中考英语分项汇编阅读理解之议论文阅读练习（含答案解析）

这是一份中考英语分项汇编阅读理解之议论文阅读练习（含答案解析），共17页。
Yu have tried t hard but yu dn’t succeed; yu’ve made all yur effrts but yu dn’t get the results yu want. What shuld yu d? Give up and turn ver a new page. Drp it like it’s ht, and run in the ppsite directin as fast as yu can.
D yu feel surprised? What is wrng with giving up? Oh yes, we all have been trained and asked t wrk hard t achieve ur dreams, and that is a gd thing. The prblem cmes ut when all these inspiratinal qutes (励志名言) start cnfusing us.
These messages tell peple nt t give up, but they dn’t tell yu that it shuld nly apply t (适用于) yur true dreams. They tell peple t “try and try again” until they succeed, but that amunt f effrt shuld nly be put tward what peple really want in life and they shuld never give up n matter what life gals they have. The rest is all just there t cnfuse yu, distract (使分心) yu, give yu a headache and sadness, s dn’t let it happen.
If yu are really nt gd at smething, give it up and try t d smething yu like. Once yu d smething yu like, yu wn’t feel bred and als wn’t give it up. Yu knw clearly what yu want even the rad t success is hard. S yu need t knw what yu’re gd at. T find yur talent, yu need t bserve (观察) the things arund yu and write dwn the things yu’re interested in n yur ntebk. Then yu can search them n the Internet and knw mre abut them. Asking yur parents r friends fr help is als a gd idea because they can see smething yu can’t. They can help yu knw yurself clearly.
Try t discver yur talent, yur ability and yur skills. Find ut what yu are gd at, what makes yu happy and then wrk n it. If yu d, n ne wuld have t tell yu r inspire yu nt t give up because when yu lve smething, yu keep trying until yu get it right and the enthusiasm flws frm within. Dn’t wrry abut what peple will say r think. It’s yur life, s yu have t lve it and be yur wn bss.
1．Inspiratinal qutes are suitable fr thse wh ________.
A．are successfulB．have n life galsC．have true dreamsD．never give up
2．Once yu find smething yu like, yu wn’t ________.
A．achieve yur dreamsB．feel bred r give up
C．knw yurself clearlyD．cntinue it
3．Yu can discver yur talent thrugh sme ways except ________.
A．bserving the things arund yu.B．searching things n the Internet
C．writing dwn the things yu’re interested inD．asking yur teachers fr help
4．The underlined wrd “enthusiasm” in the passage means ________.
A．happinessB．curisityC．abilityD．sadness
02
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
5．Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A．Its variety.B．Its distributin.C．Its quantity.D．Its develpment.
6．Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B．They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D．Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
7．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B．Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C．A further explanatin f the research methds.
D．A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
8．What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A．It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B．It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C．It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D．It drives the evlutin f human beings.
03
Befre we uplad a pht f urselves t scial media, like WeChat, we’ll use an app t smth ur skin, make ur eyes lk bigger, and give us lnger eyelashes and fuller lips. With a cuple f tuches n ur mbile phne, we’re able t present the best pictures f urselves t thers.
Hwever, the prblem is, when we simply edit ur imperfectins(瑕疵) away, we’re als changing the way we lk at ur urselves. 1
Last mnth, researchers frm the US Bstn University published an article Selfies﹣Living in the Era f Filtered (滤镜) Phtgraphs. The article listed the bad effects f pht editing n peple and the pssibility t cause appearance wrries. 2
The researchers think that these apps make it difficult t tell between reality and fantasy(虚幻). “These apps allw ne t change his r her appearance in minutes and fllw an unrealistic standard f beauty,” the article says. 3
In the past, peple might cmpare their lks t thse wh were famus that time. But fr tday’s yung peple, beauty standards are mst likely set by what they see n scial media. “Frm birth, they are brn int an age f scial platfrms, and their feelings are cnnected t hw gd they lk,” a British dctr Esch said.
4 “Nw yu’ve gt the cmparisn f yur real self t fake self that yu present n scial media,” Renee Engeln, a prfessr at Nrthwestern University, tld the HuffPst website. He further pinted ut that when peple spend t much time cmparing with thers, they may becme “beauty sick” and find it difficult t accept what they actually lk like.
