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最新高考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】 第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练透）
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这是一份最新高考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】 第18讲 阅读理解主旨大意（练透），文件包含第18讲阅读理解主旨大意练透教师版docx、第18讲阅读理解主旨大意练透学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
第18讲 主旨大意题
（模拟精练+真题演练）
根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年湖北华中师大附中模拟预测）
I truly believe we all have a very special purpse in life, regardless f wh we are r where we cme frm. After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging. S when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement lking t hire mre stckbrkers (股票经纪人), with great excitement, I made sme phne calls and arranged t meet with ne f its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve f his tp stckbrkers, I eventually landed the jb.
The first few mnths was a struggle. I lived n very little cmmissin (佣金). Night after night, I left the ffice weary and exhausted, ready t give up, yet smehw returning the next mrning t start anew day. Eventually, all the hard wrk paid ff. In less than fur years, I became ne f the tp sales peple at my branch and increased persnal sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure incme, prmtin and numerus sales awards.
Tward the end f my furth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that smething was missing. I thught lng and hard abut my gals. Then I was reminded f the time when I spke t hundreds f peple, while in cllege as a student leader, and years later, when I wn a “Humrus Speech” champinship. It dawned n me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came ut f the experience with a wnderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did. I knew the extrardinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with culd enable me t make a lasting difference and transfrm ther peple’s lives.
Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker. The beginning f my speaking jurney was surprisingly similar t what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. Hwever, nthing in the wrld cmes clse t the satisfying feeling I get when thusands f peple tell me hw much I have made a difference in their lives by mtivating them t take risks and be the best they culd be.
Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Speaking Makes a Satisfying JbB．Challenge Yur Career Chice
C．Hard Wrk Pays OffD．Dare t Take Risks
（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）
I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast n my rftp n Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit the Twin Twers. Fr mnths afterwards, I shk with anxiety every mrning. Unwilling t medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditatin (冥想) caused panic attacks. Ht yga built muscle but did nthing fr my anxiety. I went t talks by Buddhist mnks and meditatin teachers hping t attain inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical,I came ut calm. Tw decades later,I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.
20．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．PTSD: mre awareness needed
B．SKY: better well-being attained
C．Meditatin: an effective treatment
D．Breath: detailed ways t cnduct
（2023广东深圳外国语学校练习）
McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. The fast-fd giant said that it has already decreased the use f virgin fssil fuel-based plastic in its tys by 30% wrldwide since 2018 after starting the prcess in markets like France, the United Kingdm and Ireland.
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
Murray said children and parents alike have been asking fr mre sustainable tys. In 2019, tw British schl children started a petitin (请愿书) that generated internatinal attentin asking McDnald’s and Burger King t cancel the plastic tys in their children’s meal deals.
Sme tys, like bard game pieces, will be made with plant-derived (植物提取的) r recycled material. Others will have mre significant changes t their appearance. Superheres and mvie characters will be 3-D cututs rather than plastic figurines. The cmpany is als lking int switching frm plastic wrapping t plant-based and certified fiber packaging.
“As yu can imagine, ur entire supply chain has t change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and we’re really just changing the way we d ur Happy Meals.”
McDnald’s chief sustainability fficer Jenny McCllch said the cmpany has already been learning frm feedback in France, the UK and Ireland, where the tys have already rlled ut. The gal is t make sure they are safe and sturdy enugh fr children.
Accrding t McCllch, the mre sustainable tys will begin rlling ut widely in the US by January. The fast-fd giant is als lking fr ways t recycle the ld plastic Happy Meal tys within its restaurants.
136．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Less Use f Plastic Is Required
B．An Ec-friendly Burger Chain Called McDnald’s
C．The Way That McDnald’s Made Happy Meal Tys
D．McDnald’s Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Tys
4.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(监控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin—e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins—fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things?
T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the “mst e-mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激发) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, “Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.”
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts Mre Peple
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks
5.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.
But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “I’ve learned t lve this wrk,” Manlugay acknwledged in an interview. “We didn’t knw paching (偷猎) was illegal and that we shuld nt eat turtle eggs and meat.”
Manlugay carefully mved each egg int a bucket he brught with him, as well as sme sand frm the turtle nests, s as t hand them ver t Castal Underwater Resurce Management Actins(CURMA)— the grup leading the cnservatin prgram n the beaches.
