专题12 科普新知-中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

这是一份专题12 科普新知-中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练，共16页。

01
Whether yellw, red r white, the nin is a vegetable that yu may nt knw well. The list f uses in cking fr it is endless. Peple have used nins t add flavr (味道) t their fds fr thusands f years. Besides nins’ great taste, they are very gd fr yu. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that imprve yur ability t fight ff sickness and yu have fewer chances f getting a disease.
N matter hw gd nins are fr yu, it is difficult t cut an nin withut yur eyes filling with tears! When yu cut int an nin, irritating chemicals inside the nin will get int the air. They tuch yur whle eves and cause pain. Yur eyes make tears t wash away the chemicals and prtect yur eyes.
Luckily, cks and scientists have discvered sme ways t keep yu frm crying when yu cut up nins:
●Cut the nin under running water. The water will wash away the chemicals befre they can reach yur eyes.
●Use a fan t blw air ver the nin as yu cut it. The air will blw the chemicals away frm yur eyes.
●Put the nin in a fridge fr an hur befre cutting. This helps make the chemicals in the nin mve slwly, s they may nt ever reach yur eyes.
If yu try ut these gd ideas and still cry while cutting nins, dn’t wrry. Scientists think if yu cut mre nins, yur bdy will becme mre resilient t the nin’s chemicals. S the tears will nt last lng. If yu think abut hw healthy nins are, yu might even call thse tears “happy tears”.
1．Why can nins help yu fight ff sickness?
A．Because they have different clrs.B．Because they have many uses in cking.
C．Because they have great taste.D．Because they have special chemicals.
2．Why d yur eyes make tears when yu cut nins?
A．T imprve physical cnditin.B．T prevent cmmn diseases.
C．T wash away irritating chemicals.D．T cause terrible pain.
3．What can yu d t stp crying accrding t the text?
① Cut the nin under running water.
② Use a fan t blw air ver the nin while cutting.
③ Cver the nin with a piece f clth as yu cut it.
④ Put the nin in a fridge fr an hur befre cutting.
A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④
4．In which sectin f a magazine can yu prbably read the text?
A．Life and Health.B．Language and Culture.
C．Business Wrld.D．Natinal News.
02
It’s said that China uses 45 billin pairs f chpsticks a year. Here’s sme infrmatin abut chpstick’s histry.
Chpsticks have a lng histry f mre than 3,000 years in China. The recrded histry f chpsticks is as early as the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC). Accrding t an article abut Chinese histry, the emperr f the Shang Dynasty (商朝) used chpsticks made f ivry.
Legends (传说) abut hw chpsticks were invented
▲ One is abut Jiang Ziya. He was tld by a bird t use bamb sticks t pick up meat. When smke came frm bamb sticks, he fund ut that his wife wanted t use pisnus (有毒的) fd t kill him.
▲ Anther is abut Da Ji. She used t please Emperr Zhu by picking up ht meat with hair sticks.
▲ The third ne is abut Da Yu. He invented wden chpsticks t pick up ht fd t save time ver the meal while preparing fr fld cntrl wrk (控制洪水).
Materials f chpsticks
●Bamb has been the mst ppular material used fr chpsticks because it is nt expensive, easy-t-get, resistant (有抵抗力的) t heat, and has n terrible dr r taste.
●Wd: Cedar, sandal wd, teak and pine have als been used.
●Jade (玉、翡翠) and metal: In the past, the wealthy peple had chpsticks made f jade. Peple als used sme metals such as gld and silver t make chpsticks.
● Prcelain (瓷器) and plastic: These tw materials are used in mdern times because f the develpment f technlgy.
5．Hw many legends are mentined (被提到) in the passage?
A．Three.B．Fur.C．Five.D．Six.
6．Wh wanted t kill Jiang Ziya accrding t the passage ?
A．Da Ji.B．Da Yu.C．The emperr.D．His wife.
7．What des the underlined wrd “dr” prbably mean in Chinese ?
A．硬度B．触觉C．气味D．视觉
8．Which f the fllwing is NOT the reasn why bamb is used t make chpsticks?
A．Bamb is resistant t heat.B．Bamb grws fast everywhere.
C．Bamb is nt expensive t get.D．Bamb desn’t taste terrible.
9．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T tell us sme legends f using chpsticks.
B．T explain why chpsticks are ppular.