S when we lk in a real mirrr, we shuldn’t think t urselves, “D I lk as gd as myself in the Beauty Cam(美颜)?” Instead, we shuld think, “I feel gd, I have my health.”
9．What may peple d befre they present the best f themselves n scial media?
A．Wearing false eyelashes.B．Redding their lips befre ging ut.
C．Using apps t edit phts.D．Smthing their skin in the mrning.
10．Where shuld we put the sentence “This is why many yung peple suffer an appearance wrries when it cmes t hw they really lk.”?
A．(4)B．(3)C．(2)D．(1)
11．Which f the fllwing is right accrding t the passage?
A．Everybdy lks as gd as himself in the Beauty Cam.
B．These apps make it easy t tell between reality and fantasy.
C．The article listed the bad and gd effects f pht editing n peple.
D．Peple tday pay mre attentin n hw gd they lk than in the past.
12．What did the authr write this passage fr?
A．T call n peple t care mre abut appearance.
B．T call n peple nt t use apps n mbile phnes.
C．T call n peple t spend t much time cmparing with thers.
D．T call n peple t learn smething mre imprtant than appearance.
04
Tday, ur children spend mre and mre time nline. Many children spend a lt f their free time playing games n the Internet, n vide game systems r n their mbile phnes. In the UK, 99% f teen kids aged 8 t 15 play vide games every week, and children as yung as five play vide games regularly (有规律地). This infrmatin tells that the advantages and dangers f vide games must be carefully cnsidered.
Fr many peple, ________ They have bright lights, funny cartns and exciting stries. Vide games als make yu think in a creative way and yu have t mve yur hands and eyes quickly. This can imprve the way that a child’s brain wrks. Vide games als make children use their imaginatin (想象力). The player has t d many creative things, like drawing and building things. Vide games are als a gd way t teach children abut technlgy because they can learn hw cmputers and ther devices (设备) wrk while they play.
Hwever, a recent study suggests that vide games can als be bad fr children. First, children can dwnlad (下载) many games fr free. They dn’t need mney, s they dn’t need t ask their parents if they can dwnlad the games. This means that parents ften dn’t knw if their children are playing vilent (暴力的) r scary games. Secnd, many children spend t much time playing games n cmputers, smartphnes and iPads and this can lead t health prblems – children wh spend t much time n the cmputer and dn’t exercise can becme verweight. Third, if children spend t much time playing games instead f ding hmewrk, they can have prblems at schl and get bad grades. Finally, vide games can affect children’s scial skills, they might nt learn hw t play with their friends.
In cnclusin, it seems clear that vide games have sme advantages and disadvantages. On the ne hand, they are fun and educatinal. On the ther hand, they can cause prblems with children’s health and scial skills.It is up t parents t knw what games their children are playing and hw much time they spend n them. Parents shuld als make sure their children get enugh exercise and spend time with ther children.
13．What des Paragraph 1 really want t tell us?
A．Many children have fun playing vide games recently.
B．Children at a very yung age play vide games regularly.
C．Playing vide games has s many dangers that we dn’t knw.
D．The advantages and dangers f vide games must be fully cnsidered.
14．Which f the fllwing wuld be mst suitable fr _________ in Paragraph 2?
A．vide games may hurt their eyes.
B．vide games can cst lts f mney.
C．vide games are fun and educatinal.
D．vide games are as imprtant as their lives.
15．Which is ne f the disadvantages f vide games?
A．Playing games t much may make children lazy and sleepy.
B．Sme imprper games may be dwnladed by children fr free.
C．Playing games may lead children t make t many friends nline.
D．Vide games can make the relatinship between children and parents wrse.
16．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect.B．All rads lead t Rme.
C．Every cin has tw sides.D．Reading makes a full man.
05
We feel angry r guilty abut the things we did r did nt achieve, abut the things we can nt have, and many ther things. It seems that everyne carries their wn bad emtins(情绪). But neither guilt nr anger can help us. Over time, they can be heavy weights n ur shulders.