The cnservatin effrt established in 2009 has transfrmed sea turtle pachers int helpers, ffering training t help save thusands f turtles and keep their eggs frm ending up in markets and n plates. “We talked t the pachers, and it turned ut paching was just anther means fr them t earn a living,” explained Carls Tamay, the directr f peratins. “They had n chices.”
Once cllected, the eggs are then reburied in prtected areas t ensure the hatch. Anther frmer pacher, Jessie Cabagbag, wh grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care f ne f the prtected areas nw. “I stpped paching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been ding was illegal and that these species f turtles are endangered,” he explained. Nw, he admits, “I am truly prud. I am happy that I can cntribute t the cnservatin f the turtles.”
What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．Lcal Philippins Search fr Sea Turtle Eggs.
B．Frmer Turtle Egg Pachers Turn int Prtectrs.
C．Sea Turtles are Well Prtected in the Philippines.
D．The Cnservatin Prgram Saves Endangered Turtles.
6.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella lves Amazn bxes. It tears int them while ignring ther delivery bxes. Little Bit, a trtiseshell cat, is similarly cnsumed — but by scks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle f the night and als paws thrugh the pen suitcases f huse guests, wh almst always find themselves missing a sck in the mrning. Pets d sme pretty weird things. But these strange behavirs ften make perfect sense t the pets, said scientists wh study animal behavirs. “These behavirs are nt invented n the spt,” said Carl Siracusa, a prfessr at the University f Pennsylvania Schl f Veterinary Medicine. The pets are ding behavirs that their wild ancestrs did, but they’ve changed them a bit t fit their new lives as pets.
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Cats, n the ther hand, almst always bury their waste. “They are cvering their tracks,” says Mnique Udell, an expert n human-animal interactins wh wrks at Oregn State University. Cats are predatrs, meaning they hunt ther animals fr fd. But ther animals hunt them, t. S they dn’t want t be seen-r smelled. Mikel Delgad, the funder f a Califrnia-based cat behavir cnsulting service, said that many ther cat behavirs, arise frm cats’ wild rigins.
While dgs share many behavirs inherited (继承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”
Which statement summarizes the furth paragraph?
A．Pet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestrs did s.
B．Humans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.
C．Cats are uninterested in keeping a lw tne.
D．Cats have changed a lt after becming pets.
7.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）
Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses AI t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ, ne directr f GTB Rma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.” He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential actin.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．A I-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B．Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views
C．Technlgy Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjyable
D．Frd Develps a System fr the Blind t Drive
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn: with part f mdern sciety’s structured rganizatin and stability nrms (规范) are brken, flexible labr markets and structural unemplyment has emerged, eliminating the sense f jb security f the yung peple in emplyment. Yung peple als face the dilemma f self-actualizatin (自我实现), including the sense f pwerlessness, lst sense f value and lack f self-identity in the prfessin, which frces them t re-find the meaning f wrk.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f flexible labr markets.
B．Reasns fr the emergence f “slash yuth”.
C．Yung peple’s pursuits in their prfessin.
D．Causes f lsing self-identity amng the yuth.
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
Knwn n scial media as The Siux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Indian Reservatin. He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.
Pine Ridge in Suth Dakta cntains sme f the prest cmmunities in the cuntry, and it’s ut f that envirnment that Sherman gt his first jb in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a lcal steakhuse. As he develped a lve f cking, which saw him mve t Minneaplis t study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn’t knw indigenus recipes.
“What were my Lakta ancestrs eating and string away? Hw were they getting ils, salts and fats and things like that?” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview n PBS NewsHur. “S it tk me quite a few years f just researching, but it really became a passin. ”
These years f researching, talking t elders, and cnsulting written material helped him prduce The Siux Chefs Indigenus Kitchen, which in 2018 wn Sherman the James Beard Award fr Best American Ckbk.
After publishing the bk, Sherman pened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneaplis and created the Nrth American Traditinal Indigenus Fd Systems(NATIFS). It is a prfessinal indigenus kitchen and training center that seeks t create an educatinal space fr native chefs t be trained and develp their skills, and recnnect with their cking heritage.
“Part f ur challenge t urselves was t cut ut ingredients that are nt native s we stpped using dairy, wheat flur and cane sugar, ” he said. He cks with lcal ingredients. His chices f meats are the same as thse hunted by his ancestrs — deer, fish, and birds.
“Fr indigenus peple wh went thrugh very strng assimilatin (同化现象), we lst a lt f ur fd culture,” Sherman said. “But we’re at a pint nw where we can reclaim it and develp it fr the next generatin. T be able t share culture thrugh fd will be really healing.”
Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Lcal recipes: chefs trained
B．Lcal recipes: fame achieved
C．Lcal recipes: restaurants refreshed
D．Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved
（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）
When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams, accrding t the research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin.
“The relatinship between human-like shape, human-like behavir and the tendency t attribute (把……归因于) independent thught and intentinal behavir t rbts is yet t be understd,” said study authr Agnieszka Wykwska, PhD, a principal investigatr at the Italian Institute f Technlgy. “As artificial intelligence increasingly becmes a part f ur lives, it is imprtant t understand hw interacting with a rbt that displays human-like behavirs might cause higher likelihd f attributin f intentinal agency t the rbt.”
Acrss three experiments invlving 119 participants, researchers examined hw individuals wuld see a human-like rbt, the iCub, after scializing with it and watching vides tgether. Befre and after interacting with the rbt, participants cmpleted a questinnaire that shwed them pictures f the rbt in different situatins and asked then t chse whether the rbt’s mtivatin in each situatin was mechanical r intentinal.
The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans. “This culd infrm the design f scial rbts f the future,” she said.
What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Human-like rbts can interact with humans
B．Human-like rbts can behave just like humans
C．Artificial intelligence has becme part f ur lives
D．Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states
11.（2023年福建厦门一中模拟测试）
Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think.
Tw researchers frm Harvard Business Schl and Harvard University wanted t test whether remving walls at a real-wrld wrkplace really increases interactins between c-wrkers. “T ur knwledge, n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper. T that end, they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces at the glbal headquarters, and enlisted small grups f emplyees fr tw studies.
Fr eight weeks befre the ffice redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked emplyees’ scial interactins and lcatins. This data was analyzed tgether with email and instant messaging infrmatin frm the cmpany’s servers t measure differences in hw peple were cmmunicating with each ther.
What they fund was a pretty astnishing difference in face-t-face interactins — but nt in the directin yu might think. Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent.
S, instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them, peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd. Accrding t these results, it appears that being frced int a mre pen-plan envirnment can make peple switch frm chatting t thers in persn t sending an email r using instant messaging instead.
As the team ntes, it’s nt autmatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change wrk dynamics in an unexpected way. “That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw — and hw prductively — wrk gets dne,” the researchers cnclude.
What is the main idea f the text?
A．Real-wrld wrkplaces increase emplyees’ interactin.
B．Wrk dynamics dn’t have much effect n wrk efficiency.
C．Mdern wrkspaces change wrkers’ way f cmmunicatin.
D．Open-plan ffices can’t prmte cperatin between c-wrkers.
12.（2023年江苏南通海安中学阶段练习）
Did yu watch the ppular TV series Meet Yurself during yur winter vacatin? In the TV series, the herine Xu Hngdu travels t a village in Yunnan prvince and vlunteers at a lcal cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the shw finds a grwing audience, vlunteer travel—an ld-yet-mdern frm f travel similar t Xu’s type f wrk — has attracted mre attentin.
Vlunteer travel refers t taking a trip where all r part f the purpse f the trip is t participate in an arranged service pprtunity t help thers. These vlunteer trips are usually arranged by church rganizatins, human interest grups r nnprfit rganizatins, and they take frm f equal exchanges. During the trip, vlunteer travelers ften prvide services like teaching, cking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange fr their help, the vlunteers may get free r discunted accmmdatin, meals and laundry, activities, r classes.
Traditinally, the vlunteer activities take place in a freign cuntry. Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.
What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．A new trend f vlunteer trips.B．The future f vlunteer trips.
C．The significance f vlunteer trips.D．Different views n vlunteer trips.
（2023年湖北黄冈中学模拟测试）
AI is cnsidered t be transfrmative fr a wide range f industries, but there’s perhaps n ther field where it prvides mre value than healthcare. Machine-learning prgrams are nw being used in many hspitals t spt cancer and ther diseases and discver new drugs, but there’s still this general impressin that this is all dne in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here t stay and it has already saved thusands f lives.
Researchers at Jhns Hpkins University published tw studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detectin tl fr sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hspitals ver a tw-year perid. During this perid, the AI was able t identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases frm patient recrds and helped dctrs ffer critical care abut tw hurs, n average, earlier than when they didn’t have access t the AI’s warning. Thanks t this system, the patients were 20% less likely t die f sepsis, ptentially saving thusands f lives acrss the U.S. if it is implemented (实施) natinwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI develped at Jhns Hpkins, knwn as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is s imprtant. In the tw years the system had been nline since 2018, during which it mnitred 590,000 patients via their electrnic health recrds, the AI was able t flag nearly 10,000 cases f sepsis. Its accuracy fllwing diagnsis prved t be 38%, which might nt sund like a lt, but earlier systems culdn’t achieve mre than 12%.
