专题11 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版

这是一份专题11 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版，共27页。


【近年高考考情】
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
【解题实用技法】
一、设问方式
1.Hw is the passage rganized?
2.The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.
二、实用妙招
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
1.根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
2.根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:fr example, fr instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/cnsequence
③by giving definitins通过下定义。标志词：that is t say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a prcess通过描述过程。标志词：first, secnd, third, finally
⑥by fllwing time rder 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nwadays
⑦by making cmparisns/cntrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classificatins 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by fllwing space rder 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
【高考真题再练】
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk-sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit. Then pints ut. A waiter’s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating(协调), ” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries. ”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns-including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the vlunteers t take the tests?
A. T assess their health status.B. T evaluate their wrk habits.
C. T analyze their persnality.D. T measure their mental ability.
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s wrds.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By referring t anther study.D. By intrducing a cncept.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
28. D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1,000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选
29. B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This wrks just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。
30. C。主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep. But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night.
Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素), which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea, invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.
Thse given night milk, which cntained 10 times the amunt f melatnin, were less active and less anxius than thse fed with the milk cllected during daytime, accrding t the study published in The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd.
Night milk quickened the start f sleep and caused the mice t sleep lnger.
While the effect f cws’ milk harvested at different time has nt been tested n humans up t nw, taking melatnin drugs has been suggested t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night.
Previus studies have als indicated that milk can be excellent fr helping sleep because f the calcium cntent, which helps peple t relax.
Milk is als sugar-free and additive-free with nutritinists recmmending skimmed milk as the best chice befre bed as it is the least fattening. The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime, the greater burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
32. Accrding t the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep mre easily B. were mre anxius
C. were less active D. wke up later
33. Which f the fllwing is true f melatnin accrding t the text?
A. It’s been tested n mice fr ten times. B. It can make peple mre energetic.
C. It exists in milk in great amunt. D. It’s used in sleeping drugs.
34. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment n Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health
35. Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By prviding research results.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要阐述了夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。
32. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Thse given night milk, which cntained 10 times the amunt f melatnin, were less active and less anxius than thse fed with the milk cllected during daytime, accrding t the study published in The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd.”（这项发表在The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd上的研究显示，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦虑也更少，夜晚收集的牛奶含有的褪黑激素是白天收集的牛奶的10倍。）可知，与那些喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，那些喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠活动更少，焦虑也更少，换句话说，喝白天收集的牛奶的老鼠比喝晚上收集的牛奶的老鼠更活跃，也更焦虑。故选B。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“taking melatnin drugs has been used t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night”（服用褪黑激素药物已用于那些晚上难以入睡的人）可知，褪黑激素药物是用来帮助失眠的人入睡的。由此可推断出，褪黑激素已经被用于安眠药中。故选D。
34. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第一段中“But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night.”（但现在一项研究发现，如果在晚上从奶牛身上挤牛奶，它确实能帮助人们打瞌睡。）可知，文章主要讲的是夜间产出的牛奶和睡眠之间的关系，夜间产出的牛奶有助于睡眠。“Night Milk and Sleep”意为“夜间牛奶和睡眠”，能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
35. 推理判断题。题目需要我们判断作者是如何支持文章的主题的。文章第二段中引用了“The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd”发表的研究报告。文章倒数第二段中“Previus studies have als indicated that milk can be excellent fr helping sleep because f the calcium cntent, which helps peple t relax.”（先前的研究也表明，牛奶对帮助睡眠很有效，因为它含有帮助人们放松的钙质。）引用了先前的研究结论。由此可推断出，作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章的主题的。故选D。
【名校好题强化】
（23·24上·镇江·期中）An authr with cerebral palsy(脑瘫) wh fulfilled his dream f writing a children’s bk said he hped it culd help yung peple “be themselves”.
Gavin Clift n wrte Max and the Magic Wish, abut a by with cerebral palsy wh wishes t be like ther children befre starting schl.
Cliftn wanted t cnvey the message that it is OK fr children t be different. Cliftn was expected t never walk, talk r g t mainstream schl due t his cnditin. Cliftn nw walks and drives and can speak thrugh a specialist machine.
He said he wanted t shw thers what peple with disabilities can d, “The persn yu becme is the mst imprtant thing because yu learn t adapt yur life in yur wn way. And I want t shw children and thers with disabilities that being yurself is always the best that they shuld d. It has always been a dream f mine t write a children’s bk and if I can educate mre peple and inspire them whilst making a difference t their lives, I wuld be s happy. It wuld be my biggest achievement yet.”
Cliftn said he wanted it t g against “keybard warrirs” searching fr peple with disabilities n scial media. “I have suffered abuse frm keybard warrirs myself but the best advice I can give is t never bite back and let g f all the hrrible cmments and let them g ver yur head.”
The authr’s father Martin Cliftn said, “The dctr said he wuld never walk r talk because f his cerebral pals y that affects ne side f his bdy. I am s prud f him.”
Illustratr and publisher f Cliftn’s bk, Clare Thmas, said wrking with him was “an abslute hnur”. She said, “He desn’t let anything stand in his way.”
1. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By describing a prcess.B. By analyzing causes.
C. By giving an example.D. By fllwing time rder.
2. What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A. The mtivatin behind Cliftn’s writing a bk.
B. The reasn fr Gavin Cliftn’s recvery.
C. The main character f Gavin Cliftn’s bk.
D. The cause f Gavin Cliftn’s illness.
3. Hw des Cliftn respnd t keybard warrirs?
A. He asks friends fr help.B. He ignres their evil wrds.
C. He bites back keybard warrirs.D. He accepts the hrrible cmments.
4. Why did Clare Thmas feel hnred t wrk with Gavin Cliftn?
A. Because Gavin Cliftn enjyed a high scial status.
B. Because Gavin Clift n was a man with disabilities.
C. Because Gavin Cliftn brught much cnfidence t Clare Thmas.
D. Because Gavin Clift impressed Clare Thmas with his perseverance.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述脑瘫作家加文•克利夫顿（Gavin Cliftn）实现了写一本儿童书的梦想的故事。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Cliftn wanted t cnvey the message that it is OK fr children t be different. Cliftn was expected t never walk, talk r g t mainstream schl due t his cnditin. Cliftn nw walks and drives and can speak thrugh a specialist machine. (克利夫顿想传达这样一个信息：孩子们与众不同是可以的。由于克利夫顿的身体状况，人们预计他永远不会走路、说话或上主流学校。克利夫顿现在可以走路、开车，还可以通过专业机器说话。)”可知，这一段用克利夫顿为例子来说明孩子们与众不同是可以的。故选C。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“He said he wanted t shw thers what peple with disabilities can d, “The persn yu becme is the mst imprtant thing because yu learn t adapt yur life in yur wn way. And I want t shw children and thers with disabilities that being yurself is always the best that they shuld d. It has always been a dream f mine t write a children’s bk and if I can educate mre peple and inspire them whilst making a difference t their lives, I wuld be s happy. It wuld be my biggest achievement yet.”(他说，他想向其他人展示残疾人的能力，“你成为的人是最重要的，因为你学会了以自己的方式适应自己的生活。我想向残疾儿童和其他人展示，做自己永远是他们应该做的最好的事。写一本儿童读物一直是我的梦想，如果我能教育更多的人，激励他们，同时改变他们的生活，我会很高兴。这将是我迄今为止最大的成就。”)”可知，这一段主要讲述克利夫顿写书的动力。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Cliftn said he wanted it t g against “keybard warrirs” searching fr peple with disabilities n scial media. “I have suffered abuse frm keybard warrirs myself but the best advice I can give is t never bite back and let g f all the hrrible cmments and let them g ver yur head.”(克利夫顿说，他希望这与在社交媒体上寻找残疾人的“键盘侠”背道而驰。“我自己也遭受过键盘侠的虐待，但我能给出的最好建议是，永远不要反咬回去，让所有可怕的评论都随它吧，让它们越过你的头顶。”)”可知，克利夫顿忽略了所有键盘侠们可怕的评论。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Illustratr and publisher f Cliftn’s bk, Clare Thmas, said wrking with him was “an abslute hnur”. She said, “He desn’t let anything stand in his way.”(克利夫顿书的插图画家兼出版商克莱尔•托马斯表示，与他合作是“一种绝对的荣誉”。她说：“他不让任何事情妨碍他。”)”可知，克莱尔•托马斯很荣幸能与加文•克利夫顿共事是因为他的毅力给托马斯留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
（22·23上·牡丹江·期中）Each year mre than 2,500 peple die and 12,600 are injured in hme fires just in the United States, with direct prperty lss because f hme fires at abut $7.3 billin. Every day Americans experience the hrrr f fires, but mst peple dn’t understand fires.
T prtect yurself, it is imprtant t learn smething abut hme fires.