C．T tell us hw t use chpsticks t eat meals.
D．T tell us sme infrmatin abut chpsticks.
03
We all knw the strange feeling f watching the time change n a clck. Yu never see it change because the hands mve s slwly. But f curse, the time is changing all the time.
Human faces, like clck faces, are als changing. And like clcks, the changes take place t slwly t be nticed. Over many thusands f years, thugh, huge changes are pssible. Fr example, the human brain tripled (三倍) in size and began t think mre. Our faces became flatter (平坦的).
If ur heads became larger in the past, hw will things change in the future? Unlike the changes f a clck face, the changes in human faces are very difficult t predict (预测). One f the main reasns fr this is the way in which we can nw cntrl parts f nature. Hundreds f thusands f years ag, all changes were natural, but nw we can actively chse ways fr ur wn evlutin (进化).
Just a few hundred years ag, mst humans were wrking in the fields, whereas nwadays mre and mre peple receive educatin. These are just predictins, and n ne can be sure hw human beings will becme in the future. But with such huge changes in ur envirnment, it seems likely that we will lk very different in the future.
10．The changes f human are hardly nticed because ________.
A．human faces never changeB．the human brain becmes bigger
C．the changes take place t slwlyD．we never think abut the changes
11．The third paragraph tells us ________.
A．human faces can’t be cntrlled by us
B．human faces used t be changed by nature
C．it is easy t predict the changes in human changes
D．human can’t change the size f the brain in the future
12．Frm the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A．the predictins will surely be trueB．peple in the past liked t be educated
C．future humans must have larger headsD．humans will nt lk the same as tday
04
In the stry Snw White, the jealus queen decides t get rid f Snw White nce and fr all with an apple dipped in deadly pisn (毒药). Thanks t sme helpful dwarfs and a handsme prince, Snw White recvers (恢复). But the queen didn’t need t g t all that truble. In fact, apples, alng with many cmmn fruits we eat are already pisnus! But dn’t wrry—it wn’t harm yu. It’s nly the seeds yu need t avid.
Apple trees belng t a plant family called Prunus (蔷薇科树). This grup als includes peaches, cherries and s n. The seeds and pits (果核) f all these fruits cntain a chemical called amygdalin (苦杏仁苷). Inside an animal’s stmach, amygdalin turns int a strng pisn called cyanide (氰化物). And cyanide can make peple and animals very sick, r even kill them.
Still, dn’t wrry if yu accidentally swallw a few apple seeds. Each seed has nly a very tiny amunt f pisn. Yu’d have t eat a large bwlful f seeds t feel any effect. And yu’d need t chew them well—the hard, shiny shells f apple seeds keep the pisn lcked inside. Unchewed seeds usually pass right thrugh and cme ut whle in yur pp (粪便). But cws and ther animals ften chew up seeds alng with the fruit, s they can get sick frm eating apples and plums that fall t the grund.
Why wuld a tree make pisned seeds? T stp animals frm nibbling n them! Amygdalin tastes terrible. It’s als fund in leaves and ther parts f fruit trees. If a deer r cw chews n apple leaves, it gets a nasty taste and an upset stmach. Animals sn learn t leave thse trees alne. Thanks, amygdalin!
13．Why des the writer mentin the stry f Snw White in the first paragraph?
A．T amuse the readers.B．T prvide an example.
C．T express an pinin.D．T lead in t the tpic.
14．Accrding t the passage, amygdalin is cntained in ______.
A．AB．BC．CD．D
15．What des the underlined wrd “nibble” mean in paragraph fur?
A．plluteB．tuchC．breakD．eat
16．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE?
A．A tree makes pisned seeds t prtect itself.
B．There’s tiny amunt f pisn in each apple seed.
C．It’s nt harmful fr animals t chew up seeds with fruit.
D．It’s just OK t swallw several seeds withut chewing up.
05
Hw d peple think differently? This has always been unusual. T search an answer, a scientist named J. P. Guilfrd started a famus study f creativity in the 1970s, knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题). He asked the participants (参与者) t cnnect all nine dts using nly fur straight lines, withut lifting their pencils frm the page. All the participants lked fr slutins within the square they imagined. Only 20 percent managed t break ut f the square and cntinue their lines in the white space arund the dts, while the rest f them were blinded by the bundaries (边界) f the square.