What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．The imprtance f sepsis preventin.
B．The difficulty f diagnsing sepsis.
C．The identificatin f septic shck.
D．The treatments fr septic shck.
14.（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）
In habitats acrss the planet, animals peridically drp everything t walk, fly r swim t a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats.B．It talks abut migratin mdels.
C．It cmpares different species.D．It intrduces a tracking technlgy.
15.（2023年浙江高三联考测试）
On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.
What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tweenbts’ ppularity.B．Tweenbts’ inability.
C．The result f the experiment.D．New Yrkers’ nrmal rutines.
用适当的单词填空
（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
31．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
（2022年全国乙卷C篇）
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
31．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
4.（2022年全国甲卷B篇）
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB．Cckats: Independent Learners
C．Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD．Cckats: Skillful Shape-Srters
5.（2022年北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
14．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
（2022年浙江卷1月D篇）
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
（2021年全国甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
（2021年新高考I卷C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
（2021年新高考II卷C篇）
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
（2021年浙江卷6月B篇）
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
第18讲 主旨大意题
（模拟精练+真题演练）
根据文章选择正确的选项
1.（2023年湖北华中师大附中模拟预测）
I truly believe we all have a very special purpse in life, regardless f wh we are r where we cme frm. After ten years f wrking fr a majr Wall Street bank, I wanted t d smething challenging. S when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement lking t hire mre stckbrkers (股票经纪人), with great excitement, I made sme phne calls and arranged t meet with ne f its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve f his tp stckbrkers, I eventually landed the jb.
The first few mnths was a struggle. I lived n very little cmmissin (佣金). Night after night, I left the ffice weary and exhausted, ready t give up, yet smehw returning the next mrning t start anew day. Eventually, all the hard wrk paid ff. In less than fur years, I became ne f the tp sales peple at my branch and increased persnal sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure incme, prmtin and numerus sales awards.
Tward the end f my furth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that smething was missing. I thught lng and hard abut my gals. Then I was reminded f the time when I spke t hundreds f peple, while in cllege as a student leader, and years later, when I wn a “Humrus Speech” champinship. It dawned n me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came ut f the experience with a wnderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did. I knew the extrardinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with culd enable me t make a lasting difference and transfrm ther peple’s lives.
Then I tk anther daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business fr a mre satisfying career as a mtivatinal speaker. The beginning f my speaking jurney was surprisingly similar t what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. Hwever, nthing in the wrld cmes clse t the satisfying feeling I get when thusands f peple tell me hw much I have made a difference in their lives by mtivating them t take risks and be the best they culd be.
Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Speaking Makes a Satisfying JbB．Challenge Yur Career Chice
C．Hard Wrk Pays OffD．Dare t Take Risks
（2023年浙江宁波高三校联考）
I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast n my rftp n Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit the Twin Twers. Fr mnths afterwards, I shk with anxiety every mrning. Unwilling t medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditatin (冥想) caused panic attacks. Ht yga built muscle but did nthing fr my anxiety. I went t talks by Buddhist mnks and meditatin teachers hping t attain inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditatin class, which invlves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different pstures and rhythms. Thugh I went in skeptical,I came ut calm. Tw decades later,I never missed a day f my breathing practice, nt even when I gave birth.
20．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．PTSD: mre awareness needed
B．SKY: better well-being attained
C．Meditatin: an effective treatment
D．Breath: detailed ways t cnduct
（2023广东深圳外国语学校练习）
McDnald’s is prmising t ffer sustainable Happy Meal tys made with dramatically less plastic by the end f 2025. The fast-fd giant said that it has already decreased the use f virgin fssil fuel-based plastic in its tys by 30% wrldwide since 2018 after starting the prcess in markets like France, the United Kingdm and Ireland.
Mre than 100 cuntries wrldwide sell Happy Meals at McDnald’s lcatins. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread cncern abut children’s meals at fast-fd restaurants, the cmpany revamped its ptins t selectins that were lwer in calries, sdium, saturated fat and sugar.