In less than 30 secnds a small flame (火焰) can get cmpletely ut f cntrl and turn int a majr fire. It nly takes minutes fr thick black smke t fill a huse r fr it t be in flames. Mst deadly fires happen in the hme when peple are asleep. If yu realize a fire, yu wn’t have time t take valuables because the fire spreads t quickly and the smke is t thick. The fire uses up the xygen yu need and prduces smke and pisnus (有毒的) gases. Breathing even small amunts f smke and pisnus gases can make yu tired and sleepy, and shrt f breath. The smke can cause yu t be a deep sleeper befre the flames reach yur dr. Yu may nt wake up in time t escape.
Rm temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at flr level and rise t 600 degrees at eye level. Breathing in this super-ht air will burn yur lungs. It can melt (熔化) clthes t yur skin. In five minutes, a rm can get s ht that everything in it starts t burn at nce.
Fires are bright at first, but quickly prduce black smke and cmplete darkness. If yu wake up t a fire yu may be blinded, cnfused abut where yu are r which directin yu shuld g in and unable t find yur way arund the hme yu’ve lived in fr years. Only when we knw the true nature f fires can we prepare ur families and urselves.
5. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By raising questins.B. By listing reasns.
C. By expressing pinins.D. By giving examples.
6. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. It is necessary t escape in time.
B. It is imprtant t find pisnus gases.
C. It is impssible t keep away frm smke.
D. It is dangerus t stay away frm the dr.
7. Hw des black smke truble us?
A. Causing us t feel hpeless.B. Making ur faces turn black.
C. Getting us t lse ur ways.D. Frcing us t walk arund the hme.
8. What des the text mainly tell us?
A. Different prcesses f hme fires.
B. Sme basic knwledge f hme fires.
C. Great damage f hme fires in the USA.
D. Sme gd ways t prevent hme fires.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一些关于家庭火灾的信息，只有了解火灾的本质才有可能做好准备。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Each year mre than 2,500 peple die and 12,600 are injured in hme fires just in the United States, with direct prperty lss because f hme fires at abut $7.3 billin. (仅在美国，每年就有2500多人在家庭火灾中死亡，12600人受伤，房屋火灾造成的直接财产损失约为73亿美元。)”可知，第一段列举了美国家庭火灾造成的损伤情况，进而引出接下来的主题。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In less than 30 secnds a small flame(火焰) can get cmpletely ut f cntrl and turn int a majr fire. It nly takes minutes fr thick black smke t fill a huse r fr it t be in flames.(在不到30秒的时间里，一个小火焰可以完全失控，变成大火。浓浓的黑烟只需要几分钟就可以充满一所房子或让它着火。)”和“If yu realize a fire, yu wn’t have time t take valuables because the fire spreads t quickly and the smke is t thick.(如果你意识到发生了火灾，你将没有时间拿走贵重物品，因为火灾蔓延得太快，烟雾太浓。)”可知，小火和浓烟能在很短的时间里就变成大火，由于火灾蔓延太快，发生火灾时是来不及拿走贵重物品的，由此可推测出，在发生火灾时，有必要及时逃离现场。故选A。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fires are bright at first, but quickly prduce black smke and cmplete darkness. If yu wake up t a fire yu may be blinded, cnfused abut where yu are r which directin yu shuld g in and unable t find yur way arund the hme yu’ve lived in fr years.(火起初是明亮的，但很快就会产生黑烟和造成完全的黑暗。如果你在火灾中醒来，你可能会失明，不知道自己在哪里或应该朝哪个方向走，在你住了多年的家里找不到路。)”可知，黑烟会让我们迷路。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“T prtect yurself, it is imprtant t learn smething abut hme fires.(为了保护自己，了解一些关于家庭火灾的知识是很重要的。)”可知，第二段承上启下，引出了接下来讲述的关于家庭火灾的知识，并在最后一段最后一句“Only when we knw the true nature f fires can we prepare ur families and urselves.(只有当我们知道火灾的真实本质时，我们才能为我们的家人和我们自己做好准备。)”呼应前文，告诉我们只有了解家庭火灾的真实本质才能做好准备。由此可推测出，本文主要讲述的是一些关于家庭火灾的基础知识。故选B。
（18·19·重庆·二模）Nwadays, we can read almst all “truths” n scial media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micr messaging service Twitter, the scial netwrking site Facebk and the pht-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real wrld,” accrding t a study by cmputer scientists frm McGill University and Carnegie Melln University.
The scientists warn that gathering infrmatin abut public views and trends frm these sites is unwise. There are still large parts f the ppulatin wh d nt take part in scial media activities. Als, there's a risk that many scial media users are under- represented. Instagram, fr example, appeals t yunger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 t 34. And nly 5 percent f Twitter users are ver 65 years ld, accrding I the study.
Hwever, this is nt the nly issue, accrding t the scientific team. The design f a website can influence hw peple behave nline, creating what the researchers call “Internet bias.” Fr example, micr-blgging sites such as Weib prmte “ppular” stries. It saves time fr sme, but it als limits readers' chice f what they see. In the end, many peple pen thse stries and make them mre “ppular.” But it's nt because they chse thse stries. Rather, it is because the cntent is right in frnt f them.
Besides, it's pssible that nt everyne n yur scial netwrks is real. There might actually be a few fake accunts amng them. Fake “bts” pretend t be human and are ften included when measuring r predicting human behavirs nline.
The findings might be mre imprtant than yu wuld think, since many scial media studies “are used t infrm and justify decisins and investments amng the public and in industry and gvernment,” said Derek Ruths, assistant Prfessr at McGill's Schl f Cmputer Science.
If the team is right, yu might have t think carefully the next time yu say, “It's true, yu knw; I read it n Weib.”
9. Why des the authr mentin Twitter, Facebk and Instagram?
A. Because they are the best scial media sites tday.
B. Because they are nt in favr f the current study.
C. Because the public are sharing truths n these sites.
D. Because infrmatin n these sites may nt be reliable.
10. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By dividing int grups.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
11. Which wrd can best describe the authr's attitude tward infrmatin n scial media sites?
A. Ambiguus.B. Favrable.
C. Disagreeable.D. Cautius
12. What's the authr's main purpse in writing the passage?
A. T analyze why infrmatin gathered frm scial media sites may nt be trustwrthy.
B. T remind readers f things they shuld watch ut fr when using scial media.
C. T pint ut the advantages and disadvantages f scial media.
D. T recmmend ppular scial netwrking sites fr readers.
【答案】9. D 10. D 11. D 12. B
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要阐述了在社交网络所接触到的信息，我们需要谨慎小心去鉴别其真伪，作者提醒读者在使用社交媒体时需要注意的事情。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段的Sites such as the micr messaging service Twitter, the scial netwrking site Facebk and the pht-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real wrld,”（微信服务Twitter、社交网站Facebk和照片分享应用Instagram等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”。）可知，作者提到了Twitter、Facebk和Instagram的原因是因为这些网站上的信息可能不可靠。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章采用的论证结构是总分总结构，文章第一段提出论证的问题，即我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”。但它们真的可靠吗?（结果），接下来四个段落来解释这些真相是否可靠的原因，并在最后一段加以总结，由此可知，文章是通过分析因果关系展开的。故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段的The scientists warn that gathering infrmatin abut public views and trends frm these sites is unwise. （科学家们警告说，从这些网站收集有关公众观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。）第四段的Besides, it's pssible that nt everyne n yur scial netwrks is real. （此外，你的社交网络上可能不是每个人都是真实的。）以及最后一段的If the team is right, yu might have t think carefully the next time yu say, “It's true, yu knw; I read it n Weib.”（如果这个科学团队的调查是正确的，那么下次你说“这是真的，你知道;我是在微博上看到的。”时，你需要慎重思考）可知，作者对于网络社交网站上提供的信息多是“谨慎”的态度，故选D。
12. 推理判断题。通读全文再结合第一段的Nwadays, we can read almst all “truths” n scial media sites. But are they really reliable?（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”。但它们真的可靠吗?）以及文章最后一段的If the team is right, yu might have t think carefully the next time yu say, “It's true, yu knw; I read it n Weib.”（如果这个科学团队的调查是正确的，那么下次你说“这是真的，你知道;我是在微博上看到的。”时，你需要慎重思考）内容可知，这篇文章主要阐述了在社交网络所接触到的信息，我们需要谨慎小心去鉴别其真伪，所以作者写这篇文章的主要目的是提醒读者在使用社交媒体时要注意的事情。故选B。
（18·19上·厦门·期中）Reese Witherspn was brn n March 22, 1976 in New Orleans, Luisiana. She is the secnd child f the family. Reese spent the first fur years f her life in Wiesbaden, Germany, where her father Jhn Witherspn served in the US Army Reserves. Shrtly after, Jhn mved the family back t the United States, settling in Nashville, Tennessee.
