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适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练12主旨大意题3课件
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这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练12主旨大意题3课件，共28页。PPT课件主要包含了Passage 1，Passage 2，Passage 3等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(2023江西吉安一模)Parents and teachers wrry abut the lss f learning caused by the pandemic and want t catch up immediately.But it’s unrealistic t think that a few mnths will fully clse the gaps.Educatrs tend t underestimate the imprtance f knwledge,as thugh rte(死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-rder thinking.But science shws therwise.The prcesses that teachers care abut mst,like critical thinking,are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.Yet we cntinue t rmanticize an impssible shrtcut:teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject f reading,which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.Educatrs als ften underestimate memry.Cgnitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry,nthing has been learned”.At the end f a lessn,if students appear t understand an idea,their teacher may think, “Great,they really understand the pint.” But if weeks later,the students frget it,learning has nt really ccurred.
Finally,we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs.Belnging is ne f the mst prfund human emtins.Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment:“I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful.This wuld als be achieved if,when Cassidy is speaking,her classmates are lking at her,ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds.Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging,but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.
All in all,if we want t benefit students,we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry,and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的,强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
1.What can we knw abut critical thinking accrding t the passage?A.It can be taught is gradually is deeply rted in is universally applicable.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The prcesses that teachers care abut mst,like critical thinking,are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.”可知,思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。
2.Accrding t Paul Kirschner,when des real learning happen?A.When students perfrm well in class students understand what has been students achieve changes in lng-term students start t frget unnecessary infrmatin.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cgnitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is ‘the aim f all teaching’ and that ‘if nthing has changed in lng-term memry,nthing has been learned’.”可知,Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。
3.What is the main idea f paragraph 5?A.Nnverbal scial signals matter in sciable in the classrm is shuld supprt each ther in class are where the feeling f belnging is develped.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段阐述了疫情后,课堂中应关注学生的归属感,以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此,本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。
4.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?A.T urge schls t teach mre shw cncern abut the influence f the prmte higher-rder thinking like critical suggest a scientific way t catch up the lss f learning.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“clse the gaps”及最后一段可知,学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。
(2023辽宁鞍山二模)Sme peple wrry abut rbts taking wrk away frm human beings, but there are a few jbs that even these peple admit mst f us wuld nt want.One is cleaning up radiactive waste,particularly when it is inside a nuclear pwer statin.S,send in the rbts?In 2011 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer statin in Japan suffered a series f meltdwns after its safety systems failed fllwing a tsunami.Rbts were then sent int it t mnitr radiatin levels and start cleaning things up.Many gt stuck,brke dwn r had their circuits fried by the intense radiatin.
Stpping such things happening again is part f the wrk f the Natinal Centre fr Nuclear Rbtics (NCNR).It is led by Rustam Stlkin f the University f Birmingham,and its purpse is t imprve the rutine use f rbtics in nuclear pwer statins.One prblem with the rbts sent int the ruins f Fukushima Daiichi was that they were nt particularly clever.Mst were perated by smene at a safe distance.Such machines’ arms are tricky t mve accurately when viewed via a vide believes the answer is t equip them with artificial intelligence (AI),s that they can perate by themselves.
The nuclear industry,hwever,is extremely prudent.S,fr the mment,AI is needed t assist human peratrs.Fr example,instead f relying n a remte human peratr t perate all its cntrls,an AI-equipped rbt faced with a pile f different bjects t mve wuld use a camera t understand thse bjects’ shapes and psitins relative t ne anther.It culd then plan hw best t grasp each bject and mve it t a prperly designed dispsal skip.