These bad emtins dn’ t d anything gd fr us at all. S yu might ask yurself — is it pssible t put dwn this heavy burden (负担) and give yurself a break? It is quite pssible. Start by actually lking at yur feelings. Hw d they get inside f us? Why d we carry them fr s lng instead f putting them dwn? Can we live withut them?
By thinking abut ur bad emtins, we can find healthy ways t deal with them. Unhealthy behavirs are nt the way t d this. They prvide n relief. Instead, there are better ways t handle them. One f the best ways is frgiveness.
Frgiveness is a pwerful tl. We shuld frgive urselves first. We shuldn’ t keep bad emtins inside. We must als frgive thers wh have made us guilty r angry. This is nt always easy. But when we learn t frgive urselves, it becmes easier t frgive thers as well.
There is nthing gd abut carrying years f emtinal burdens. By frgiving urselves and thers, we can abandn ur burdens and feel better abut urselves. The mment yu d this, yu will start t feel a lt lighter. Years f heaviness will be magically lifted! Yu’ ll start t feel like yu have mre energy and yu’ ll be much happier with yur life.
17．What is the first step t remving the burden f bad emtins?
A．Asking thers sme questins.B．Studying yur emtins.
C．Trying t live withut them.D．Finding ways t deal with them.
18．What is ne way t deal with bad emtins?
A．Keeping bad emtins inside.
B．Frgetting the past.
C．Frgiving urselves and thers.
D．Finding gd emtins t replace them.
19．What des the underlined wrd “abandn” in the last paragraph mean?
A．put awayB．carry nC．stay withD．leave behind
20．What is the stry mainly abut?
A．Hw t becme an energetic persn.
B．Hw t deal with bad emtins.
C．Why we shuld frget abut frgiveness.
D．What we shuld d t frgive ur wn mistakes.
06
Califrnia’s Silicn Valley shapes ur lives. Until recently, that is. The rise f TikTk has hit the heart f Silicn Valley’s supremacy(最高地位). Alng with ther digital prducts cming ut f China, TikTk has the pssibility t reshape the future f technlgy.
It’s hard t verstate just hw much f a switch(转变) this is. And Chinese apps, platfrms and services currently lk quite different frm thse in the West.
Already, the way Chinese-launched apps interact with users, and the services they ffer within the apps, are influencing Western platfrms.
In China, peple d a lt f ecmmerce(电子商务) and business thrugh their apps. Frm shpping nline t hailing taxis, scializing with friends and meeting up with strangers, everything yu can d within ne app. Western cmpanies are taking nte. Platfrms like Facebk have begun t bring varius features and services under a single umbrella.
Anther way in which Chinese scial media platfrms are influencing Western nes is in hw they present and filter(过滤) infrmatin. Facebk and Twitter recmmend psts based n what yur friends are psting and sharing n yur news feed. TikTk and ther Chinese apps like it try t learn as much as it can abut yu, and then direct cntent t yu they think yu’ll like.
Under the Chinese mdel f algrithmic(算法的) explratin and recmmendatin, users are less behlden(有责任的) t the persnal cntent creatrs they fllw. On YuTube, big persnalities have becme celebrities because f their ability t build a lyal fanbase(粉丝园). But n TikTk, anyne can becme a star vernight because f a single vide that prves ppular with the app’s algrithm. That fame can disappear almst as quickly when the next big vide is surfaced thrugh the app’s cde.
Given hw ppular that strategy has been, it culd signal a brader change amng ther scial media platfrms, as well. If Chinese cmpanies cntinue t play an increasing influential rle in tech, ur nline wrld culd lk very different by, say, 2030.
21．The passage mst prbably appears in ________.
A．a travel guideB．a science magazineC．a research reprtD．a prduct instructin
22．What is the FIRST paragraph used fr?
A．T intrduce the histry f Califrnia’s Silicn Valley.
B．T express the imprtance f Chinese digital prducts.
C．T shw the develpment f Califrnia’s Silicn Valley.
D．T describe the disadvantages f Chinese digital prducts.
23．What’s the main reasn fr TikTk t be better than Western digital prducts?
A．The big market in China. B．Its lyal userbases.
C．The advanced algrithmic. D．Its different functins.