Reese was intrduced t the entertainment industry at a very early age at age 7, she began mdeling. This led t appearances n several lcal televisin cmmercials. At age 11, she was placed first in a Ten-State Talent Fair.
In 1990, she landed her first majr acting rle in The Man in the Mn(1991). Her rle as a 14-year ld tmby earned her gd reviews. Rles in bigger films such as Jack the Bear (1993) and A Far Off Place (1993) fllwed shrtly after.
Fllwing high schl graduatin in 1994, Reese decided t have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanfrd University where she wuld majr in English literature. Hwever, her plans were shrtly stpped when she accepted rles t star in tw majr mtin pictures. Althugh neither film was a huge bx-ffice success, they did help t make Reese a rising star in Hllywd and pen the dr fr bigger and better film rles.
Her breakthrugh rle came as Elle Wds in the 2001 cmedy Legally Blnde In bx ffice terms, the mvie was a great success and made Reese ne f the tp female stars in Hlywd. In the year 2014, she prduced bth Gne Girl and Wild, fr which she gt nminated (提名) fr a best actress Oscar again fr her rle.
Reese is actively invlved in children's and wmen’=s advcacy rganizatins. She is a lngtime supprter f Save the Children, an rganizatin that helps prvide children arund the wrld with educatin, health care and emergency aid.
13. Why did Reese stp her studies at Stanfrd University?
A. Because she starred in tw successful films.
B. Because she culdn’t balance studies and acting.
C. Because she didn’t want t get higher educatin.
D. Because she was mre famus in Hllywd.
14. Which film made Reese mst famus?
A. The Man in the Mn.B. Jack the Bear
C. A Far Off Place.D. Legally Blnde.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Reese?
A. Caring.B. Defensive.
C. Disapprving.D. Admiring.
16. Hw des the passage develp?
A. Fllwing the rder f time.B. Using figures.
C. Giving examples.D. Making cmparisn.
【答案】13. B 14. D 15. D 16. A
【分析】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了美国影视演员Reese Witherspn的一些事迹。
13. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Fllwing high schl graduatin in 1994, Reese decided t have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanfrd University where she wuld majr in English literature. Hwever, her plans were shrtly stpped when she accepted rles t star in tw majr mtin pictures.( 1994年，里斯高中毕业后，她决定暂停自己的演艺事业，去斯坦福大学学习英语文学。然而，当她接受出演两部主要电影时，她的计划很快就停止了。)”可知，因为要主演两部电影，所以放弃了继续求学，由此可知由于无法兼顾就学和演艺事业，故而放弃了学业，故选B项。
14. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Her breakthrugh rle came as Elle Wds in the 2001 cmedy Legally Blnde In bx ffice terms, the mvie was a great success and made Reese ne f the tp female stars in Hlywd.(她在2001年的喜剧《律政俏佳人》中扮演了艾尔•伍兹，这一角色使她取得了突破性的成就。这部电影取得了巨大的成功，使里斯成为了好莱坞最顶级的女明星之一。)”可知Reese Witherspn突破性的角色就是律政俏佳人中的艾尔•伍兹，在票房方面，这部喜剧片赢得了巨大的成功，并使Reese Witherspn成为好莱坞最顶尖的女星之一。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者在介绍Reese的演艺事业发展时，采用的都是正面的描述，再根据最后一段中“She is a lngtime supprter f Save the Children, an rganizatin that helps prvide children arund the wrld with educatin, health care and emergency aid.(她是拯救儿童组织的长期支持者，该组织帮助为世界各地的儿童提供教育、保健和紧急援助)”，最后一段对Reese积极参加一些旨在帮助儿童和妇女的公益组织的描述可知，作者对Reese持赞扬的态度。故选D项。
16. 推理判断题。文章开头从Reese的出生说起，随后描述了她的童年，成年后的作品以及参加的其他活动，由此可以看出文章是按照时间顺序来写的。故选A项。
（22·23下·沈阳·期中）Air-cnditiner’s setting ften frms the basis f ffice arguments between wmen and men regarding the “crrect” temperature fr it t be set. And it’s a cmmn debate between cuples — the perfect temperature t keep bth parties warm but nt ht. Research des cnsistently shw wmen prefer a higher indr temperature t men. But is there any science backing up the widespread belief that wmen “feel the cld” mre than men?
At arund the same bdy weight, wmen tend t have less muscle t prduce heat. Wmen als have mre fat between the skin and the muscles, s the skin feels clder, as it’s slightly further away frm bld vessels.
Wmen als tend t have a lwer metablic(代谢)rate than men, which reduces heat prductin during cld expsure, making wmen mre likely t feel cld as the temperature drps.
The hrmnes estrgen and prgesterne(雌激素和孕激素), fund in large quantities in wmen, cntribute t the cre bdy and skin temperatures. Oestrgen dilates(扩张)bld vessels at the extremities. This means mre heat can be lst t the surrunding air. And prgesterne can cause the vessels in the skin t narrw, meaning less bld will flw t sme areas t keep the inner rgans warmer, leaving wmen feeling cler.
S hw d we agree n the ideal temperature? The “Scandinavian sleep methd”, where cuples sleep with separate blankets, is ne way t vercme the differences in temperature preferences.
In the wrkplace, persnal cmfrt systems are heat systems that can be lcally psitined in individual wrk statins such as desktps, chairs, r near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, r ft-warmers. These systems prvide individualised cmfrt t meet persnal needs withut affecting thers in the same space, and have been fund t prduce higher cmfrt satisfactin in the wrkplace. They may als be an energy-efficient methd t balance warmth and health in ffice envirnments.
17. Why des a cuple ften have an argument n temperature cntrl?
A. Because the wife prefers t wrk indrs than utdrs.
B. Because the wife wuld like t stay in a cler place.
C. Because they have different preference fr temperature.
D. Because they have n air-cnditiner t heat their ffice.
18. What may happen t men and wmen f the same weight?
A. Men may be much strnger than wmen.
B. Men may have mre fat than wmen.
C. Wmen may feel clder than men.
D. Wmen may prduce mre heat than men.
19. Hw des the furth paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By listing reasns.
C. By slving prblems.D. By making cmparisns.
20. Which f the fllwing can help create a cmfrtable wrkplace withut bthering thers?
A. Using a persnal heater.B. Mving int a warm ffice.
C. Applying a new heating system.D. Asking fr an extra individual rm.
【答案】17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析女性比男性更“感觉寒冷”的原因。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“And it’s a cmmn debate between cuples — the perfect temperature t keep bth parties warm but nt ht. Research des cnsistently shw wmen prefer a higher indr temperature t men. (这是夫妻之间常见的争论——保持双方温暖但不太热的最佳温度。研究一致表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的室内温度。)”可知，夫妻之间关于温控的争论主要是因为他们对温度有不同的偏好。故选C项。
18. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“At arund the same bdy weight, wmen tend t have less muscle t prduce heat. Wmen als have mre fat between the skin and the muscles, s the skin feels clder, as it’s slightly further away frm bld vessels.(在同等体重的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少。女性的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多的脂肪，所以皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管稍远。)”可知，相同体重，女人可能会觉得比男人更冷。故选C项。
19. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“The hrmnes estrgen and prgesterne(雌激素和孕激素), fund in large quantities in wmen, cntribute t the cre bdy and skin temperatures. Oestrgen dilates(扩张)bld vessels at the extremities. This means mre heat can be lst t the surrunding air. And prgesterne can cause the vessels in the skin t narrw, meaning less bld will flw t sme areas t keep the inner rgans warmer, leaving wmen feeling cler.(女性体内大量存在的雌激素和黄体酮对身体核心和皮肤温度有影响。雌激素使四肢的血管扩张。这意味着更多的热量可能会流失到周围的空气中。黄体酮会导致皮肤血管变窄，这意味着流向某些区域的血液会减少，从而使内脏保持温暖，让女性感觉更凉爽。)”可知，这段主要分析女性感觉更凉爽的原因。故选B项。
20. 细节理解题。由最后一段“In the wrkplace, persnal cmfrt systems are heat systems that can be lcally psitined in individual wrk statins such as desktps, chairs, r near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, r ft-warmers. These systems prvide individualised cmfrt t meet persnal needs withut affecting thers in the same space, and have been fund t prduce higher cmfrt satisfactin in the wrkplace.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是一种加热系统，可以局部放置在个人工作场所，如台式机、椅子或脚部和腿部附近。示例包括小型桌扇、加热的椅子和毯子，或暖脚器。这些系统提供个性化的舒适度，以满足个人需求，而不会影响同一空间中的其他人，并已被发现在工作场所产生更高的舒适度满意度。) ”可知，使用个人加热器能帮助创造一个舒适的工作场所而不打扰他人。故选A项。
（22·23下·运城·阶段练习）Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data — sme peple believe. In fact, the tw have much in cmmn. Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. T prve that, Hardiman teamed up with sme researchers and six lcal schls.