The results f Guilfrd’s study led him t a cnclusin: creativity needs yu t g utside the bx. The idea was widely spread sn. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers hw t think utside the bx. The idea was s ppular that n ne thught f checking the facts. N ne, that is, befre tw different research teams— Clarke Burmham with Kenneth Davis, and Jseph Alba with Rbert Weisberg—did anther experiment.
T make sure that Guilfrd’s study is crrect, bth teams divided participants int tw grups. The first grup was given the same instructins as the participants in Guilfrd’s experiment. The secnd grup was tld t draw the lines utside the imagined bx. Guess what? Only a little mre than 20 percent slved the puzzle, which is n big difference frm the result f Guilfrd’s experiment.
Let’s lk a little mre clsely at the surprising result. Slving this prblem requires peple t think utside the bx. Hwever, direct and clear instructins t “think utside the bx” d nt help participants imprve their perfrmance. The widely spread idea that ut-f-the-bx thinking makes peple mre creative can, in sme way, be dangerus. After all, with ne simple but brilliant experiment, researchers had prved that the cnnectin between thinking utside the bx and creativity was a misunderstanding.
17．The nine-dt puzzle study is mainly fcused n ________.
A．hw peple d things in real lifeB．what peple see in the experiment
C．hw peple think in different waysD．what knwledge peple have learned
18．Why did the tw research teams d the fllwing experiment?
A．T discver the main idea f Guifrd’s study.B．T shw different views against Guifrd’s study.
C．T cllect supprting details fr Guifrd’s study.D．T duble-check the crrectness f Guifrd’s study.
19．Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A．bundaries smetimes make peple think less creatively
B．clear instructins influence hw peple slve prblems
C．few peple perfrmed better with the clear instructins
D．the methds f nine-dt puzzle study need t be imprved
20．Which is the best title fr the passage?
A．Puzzle Slving: A Key T CreativityB．Nine-Dt Puzzle: A Magic Test
C．Thinking Outside the Bx: A Misleading IdeaD．Creative Thinking: An Unusual Tpic
06
①Mst peple agree that hnesty is a gd thing. But des Mther Nature agree? Animals can’t talk, but can they lie in ther ways? Can they lie with their bdies and behavir? Animal experts may nt call it lying, but they d agree that many animals, frm birds t chimpanzees, behave dishnestly t fl ther animals. Why? Dishnesty ften helps them survive.
②Many kinds f birds are very successful at fling ther animals. Fr example, a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung. When a predatr gets clse t its nest, the plver leads the predatr away frm the nest. Hw? It pretends t have a brken wing. The predatr fllws the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
③Anther kind f bird, the scrub jay, buries its fd s it always has smething t eat. Scrub jays are als thieves. They watch where thers bury their fd and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem t knw when a thief is watching them. S they g back later, unbury the fd, and bury it again smewhere else.
④Birds called cucks have fund a way t have babies withut ding much wrk. Hw? They dn’t make nests. But they get int ther birds’ nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds cme ut, their adptive parents feed them.
⑤Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky. After a fight, the lsing chimp will give its hand t the ther. When the winning chimp puts ut its hand, t, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert nce saw a lsing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.
⑥Chimps are sneaky in ther ways, t. When chimps find fd that they lve, such as bananas, it is natural fr them t cry ut. Then ther chimps cme running. But sme clever chimps learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimps dn’t hear them, and they dn’t need t share their fd.
⑦As children, many f us learn the saying “Yu can’t fl Mther Nature.” But maybe yu can’t trust her, either.
21．A plver prtects its yung frm a predatr by ________.
A．getting clser t its yungB．driving away the adult predatr
C．leaving its yung in anther nestD．pretending t have a wund
22．By “Chimpanzees, r chimps, can als be sneaky” (Paragraph⑤), the authr means ________.
A．chimps are always hnestB．chimps are smetimes dishnest
C．chimps are ready t fight thersD．chimps can be selfish
23．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Cucks fl their adptive parents by making n nests.
B．The lsing chimp wn the fight by taking the winner’s hand.
C．Sme clever scrub jays ften steal their fd back.
D．Sme chimps lwer their cry t keep fd away frm thers.
24．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Hw des hnesty help animals survive?B．D animals lie?
C．Des Mther Nature fl animals?D．Hw d animals learn t lie?
