。30．细节理解题。根据“Green says that one of the main reasons for the move to electric vehicle production is to help Volvo meet (满足) the expectations of their customers. Besides, there is no long-term future for cars with traditional engines. Also, it will be a helpful way to fight against air pollution.”可知，本文提到了三点原因，故选B。31．词义猜测题。根据“Hybrid cars use mixed power of electric and traditional engines to move the vehicles”可知，Hybrid cars是使用电力和传统发动机的混合动力来驱动车辆，也就指混合驱动汽车，故选D。32．推理判断题。根据“Around the world, about 2-and-a-half million electric vehicles were sold last year and analysts expect that to increase by 70% in 2021”可知，全球去年共售出约250万辆电动汽车，分析师预计2021年这一数字将增长70%，所以A表述错误，故选A。33．最佳标题题。根据第一段“The carmaker Volvo announced this week that it would only make electric vehicles (车辆) in 2030.”可知，本文围绕“沃尔沃决定进军电动汽车的市场”这一线索展开描述，所以C项“2030年沃尔沃将只生产电动汽车”最适合做标题。故选C。34．D 35．D 36．A 37．B 38．B 39．A【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了Kitty一家乘飞机去看望祖父母，因路上堵车而延误航班的糟糕经历。34．细节理解题。根据“They called a taxi to take them to the airport. ‘This will save us lots of time,’ Dad said.”可知，是为了节省时间，故选D。35．词义猜测题。根据“had to run all the way to the gate to catch their plane. Out of breath, they finally reached the gate.”可知，他们在赶时间，是气喘吁吁跑过来的，dash表达的是“猛冲”；D项“迅速去某地”符合语境，故选D。36．推理判断题。根据机场职员的解释“ ‘You checked in too late,’ the clerk said, ‘so we had to give your seats to other people. Now the plane is completely full.’ ”可知，他们没有及时到达，因此误了航班，故选A。37．推理判断题。根据“I’m sorry, but it seems that your luggage didn’t get on your plane…It won’t be here for another hour.”，可知他们的行李被放在了另一架飞机上。故选B。38．推理判断题。根据故事情节可知，他们没有赶上原定的航班，行李又被放错了飞机，这些都耽误了很长时间，由此推测他们比预计到达的时间晚了很多，B项正确。故选B。39．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了Kitty一家去看望祖父母的路上遭遇各种状况的经历，结合文章开头结尾，A项“探望祖父母”最适合做标题，故选A。40．C 41．F 42．A 43．E 44．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了水城威尼斯的水给这个城市带来的好处以及产生的问题。40．根据“It wasn’ t built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands.”可知空前句说威尼斯是建在110多个岛屿上，由常识可知岛屿周围都是水。选项C“城市周围到处都是海水”符合语境。故选C。41．根据“The waterways have always been the best ways to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go.”可知空前写的是出行需要依靠水路；由空后句“They like to enjoy the scenery and cool summer nights while taking boat trips.”可知他们喜欢在乘船旅行的时候欣赏风景和享受凉爽的夏夜，所以空处应是说人们乘船出行，选项F“威尼斯人乘船从一个地方到另一个地方”符合语境。故选F。42．根据下文“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”可知水给这个城市带来了问题，选项A“水使这个城市与众不同，但它也是一个大问题”符合语境，故选A。43．根据前句“Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little.”提到这个城市在一点一点下降，所以此处与城市下降有关。选项E“现在城市已经下沉了23厘米”符合语境，故选E。44．根据前句“The temperature has risen over the years.”提到这几年气温一直在上升，所以此句应该是说气温上升带来的影响，选项B“这使得北冰洋的冰融化了”符合语境，故选B。45．from 46．moves 47．batteries 48．itself 49．faster 50．but 51．the 52．probably 53．22nd##twenty-second 54．interesting【导语】本文主要介绍了未来的充电汽车将会是什么样的。45．句意：这辆车和现在的车很不一样。be different from“与……不同”，固定短语，故填from。46．句意：它像蜗牛一样移动，但比蜗牛快得多！主语是it，结合“but is much faster than a snail”可知，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单形式，故填moves。47．句意：它的电池可以通过安装在道路上的充电器快速充电。battery“电池”，可数名词，空前没有限定词，所以空处用名词的复数形式，故填batteries。48．句意：事实上，你不需要驾驶汽车，因为它会自动驾驶。根据“you won’t need to drive the car”可知，应是汽车会自动驾驶，此处用it对应的反身代词itself。故填itself。49．句意：而且，它会很快到达你的目的地，比现在的汽车快多了。它也会非常安全舒适。由“much”和“than”可知，此处用fast的比较级形式faster。故填faster。50．句意：很多技术已经存在，但还处于实验阶段。空前空后是转折关系，所以用but连接，故填but。51．句意：它们将在路面下储存能量，一些汽车将能够使用它。根据“store energy under ...road”及语境可知，此处是特指上文提到的路，所以用定冠词the，故填the。52．句意：然而，你可能永远不会开一辆“蜗牛车”，即使你现在不到20岁。分析句子可知，空处在句中作状语，所以用probable的副词形式，故填probably。