In the experiment, the researchers wrked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrms. They prvided traditinal science lessns and art-fcused nes. In a traditinal science class, fr example, students might read the infrmatin frm a bk alud. In the art-fcused ne, they might sing the infrmatin instead.
The team randmly assigned(分配) each f the 350 students t either a traditinal science class r an art-fcused ne. Students then learned science using that way fr the whle unit — abut three weeks. When they changed t a new tpic, they als changed t the ther type f class. This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. This enabled the researchers t see hw students did in bth types f classes.
The team fund that students wh started ff in traditinal classes perfrmed better after they mved int an art-fcused class. But thse wh started in an art-fcused class did well even when they went back t a traditinal science class. These students appeared t use sme f the art techniques after ging back t a traditinal class. Classrm teachers reprted that many students cntinued t sketch(画速写) r sing t help remember the infrmatin. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways f learning n their wn,” Hardiman said.
21. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By analyzing cause and effect.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By making cmparisns.
22. What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A. Students take an active part when their class invlves art.
B. Students are mre creative in art class than in science class.
C. Students’ learning ability depends greatly n class invlvement.
D. Students remember things fr a lnger time if using art in class.
23. What were the students required t d in the experiment?
A. Learn three units in ttal.
B. Take tw types f classes.
C. Learn tw tpics fr three weeks.
D. Chse between a traditinal class and an art-fcused ne.
24. What is the text mainly abut?
A. It is nt easy t use art in science class.
B. Science plays an imprtant rle in creative thinking.
C. Art cntributes t science learning.
D. Art-fcused classes encurage teamwrk.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。
21. 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data—sme peple believe. (艺术和科学似乎是相反的东西。一些人认为，前者意味着创意的流动，而后者意味着冷冰冰的数据。)”可知，第一段是通过把艺术和科学作比较来行文的。故选D。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. (教育专家玛丽亚·哈迪曼注意到，在课堂上使用艺术的学生听得更认真。他们可能会问更多的问题。他们可能会主动提出更多的想法。更重要的是，当科学课涉及到艺术时，学生们似乎能记住更多的知识。)”可知，当科学课程涉及艺术时，学生上课时更加积极。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. (这样一来，每个学生既上了艺术课，也上了传统的课程。每个单元都以两种方式教授给不同的学生群体。)”可知，学生们在实验中被要求参与两种类型的课程。故选B。
24. 主旨大意题。根据首段末句“Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class. (现在，一项研究发现，艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。故选C。
（21·22上·东莞·期末）On Jan. 14, 2020, Micrsft retired Windws 7 and stpped ffering security updates (更新) fr ne f the mst-lved versins f its perating system. The main reasn was that maintaining them required resurces and engineers. These culd be expensive, especially as the cmpany fcused its effrts n new prducts and services.
Micrsft stpped adding new features t Windws7 in 2015, and it had regularly been reminding users f the end-f-life deadline (最后期限) and inviting them t equip Windws 10, which was grwing quickly. But Windws 7 made up abut 27 percent f desktp and laptps in Octber, 2019, accrding t Netmarket share, which tracks (跟踪) usage f different technlgies. There are mre than 1.5 billin Windws devices (装置) in use and at least 400 millin f them are still running the ut-f-date perating system. If Windws 7 cntinues t decrease at the current pace, its share will drp t 13 percent by 2021-but that’s still mre than 100 millin devices.
Hackers are always hunting fr insecure devices, which makes us anxius. If a new bug appears in Windws 7, bad actrs will have millins f devices t attack and infect with virus (病毒) at nce. That’s why the cmpany has an Extended Security Update prgram, which will run until January 2023. Organizatins that want t cntinue using Windws 7 and receive bug patches have t pay $50 per device in the first year, $100 in the secnd year, and $200 in the third year t d s.
25. Why did Micrsft retire Windws 7?
A. N ne wanted t use it.
B. It was easy t be hacked.
C. Maintaining it csts a lt
D. It was utdated and valueless.
26. Hw is the secnd paragraph develped?
A. By listing data.B. By ding research.
C. By giving examples.D. By making cmparisns.
27. What is ur wrry abut Windws 7?
A. Decrease f its users.
B. Cst fr its bug patches.
C. Replacement by Windws 10.
D. Security f its perating system.
28. In which part f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Culture.B. Business.C. Health.D. Educatin.
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微软宣布Windws 7退役，并停止为最受欢迎的操作系统之一提供安全更新的原因。
25. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The main reasn was that maintaining them requited resurces and engineers. These culd be expensive, especially as the cmpany fcused its effrts n new prducts and services. (主要原因是维护它们需要资源和工程师。这些费用可能很昂贵，尤其是当公司把精力集中在新产品和服务上的时候。)”可知，微软之所以放弃Windws 7是因为维护它的成本高，故选C项。
26. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But Windws 7 made up abut 27 percent f desktp and laptps in Octber, 2019, accrding t Netmarket share, which tracks (跟踪) usage f different technlgies. There are mre than 1.5 billin Windws devices (装置) in use and at least 400 millin f them are still running the ut-f-date perating system. If Windws 7 cntinues t decrease at the current pace, its share will drp t 13 percent by 2021—but that’s still mre than 100 millin devices. (但根据追踪不同技术使用情况的Netmarket份额，2019年10月，Windws 7占台式机和笔记本电脑的27%左右。目前有超过15亿的Windws设备在使用，其中至少有4亿仍在运行过时的操作系统。如果Windws 7继续以目前的速度下降，到2021年，其市场份额将降至13%，但这仍然是1亿多台设备。)”可知，第二段是通过列数据展开的，故选A项。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“If a new bug appears in Windws 7, bad actrs will have millins f devices t attack and infect with virus (病毒) at nce. That’s why the cmpany has an Extended Security Update prgram, which will run until January 2023. (如果Windws 7出现新的漏洞，不法分子就可以同时攻击和感染数百万台设备。这就是为什么该公司有一个扩展安全更新计划，该计划将持续到2023年1月。)”可知人们对Windws 7使用的担忧是操作系统的安全性，故选D项。
28. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了微软为什么退出了Windws 7并停止为其提供安全更新和添加新功能，通过数据说明了Windws 7在市场上所占份额的逐年下降。文章第一段“These culd be expensive, especially as the cmpany fcused its effrts n new prducts and services. (这些成本可能会很高，尤其是在该公司专注于开发新产品和服务的情况下)”可知这篇文章应该出现在报纸的商业部分。故选B项。
（23·24上·全国·课时练习）Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data — sme peple believe. In fact, the tw have much in cmmn. Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. T prve that, Hardiman teamed up with sme researchers and six lcal schls.
In the experiment, the researchers wrked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrms. They prvided traditinal science lessns and art-fcused nes. In a traditinal science class, fr example, students might read the infrmatin frm a bk alud. In the art-fcused ne, they might sing the infrmatin instead.
The team randmly assigned (分配) each f the 350 students t either a traditinal science class r an art-fcused ne. Students then learned science using that way fr the whle unit — abut three weeks. When they changed t a new tpic, they als changed t the ther type f class. This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. This enabled the researchers t see hw students did in bth types f classes.
The team fund that students wh started ff in traditinal classes perfrmed better after they mved int an art-fcused class. But thse wh started in an art-fcused class did well even when they went back t a traditinal science class. These students appeared t use sme f the art techniques after ging back t a traditinal class. Classrm teachers reprted that many students cntinued t sketch (画速写) r sing t help remember the infrmatin. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways f learning n their wn,” Hardiman said.
29. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
30. What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A. Students take an active part when their class invlves art.
B. Students are mre creative in art class than in science class.
C. Students’ learning ability depends greatly n class invlvement.
D. Students remember things fr a lnger time if using art in class.
31. What were the students required t d in the experiment?
A. Learn three units in ttal.B. Take tw types f classes.
C. Learn tw tpics fr three weeks.D. Chse between a traditinal class and an art-fcused ne.
32. What is the text mainly abut?
A. It is nt easy t use art in science class.B. Science cntributes t creative thinking.
C. Art can make science easier t learn.D. Art-fcused classes encurage teamwrk.
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。
29. 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data — sme peple believe. (艺术和科学似乎是相反的东西。一些人认为，前者意味着创意的流动，而后者意味着冰冷、确凿的数据。)”可知，第一段是通过把艺术和科学作比较来进行的。故选B。
30. 细节理解题。根据第二段前四句“Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. (教育专家玛丽亚·哈迪曼(Mariale Hardiman)注意到，在课堂上使用艺术的学生听得更认真。他们可能会问更多的问题。他们可能会主动提出更多的想法。更重要的是，当科学课涉及到艺术时，学生们似乎能记住更多的知识。)”可知，当科学课程涉及艺术时，学生上课时更加积极。故选A。
31. 细节理解题。根据第四段中第四五句“This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. (这样一来，每个学生既上了艺术课，也上了传统课。每个单元都以两种方式教授给不同的学生群体。)”可知，学生们在实验中被要求参与两种类型的课程。故选B。
32. 主旨大意题。根据首段末句“Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class. (现在，一项研究发现，艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。)”可知，文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。故选C。
（22·23下·安徽·模拟预测）Water equals life. This is true fr peple, animals and plants. And while water is plentiful in sme lcatins, this is nt the case all ver the wrld. Nw scientists frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) may have develped a way t change that.