24．Which may NOT be the pssible future f technlgy?
A．Platfrm wuld make celebrities have mre lyal fans.
B．Different services wuld be prvided in ne digital prduct.
C．Peple have a larger pssibility f being famus n thse platfrms.
D．The algrithmic f TikTk wuld be widely applied t filter infrmatin.
07
Ordering takeuts is very ppular nwadays because it is cnvenient. Mre than 60 percent f the peple in China rder takeut fd at least twice a week. If peple dn’t want t eat ut, they can just rder takeuts n the smart phne and wait fr it t be delivered (送达). What abut peple living in ancient times? Did they eat takeuts?
In fact, here was takeut as far back as the Sng Dynasty. Accrding t histry bks, Emperr Xiazng(1127-1194) liked t rder takeuts late at night. His servants then went arund the city t pick up the dishes and bring them back t the palace.
Ordinary (普通的) peple als rdered takeuts. Restaurant waiters wuld g ut int the streets and yell ut which dishes culd be rdered that day. After hearing the waiters, peple culd then place an rder. Later, delivery wrkers wuld bring fd t their hmes. In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeut wrker can be seen n a delivery with fd in hand.
Peple at that time even had a special meal bx fr takeut dishes. It was a lng wden bx with several layers. Peple als used warming plates made f tw layers f prcelain (瓷). Ht water culd be put between them t keep dishes warm.
25．Accrding t the passage, takeut has a lng histry f abut ________ years in China.
A．900B．1100C．1000D．2000
26．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 4 “yell” prbably means ________.
A．thrwB．findC．shutD．give
27．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Many peple like t rder takeuts nwadays because it is very cheap.
B．Only the Emperr culd rder takeuts in ancient times.
C．Peple can see a takeut wrker in Alng the River During the Qingming Festival.
D．Peple used special plastic bxes fr takeut dishes in ancient China.
28．Which can be the best title fr this passage?
A．The emperr wh liked takeuts
B．Takeuts in Ancient China
C．The advantages f rdering takeuts
D．The way t rder takeuts in ancient China
08
“We said n t the invitatin t the birthday party because my child says they’re nt even friends.”
When I read the abve wrds, I felt heartache.
I knw birthday parties can be like a truble, but let’s believe the parents wh sent that invitatin weren’t trying t get mre gifts fr their kids r make things mre cmplicated.
Fr sme kids, managing schl and friends is easy. Maybe yu have a child wh’s utging, self-cnfident r maybe yu have a child wh desn’t have any prblems. Hwever, fr sme kids, schl and friends can be very difficult.
A birthday party is a fun, exciting and gd pprtunity. It is a chance fr the kid n the sidelines t play with ther kids wh dn’t play with him/her at schl r wh dn’t call him/her a friend.
Smetimes even when the birthday party and the theme have been decided n and the difficult decisin abut whm t invite has been made, there can still be dubts. Thse invitatins can stay untuched in the bttm f the child’s backpack fr days, because he/she is t scared t hand them ut.
I dn’t knw yur child, and I dn’t knw yu. I d knw there are parents wh lie awake at night wndering if their child will have the curage t hand ut the invitatins in the mrning; I d knw there are parents wh hpe they can depend n ther parents t teach their children t be kind enugh t shw up. Maybe yu’ll never have t be ne f the parents wh find it hard. I knw what that’s like, because I have children wh find it easy. But I als have a child wh desn’t. And because f that, we’ve becme a family that says yes t every invitatin we receive.
Smetimes a birthday party invitatin is nt just a birthday party invitatin; it’s als an invitatin t be a friend.
29．What’s the authr’s attitude tward the wrds in Para. 1?
A．Wrried.B．Sad.C．Interested.D．Excited.
30．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Children are very different frm each ther.
B．Sme children at schl need special attentin.
C．Children shuld be encuraged t play games.
D．Nt all children can deal with schl prblems well.
31．T sme children, what des a birthday party mean?
A．A chance t have sme fun utdrs.
B．A chance t get many gifts frm thers.
C．A chance t play and make friends with thers.
D．A chance t invite ther children t their hmes.
32．What des the authr mainly want t tell us?