07
These days, wearing a face mask (口罩) is a cmmn thing t d, and it helps prevent diseases during COVID-19. Hwever, that als means single-use face masks, glves, and ther PPE are the newest frms f rubbish n city streets, beaches, and in the cean.
This is bad fr all, and there are many reasns. And ne f the wrst nes is that the littered face masks can seriusly hurt animals. Ashley Frun, a member f an animal rights grup said, “Face masks aren’t ging away sn.” S when we thrw them away, they can be bad fr the envirnment and the animals that live n the same planet as us.
Mnkeys have been fund biting the straps (带子) f used masks in the hills utside Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur. This may make them lse their breath r even die. In Britain, a seabird’s legs have been fund tangled (缠住) in the straps f a mask fr up t a week. It was a painful experience fr the seabird.
It’s hard t believe that face masks that nce saved peple’s lives are nw killing wild animals. A large number f face masks are mving t the living places f animals. If yu wear a single-use face mask, make sure f thrwing it away prperly. Never litter it n the grund, r thrw it away utside, as the wind culd blw it away.
Please dn’t let the masks becme a night-mare fr wildlife. Thank yu fr ding yur part t keep all animals safe!
25．Which f the fllwing belngs t the newest frms f rubbish accrding t the passage?
①single-use face masks ②single-use glves ③single-use plastics ④single-use cups
A．①③B．①④C．②③D．①②
26．What des the underlined sentence mean?
A．Peple will stp wearing face masks in recent years.
B．Face masks can be blwn t a far place in a shrt time.
C．Face masks can be made int ther things sn.
D．It takes a lng time fr face masks t disappear.
27．Hw des the writer shw the harm f littered face masks n animals?
A．By giving reasns.B．By listing numbers.
C．By giving examples.D．By asking questins.
28．What can we infer (推断) frm the passage?
A．Animals like t play with masks.
B．Face masks are nly bad fr animals.
C．Face masks can be buried under the grund.
D．Whether face masks are gd r nt depends n hw peple deal with them.
29．Where can we mst prbably read this passage?
A．In a strybk.B．In a travel guide.
C．In a sprts newspaper.D．In an envirnmental magazine.
08
Can plants talk? Mdem research has fund smething amazing: they d 30 with each ther.
It has been knwn that plants use chemicals (化学物质) t cmmunicate with each ther. This happens 31 a plant gets attacked (攻击) by insects. The plant 32 chemicals frm the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, r a call fr help. When anther plant gets the chemicals, it starts t give ut its wn chemicals. Sme f these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract (吸引) the 33 . The bees kill the insects.
Mre 34 , plants have an amazing system f cmmunicatin that can cnnect nearly every 35 in a frest. Scientists call this system the “wd wide web”. The wd wide web cnnects different plants t each ther. Using the wd wide web, plants can 36 infrmatin and even fd with each ther. Hwever, sme plants may use it t 37 chemicals t attack ther plants. Perhaps ne day scientists will learn hw t create a “firewall” t help 38 these attacks within the wd wide web.
Scientists are studying t learn mre abut the secret 39 plants talk t each ther. Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut their cmmunicatin s that we are able t “talk” with them urselves.
30．A．agreeB．fightC．cmmunicateD．grw
31．A．andB．whenC．rD．s
32．A．gives upB．gives inC．gives utD．gives away
33．A．beesB．rabbitsC．bearsD．lins
34．A．heavilyB．smthlyC．usuallyD．surprisingly
35．A．animalB．plantC．wdD．flwer
36．A．searchB．receiveC．shareD．cllect
37．A．spreadB．sellC．streD．trade
38．A．startB．planC．leadD．stp
39．A．vicesB．wrdsC．waysD．languages
09
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Western cuntries, peple are used t drinking cld water when they’re 40 (thirst). And they always receive a glass f cld water alngside their meals at a restaurant. 41 in China we wuld get a cup f steaming ht water r tea instead. We drink ht water in fur 42 (seasn), n matter what the weather is like. It’s said that Chinese peple 43 (drink) ht water since thusands f years ag. Befre the 44 (twenty) century drinking ht water was the main treatment, especially during wars. And drinking raw (生的) water was a symbl 45 lw scial status (地位). The schlars and rich peple always drank tea. Later, tea became a rare (稀有的) prduct after years f war, s they 46 (natural) gt int the habit f drinking biled water.