The new desalinatin (脱盐) device prduces water actually abve the Wrld Health Organizatin standards, just by pushing a buttn. There are n filters (过滤器) required, and the device uses electrical pwer t remve salt and ther particles (微粒) — including bacteria and viruses — frm the saltwater. This reduces the need fr cnstant maintenance.
Mst cmmercially available prtable desalinatin units use filters that require high-pressure pumps t push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allw it t be used in remte r resurce-limited places like small islands, ships, and even fr emergency use.
The device tk years t develp. After running tests in the lab with water that had different salinity and particles, it was tested at Bstn’s Carsn Beach. The device prduced drinkable water in just half an hur.
The new desalinatin unit needs less pwer than a cell phne charger, reprted Fast Cmpany, and wrks using tw types f electrical fields t filter the saltwater. But best f all, it is designed t be used by average peple and nt engineers. In fact, the device nly has three buttns, ne t pwer the device, ne t start it, and ne t stp it.
The researchers are still wrking n a final design that culd use cheaper materials t make it ready by the end f next year. This small but mighty desalinatin unit may be the key t bringing safe water t a thirsty wrld.
33. What’s the advantage f the new desalinatin device?
A. It’s cnvenient.B. Ifs a lt cheaper.
C. It has imprved filters.D. It has a larger utput.
34. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By making cmparisns.B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes.D. By listing figures.
35. What des the authr think is the mst utstanding quality f the new device?
A. It requires much less pwer.
B. It pssesses tw electrical fields.
C. It can be easily perated by rdinary peple.
D. It is cntrlled by the same buttn.
36. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Deeper research finds new cntents f seawater
B. Better methd imprves the quality f drinking water
C. Reprt shws a wrld thirsty fr safe drinking water
D. New prtable device makes seawater drinkable n the way
【答案】33. A 34. A 35. C 36. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new desalinatin (脱盐) device prduces water actually abve the Wrld Health Organizatin standards, just by pushing a buttn.(这种新的海水脱盐装置只需要按下一个按钮，就能产生高于世界卫生组织标准的水)”可知，这个新的脱盐设备的优势是操作非常方便。故选A项。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Mst cmmercially available prtable desalinatin units use filters that require high-pressure pumps t push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allw it t be used in remte r resurce-limited places like small islands, ships, and even fr emergency use.(大多数商业上可用的便携式海水脱盐装置使用的过滤器需要高压泵来推动水，这使得它们体积庞大，能源效率较低。这种无过滤器的MIT设备可以在偏远或资源有限的地方使用，比如小岛、船只，甚至是紧急情况下使用)”可知，第三段主要通过对比新的脱盐设备和其他商业上可用的便携式脱盐设备来说明新设备的优势。由此推知，这段是通过对比来发展的。故选A项。
35. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But best f all, it is designed t be used by average peple and nt engineers.(但最重要的是，它是为普通人而不是工程师设计的)”可知，作者认为这个新设备最突出的优点是普通人也可以轻松操作。故选C项。
36. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。由此可知，D项“新的便携式设备即将使海水可以饮用”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
（22·23上·宁德·期中）The final event in the Olympics is the marathn. It is als usually the mst exciting. As the leader cmes int the stadium t run the last few meters f the 42-kilmeter race, the crwd rises t its feet t shut and cheer. The name f the race cmes frm a battle(战争) in Ancient Greece. Accrding t the stry, a sldier ran frm the battle field, Marathn, t Athens, t bring the news f a Greek victry against the Persians. He died just after arriving.
The marathn has been an Olympic event since the mdern games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilmeters—the distance between Marathn and Athens. In 1908, hwever, at the Lndn Olympics, it was changed. The King f England wanted the runners t leave frm his castle in Windsr and arrive in a new stadium in central Lndn. The distance was 26 miles—abut 42 kilmeters. In fact, the 1908 marathn ended dramatically(戏剧性地). When the leader, an Italian, entered the stadium he turned the wrng way and fell nt the grund. Officials picked him up and helped him t the finishing line, just as the secnd runner, an American, entered the stadium. The Americans prtested(抗议) and in the end the American runner was declared(宣布) the winner. Since then, there have been many mre exciting marathns.
In fact, yu dn’t have t wait fr the Olympic Games t run r watch a marathn, as there are marathns in ver sixty cuntries and hundreds f cities arund the wrld tday. One f the mst famus marathns is in New Yrk, and is watched by tw millin peple arund the streets and acrss the bridges f the city, and past New Yrk’s famus landmarks. But perhaps ne f the mst beautiful and unique marathns ever is the Great Wall Marathn, which mst cmpetitrs find is the tughest curse t run.
The marathn is the final Olympic event because it is thught t be the hardest. But experts believe that mst peple—even peple wh are nt very gd at sprt—can run a marathn, if they train fr it.
37. What did the crwd d when the leader came int the stadium?
A. They std up quietly.B. They shuted with excitement.
C. They carried him t the line.D. They cried sadly.
38. Hw is the secnd paragraph develped?
A. By fllwing time rder.B. By listing numbers.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By giving reasns.
39. What d we knw abut the marathn accrding t the passage?
A. The name f the race cmes frm a battle in Greece.
B. The Marathns have the same length all the time.
C. The Great Wall Marathn is the easiest curse t run.
D. Peple nt gd at sprt cannt run a marathn unless trained.
40. Which is the mst special marathn mentined in the passage?
A. The Marathn in Lndn in 1908.
B. The Great Wall Marathn.
C. The Marathn in New Yrk.
D. The Marathn in 1896.
【答案】37. B 38. A 39. D 40. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了奥运会的最后一个比赛项目——马拉松，以及其的开始、变化和有趣的故事等。
37. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As the leader cmes int the stadium t run the last few meters f the 42-kilmeter race, the crwd rises t its feet t shut and cheer. (当领跑者进入体育场跑完42公里比赛的最后几米时，人群起立欢呼)”可知，当领跑者走进体育场时，人群兴奋地叫喊起来。故选B。
38. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The marathn has been an Olympic event since the mdern games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilmeters—the distance between Marathn and Athens. In 1908, hwever, at the Lndn Olympics, it was changed. (自1896年现代奥运会开始以来，马拉松一直是奥运会的比赛项目。起初，马拉松到雅典的距离是40公里。然而，在1908年的伦敦奥运会上，它被改变了)”可知，第二段按照时间顺序展开。故选A。
39. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But experts believe that mst peple—even peple wh are nt very gd at sprt—can run a marathn, if they train fr it.(但是专家们相信，大多数人——即使是那些不擅长运动的人——如果他们为此训练的话，都可以跑马拉松)”可知，不擅长运动的人不经过训练是跑不了马拉松的。故选D。
40. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“But perhaps ne f the mst beautiful and unique marathns ever is the Great Wall Marathn, which mst cmpetitrs find is the tughest curse t run. (但长城马拉松可能是有史以来最美丽、最独特的马拉松之一，大多数参赛者都觉得它是最难跑的赛道)”可知，长城马拉松是文中提到的最特别的马拉松。故选B。
（23·24上·荆州·期末）If yu’ve ever thught that dgs seem t knw when peple are stressed, yu were right. Scientists in Ireland ran an experiment which shwed that dgs can tell the difference between the smell f a persn when they’re relaxed and when they’re stressed.
Researchers at Queen’s University Belfast, led by scientist Clara Wilsn, wrked with fur dgs. They taught the dgs t use a special smell-testing device with three penings. The scientists used treats and rewards (奖励) t train the dgs t find and signal the crrect pening. Over time, the dgs were given harder and harder smelling jbs. The final gal was t see if they culd smell stress in the breath and sweat f a persn.
S the researchers cllected breath and sweat samples (样品) frm 36 different peple. They gt samples when the peple were calm, and als when they were stressed. T stress peple ut, the scientists asked a really difficult math prblem, and frced peple t d it in their heads quickly. And they weren’t nice abut it. They kept telling the peple t hurry up, and didn’t give them any help. That lasted fr three minutes. Then the researchers cllected tw mre sweat and breath samples. They als asked the peple abut their level f stress, and measured their heart rates and bld pressure. Mst peple said they felt very stressed. On average, the heart rate increased frm abut 91 beats per minute t abut 105 beats per minute.