Murray said children and parents alike have been asking fr mre sustainable tys. In 2019, tw British schl children started a petitin (请愿书) that generated internatinal attentin asking McDnald’s and Burger King t cancel the plastic tys in their children’s meal deals.
Sme tys, like bard game pieces, will be made with plant-derived (植物提取的) r recycled material. Others will have mre significant changes t their appearance. Superheres and mvie characters will be 3-D cututs rather than plastic figurines. The cmpany is als lking int switching frm plastic wrapping t plant-based and certified fiber packaging.
“As yu can imagine, ur entire supply chain has t change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and we’re really just changing the way we d ur Happy Meals.”
McDnald’s chief sustainability fficer Jenny McCllch said the cmpany has already been learning frm feedback in France, the UK and Ireland, where the tys have already rlled ut. The gal is t make sure they are safe and sturdy enugh fr children.
Accrding t McCllch, the mre sustainable tys will begin rlling ut widely in the US by January. The fast-fd giant is als lking fr ways t recycle the ld plastic Happy Meal tys within its restaurants.
136．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Less Use f Plastic Is Required
B．An Ec-friendly Burger Chain Called McDnald’s
C．The Way That McDnald’s Made Happy Meal Tys
D．McDnald’s Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Tys
4.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(监控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin—e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins—fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things?
T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the “mst e-mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激发) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, “Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.”
What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide
B．Online News Attracts Mre Peple
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times
D．Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks
5.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Grwing up in the Philippines, cnstructin wrker Jhnny Manlugay cmbs the beaches each night fr the eggs f sea turtles. He knws exactly what t lk fr, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather n hw t lcate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded r ate them. It wasn’t abut getting rich. It was just a part f life.
But Manlugay has since turned ver a new leaf. Nw, he uses his tracking skills t prtect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “I’ve learned t lve this wrk,” Manlugay acknwledged in an interview. “We didn’t knw paching (偷猎) was illegal and that we shuld nt eat turtle eggs and meat.”
Manlugay carefully mved each egg int a bucket he brught with him, as well as sme sand frm the turtle nests, s as t hand them ver t Castal Underwater Resurce Management Actins(CURMA)— the grup leading the cnservatin prgram n the beaches.
The cnservatin effrt established in 2009 has transfrmed sea turtle pachers int helpers, ffering training t help save thusands f turtles and keep their eggs frm ending up in markets and n plates. “We talked t the pachers, and it turned ut paching was just anther means fr them t earn a living,” explained Carls Tamay, the directr f peratins. “They had n chices.”
Once cllected, the eggs are then reburied in prtected areas t ensure the hatch. Anther frmer pacher, Jessie Cabagbag, wh grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care f ne f the prtected areas nw. “I stpped paching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been ding was illegal and that these species f turtles are endangered,” he explained. Nw, he admits, “I am truly prud. I am happy that I can cntribute t the cnservatin f the turtles.”
What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．Lcal Philippins Search fr Sea Turtle Eggs.
B．Frmer Turtle Egg Pachers Turn int Prtectrs.
C．Sea Turtles are Well Prtected in the Philippines.
D．The Cnservatin Prgram Saves Endangered Turtles.
6.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella lves Amazn bxes. It tears int them while ignring ther delivery bxes. Little Bit, a trtiseshell cat, is similarly cnsumed — but by scks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle f the night and als paws thrugh the pen suitcases f huse guests, wh almst always find themselves missing a sck in the mrning. Pets d sme pretty weird things. But these strange behavirs ften make perfect sense t the pets, said scientists wh study animal behavirs. “These behavirs are nt invented n the spt,” said Carl Siracusa, a prfessr at the University f Pennsylvania Schl f Veterinary Medicine. The pets are ding behavirs that their wild ancestrs did, but they’ve changed them a bit t fit their new lives as pets.
Dgs can be trained t rll ver and play dead. But their ancient instincts frm their wlf ancestrs are still there. Instincts, r instinctive behavirs, are behavirs that are dne withut thinking. They dn’t have t be learned. Fr example, sme dgs will scratch the grund after pping(排便). But they’re nt trying t bury their pp. They want ther animals t ntice it. “They are depsiting smell in thse areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almst like drawing a picture with a big red marker arund it,” he added.
Cats, n the ther hand, almst always bury their waste. “They are cvering their tracks,” says Mnique Udell, an expert n human-animal interactins wh wrks at Oregn State University. Cats are predatrs, meaning they hunt ther animals fr fd. But ther animals hunt them, t. S they dn’t want t be seen-r smelled. Mikel Delgad, the funder f a Califrnia-based cat behavir cnsulting service, said that many ther cat behavirs, arise frm cats’ wild rigins.