Accrding t Chinese medicine, ur bdy has tw surces f energy—Yin and Yang. If Yang becmes t strng, ur bdy temperature will g up. We feel 47 (cmfrtable) and may get illnesses. Therefre, we have t return ur bdy t balance. Ht water is a Yin beverage, s when we’re sick, peple arund us will tell us t drink a lt f ht water. In winter, it is knwn t be gd t drink ht drinks just 48 (avid) catching cld.
S if a freigner in China asks fr water, there’s a gd chance that he r she will 49 (give) a cup f ht water.
参考答案
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。
1．细节理解题。根据“They have special chemicals (化学物质) that imprve yur ability t fight ff sickness and yu have fewer chances f getting a disease.”可知，洋葱能帮你战胜疾病是因为它们含有特别的化学物质。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“When yu cut int an nin, irritating chemicals inside the nin will get int the air. They tuch yur whle eves and cause pain. Yur eyes make tears t wash away the chemicals and prtect yur eyes.”可知，当你切洋葱时，洋葱内部的刺激性化学物质会进入空气中。它们会触摸你的整个眼睛，引起疼痛。你的眼睛会分泌眼泪来洗掉化学物质，保护你的眼睛。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“●Cut the nin under running water. ●Use a fan t blw air ver the nin as yu cut it. ●Put the nin in a fridge fr an hur befre cutting.”可知，可以在流水下切洋葱；切洋葱时，可以用电风扇在上面吹气；也可以把洋葱放在冰箱里一小时后再切。故选项①②④符合题意，故选B。
4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。由此可推测出，我们可以在杂志的生活与健康栏看到这篇文章。故选A。
5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。
5．细节理解题。根据“One is abut Jiang Ziya.”，“Anther is abut Da Ji.”和“The third ne is abut Da Yu.”可知，文中一共提到了三个有关于筷子的传说。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“When smke came frm bamb sticks, he fund ut that his wife wanted t use pisnus (有毒的) fd t kill him”可知，想杀姜子牙的人是他的妻子。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据“…r taste”可知，空处的单词和taste“味道”是并列关系，由此可推知dr的含义是“气味”。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“Bamb has been the mst ppular material used fr chpsticks because it is inexpensive, easy-t-get, resistant（有抵抗力的）t heat, and has n terrible dr r taste.”可知，竹子用来做筷子的原因有：价格便宜、易获得、耐热，并且没有糟糕的气味或味道。选项B“竹子长得很快”不是用来做筷子的原因。故选B。
9．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。因此可推知本文的写作目的是给我们介绍一些和筷子有关的信息。故选D。
10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。
10．细节理解题。根据“Human faces, like clck faces, are als changing. And like clcks, the changes take place t slwly t be nticed.”可知，人脸，就像钟面一样，也在变化，像时钟一样，这些变化发生得太慢以至于无法被注意到，即因为人脸变化的太慢，所以变化几乎没有被注意到。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据“One f the main reasns fr this is the way in which we can nw cntrl parts f nature. Hundreds f thusands f years ag, all changes were natural, but nw we can actively chse ways fr ur wn evlutin.”可知，数十万年前，所有的变化都是自然的，可推测人脸过去是自然变化的。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“But with such huge changes in ur envirnment, it seems likely that we will lk very different in the future.”可知，随着我们的环境发生巨大的变化，人类看起来会和现在不一样。故选D。
13．D 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文主要通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。
13．细节理解题。根据“In fact, apples, alng with many cmmn fruits we eat are already pisnus!”可知这里通过白雪公主的故事，来引出苹果有毒的话题。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据“The seeds and pits (果核) f all these fruits cntain a chemical called amygdalin (苦杏仁苷).”可知苦杏仁苷存在于蔷薇科树的种子和果核中。因此图中果核部分含有苦杏仁苷。故选B。