The scientists used ne f the stressed samples, alng with tw clean pieces f clth, t train the dgs t find the stressed smell. Then came the challenge- the dgs had three chices: a sample frm a calm persn, a stressed sample frm that same persn, and a clean piece f clth. In all, the dgs did 720 f these tests. They crrectly identified the stressed sample abut 94% f the time.
45. What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A. The smell- testing device was made by Clara.
B. Clara Wilsn was an expert in training dgs.
C. The fur dgs cncentrated n the experiment.
D. The experiment was carried ut step by step.
46. Hw des the third paragraph develp?
A. By cmparisn.B. By giving examples.
C. By stating the prcess.D. By shwing research findings.
47. What was the challenge fr the dg?
A. Hundreds f tests.B. A clean piece f clth.
C. The sample frm the same persn.D. The sample frm different persns.
48. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Dgs’ Special Ability Prves UsefulB. Scientists Train Dgs T Tell Smells
C. An Experiment abut Smell Shcks UsD. Scientists Learn That Dgs Can Smell Stress
【答案】45. D 46. C 47. C 48. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是研究表明狗能够通过气味辨别出人类是否有压力。
45. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The scientists used treats and rewards (奖励) t train the dgs t find and signal the crrect pening. Over time, the dgs were given harder and harder smelling jbs.(科学家们用食物和奖励来训练狗找到正确的开口并发出信号。随着时间的推移，狗被分配越来越难闻的工作。)”可知，实验是逐步进行的。故选D。
46. 推理判断题。根据第三段“S the researchers cllected breath and sweat samples (样品) frm 36 different peple. They gt samples when the peple were calm, and als when they were stressed. T stress peple ut, the scientists asked a really difficult math prblem, and frced peple t d it in their heads quickly. And they weren’t nice abut it. They kept telling the peple t hurry up, and didn’t give them any help. That lasted fr three minutes. Then the researchers cllected tw mre sweat and breath samples. They als asked the peple abut their level f stress, and measured their heart rates and bld pressure.(因此，研究人员从36个不同的人身上收集了呼吸和汗液样本。他们在人们平静时和有压力时采集了样本。为了给人们施加压力，科学家们问了一道非常难的数学题，并强迫人们快速心算。他们对此并不友好。他们不停地叫人们快点，却不给他们任何帮助。这持续了三分钟。然后，研究人员又收集了两份汗液和呼吸样本。他们还询问了人们的压力水平，并测量了他们的心率和血压。)”可知，本段主要是通过叙述实验的过程来展开的。故选C。
47. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Then came the challenge- the dgs had three chices: a sample frm a calm persn, a stressed sample frm that same persn, and a clean piece f clth. In all, the dgs did 720 f these tests.(然后是挑战——狗有三个选择：一个平静的人的样本，同一个人的紧张时的样本，还有一块干净的布。这些狗总共做了720个这样的测试。)”可知，对于狗的挑战是来自同一个人的样本。故选C。
48. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists in Ireland ran an experiment which shwed that dgs can tell the difference between the smell f a persn when they re relaxed and when they’re stressed.(爱尔兰科学家进行的一项实验表明，狗狗可以分辨出一个人在放松和紧张时的气味。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究表明，狗能够通过气味辨别出人类是否有压力，因此D选项“Scientists Learn That Dgs Can Smell Stress(科学家发现狗狗可以嗅出压力)”能够概括本文中心，可作为最好的题目。故选D。
（21·22下·漳州·期末）Back-t-back typhns that attacked reefs(礁) and turned crals upside dwn hit in 2014 and 2015 in Australia sea, which ruined the cral ecsystem.
Feeling “abslutely shcked”, Stephen Simpsn, a bilgist at the University f Bristl, decided t channel his srrw int actin. In 2017, he piled up cral remains t build dzens f new small reefs. He placed speakers nearby t play recrdings made when the reefs were healthy. “As I wish, twice as many yung fish settled n the reefs near these speakers”, he says.
In a new paper, Brittany Williams, a graduate student at the University f Adelaide, reviewed prjects that used sund t help restre marine(海洋的) ecsystems. “We wanted t prve that sund has great ptential”, she says. That ptential arises frm the fact that a healthy cean is nisy: fish whistle, dlphins scream, and spiny lbsters play their feeler like vilins. Like the nise f a big city, the familiar sund f a healthy habitat attracts yung creatures that are seeking a permanent hme.
The experiments shwed that sund is ne f the signals baby fish use t find and settle n a cral reef after spending their first weeks swimming in the pen cean. “We realized that the fish might be hearing their way hme,” says Williams.
In experiments begun during her pstgraduate degree, Williams put ysters(牡蛎) int jars and played sme f them a recrding frm a wasteland where an yster reef used t be. Other ysters were played nthing, while a third grup heard the sund f a restred reef. The ysters that heard the restred reef were abut twice as likely as the thers t settle and attach themselves at the bttm f the jar.
61. Why did Stephen Simpsn take actin n the reefs?
A. T play recrdings fr fishes.B. T make the sea peaceful again.
C. T create larger and newer reefs.D. T rebuilding the reef cmmunity.
62. What des Williams want t see?
A. Dlphins wn’t hurt ther creatures.B. Sea animals have a green habitat.
C. Fish grw much bigger and faster.D. There’re srts f sunds in the cean.
63. What may be the key t ensuring the future f the cean accrding t the research?
A. Sund.B. Reefs.C. Climate.D. Humans.
64. Hw des the fifth paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cntrasts.
C. By prviding statistics.D. By analyzing the causes.
【答案】61. D 62. D 63. A 64. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚珊瑚礁被台风袭击之后，布里斯托尔大学的生物学家斯蒂芬·辛普森建造了几十个新的小珊瑚礁，然后利用播放珊瑚礁健康时的录音吸引了许多海洋鱼类来此定居，表明了声音对帮助修复海洋生态系统的重要性。
61. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 2017, he piled up cral remains t build dzens f new small reefs. He placed speakers nearby t play recrdings made when the reefs were healthy. “As I wish, twice as many yung fish settled n the reefs near these speakers”, he says. (2017年，他堆积珊瑚残骸，建造了数十个新的小珊瑚礁。他把扬声器放在附近，播放珊瑚礁健康时的录音。他说，“正如我所愿，有两倍多的小鱼栖息在这些扬声器附近的珊瑚礁上。”)”可知，辛普森建造了几十个新的小珊瑚礁，同时播放珊瑚礁健康时的录音，为的是吸引幼鱼来此定居，维持生态平衡。由此可知，辛普森希望重建珊瑚礁社区。故选D项。
62. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的““We wanted t prve that sund has great ptential”, she says. That ptential arises frm the fact that a healthy cean is nisy: fish whistle, dlphins scream, and spiny lbsters play their feeler like vilins.(“我们想证明声音有巨大的潜力”，她说。这种潜力来自于健康的海洋是嘈杂的：鱼在吹口哨，海豚在尖叫，多刺的龙虾像拉小提琴一样弹奏它们的触角。)”可知，威廉姆斯想看到的是一个健康的充满各种各样声音的海洋生态系统。故选D项。
63. 推理判断题。根据第四段整段“The experiments shwed that sund is ne f the signals baby fish use t find and settle n a cral reef after spending their first weeks swimming in the pen cean. “We realized that the fish might be hearing their way hme,” says Williams.(实验表明，声音是幼鱼在辽阔的大海中游泳的头几个星期后用来寻找和定居珊瑚礁的信号之一。“我们意识到，鱼可能听到了回家的声音，”威廉姆斯说。)”可知，声音对海洋生物很重要，它们可以用来寻找栖息地，因此可知声音是保证海洋的未来的关键。故选A项。
64. 推理判断题。根据第五段“In experiments begun during her pstgraduate degree, Williams put ysters(牡蛎) int jars and played sme f them a recrding frm a wasteland where an yster reef used t be. Other ysters were played nthing, while a third grup heard the sund f a restred reef. The ysters that heard the restred reef were abut twice as likely as the thers t settle and attach themselves at the bttm f the jar.(在研究生阶段开始的实验中，威廉姆斯把牡蛎放进罐子里，给第一组牡蛎播放其中一些牡蛎的录音，录音来自一片曾经有牡蛎礁的荒地。第二组牡蛎什么也没播放，而第三组则听到珊瑚礁修复的声音。听到修复后礁石声音的牡蛎在罐子底部定居和附着的可能性大约是其他牡蛎的两倍。)”可知，威廉姆斯通过三组实验对比来判断声音是否对于牡蛎选择定居地有影响。故选B项。
（21·22·泰州·模拟预测）A bld test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihd f dying frm heart disease r a strke (中风) has been develped.