A．Kids really lve ging t parties.
B．Kids shuld learn t make friends.
C．Sme kids aren’t gd at making friends.
D．We’d better accept birthday party invitatins.
09
In many cuntries, schls have lng summer hlidays, with shrter hlidays in between. Hwever, a new reprt suggests reducing the length f schl hlidays t stp children frgetting what they have learned during the lng summer break. Instead f three schl terms, it says, “There shuld be five eight-week terms. There wuld be just fur weeks ff in the summer, with a tw-week break between the ther terms. The annual (每年的) amunt f hliday time wuld remain the same.”
Snia Mnter has tw children at primary schl and wrks full time. She supprts the idea. “The kids,” she says, “have much lnger hlidays than me and I can’t affrd t take several weeks ff wrk, s I need smene t take care f them. But nbdy wants the wrk in the summer mnths—they all have hlidays f their wn.”
Nt surprisingly, sme yung peple disagree. Student Jasn Pans, says, “It’s a stupid idea. I really can’t imagine staying at schl in the summer—I’d hate it. It’s ttally unfair, t. The peple wh suggest this had lng schl hlidays when they were yung. But nw they want t stp us enjying the summer. They nly need t lk at places like Spain and America, where they have much lnger hlidays than here. The kids there dn’t frget everything they’ve learned in a cuple f mnths, d they?”
Nadia Salib, 14, agrees. “Sure,” she says, “the first week at schl after the summer is never easy, but yu sn get back int it. The real prblem rund here is that kids get bred after s many weeks ut f schl, and then sme f them start causing truble. But the answer is t give them smething t d in their free time, nt make everyne stay in schl lnger. We all hate that.”
33．Why des Snia prefer shrter schl hlidays?
A．She thinks that middle schl hlidays are t lng.
B．She desn’t get any summer hlidays in her present jb.
C．She can’t get anyne t lk after her children in summer.
D．She can’t affrd t pay smene t lk after her children.
34．What des Jasn say abut lng summer hlidays?
A．Schls in ther cuntries dn’t have them.
B．They can help children frget abut schl.
C．These days many lder peple have them t.
D．They have n influence n children’s educatin.
35．What des Nadia say abut yung peple in summer?
A．They wuld like t spend mre time at schl.
B．Lng hlidays are very bad fr their educatin.
C．Where she lives there is nthing fr them t d.
D．They behave badly when they g back t schl.
36．Which f the fllwing sentences best explains the article?
A．They’ve changed all the schl terms and sme students are getting very angry abut it
B．Sme peple want t change the schl year but nt everyne thinks it’s a gd idea.
C．Everyne’s against the idea f shrtening the summer hlidays s they’ve decided t frget the idea.
D．Teenagers are very wrried because there are ging t be fewer schl hlidays in the year.
10
I have a questin fr all f us. Is all winning success? Winning is really, really fun. But I am here t share my views n what a real success is.
All arund the wrld, we have created the win-at-all-cst cultures. As a sciety, we hnr the champins. We cheer fr thse peple wh win champinships, electins and awards. Winning at all csts has becme acceptable. We have becme s fcused n that end result instead f the prcess, and particularly when the end result is a win, usually hw we gt there ften gets swept under the prverbial rug.
We need t redefine (重新定义) success. Real success is develping champins in life fr ur wrld, win r
lse. We may be able t plan ur way t a win, but we can’t plan ur way t success.
Back t 1990, when I was first made the head cach f the UCLA Wmen’s Gymnastics Team, the best I culd d was what ther “successful” caches had dne. S, I became tugh-talking and mean. I acted like a head cach whse nly thught was t figure ut hw t win.
After putting up with me fr a few years, ur team asked me fr a team meeting. And fr ver tw hurs, they gave me examples f hw my arrgance (傲慢) was hurtful. That was my time-ut, and I chse t change. I realized that I needed t supprt ur student athletes as whle human beings, nt just athletes wh wn.
It is s much easier t give rders than t actually figure ut hw t mtivate (激励) smene t be better. And the mtivatin takes a really lng time t take rt. The key ingredient was t develp trust thrugh patience and hnesty.