15．词义猜测题。根据“Amygdalin tastes terrible. It’s als fund in leaves and ther parts f fruit trees. If a deer r cw chews n apple leaves, it gets a nasty taste and an upset stmach.”。可知植物含有苦杏仁苷是为了防止动物吃掉它们，因此划线单词的意思是吃。故选D
16．细节理解题。根据“But cws and ther animals ften chew up seeds alng with the fruit, s they can get sick frm eating apples and plums that fall t the grund.”可知如果动物吃了果核和种子会生病。因此C选项是不正确的。故选C。
17．C 18．D 19．C 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P. Guilfrd的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilfrd得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。
17．细节理解题。根据“Hw d peple think differently? This has always been unusual. T search an answer, a scientist named J. P. Guilfrd started a famus study f creativity in the 1970s, knwn as the nine-dt puzzle (九点谜题).”可知，“九点谜题”这项研究主要关注的是人们是如何用不同的方法思考的，故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据“T make sure that Guilfrd’s study is crrect, bth teams divided participants int tw grups.”可知，这两支研究队做实验的目的是为了再次验证Guifrd研究的正确性，故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据“The secnd grup was tld t draw the lines utside the imagined bx. Guess what? Only a little mre than 20 percent slved the puzzle, which is n big difference frm the result f Guilfrd’s experiment.”可知，就算有明确的指示，第二队也只有20%多一点点的人解决了这个谜题，换句话说，即使有明确的指示也几乎没有人做的更好，故选C。
20．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P. Guilfrd的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilfrd得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。所以选项C“跳出思维定势：一个误导性的想法”是最好的标题，故选C。
21．D 22．B 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了动物也会撒谎，撒谎可以帮助它们生存。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话“Fr example, a bird called the plver smetimes pretends t be hurt in rder t prtect its yung.”可知啄木鸟保护孩子不受猎食动物侵害是通过假装受伤，故选D。
22．词句猜测题。根据第五段的最后一句“ But an animal expert nce saw a lsing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.”（一个输了的大猩猩抓住获胜的大猩猩的手又开始打斗了）可知，这句话的意思是大猩猩也可能不诚实，故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“But sme clever chimps learn t cry very sftly when they find fd. That way, ther chimps dn’t hear them, and they dn’t need t share their fd.” 可知，一些大猩猩放低它们的叫声，这样让别的大猩猩得不到食物，故选D。
24．主旨大意题。根据全篇文章的内容和第一段第二行的句子“Can they lie with their bdies and behavir? ” 可知这篇文章讲的是动物也会撒谎，故选B。
25．D 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃。
25．细节理解题。根据“that als means single-use face masks, glves, and ther PPE are the newest frms f rubbish n city streets, beaches, and in the cean.”可知一次性口罩、手套和其他个人防护装备是最新的垃圾形式。故选D。
26．词句猜测题。根据“Face masks aren’t ging away sn”可知口罩不会很快消失，即要花费很长时间才能消失。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据“Mnkeys have been fund biting the straps (带子) f used masks in the hills utside Malaysia’s capital Kuala Britain, a seabird”可知作者通过猴子和海鸟的例子讲述了乱扔口罩对动物的危害。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据“These days, wearing a face mask (口罩) is a cmmn thing t d, and it helps prevent diseases during COVID-19”以及“Please dn’t let the masks becme a night-mare fr wildlife. Thank yu fr ding yur part t keep all animals safe”可知口罩可以阻止疾病，但是乱扔口罩也会对野生动物造成威胁，所以人们要采取措施，为保护所有动物的安全尽自己的一份力量，由此可推知口罩好不好取决于人们如何处理口罩。故选D。