While dgs share many behavirs inherited (继承) frm wlves, they’ve als develped a few f their wn. “Puppy dg eyes”, the inncent lk that many humans are helpless t resist, is ne. Over the time perid that they’ve lived with peple, dgs have develped certain muscles arund their eyes. This helps them make the adrable expressins that win ver humans. Like wlves, dgs als like t lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are nt. “It’s hw wlf puppies get fd frm their parents’ muths,” Siracusa said. “It als can be a sign f submissin. When a lwer-ranking individual appraches a higher-ranking ne, it gets dwn real lw and licks the dminant ne t say: ‘I’m nt a threat t yu.’”
Which statement summarizes the furth paragraph?
A．Pet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestrs did s.
B．Humans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.
C．Cats are uninterested in keeping a lw tne.
D．Cats have changed a lt after becming pets.
7.（2023年湖南师大附中一模）
Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject—t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers away t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses AI t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ, ne directr f GTB Rma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.” He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential actin.
Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．A I-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B．Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views
C．Technlgy Makes the Blind’s Trip Enjyable
D．Frd Develps a System fr the Blind t Drive
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
A study n “slash yuth” published in the China Yuth Research magazine analyzes the backgrund f this phenmenn: with part f mdern sciety’s structured rganizatin and stability nrms (规范) are brken, flexible labr markets and structural unemplyment has emerged, eliminating the sense f jb security f the yung peple in emplyment. Yung peple als face the dilemma f self-actualizatin (自我实现), including the sense f pwerlessness, lst sense f value and lack f self-identity in the prfessin, which frces them t re-find the meaning f wrk.
What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f flexible labr markets.
B．Reasns fr the emergence f “slash yuth”.
C．Yung peple’s pursuits in their prfessin.
D．Causes f lsing self-identity amng the yuth.
（2023年湖南长沙雅礼中学二模）
Knwn n scial media as The Siux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up n the Pine Ridge Indian Reservatin. He is recnnecting the lcals f Nrth America with native flavrs and ingredients, and wrking t inspire a generatin f indigenus (本土的) chefs t reclaim their cking past.
Pine Ridge in Suth Dakta cntains sme f the prest cmmunities in the cuntry, and it’s ut f that envirnment that Sherman gt his first jb in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a lcal steakhuse. As he develped a lve f cking, which saw him mve t Minneaplis t study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn’t knw indigenus recipes.
“What were my Lakta ancestrs eating and string away? Hw were they getting ils, salts and fats and things like that?” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview n PBS NewsHur. “S it tk me quite a few years f just researching, but it really became a passin. ”
These years f researching, talking t elders, and cnsulting written material helped him prduce The Siux Chefs Indigenus Kitchen, which in 2018 wn Sherman the James Beard Award fr Best American Ckbk.
After publishing the bk, Sherman pened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneaplis and created the Nrth American Traditinal Indigenus Fd Systems(NATIFS). It is a prfessinal indigenus kitchen and training center that seeks t create an educatinal space fr native chefs t be trained and develp their skills, and recnnect with their cking heritage.
“Part f ur challenge t urselves was t cut ut ingredients that are nt native s we stpped using dairy, wheat flur and cane sugar, ” he said. He cks with lcal ingredients. His chices f meats are the same as thse hunted by his ancestrs — deer, fish, and birds.
“Fr indigenus peple wh went thrugh very strng assimilatin (同化现象), we lst a lt f ur fd culture,” Sherman said. “But we’re at a pint nw where we can reclaim it and develp it fr the next generatin. T be able t share culture thrugh fd will be really healing.”
Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Lcal recipes: chefs trained
B．Lcal recipes: fame achieved
C．Lcal recipes: restaurants refreshed
D．Lcal recipes: fd culture preserved
（2023年福建福州高中模拟预测）
When rbts appear t engage with peple and display human-like emtins, peple may think f them as capable f “thinking”, r acting n their wn beliefs and desires rather than their prgrams, accrding t the research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin.
“The relatinship between human-like shape, human-like behavir and the tendency t attribute (把……归因于) independent thught and intentinal behavir t rbts is yet t be understd,” said study authr Agnieszka Wykwska, PhD, a principal investigatr at the Italian Institute f Technlgy. “As artificial intelligence increasingly becmes a part f ur lives, it is imprtant t understand hw interacting with a rbt that displays human-like behavirs might cause higher likelihd f attributin f intentinal agency t the rbt.”