Other members f NCNR are examining different aspects f the prblem. At the University f Bristl,Tm Sctt leads a grup wrking n means fr rbts t identify materials,including varius srts f plastic.Gerhard Neumann f the University f Lincln is develping advanced navigatin systems.And t ensure rbts’ circuits dn’t get fried,Klaus McDnald Maier at the University f Essex is develping electrnics t fight against the effects f radiatin.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人可以应用于清理核废料的工作,介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其他不同的研究领域。
5.Hw did the rbts perfrm at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011?A.They were nt capable f the cleaned up the waste in were nt affected by fund it hard t identify materials.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One prblem with the rbts sent int the ruins f Fukushima Daiichi was that they were nt particularly clever.Mst were perated by smene at a safe distance.Such machines’ arms are tricky t mve accurately when viewed via a vide screen.”可知,2011年,机器人在福岛第一核电站没有能力完成任务。
6.What des the underlined wrd “prudent” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?A.Admiring.D.Independent.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“S,fr the mment,AI is needed t assist human use a camera t understand thse bjects’ shapes and psitins relative t ne anther.”可知,核工业不是完全由机器人来操作的,需要人工智能来协助人类操作员,可见非常谨慎。故画线词意思是“谨慎的”。
7.Which university is trying t help rbts find ut what bjects are made f?A.The University f University f University f University f Essex.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At the University f Bristl,Tm Sctt leads a grup wrking n means fr rbts t identify materials,including varius srts f plastic.”可知,布里斯托尔大学正试图帮助机器人辨识物体的构成。
8.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Will AI rbts threaten mre jbs?B.Culd rbts replace human beings?C.Extreme rbtics:cleaning up nuclear wasteD.Nuclear rbtics:speeding up the explratin
解析 主旨大意题。文章主要说明了机器人可以应用于清理核废料的工作,介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其他不同的研究领域,可知C选项“从事极端工作机器人:清理核废料”最符合文章标题。
(2023福建福州二模)In August,Jasn M.Allen’s piece “Theatre D’péra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generatr Midjurney—wn first place in the emerging artist divisin’s “digital arts phtgraphy” categry at the Clrad State Fair Fine Arts Cmpetitin.The definitin fr the categry states that digital art refers t wrks that use “digital technlgy as part f the creative prcess”.Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.“It felt bad fr the exact same reasn we dn’t let rbts participate in the Olympics,” ne Twitter user wrte.“This is the literal definitin f ‘pressed a few buttns t make a digital art piece’,” anther tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush,there was plenty f wrk invlved, he said.First,he played arund with phrasing that led Midjurney t generate images f wmen in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt t mix Victrian-style cstuming with space themes.Over time,with many slight changes t his written prmpt(提示符),he created 900 different versins f what led t his final image.Then he imprved its reslutin thrugh Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.Allen is glad the debate ver whether AI can be used t make art is attracting s much attentin.“Rather than hating n the technlgy,we need t recgnize that it’s a pwerful tl and use it fr gd s we can all mve frward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran,ne f the judges fr the cmpetitin,said that while Allen’s piece included a mentin f AI,he didn’t realize that when judging it.Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.“I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,” he said.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章呈现了在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
9.Why has Jasn’s wrk led t debates?A.It was a cpy f a challenged the lder was created with the help f brke the rule f the cmpetitin.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”可推测,人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么,以及人工智能能否创造艺术,即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。
10.What can best describe Allen’s creating prcess?A.Cperative.B.Energy-D.Imaginatin-lacking.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,he played arund with phrasing that led Midjurney t generate images f wmen in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt t mix Victrian-style cstuming with space themes.”以及最后一句“Then he imprved its reslutin thrugh Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.”可以看出,他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成,即cperative“合作的,协作的”。
11.What can we learn abut AI frm the last paragraph?A.It is a duble-edged attracts cnventinal strikes art judges as n may pen a new wrld t artists.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.‘I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,’ he said.”可推测,在这位评委看来,人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会,换言之,可能打开艺术新世界的大门。
12.What is the text mainly abut?A.A trend t be AI AI-generated art t a winning AI abut an image generatr.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”,第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate ver whether AI can be used t make art is attracting s much attentin.”以及最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.‘I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,’ he said.”可知,本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后引起的辩论,即不同人对此不同的回应。
词汇积累:1.(Passage 1)catch up赶上2.(Passage 1)underestimate vt.低估3.(Passage 1)shw therwise显示并非如此4.(Passage 1)care abut 关心5.(Passage 1)critical thinking批判性思维6.(Passage 1)all in all总而言之7.(Passage 2)用……装备……8.(Passage 2)fr the mment暂时9.(Passage 3)in an attempt t d sth.试图做某事10.(Passage 3)cnventinal adj.常规的
(2023江西吉安一模)Parents and teachers wrry abut the lss f learning caused by the pandemic and want t catch up immediately.But it’s unrealistic t think that a few mnths will fully clse the gaps.Educatrs tend t underestimate the imprtance f knwledge,as thugh rte(死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-rder thinking.But science shws therwise.The prcesses that teachers care abut mst,like critical thinking,are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.Yet we cntinue t rmanticize an impssible shrtcut:teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject f reading,which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.Educatrs als ften underestimate memry.Cgnitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry,nthing has been learned”.At the end f a lessn,if students appear t understand an idea,their teacher may think, “Great,they really understand the pint.” But if weeks later,the students frget it,learning has nt really ccurred.
