2021年北京高考英语试题及答案

这是一份2021年北京高考英语试题及答案，共12页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
Recently，I tk a trip hme by train．I gt a seat ppsite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，wh kept 1 a yung wman in a windw seat with a little by n her lap．The wman's eye fell n the man's face，and she immediately lked dwn and 2 her scarf．
As the night wre n，peple began t clse their eyes，but the seats were s uncmfrtable that nly a very heavy sleeper culd manage t get any 3 ．The wman lked ver at the man．He was still staring at her．She lked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning t get 4 ，t．
The train mved n．The little by was 5 awake n his mther's lap，but the wman drpped ff t sleep．A mment later，he began t 6 the half-pen windw—ne leg went ver it．The man jumped up and 7 the child just befre he fell ut．
The 8 wke up the wman．She seemed t be in 9 ，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Yur child has been lking fr an pprtunity t climb ut f the windw，”the man said as he gave the child back t her. ．“S I have been watching the whle time．”The wman was 10 ，and s was I．
1. A. guiding B. bthering C. watching D. mnitring
2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved
3. A. air B. jy C. space D. rest
4. A. nervus B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappinted
5. A. almst B. still C. hardly D. even
6. A. drag B. climb C. knck D. push
7. A. grabbed B. rcked C. tuched D. picked
8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. nise
9. A. srrw B. relief C. panic D. pain
10. A. astnished B. cnfused C. cncerned D. inspired
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空．请在答题卡指定区域作答．
A
Why d we dream？Scientists aren't cmpletely sure，and they have diverse 11 （idea）．Dreams might be a side effect f memry making．When yu sleep，yur brain srts thrugh everything 12 happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries. As it 13 （cnnect） things，yur brain tums them int a stry，and yu get a dream．
B
Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just ging abut his day．While riding his bike hme 14 a cld night，he came acrss a sad-lking elderly wman wandering the streets by herself．The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut 15 she lived．Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd 16 （safe） wait fr the plice t take her hme．
C
There 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years， 18 （cause） largely by rising glbal temperatures，accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins．Frm 2000 t 2019，there were7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld， 19 （result） in USD2,970 billin in ecnmic lss．Much f this increase can be due t climate change．The findings shw a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster preventin.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
If yu are planning t start a career in the field f educatin，science，r culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal fr yu．
Wh can apply？
Yu have cmpleted yur full-time university studies；r
Yu are studying in a graduate prgram fr a master's degree．
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year f their studies in a technical institutin．
What are the requirements？
Yu must be at least 20 years ld．
Yu shuld have a gd cmmand （掌握） f either English r French．
Yu must have an excellent knwledge f ffice-related sftware．
Yu shuld be able t wrk well in a team and adapt t an internatinal wrking envirnment．
Yu shuld pssess strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills．
What d yu need t prepare？
Visa：Yu shuld btain the necessary visas．
Travel：Yu must arrange and finance yur travel t and frm the lcatin where yu will d yur internship．
Medical insurance：Yu must shw prf f a cmprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target cuntry fr the entire perid f the internship．UNESCO will prvide limited insurance cverage up t USD30,000 fr the internship perid．
Medical certificate：Yu must prvide a medical certificate indicating yu are fit t wrk．
Mtivatin letter：Yu shuld have yur mtivatin letter ready befre filling ut the applicatin frm．
Yur applicatin will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in ur database fr six mnths．We d nt respnd t every candidate．If selected，yu will be cntacted by a manager．If yu d nt receive any update within six mnths，it means that yur applicatin has nt been successful．
21. Accrding t this passage，applicants are required t_________．
A. hld a master's degree in science
B. have internatinal wrk experience
C. be fluent in either English r French
D. present a letter frm a technical institutin
22. What will UNESCO prvide fr the internship perid？
A. Limited medical insurance cverage．
B. Training in cmmunicatin skills．
C. A medical certificate fr wrk．
D. Financial supprt fr travel．
23. What shuld applicants d befre filling ut the applicatin frm？
A. Cntact UNESCO managers． B. Get access t the database．
C. Keep a mtivatin letter at hand． D. Wrk in a team fr six mnths．
B
I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin．When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me．After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids．When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child．
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether．When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child．Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted．While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it．I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n．When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget．
In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．
24.Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A. It wuld affect his/her initial plans．
B. It wuld invlve traveling verseas．
C. It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade．
D. It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins．
25. What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A. Images f Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates．