Let’s think abut what yu are talking with yur parents n the car ride hme. Are they fcusing n the end result? Are yu excited t use that time t shw yu are a winner? All f yu care t much abut the end result instead f yur steps f learning.
We are all caches in sme ways. We all have the respnsibility t develp champins in life fr ur wrld.
That is what real success lks like, and that is what we call a win-win.
37．The underlined phrase “gets swept under the prverbial rug” prbably means “________”.
A．catches little attentinB．des sme harm
C．shws the resultD．decides the success
38．The writer mentins his experience as the head cach t shw________.
A．it’s difficult t teach athletes hw t win
B．hw his team wn thse champinships
C．why his team asked him fr a meeting
D．mtivating thers matters mre than giving rders
39．Which f the fllwing is a real success accrding t the writer?
A．A kid wh shws the medals and prizes he wn t his parents.
B．A player wh tries t win a gld medal at the cst f his health.
C．A cach wh respects his members even thugh the team didn’t win.
D．A parent wh keeps asking abut the grades his kid gets in the exams.
参考答案
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了当我们努力工作却不能实现梦想时，就不能为所谓的励志名言所困惑，应该要懂得放弃，重新开始，试着做自己喜欢的事，努力发现自己的天赋、能力和技能，坚持努力，做好自我。
1．细节理解题。根据“These messages tell peple nt t give up, but they dn’t tell yu that it shuld nly apply t (适用于) yur true dreams”可知，励志名言适合那些有真正梦想的人。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Once yu d smething yu like, yu wn’t feel bred and als wn’t give it up”可知，一旦你做了你喜欢的事情，你就不会感到无聊，也不会放弃。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“T find yur talent, yu need t bserve (观察) the things arund yu and write dwn the things yu’re interested in n yur ntebk. Then yu can search them n the Internet and knw mre abut them”和“Asking yur parents r friends fr help is als a gd idea”可知，要发现你的天赋，你需要观察你周围的事情，并把你感兴趣的事情写在笔记本上，然后你可以在互联网上搜索它们，了解更多关于它们的信息。同时，向你的父母或朋友寻求帮助也是一个好主意。而不是向老师寻求帮助。故选D。
4．词句猜测题。根据“If yu d, n ne wuld have t tell yu r inspire yu nt t give up because when yu lve smething, yu keep trying until yu get it right and the enthusiasm flws frm within”可知，当你喜欢一件事的时候，你会一直尝试，直到你把它做好，热情从内心涌动，故此处划线单词应意为“热情、开心、喜悦”。故选A。
5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了研究发现人类语言的发音和饮食是有关系的，并认为语音是会发展变化的。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.”可知现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一组研究人员已经找到了这种趋势是如何以及为什么出现的。由此可知他们主要研究其发展。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.”可知他们发现，古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音是通过将下唇接触上牙而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音。由此可知是下巴的结构导致。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that …”可知对一个语文数据库的分析也证实……，由此可知此处主要是对前两段的研究结果进行证据支持。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,”可知自人类出现以来，我们使用的一组语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的种类繁多的语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物，由此可知语音是一个复杂的但是动态的系统，选项C符合。故选C。
9．C 10．A 11．D 12．D
【导语】本文讲述了现在很多人把自己的照片用应用程序编辑后，上传到社交媒体上。但是在上面展示的照片和自己真实的样子不一样。作者写这篇文章的目的是号召我们不只是了解自己的外貌，还可以了解我们的健康。