Acrss three experiments invlving 119 participants, researchers examined hw individuals wuld see a human-like rbt, the iCub, after scializing with it and watching vides tgether. Befre and after interacting with the rbt, participants cmpleted a questinnaire that shwed them pictures f the rbt in different situatins and asked then t chse whether the rbt’s mtivatin in each situatin was mechanical r intentinal.
The researchers fund that participants wh watched vides with the human-like rbt were mre likely t rate the rbt’s actins as intentinal, rather than prgrammed, while thse wh nly interacted with the machine-like rbt were nt. This shws that mere expsure t a human-like rbt is nt enugh t make peple believe it is capable f thughts and emtins. It is human-like behavir that might be crucial fr being deemed as an intentinal agent.
Accrding t Wykwska, these findings shw that peple might be mre likely t believe artificial intelligence is capable f independent thught when it creates the impressin that it can behave just like humans. “This culd infrm the design f scial rbts f the future,” she said.
What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Human-like rbts can interact with humans
B．Human-like rbts can behave just like humans
C．Artificial intelligence has becme part f ur lives
D．Human-like rbts may be believed t have mental states
11.（2023年福建厦门一中模拟测试）
Fr the first time, scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice, and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think.
Tw researchers frm Harvard Business Schl and Harvard University wanted t test whether remving walls at a real-wrld wrkplace really increases interactins between c-wrkers. “T ur knwledge, n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment,” Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper. T that end, they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces at the glbal headquarters, and enlisted small grups f emplyees fr tw studies.
Fr eight weeks befre the ffice redesign and eight weeks afterward, the researchers tracked emplyees’ scial interactins and lcatins. This data was analyzed tgether with email and instant messaging infrmatin frm the cmpany’s servers t measure differences in hw peple were cmmunicating with each ther.
What they fund was a pretty astnishing difference in face-t-face interactins — but nt in the directin yu might think. Acrss bth experiments, emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent, while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent.
S, instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them, peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd. Accrding t these results, it appears that being frced int a mre pen-plan envirnment can make peple switch frm chatting t thers in persn t sending an email r using instant messaging instead.
As the team ntes, it’s nt autmatically a bad thing, but it can certainly change wrk dynamics in an unexpected way. “That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw — and hw prductively — wrk gets dne,” the researchers cnclude.
What is the main idea f the text?
A．Real-wrld wrkplaces increase emplyees’ interactin.
B．Wrk dynamics dn’t have much effect n wrk efficiency.
C．Mdern wrkspaces change wrkers’ way f cmmunicatin.
D．Open-plan ffices can’t prmte cperatin between c-wrkers.
12.（2023年江苏南通海安中学阶段练习）
Did yu watch the ppular TV series Meet Yurself during yur winter vacatin? In the TV series, the herine Xu Hngdu travels t a village in Yunnan prvince and vlunteers at a lcal cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the shw finds a grwing audience, vlunteer travel—an ld-yet-mdern frm f travel similar t Xu’s type f wrk — has attracted mre attentin.
Vlunteer travel refers t taking a trip where all r part f the purpse f the trip is t participate in an arranged service pprtunity t help thers. These vlunteer trips are usually arranged by church rganizatins, human interest grups r nnprfit rganizatins, and they take frm f equal exchanges. During the trip, vlunteer travelers ften prvide services like teaching, cking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange fr their help, the vlunteers may get free r discunted accmmdatin, meals and laundry, activities, r classes.
Traditinally, the vlunteer activities take place in a freign cuntry. Hwever, just as what Meet Yurself describes, mre vlunteer trips have taken place within the same cuntries r regins the vlunteers riginate frm in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine cmmented that vlunteer prjects in rural areas are nw attracting mre urban visitrs as a break frm the fast and stressful pace f urban living. Yang Yan, a funder f a vlunteer platfrm, tld the magazine that it has indeed been a grwing trend fr urban residents t vlunteer in rural areas.
What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．A new trend f vlunteer trips.B．The future f vlunteer trips.
C．The significance f vlunteer trips.D．Different views n vlunteer trips.
（2023年湖北黄冈中学模拟测试）
AI is cnsidered t be transfrmative fr a wide range f industries, but there’s perhaps n ther field where it prvides mre value than healthcare. Machine-learning prgrams are nw being used in many hspitals t spt cancer and ther diseases and discver new drugs, but there’s still this general impressin that this is all dne in a small way and the impacts are still minimal. AI is already here t stay and it has already saved thusands f lives.