C. A teacher's intrductin． D. A representative's cmments．
26. The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t__________．.
A. becme OIC vlunteers B. further their educatin
C. study in freign cuntries D. influence ther children
27. What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A. One's ptential cannt always be underrated．
B. First impressin cannt always be trusted．
C. Actins speak luder than wrds．
D. He wh hesitates is lst．
C
Hundreds f scientists，writers and academics sunded a warning t humanity in an pen letter published last December：Plicymakers and the rest f us must engage penly with the risk f glbal cllapse．Researchers in many areas have prjected the widespread cllapse as“a credible scenari（情景） this century”．
A survey f scientists fund that extreme weather events，fd insecurity，and freshwater shrtages might create glbal cllapse．Of curse，if yu are a nn-human species，cllapse is well underway．
The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins．Nt very lng ag，it was als unthinkable that a virus wuld shut dwn natins and that safety nets wuld be prven s disastrusly lacking in flexibility．
The internatinal schlars' warning letter desn't say exactly what cllapse will lk like r when it might happen．Cllapselgy，the study f cllapse，is mre cncerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers f everyday civilizatin．Amng the signatries（签署者）f the warning was Bb Jhnsn，the riginatr f the“eclgical ftprint”cncept，which measures the ttal amunt f envirnmental input needed t maintain a given lifestyle．With the current ftprint f humanity，“it seems that glbal cllapse is certain t happen in sme frm，pssibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Jhnsn said in an email．
Only if we discuss the cnsequences f ur biphysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hpe t reduce their“speed，severity and harm”．And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred．We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine．As a pet wrte，
Man is a victim f dpe （麻醉品）
In the incurable frm f hpe．
The hundreds f schlars wh signed the letter are intent（执着） n quieting hpe that ignres preparedness．“Let's lk directly int the issue f cllapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible pssibilities f what we see there t make the best f a trubling future．”
28. What des the underlined wrd“germane”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. Scientific． B. Credible．
C. Original． D. Relevant．
29. As fr the public awareness f glbal cllapse，the authr is__________．
A. wrried B. puzzled
C. surprised D. scared
30. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. The signatries may change the biphysical limits．
B. The authr agrees with the message f the pem．
C. The issue f cllapse is being priritized．
D. The glbal cllapse is well underway．
D
Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
31. What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B. Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C. The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D. Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
32. The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t__________．
A. present an assumptin B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. intrduce an apprach
33. What can we learn frm this passage？
A. Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．.
C. Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D. Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
34. What can we infer frm this passage？
A. It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D. Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．选项中有两项为多余选项．
Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple． 35 The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued．Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes．
36 Hwever, fr the same reasn, music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain, music, peple say, can lwer stress and anxiety levels．This, f curse, can lead t less pain．
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed． 37 While the validity f the idea is still being assessed，the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure．Similarly, accrding t researchers，listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels， thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety．
When it cmes t heart health，there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music， but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health．In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure． 38 On the ther hand，when the music slwed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit．
39 But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable．
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems．
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud．
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep．
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题．请在答题卡指定区域作答．
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin—and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
40. Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement，then underline it and explain why．
Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
43. In additin t imprving emtinal health，what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reslving an argument？ （In abut 40 wrds）
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约．请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．表达歉意并说明原因；
2．提出建议并给出理由．
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Jim，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷)
英语参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B
6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11 ideas 12.that 13.cnnects 14.n 15.where
16.safely 17.has been 18.caused 19.resulting 20.t invest
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A
26.B 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.B
31.B 32.D 33.C 34.C
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35.F 36.B 37.D 38.G 39.E
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
40. Arguing is discussing yur wrries，related feelings and prblems with the ther party．
41. It is because mre life experience may help peple better identify pririties in life．
42. Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
Reslving arguments helps t decrease yur reactivity．
43.略．
第二节（20分）
范文：
Dear Jim，
I'm srry that I wn't be able t g hiking with yu this Saturday．
I began t cugh yesterday mrning，s I went t see a dctr．She tld me it was a bad cld，and I wuld have t stay at hme fr a few days．
I'd really like t spend sme time with yu．Is it OK with yu if we take a trip t Zhangjiaku next Saturday？ It's ne f the hst cities fr the 2022 Winter Olympics．Please let me knw what yu think．
Again，I'm srry abut the incnvenience．
Hpe t hear frm yu sn．
Yurs，
Li Hua