9．细节理解题。根据“Befre we uplad a pht f urselves t scial media, like WeChat, we’ll use an app t smth ur skin, make ur eyes lk bigger, and give us lnger eyelashes and fuller lips.”可知在社交媒体上展示最好的自己之前，人们会使用软件编辑照片。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据“Nw yu’ve gt the cmparisn f yur real self t fake self that yu present n scial media”（现在你有了在社交媒体上真实的自我和虚假的自我的比较）以及“He further pinted ut that when peple spend t much time cmparing with thers, they may becme ‘beauty sick’ and find it difficult t accept what they actually lk like.”（他进一步指出，当人们花太多时间与他人进行比较时，他们可能会变得“美容病”，难以接受自己的真实面貌。）可知我们可以把“这就是为什么很多年轻人在谈到他们真正的样子时，会为外表而烦恼”这句话放在（4）处，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据“In the past, peple might cmpare their lks t thse wh were famus that time. But fr tday’s yung peple, beauty standards are mst likely set by what they see n scial media”（在过去，人们可能会把自己的长相与当时的名人进行比较。但对今天的年轻人来说，美的标准很可能是由他们在社交媒体上看到的东西设定的）可知今天的人们比过去更注重自己的外表。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据“S when we lk in a real mirrr, we shuldn’t think t urselves, ‘D I lk as gd as myself in the Beauty Cam(美颜)?’ Instead, we shuld think, ‘I feel gd, I have my health’”（所以当我们照镜子的时候，我们不应该对自己说：“我看起来和美颜里的自己一样好看吗？”相反，我们应该想，“我感觉很好，我有我的健康。”）可知作者希望人们去学习比外表更重要的东西。故选D。
13．D 14．C 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文讲述了玩视频游戏对青少年儿童的好处和坏处，以及优缺点的具体内容。
13．细节理解题。根据“This infrmatin tells that the advantages and dangers f vide games must be carefully cnsidered.”可知第一段想告诉我们必须充分考虑视频游戏的优点和危险。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据“They have bright lights, funny cartns and exciting stries…Vide games are als a gd way t teach children abut technlgy because they can learn hw cmputers and ther devices (设备) wrk while they play.”可知这段主要大意是玩视频游戏的优点，C项“视频游戏既有趣又有教育意义”符合语境。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“First, children can dwnlad (下载) many games fr free. They dn’t need mney, s they dn’t need t ask their parents if they can dwnlad the games. This means that parents ften dn’t knw if their children are playing vilent (暴力的) r scary games.”可知，因为免费下载，孩子们可能下载暴力或恐怖的游戏。这就是玩视频游戏的缺点之一。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据“In cnclusin, it seems clear that vide games have sme advantages and disadvantages.”总之，似乎很明显，视频游戏有一些优点和缺点。可知推理出任何事物都有两面性。故选C。
17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲摆脱坏情绪很重要，通过原谅自己和他人能让我们活得更开心。
17．细节理解题。根据“Start by actually lking at yur feelings. Hw d they get inside f us? Why d we carry them fr s lng instead f putting them dwn? Can we live withut them?”可知从观察自己的感受开始，为什么总摆脱不了坏情绪，所以消除坏情绪负担第一步是研究情绪。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据“One f the best ways is frgiveness (原谅) . ”可知原谅是一个摆脱坏情绪的方式之一。故选C。
19．词句猜测题。根据“By frgiving urselves and thers, we can abandn ur burdens and feel better abut urselves.”可知通过原谅自己和他人，我们感觉更好了，可推测我们的负担没有了；结合选项，put away收好，整理好；carry n继续，坚持；stay with和……待在一起；leave behind把……抛在后面，选项D符合语境。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。通读本文可知，本文主要讲坏情绪的负面影响及通过原谅自己和他人摆脱坏情绪并开心地活着，因此B项“如何处理坏情绪”符合文章大意。故选B。
21．B 22．B 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在科技领域及应用程序中提供的服务已经开始影响西方平台。
21．推理判断题。根据“Alng with ther digital prducts cming ut f China, TikTk has the pssibility t reshape the future f technlgy.”（随着中国其他数字产品的出现，抖音有可能重塑科技的未来。）及全文可知，文章介绍中国在科技领域及应用程序中提供的服务已经开始影响西方平台，属于科技方面的内容，结合选项，文章最可能出现在科学杂志上。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“The rise f TikTk has hit the heart f Silicn Valley’s supremacy(最高地位). Alng with ther digital prducts cming ut f China, TikTk has the pssibility t reshape the future f technlgy.”（抖音的崛起击中了硅谷霸权的心脏。随着中国其他数字产品的出现，抖音有可能重塑科技的未来。）可知，第一段是用来表达中国数码产品的重要性。故选B。