Researchers tk samples f bld frm 22,949 peple and analyzed the levels f abut 5,000 prteins within it. They then used machine learning t detect whether there was a link between the prteins that circulate in a persn’s bldstream and their risk f heart disease. The study identified a particular “prtein signature” that accurately predicts the chance f suffering a heart attack, strke r heart failure ver a fur-year perid.
Currently, dctrs assess the likelihd f patients suffering heart prblems by lking at factrs including weight, bld pressure, age and chlesterl (胆固醇) levels. Hwever, bld prtein analysis can prvide mre accurate clues t the state f a persn’s health. The technlgy was fund t be twice as accurate as existing tls at measuring a patient’s heart risk. The bld test culd als prvide a faster way f detecting whether patients’ existing medicatin (药物治疗) is wrking and helping t reduce their risk. Existing risk assessments struggle t d this.
The bld test was develped by SmaLgic, based in Bulder, Clrad. The cmpany is als wrking with scientists at Imperial Cllege Lndn t help develp a bld test t detect cancer. Prfessr Eli Ribli said this culd lead t widespread screening fr many different types f cancers, which is nt pssible using existing techniques. His team will wrk with SmaLgic t analyze 15,000 bld samples frm peple wh had develped cancer, cmparing them with 10,000 samples frm peple wh did nt. The results will be used t establish whether there are prtein markers that culd indicate if smene is at risk frm the disease.
In 2019, a trial began in Leeds t use SmaLgic’s technlgy t assess peple’s risk f diabetes, and als the effectiveness f lifestyle changes in preventing the cnditin. Dr Michael Messenger, head f the Leeds Centre fr Persnalized Medicine and Health, said that it culd help tailr treatments t individual patients. “Persnalized medicine lets us take a deeper lk at each persn’s individual bilgy, s we can better understand what the right advice r treatment, at the right time, might be.”
65. What can be learned frm the secnd paragraph?
A. Abut 5,000 prteins exist in peple’s bld.
B. Different methds were adpted in the research.
C. Altgether 22,949 peple vlunteered fr the study.
D. The “prtein signature” in the bld causes heart diseases.
66. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By making classificatins.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
67. What can be learned frm the passage?
A. Persnalized medicine is becming a tendency.
B. Prtein markers will indicate sme risks f cancer.
C. SmaLgic’s technlgy will have a wider applicatin.
D. Bld prtein analysis is mst advanced in predicting diseases.
68. What is the text mainly abut?
A. New appraches t ding bld tests.
B. An easy way t prevent deadly diseases.
C. The advantages f bld prtein analysis.
D. A bld test t predict the risk f heart attack death.
【答案】65. B 66. C 67. C 68. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性。
65. 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Researchers tk samples f bld frm 22,949 peple and analyzed the levels f abut 5,000 prteins within it. They then used machine learning t detect whether there was a link between the prteins that circulate in a persn’s bldstream and their risk f heart disease.”（研究人员采集了22949个人的血液样本，分析了其中约5000种蛋白质的含量。然后，他们利用机器学习来检测血液中循环的蛋白质与心脏病风险之间是否存在联系。）可知，研究中分别采用了采集血液样本和利用机器检测等方式，由此可知，研究中采用了不同的方法。故选B项。
66. 推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Hwever, bld prtein analysis can prvide mre accurate clues t the state f a persn’s health. The technlgy was fund t be twice as accurate as existing tls at measuring a patient’s heart risk.”（然而，血液蛋白质分析可以为一个人的健康状况提供更准确的线索。研究发现，该技术在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度是现有工具的两倍。）可知，第三段中将血液检测和现有工具在测量患者心脏风险方面的准确度上进行了对比，血液蛋白质分析能够提供更准确的线索，准确度是现有工具的两倍，由此可知，第三段是通过进行比较展开的。故选C项。
67. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Prfessr Eli Ribli said this culd lead t widespread screening fr many different types f cancers, which is nt pssible using existing techniques. ”（埃利奥·里博利教授说，这可能导致对许多不同类型癌症的广泛筛查，而这是使用现有技术所不可能做到的）可知，由此可知，SmaLgic的技术将有更广泛的应用。故选C项。
68. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“A bld test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihd f dying frm heart disease r a strke (中风) has been develped.”（一种能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风可能性的血液测试已经开发出来。）可知，文章主要介绍了一种新开发出来的血液测试，能够准确预测患者死于心脏病或中风的可能性，由此可知，文章主要讲的是预测心脏病发作死亡风险的血液测试。故选D项。
（21·22·长春·模拟预测）ETH Zurich researchers led by rbtics prfessr Marc Hutter have develped a new cntrl apprach that enables a legged rbt, called ANYmal, t mve quickly and steadily ver difficult landfrm. Thanks t machine learning, the rbt can cmbine its visual perceptin (感知) f the envirnment with its sense f tuch fr the first time.
Steep sectins n slippery grund, high steps, stne and frest trails full f rts: the path up the 1098-metre-high Munt Etzel at the suthern end f Lake Zurich is filled with masses f barriers. But ANYmal, the legged rbt frm the Rbtic Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, vercmes the 120 vertical metres effrtlessly in a 31-minute hike. That’s 4 minutes faster than the evaluated duratin fr human hikers and with n falls r missteps.
This is made pssible by a new cntrl technlgy, which researchers at ETH Zurich led by Marc Hutter recently presented in the jurnal Science Rbtics. “The rbt has learned t cmbine visual perceptin f its envirnment with its sense f tuch based n direct leg cntact (接触). This allws it t cpe with rugh landfrm faster, mre efficiently and, abve all, mre steadily,” Hutter says.
Befre the rbt culd put its abilities t the test in the real wrld, Marc Hutter expsed the system t masses f barriers and surces f errr in a virtual training camp. This let the netwrk learn the perfect way fr the rbt t vercme barriers, as well as when it can rely n envirnmental data and when it wuld d better t ignre that data. “With this training, the rbt is able t master the mst difficult natural landfrm withut having seen it befre,” says ETH Zurich Prfessr Hutter.
In the future, ANYmal can be used anywhere that is t dangerus fr humans r t impassable fr ther rbts. Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, r during a frest fire, rbts like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is t dangerus fr humans and where ther rbts cannt cpe with the difficult landfrm.
69. Hw was ANYmal’s 120-vertical-metre hike in the end?
A. Tugh.B. Successful.C. Challenging.D. Attractive.
70. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By analyzing reasns.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By listing data.D. By giving examples.
71. What can be inferred abut ANYmal?
A. It had n truble in a lng hike.B. It has been applied t test landfrm.
C. It needed tests befre being put int use.D. It vercame barriers based n indirect leg cntact.
72. What des the authr cnvey in the last paragraph?
A. Disasters’ severity.B. Humans’ limitatin.
C. ANYmal’s future appearance.D. ANYmal’s develpment ptential.
【答案】69. B 70. A 71. C 72. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为ANYmal的步行机器人及它的作用。
69. 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“But ANYmal, the legged rbt frm the Rbtic Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, vercmes the 120 vertical metres effrtlessly in a 31-minute hike. That’s 4 minutes faster than the evaluated duratin fr human hikers and with n falls r missteps.”（但苏黎世联邦理工学院机器人系统实验室的步行机器人ANYmal在31分钟的徒步旅行中轻松地克服了120米的垂直距离。这比人类徒步旅行者估计的持续时间快4分钟，而且没有摔倒或失误。）可知，ANYmal轻松完成了120米的垂直距离的徒步旅行，而且没有摔倒或失误，由此可知，ANYmal的120米垂直徒步旅行最终的结果是成功的。故选B项。
70. 推理判断题。根据第三段内容“This is made pssible by a new cntrl technlgy, which researchers at ETH Zurich led by Marc Hutter recently presented in the jurnal Science Rbtics. “The rbt has learned t cmbine visual perceptin f its envirnment with its sense f tuch based n direct leg cntact (接触). This allws it t cpe with rugh landfrm faster, mre efficiently and, abve all, mre steadily,” Hutter says.”（这是由一种新的控制技术实现的，由马尔科·赫特领导的苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究人员最近在《科学机器人学》杂志上介绍了这项技术。赫特说：“机器人已经学会了将对环境的视觉感知与基于直接腿部接触的触觉相结合。这使得它能够更快、更有效、更稳定地应对崎岖的地形。”）可知，上文介绍了机器人ANYmal轻松完成了120米的垂直距离的徒步旅行，本段内容介绍了ANYmal能够完成这一任务的原因，这是由一种新的控制技术实现的，由此可知，第三段是通过分析原因展开的。故选A项。
71. 推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Befre the rbt culd put its abilities t the test in the real wrld, Marc Hutter expsed the system t masses f barriers and surces f errr in a virtual training camp.”（在机器人能够在现实世界中测试其能力之前，马尔科·赫特在虚拟训练营中将该系统暴露于大量障碍和错误源中。）可知，机器人能够在现实世界中应用之前，需要在虚拟训练营中进行反复测试，由此可推断出，ANYmal在投入使用之前需要进行测试。故选C项。
72. 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“In the future, ANYmal can be used anywhere that is t dangerus fr humans r t impassable fr ther rbts. Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, r during a frest fire, rbts like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is t dangerus fr humans and where ther rbts cannt cpe with the difficult landfrm.”（未来，ANYmal可以用于任何对人类来说太危险或对其他机器人来说太难通行的地方。无论是在地震后、核灾难后，还是在森林火灾期间，像ANYmal这样的机器人都可以主要用于任何对人类来说太危险的地方，以及其他机器人无法应对的困难地形。）可知，未来，ANYmal可以用于任何对人类来说太危险或对其他机器人来说太难通行的地方，由此可知，作者在最后一段介绍了ANYmal的发展潜力。故选D项。
（20·21·宜宾·二模）The era f intelligent hme is n the way... A smart pet-flap based n lift dr technlgy that lets pets in — but keeps fxes ut —has been made public at the wrld’s largest tech cnference. The MyQ Pet Prtal is the latest tl t prmise t revlutinise petkeeping.