Researchers at Jhns Hpkins University published tw studies in July 2022 describing a machine-learning-based early detectin tl fr sepsis (败血症) that was used at five hspitals ver a tw-year perid. During this perid, the AI was able t identify nearly 10,000 sepsis cases frm patient recrds and helped dctrs ffer critical care abut tw hurs, n average, earlier than when they didn’t have access t the AI’s warning. Thanks t this system, the patients were 20% less likely t die f sepsis, ptentially saving thusands f lives acrss the U.S. if it is implemented (实施) natinwide.
Once sepsis sets in, the patient usually suffers fever, a rapid heart rate, and difficult breathing. When treating sepsis, time is f critical imprtance. Hwever, sepsis is nt always apparent, s there are naturally sme delayed diagnses. But if the cnditin is nt diagnsed in time, it can prgress int septic shck, causing a significant drp in bld pressure, rgan failure, and ther serius cnsequences. Even with treatment, in sme cases, there is nthing dctrs can d t save the patient’s life, which is why preventin is the name f the game with sepsis.
This is why the AI develped at Jhns Hpkins, knwn as the Targeted Real-time Early Warning System, is s imprtant. In the tw years the system had been nline since 2018, during which it mnitred 590,000 patients via their electrnic health recrds, the AI was able t flag nearly 10,000 cases f sepsis. Its accuracy fllwing diagnsis prved t be 38%, which might nt sund like a lt, but earlier systems culdn’t achieve mre than 12%.
What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．The imprtance f sepsis preventin.
B．The difficulty f diagnsing sepsis.
C．The identificatin f septic shck.
D．The treatments fr septic shck.
14.（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）
In habitats acrss the planet, animals peridically drp everything t walk, fly r swim t a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migratin paths by fllwing their parents. Others, including small sngbirds, gain the distance and directin f their migratin within their genetic cde. And sme animals use a cmbinatin f genetics and culture t guide their migratin.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats.B．It talks abut migratin mdels.
C．It cmpares different species.D．It intrduces a tracking technlgy.
15.（2023年浙江高三联考测试）
On a daily basis, peple in New Yrk City are ften in a hurry t get arund. Hwever, the Tweenbts, thrugh their inability t lk after themselves, tk peple ut f their nrmal rutines. The peple wh nticed the helpless little rbts were actually interested in helping the Tweenbts find their way hme. Tweenbts mve at a cnstant speed and can nly g in a straight line. If ne was t get stuck, r was ging in the wrng directin, it wuld be up t strangers t free it r turn it in the right directin. Surprisingly, n Tweenbt was lst r damaged, and each ne arrived at its target in gd cnditin. In fact, mst peple treated the rbt in a gentle manner, and sme even treated it as thugh it were a small living being.
What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tweenbts’ ppularity.B．Tweenbts’ inability.
C．The result f the experiment.D．New Yrkers’ nrmal rutines.
用适当的单词填空
（2023年全国乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
（2022年新课标II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
31．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
（2022年全国乙卷C篇）
Can a small grup f drnes (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t make sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
31．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
4.（2022年全国甲卷B篇）
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
27．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB．Cckats: Independent Learners
C．Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD．Cckats: Skillful Shape-Srters
5.（2022年北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
14．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
（2022年浙江卷1月D篇）
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list. New researchers fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia in later life, and as they did, it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia. "
Fr the study, 191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted t measure their peak （最大值的） cardivascular capacity. The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level, r 120 watts r higher. A ttal f 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; and 59 wmen were in the lw fitness categry, defined as a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less, r having their exercise tests stpped because f high bld pressure, chest pain r ther cardivascular prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades. During that time, 44 f the wmen develped dementia. Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia, cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever, this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant. " She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied, all f whm were frm Sweden, s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Mre Wmen Are Exercising t Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Wmen Need t D Mre Exercise
C．Fit Wmen Are Less Likely t Develp Dementia
D．Biking Imprves Wmen's Cardivascular Fitness
（2021年全国甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
（2021年新高考I卷C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A The Federal Duck Stamp StryB. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
（2021年新高考II卷C篇）
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
（2021年浙江卷6月B篇）
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parts less than 10 minutes’ walk frm hme where neighbrhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr frm Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wrld Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be n habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.”
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Let Children Have FunB. Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C. Market Nature t ChildrenD. David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
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