Finally,we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs.Belnging is ne f the mst prfund human emtins.Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment:“I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful.This wuld als be achieved if,when Cassidy is speaking,her classmates are lking at her,ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds.Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging,but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.
All in all,if we want t benefit students,we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry,and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的,强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
1.What can we knw abut critical thinking accrding t the passage?A.It can be taught is gradually is deeply rted in is universally applicable.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The prcesses that teachers care abut mst,like critical thinking,are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.”可知,思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。
2.Accrding t Paul Kirschner,when des real learning happen?A.When students perfrm well in class students understand what has been students achieve changes in lng-term students start t frget unnecessary infrmatin.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cgnitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is ‘the aim f all teaching’ and that ‘if nthing has changed in lng-term memry,nthing has been learned’.”可知,Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。
3.What is the main idea f paragraph 5?A.Nnverbal scial signals matter in sciable in the classrm is shuld supprt each ther in class are where the feeling f belnging is develped.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段阐述了疫情后,课堂中应关注学生的归属感,以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此,本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。
4.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?A.T urge schls t teach mre shw cncern abut the influence f the prmte higher-rder thinking like critical suggest a scientific way t catch up the lss f learning.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“clse the gaps”及最后一段可知,学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。
(2023辽宁鞍山二模)Sme peple wrry abut rbts taking wrk away frm human beings, but there are a few jbs that even these peple admit mst f us wuld nt want.One is cleaning up radiactive waste,particularly when it is inside a nuclear pwer statin.S,send in the rbts?In 2011 the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer statin in Japan suffered a series f meltdwns after its safety systems failed fllwing a tsunami.Rbts were then sent int it t mnitr radiatin levels and start cleaning things up.Many gt stuck,brke dwn r had their circuits fried by the intense radiatin.
Stpping such things happening again is part f the wrk f the Natinal Centre fr Nuclear Rbtics (NCNR).It is led by Rustam Stlkin f the University f Birmingham,and its purpse is t imprve the rutine use f rbtics in nuclear pwer statins.One prblem with the rbts sent int the ruins f Fukushima Daiichi was that they were nt particularly clever.Mst were perated by smene at a safe distance.Such machines’ arms are tricky t mve accurately when viewed via a vide believes the answer is t equip them with artificial intelligence (AI),s that they can perate by themselves.
The nuclear industry,hwever,is extremely prudent.S,fr the mment,AI is needed t assist human peratrs.Fr example,instead f relying n a remte human peratr t perate all its cntrls,an AI-equipped rbt faced with a pile f different bjects t mve wuld use a camera t understand thse bjects’ shapes and psitins relative t ne anther.It culd then plan hw best t grasp each bject and mve it t a prperly designed dispsal skip.