53．句意：在22世纪开车会很好。空处作定语修饰单数名词century，所以用22的序数词22nd/twenty-second，故填22nd/twenty-second。54．句意：看看他们多年后会想出什么主意将会很有趣。be动词后跟形容词，主语是动词不定式，所以用interest对应的形容词interesting。故填interesting。55．exactly【详解】句意：你还确切地记得她说的话吗？exact形容词。空前面的“remember”是动词，此处需用副词修饰。故填exactly。56．recently【详解】句意：杰里在开罗一直住到最近。recent“最近的”，形容词，此处是运用了固定短语until recently“直到最近”，故填recently。57．communicating【详解】句意：你和那位老人在沟通上有什么问题吗？have problems doing sth“做某事有困难”，故填communicating。58．to find【详解】句意：警方正在继续努力找出造成大火的原因。find out“查明”，“The police are keeping working”的目的是“find out what caused the big fire”，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。59．is going to speak【详解】句意：——今天下午谁要在会议上讲话？——我想应该是李先生。根据答句中的“is”和this afternoon可知会议还没开始，因此句子应用一般将来时，可用be going to do表示按计划要发生的事情。疑问词who作主语时，谓语动词be用is。故填is going to speak。60．sitting【详解】句意：陈先生习惯和他的朋友坐在大树下。be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，因此空格处应填动词sit的动名词sitting。故填sitting。61．have changed【详解】句意：看！云的形状变了！它们刚才还像马一样。根据“They were like horses just now.”可知，云的形状现在已经发生了改变，使用现在完成时，主语为名词复数，结构为have done。故填have changed。62．to have some large open spaces【详解】It is nice to do sth表示“做某事是好的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。have有；some一些；large大的；open开阔的；spaces空地。故填to have some large open spaces。63．has put on【详解】since he gave up smoking是由since引导的时间状语从句，因此主句要用现在完成时，结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。put on 增加；穿上。已经增加，用现在完成时；put的过去分词为put。主语是John，为单数，因此助动词用has。故填has put on。64．In fact went abroad with her parents【详解】in fact事实上，实际上，是固定短语，注意第一个字母大写；go abroad出国，句中years ago表示过去，这句话应用一般过去时，故用过去式went abroad；with her parents和父母一起。65．makes communication much easier【详解】句意：因特网使交流更加容易了。空格处所给中文提示为“使得交流简单得多”。根据句子句意，可得英文句子The Internet makes communication much easier，其中makes作使役动词，much修饰形容词easy的比较级easier。故答案为makes communication much easier。66．to provide a clean and comfortable environment【详解】provide意为“提供”，动词；干净而舒服的环境“a clean and comfortable environment”，根据句意，可知it为形式主语，真主语为动词不定式形式“to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children在家给孩子们提供一个干净而舒服的环境”，故填to provide a clean and comfortable environment。67．environment【详解】句意：地球上的每个人都应该为保持环境的清洁发挥作用。根据汉语提示可知，对应的英文表达是environment，名词，意为“环境”。故填environment。68．impossible【详解】句意：巨大的噪音使人无法入睡。由所给的汉语提示可知，“不可能的”译成：impossible，形容词，作宾补。故填impossible。69．improving【详解】句意：你能给我一些关于提高英语的建议吗？根据汉语提示可知，improve“提高”，介词“about”后跟动名词。故填improving。70．lonely【详解】句意：那就是他如此小心翼翼地锁上所有的门过着孤独生活的原因了。“孤独的”是形容词lonely，作定语修饰名词life。故填lonely。71．situation【详解】句意：情况变得越来越糟糕，所以我们应该去做些什么。situation“情况，状况”，根据is可知，此空应填名词单数形式，故填situation。72．例文Changes in My HometownWhen I returned to my hometown last month, I found it had changed a lot.My hometown used to be a quiet small town. There were green hills and clean water. The air was fresh. People went around by bike or on foot. But now it has become a modern town. There are many tall buildings and you can see wide roads everywhere. Many buses drive past our community every day. And many people have bought their own cars, so it’s easy to travel around. However, the changes in my hometown have also brought us a lot of trouble. For example, the water is not as clean as before. I think we should work together to make our environment much better.【详解】1.题干解读：这是描写“家乡变化”为话题的写作，结合话题内容，要求介绍家乡的变化。2.写作指导：根据内容可能会用到过去时态（used to do 过去常常）和一般现在时。要把家乡过去的状况与现在的变化有条理地表达出来，注意一些常见句式的应用，注意把握时态与人称。还要注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系，最后注意要表达自己的观点和想法。
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