Fr $2,999 wners get a new dr featuring sliding drs that are unnticeable when clsed. The family pet is equipped with a Bluetth cllar that sends a signal t the sensr hidden in the dr which then infrms the wner.
A smart phne app allws the wner t chse whether t pen the dr, with a vide and audi stream (音频流) enabling the wner t see and talk t their pet. “ It is a slutin fr hmewners wh want t keep the security and the appearance f their hme in gd cnditin while prviding their pets with the freedm t play n demand,” the cmpany claims. MyQ is wned by Chamberlain Grup, a US cmpany specialising in garage drs.
The dr cmes with an “aut-clse and lck system” that triggers after the dg ges thrugh t ensure that n ther pets r fxes can use it. There is als the ptin t let a dg pen the dr autmatically when it appraches, withut the need fr the wners’ apprval.
Samsung revealed a rbt called Bt Handy that can, it is claimed, pick up laundry, lad the dishwasher, set the table, pur wine, and fetch drinks. There was als an app r vice-cntrlled bathtub frm Khler, a US maker f bathrm prducts, which attempts t make the spa experience at hme pssible. The tub, csting up t $8,700, can cnnect t vice assistants such as Alexa that will tell it t run the water, adjust the temperature r release scents.
77. What is the MyQ Pet Prtal based n?
A. The bluetth technlgy.
B. The lift dr technlgy.
C. The latest rbt technlgy.
D. The vice-cntrlled technlgy.
78. Hw des the pet dg g thrugh the dr?
A. By pushing the dr itself.
B. With a sensr in the cllar.
C. By sending a signal t its wner.
D. With the aut-clse and lck system.
79. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By cmparing data.
B. By analyzing the reasns.
C. By giving typical examples.
D. By presenting varius ideas.
80. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The revlutin f keeping pets.
B. The advertisement fr sliding drs.
C. The applicatin and prmtin f a smart app.
D. The intrductin t hme intelligent prducts.
【答案】77. B 78. D 79. C 80. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文，智能家居时代正在到来，文章主要介绍了几款智能家居产品。
77. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A smart pet-flap based n lift dr technlgy that lets pets in—but keeps fxes ut—has been made public at the wrld’s largest tech cnference.(一款以电梯门技术为基础的能让宠物进入——但是把狐狸拦在外面——的智能宠物门在全球最大的科技大会上亮相。)”可知，MyQ Pet Prtal是基于电梯门技术。故选B项。
78. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The dr cmes with an “aut-clse and lck system” that triggers after the dg ges thrugh t ensure that n ther pets r fxes can use it.(这扇门配有自动关闭和锁定系统，狗狗通过后会自动启动，以确保其他宠物或狐狸不能使用它。)”可知，狗狗是通过自动关闭和锁定系统进门的。故选D项。
79. 推理判断题。文章第一句“The era f intelligent hme is n the way”提到“智能家居时代正在到来”，接着举了智能宠物门MyQ Pet Prtal的例子，所以文章是通过给出典型的例子来行文的。故选C项。
80. 主旨大意题。文章第一句“The era f intelligent hme is n the way”提到“智能家居时代正在到来”，然后文章具体介绍了MyQ Pet Prtal，这款产品彻底改变了宠物饲养，最后一段提到三星推出的Bt Handy机器人及美国的声控浴缸，所以本文主要是介绍智能家居产品。故选D项。
（20·21·重庆·二模）Plastic baby bttles shed micrplastics when heated. Shuld yu be wrried abut its side-effects? We still dn’t have enugh evidence f health risks psed by micrplastic cnsumptins by infants r adults.
“The last thing we want t d is unduly alarm parents,” said Jhn Bland, a prfessr at Trinity Cllege Dublin in Ireland and ne f the authrs f the Nature Fd study. While the health effects f micrplastics are still unknwn, parents can significantly reduce their infants’ expsure by adding sme steps t their bttle preparatin rutine, Bland said. He recmmends letting plastic bttles cl cmpletely after sterilizatin(消毒) in ht water, then washing them ut at least three times with water that’s been allwed t cl t rm temperature after being sterilized by biling. Researchers here als fund that plastic tea kettles, plastic instant ndle cups and plastic fd strage cntainers all released similarly high levels f micrplastics when subjected t heat.
As fr what thse micrplastics may be ding in ur bdies, the evidence s far is quite limited and unclear, Schwabl said that pints t a need fr mre research int micrplastics released frm plastic fd strage cntainers, especially when they are subjected t higher temperatures. He nted sme research has fund micrplastics can cause inflammatin(发炎) in the rgans, while ther studies “shw they d nt harm.” “The threshld at which they cause prblems has nt been determined fr humans,” Schwabl said. Fr nw, Schwabl agrees we shuldn’t panic. He’s aviding plastic cntainers in his daily life – “nt s much that I am afraid f the ingestin, but I think thereby I may be cntributing t reducing the amunt f plastic waste” that makes its way int the envirnment.
At the mment, there is n need t be afraid, but it is an pen questin and definitely an unmet need.
81. What des the underlined wrd “unduly” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prperly.B. Extremely.C. Obviusly.D. Specially.
82. Which factr cunts in the release f micrplastics?
A. Temperature.B. Prducts.C. Time.D. Cntainers.
83. What’s the Schwabl’s attitude twards micrplastics?
A. Panic.B. Caring.C. Indifference.D. Critical.
84. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By prviding the examples.B. By reasning the readers.
C. By analyzing the figures.D. By cmparing the findings.
【答案】81. B 82. A 83. B 84. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。塑料奶瓶在加热时会释放微塑料，但研究人员认为微塑料对人体的影响尚不清楚，家长不必过于担心。
81. 词义猜测题。结合第二段划线词后面一句“While the health effects f micrplastics are still unknwn”及文章最后一段中“At the mment, there is n need t be afraid”可知，微塑料对健康的影响尚不清楚，目前不必害怕，由此可推知，划线句“The last thing we want t d is unduly alarm parents”意为“我们最不想做的事情就是过度警告家长”。“unduly”意为“过度”。故选B项。
82. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He recmmends letting plastic bttles cl cmpletely after sterilizatin(消毒) in ht water, then washing them ut at least three times with water that’s been allwed t cl t rm temperature after being sterilized by biling.(他建议让在热水中消毒后的塑料奶瓶完全冷却，然后用通过煮沸消毒后冷却至室温的水冲洗至少三次。)”和“Researchers here als fund that plastic tea kettles, plastic instant ndle cups and plastic fd strage cntainers all released similarly high levels f micrplastics when subjected t heat.(研究人员还发现，塑料茶壶、塑料方便面杯和塑料食物储存容器在受热时都会释放出同样高水平的微塑料。)”可知，塑料制品在受热时会释放出微塑料，所以温度在微塑料的释放中起作用。故选A项。
83. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Schwabl said that pints t a need fr mre research int micrplastics released frm plastic fd strage cntainers, especially when they are subjected t higher temperatures.(Schwabl说，这表明有必要对塑料食品储存容器释放的微塑料进行更多的研究，特别是当它们处于较高温度下时。)”可知，Schwabl对微塑料是关心的态度。故选B项。
84. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Researchers here als fund that...”及第三段中“He nted sme research has fund micrplastics can cause inflammatin(发炎) in the rgans, while ther studies “shw they d nt harm.”(他指出一些研究发现微塑料可以导致器官发炎，而其他的研究“表明它们没有害处。”)”可知，文章是通过对比研究结果来进行叙述的。故选D项。