Other members f NCNR are examining different aspects f the prblem. At the University f Bristl,Tm Sctt leads a grup wrking n means fr rbts t identify materials,including varius srts f plastic.Gerhard Neumann f the University f Lincln is develping advanced navigatin systems.And t ensure rbts’ circuits dn’t get fried,Klaus McDnald Maier at the University f Essex is develping electrnics t fight against the effects f radiatin.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人可以应用于清理核废料的工作,介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其他不同的研究领域。
5.Hw did the rbts perfrm at Fukushima Daiichi in 2011?A.They were nt capable f the cleaned up the waste in were nt affected by fund it hard t identify materials.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One prblem with the rbts sent int the ruins f Fukushima Daiichi was that they were nt particularly clever.Mst were perated by smene at a safe distance.Such machines’ arms are tricky t mve accurately when viewed via a vide screen.”可知,2011年,机器人在福岛第一核电站没有能力完成任务。
6.What des the underlined wrd “prudent” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?A.Admiring.D.Independent.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“S,fr the mment,AI is needed t assist human use a camera t understand thse bjects’ shapes and psitins relative t ne anther.”可知,核工业不是完全由机器人来操作的,需要人工智能来协助人类操作员,可见非常谨慎。故画线词意思是“谨慎的”。
7.Which university is trying t help rbts find ut what bjects are made f?A.The University f University f University f University f Essex.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“At the University f Bristl,Tm Sctt leads a grup wrking n means fr rbts t identify materials,including varius srts f plastic.”可知,布里斯托尔大学正试图帮助机器人辨识物体的构成。
8.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Will AI rbts threaten mre jbs?B.Culd rbts replace human beings?C.Extreme rbtics:cleaning up nuclear wasteD.Nuclear rbtics:speeding up the explratin
解析 主旨大意题。文章主要说明了机器人可以应用于清理核废料的工作,介绍了其工作过程以及这一项目其他不同的研究领域,可知C选项“从事极端工作机器人:清理核废料”最符合文章标题。
(2023福建福州二模)In August,Jasn M.Allen’s piece “Theatre D’péra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generatr Midjurney—wn first place in the emerging artist divisin’s “digital arts phtgraphy” categry at the Clrad State Fair Fine Arts Cmpetitin.The definitin fr the categry states that digital art refers t wrks that use “digital technlgy as part f the creative prcess”.Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.“It felt bad fr the exact same reasn we dn’t let rbts participate in the Olympics,” ne Twitter user wrte.“This is the literal definitin f ‘pressed a few buttns t make a digital art piece’,” anther tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush,there was plenty f wrk invlved, he said.First,he played arund with phrasing that led Midjurney t generate images f wmen in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt t mix Victrian-style cstuming with space themes.Over time,with many slight changes t his written prmpt(提示符),he created 900 different versins f what led t his final image.Then he imprved its reslutin thrugh Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.Allen is glad the debate ver whether AI can be used t make art is attracting s much attentin.“Rather than hating n the technlgy,we need t recgnize that it’s a pwerful tl and use it fr gd s we can all mve frward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran,ne f the judges fr the cmpetitin,said that while Allen’s piece included a mentin f AI,he didn’t realize that when judging it.Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.“I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,” he said.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章呈现了在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
9.Why has Jasn’s wrk led t debates?A.It was a cpy f a challenged the lder was created with the help f brke the rule f the cmpetitin.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”可推测,人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么,以及人工智能能否创造艺术,即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。
10.What can best describe Allen’s creating prcess?A.Cperative.B.Energy-D.Imaginatin-lacking.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,he played arund with phrasing that led Midjurney t generate images f wmen in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt t mix Victrian-style cstuming with space themes.”以及最后一句“Then he imprved its reslutin thrugh Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.”可以看出,他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成,即cperative“合作的,协作的”。
11.What can we learn abut AI frm the last paragraph?A.It is a duble-edged attracts cnventinal strikes art judges as n may pen a new wrld t artists.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.‘I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,’ he said.”可推测,在这位评委看来,人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会,换言之,可能打开艺术新世界的大门。
12.What is the text mainly abut?A.A trend t be AI AI-generated art t a winning AI abut an image generatr.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.”,第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate ver whether AI can be used t make art is attracting s much attentin.”以及最后一段中“Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.‘I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,’ he said.”可知,本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后引起的辩论,即不同人对此不同的回应。
词汇积累:1.(Passage 1)catch up赶上2.(Passage 1)underestimate vt.低估3.(Passage 1)shw therwise显示并非如此4.(Passage 1)care abut 关心5.(Passage 1)critical thinking批判性思维6.(Passage 1)all in all总而言之7.(Passage 2)用……装备……8.(Passage 2)fr the mment暂时9.(Passage 3)in an attempt t d sth.试图做某事10.(Passage 3)cnventinal adj.常规的
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