29．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃，故文章可能出现在一本环境杂志上。故选D。
30．C 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．C 37．A 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了植物之间的交流方式。
30．句意：现代研究发现了一件惊人的事情：它们确实可以相互交流。
agree同意；fight斗争；cmmunicate交流，沟通；grw成长。根据“Can plants talk”可知，本句讲述植物说话的事情，cmmunicate with each ther“相互交流”。故选C。
31．句意：当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。
and和；when当……时候；r或者；s所以。设空处后内容为这种情况发生的时间，when引导时间状语从句。故选B。
32．句意：植物从被吃掉的叶子中释放化学物质。
gives up放弃；gives in屈服；gives ut释放；gives away赠送。根据“When anther plant gets the chemicals, it starts t give ut its wn chemicals.”可知，本句指植物“释放”化学物质。故选C。
33．句意：其他化学物质吸引蜜蜂。
bees蜜蜂；rabbits兔子；bears熊；lins狮子。根据“The bees kill the insects.”可知，此处指蜜蜂。故选A。
34．句意：更令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的通信系统，几乎可以连接森林中的每一棵植物。
heavily沉重地；smthly平稳地；usually通常；surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据“plants have an amazing system f cmmunicatin”可知，接下来介绍的内容是更加令人惊讶的地方。故选D。
35．句意：更令人惊讶的是，植物有一个惊人的通信系统，几乎可以连接森林中的每一棵植物。
animal动物；plant植物；wd木头；flwer花朵。根据“The wd wide web cnnects different plants t each ther.”可知，此处讲述的通信系统是植物与植物之间的。故选B。
36．句意：利用木维网，植物可以互相分享信息甚至食物。
search寻找；receive收到；share分享；cllect收集。根据“The wd wide web cnnects different plants t each ther.”可知，通信系统将植物连接起来，所以它们会一同分享。share with each ther“相互分享”。故选C。
37．句意：然而，一些植物可能会利用它传播化学物质来攻击其他植物。
spread传播；sell卖；stre存放；trade贸易。根据“The wd wide web cnnects different plants t each ther.”和“Hwever, sme plants may use it t attack ther plants.”可知，木维网可连接所有植物，会将化学物质在植物间进行“传播”。故选A。
38．句意：也许有一天，科学家们将学会如何创建一个“防火墙”来帮助阻止这些在木维网中的攻击。
start开始；plan计划；lead带领；stp阻止。根据“firewall”及常识可知，防火墙的作用是阻止外部攻击。故选D。
39．句意：科学家们正在进行研究，以了解更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式。
vices声音；wrds单词；ways方式，方法；languages语言。全文内容主要讲述了植物之间的交流方式，所以本句指科学家正试图了解更多植物交流的秘密方式。故选C。
40．thirty 41．But 42．seasns 43．have drunk 44．twentieth 45．f 46．naturally 47．uncmfrtable 48．t avid 49．be given
【导语】本文介绍了中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。
40．句意：在西方国家，人们渴的时候习惯喝凉水。are后接形容词作表语，thirsty“口渴的”，故填thirty。
41．句意：但在中国，我们会喝一杯热气腾腾的热水或茶。“in China we wuld get a cup f steaming ht water r tea instead”与前文是转折关系，故填But。
42．句意：不管天气如何，我们四季都喝热水。根据fur可知，此空应填复数形式，故填seasns。
43．句意：据说中国人几千年前就开始喝热水了。根据“since thusands f years ag”可知，此处用现在完成时have/has dne的结构，主语是复数形式，助动词用have，故填have drunk。
44．句意：在20世纪之前，喝热水是主要的治疗方法，尤其是在战争期间。根据“Befre the… century”可知，在某个世纪，世纪要用序数词，故填twentieth。
45．句意：喝生水是社会地位低下的象征。a symbl f“……的象征”，故填f。
46．句意：所以他们自然养成了喝白开水的习惯。此空修饰动词短语gt int，应填副词naturally“自然低”，故填naturally。
47．句意：我们感到不舒服，可能会生病。根据“may get illnesses”可知，感觉不舒服，可能生病，feel后接形容词作表语，uncmfrtable“不舒服的”，故填uncmfrtable。
48．句意：在冬天，喝热饮是避免感冒的好方法。根据“t be gd t drink ht drinks”可知，此空也应填动词不定式，故填t avid。
49．句意：因此，如果一个外国人在中国要水喝，很有可能他或她会得到一杯热水。主语“he r she”与动词give之间是被动关系，根据will可知，此处用一般将来时will be dne的结构，故填be given。
题型
主要内容
1
阅读理解
介绍了洋葱的用途和营养价值，也提供了几种切洋葱不流泪的方法。
2
阅读理解
介绍了筷子的历史以及和筷子的发明有关的三个传说，还介绍了制造筷子的多种材料。
3
阅读理解
介绍了人类进化过程中脸部的变化。
4
阅读理解
通过《白雪公主》的故事引出有毒的苹果的话题。
5
阅读理解
介绍了20世纪70年代，一位名叫J. P. Guilfrd的心理学家进行了一项著名的关于创造力的研究，名为“九点谜题”，这让Guilfrd得出了一个笼统的结论：创造力需要你跳出框框。但是后来有人通过研究证明这个结论是一个误导。
6
阅读理解
讲述了动物也会撒谎，撒谎可以帮助它们生存。
7
阅读理解
讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间挽救人命的口罩，如今却成了野生动物的“杀手”。作者呼吁人们使用口罩后，勿随意丢弃。
8
完形填空
讲述了植物之间的交流方式。
9
语法填空
介绍了中国人喜欢喝热水的原因。