23． 细节理解题。根据“But n TikTk, anyne can becme a star vernight because f a single vide that prves ppular with the app’s algrithm.”（但在抖音，任何人都可以因为一个视频在一夜之间成为明星，这个视频被证明受该应用程序算法的欢迎。）可知，是它的先进算法使它优于西方的数字产品。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据“That fame can disappear almst as quickly when the next big vide is surfaced thrugh the app’s cde.”（当下一个大视频通过应用程序的代码出现时，这种名声可能很快就会消失。）可知，A项“平台会让名人拥有更多忠实的粉丝。”表述错误。故选A。
25．A 26．C 27．C 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了从宋代开始，中国就已经有了外卖。
25．细节理解题。根据“Accrding t histry bks, Emperr Xiazng (1127-1194) liked t rder takeuts late at night.”可知，外卖在中国已有900多年的历史。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据“Restaurant waiters wuld g ut int the streets and yell ut which dishes culd be rdered that day. After hearing the waiters, peple culd then place an rder.”可知，餐馆服务员会走上街头，大声喊出当天可以点什么菜。在听到服务员的声音后，人们可以下订单。yell与shut同义，表示“叫喊”。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据“In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeut wrker can be seen n a delivery with fd in hand.”可知，人们在《清明上河图》中可以看到外卖员。故选C。
28．最佳标题题。根据“What abut peple living in ancient times? Did they eat takeuts?”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国古代的外卖。故B选项“中国古代的外卖”符合题意。故选B。
29．B 30．D 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是议论文。作者认为我们不应该拒绝同学们生日聚会的邀请，因为生日聚会对于那些性格内敛的小朋友来说是共同玩耍和交朋友的好机会。
29．观点态度题。根据“When I read the abve wrds, I felt heartache”可知当作者听到这些词时，作者感到心痛。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“Hwever, fr sme kids, schl and friends can be very difficult.”可知对于一些孩子来说，学校和朋友可能非常困难，可见不是所有的学生都能很好地处理好学校问题。故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据“A birthday party is a fun, exciting and gd pprtunity. It is a chance fr the kid n the sidelines t play with ther kids”可知生日派对是一个和其他孩子一起玩的机会。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者认为我们不应该拒绝同学们生日聚会的邀请，因为生日聚会对于那些性格内敛的小朋友来说是共同玩耍和交朋友的好机会。故选D。
33．C 34．D 35．C 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了一个新的报告提出缩短假期的建议，人们持有不同的观点。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“I need smene t take care f them. But nbdy wants the wrk in the summer mnths--they all have hlidays f their wn.”可知，她找不到人照顾她的孩子。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“They nly need t lk at places like Spain and America, where they have much lnger hlidays than here. The kids there dn’t frget everything they’ve learned in a cuple f mnths, d they?”可知，西班牙和美国的假期比这里长得多，那里的孩子不会在几个月内忘记他们学过的东西，可见，Jasn认为长的暑假对教育没有影响。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The real prblem rund here is that kids get bred after s many weeks ut f schl”可知，孩子们在离开学校数周后变得无聊，说明在她住的地方，他们没什么事可做。故选C。
36．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出缩短假期的建议，第二段介绍了家长支持的看法，第三段介绍了学生反对的观点，由此可以推断人们对此提议有不同的观点。故选B。
37．A 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文讲述人们太专注取得胜利的结果而不是过程，作者讲述自己做教练的经历，认为激励人更重要。
37．词义猜测题。根据“We have becme s fcused n that end result instead f the prcess”可知，句子表达太专注取得胜利的结果而不是过程，可知“gets swept under the prverbial rug”表达“忽视，不注意”，相当于“catches little attentin”。故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据第五段“I realized that I needed t supprt ur student athletes as whle human beings, nt just athletes wh wn”及第六段“It is s much easier t give rders than t actually figure ut hw t mtivate smene t be better”可知，作者讲述做教练的经历是为了说明激励他人比命令他人更重要。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第六段“It is s much easier t give rders than t actually figure ut hw t mtivate smene t be better. And the mtivatin takes a really lng time t take rt. The key ingredient was t develp trust thrugh patience and hnesty”可知激励他人的关键是通过耐心和诚信培养信任感。C选项“一个教练尊重他的队员，即使他们对没有取得胜利”符合。故选C。