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中考英语专项复习第04讲代词课件
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这是一份中考英语专项复习第04讲代词课件,共44页。PPT课件主要包含了 me,you, you, he,him,she,her, it, it, we等内容,欢迎下载使用。
1.能够熟练掌握代词的分类及使用。2.熟悉中考代词考点并灵活应用代词。
学习目标
一 人 称 代 词
(1) 人称代词的主格在句中充当主语 She is a gd student.(2) 人称代词宾格在句中充当动词、介词的宾语 I dn’t knw her. His mther is waiting fr him utside. (3)作表语, 作表语一般用主格,但在口语中常用宾格I saw it at nce it was her. 我马上看出是她—Wh is there? —It’s I/me.
(4) 人称代词用于as和that之后,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。但如果as 或than后是一个句子 ,则用主格。 She speaks Chinese as well as me.She speaks Chinese as well as I dMike is much taller than I/meTm wrks as hard as I d.(5) 人称代词单独使用,常用宾格 ---I’d like t stay here fr anther week.---Me t.
---Yu shuld clean the ffice right nw.--- What?me?(6) 人称代词语序,几个代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是:单数(2,3, 1)yu, he/she and I 复数(1, 2, 3)we, yu and theyShe and I are gd friendsWe,yu and they are all Chinese.(7)人称代词it除了可以指人指物,指代“时间、天气、温度、距离、某种情况”等含义之外,还可以作“非人称代词”,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
It tk him three hurs t finish his hmewrk.(作形式主语) I fund it very difficult t learn a freign language well.(作形式宾语)It is a great pity that they didn't get married.(名词性从句)
二 物 主 代 词 物主代词分为形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词
their
标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词之前作定语,后面接名词,一般不单独使用。His parents are bth ffice wrkers. My name is Jessie.(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词,既可以代替事物又表明所属关系。在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面不可以跟名词。也可以f+名词性物主代词构成双重所有格。This is nt my dictinary. Mine is there. (作主语)I dn’t like her dress while I like yurs(作宾语)This bk is mine and that is yurs(作表语)
Tm is a friend f mine (构成双重所有格)(3) 名词性物主代词=相当于形容词性物主代词+名词My idea is quite different frm hers ( her idea).(4) 冠词a, an, the 和this, that, sme 后不能用物主代词She is a my friend. (×) She is my friend.(√)
(1)反身代词的用法I hpe yu can enjy yurselves at the party. (作宾语)The children made mdel planes themselves. (作同位语,表示亲自或自己)That pr by was myself. (作表语)(2)反身代词的常用词组 teach neself ______________ learn by neself_____________ enjy neself______________ help neself________________ cme t neself____________ talk t neself________________ by neself________________ dress neself_______________
(1) this/these① 表示时间或空间上较近的人或物 This is my pen. These are my bks.② 指下文要提到的事 Please remember this: N pains, n gains.(2) that/thse① 表示时间或空间上较远的人或物 That’s her bike.② 指前面刚刚提到过的事 He was ill. That was why he didn’t g t schl.③ 打电话用this介绍自己,that 表示对方This is Jessie speaking. Is that Jack speaking?
五 疑 问 代 词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。
六 it 的 用法
1. it 可用作人称代词,在句中可以做主语,也可做宾语等。可以指人,物或事。⑴ it 指人时表示说话者心中不太确定的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。如:---Wh is that speaking? --- It is me. ⑵ it 指事物时,可指代有生命的(包括动物),也可指无生命的。注意 it指物时,表示同类同物。如:This is my cat. It is very lazy.
2. it 可以指代时间,天气,距离,气候,季节,长度,重量等。
-- What time is it? ---- It is 12:20. --What’s the weather like tday? ---- It is sunny. It is 112 miles frm Lndn t Birmingham.
3. 作形式主语,替代动词不定式或动名词 动词不定式或动名词作主语时,为了避免主语太长,头重脚轻,可以用it 代替动词不定式/动名词作形式主语,真正的主语不定式/动名词放到句后。如:T learn Chinese well is nt easy. 可改写成:It is nt easy T learn Chinese well
点击此处输入文本信息。标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改,菜单设置中功能区可以对字体、字号、颜色、行距等进行修改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
4. it 做形式宾语,在一部分动词后可以代替动词不定式/动名词做宾语,同时后面要跟有宾语补足语。如 find, think, believe, make, feel等。常构成“主语+v.+it+宾补(adj./n)+不定式/动名词”结构。如:
He thinks it easy t finish the task.Mike fund it difficult t learn math.
5 it ne that 作替代物的区别
it 同类同物, ne 同类不同物, that 避免重复
The bk is Tm’s, and it is very interesting. ---Wh has a pen? ---I have neThe weather in Beijing is clder than that in Guangzhu in Winter.
(1) sme/any的用法相同点:sme/any均表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。不同点:sme一般用于肯定句,any用疑问句,否定句和条件句。但在疑问句中当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时用sme。There aren’t any students in the classrm.Lk! Sme bys are playing ftball. Wuld yu like sme tea?
七 不 定 代 词
替代或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
(2) many和much的用法: many“很多”, 后接可数名词复数;much“很多”, 后接不可数名词。 ,表示太多的时候可在前面加t。可在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。Many students have tried,but few have succeeded.many. much除直接后面加名词外,后还可跟f...,但此时后面的名词或代词有范围,是特指。Many students like playing cmputer games 这里的很多学生无范围限制,可理解为大多数学生这样Many f students in ur class like playing cmputer games .限定了本班这个范围。
( 3 ) each和every的用法
Every student in Class 5 passed the exam. Each f us wears a yellw shirt. We each wear a yellw shirt.
(4 ) a few/ few/ a little/ little的用法
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”, 有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
例句1—Wuld yu please buy sme salt fr me? —There is little left. 2. Take it easy. There is still a little time peple live there.(在那个地区几乎不住人) 4.Yu can get a few candies frm him.(你能从他那儿获得一些糖)
【注意】a little与a bit的用法区分两者都可单独使用或表程度(作状语,有点儿,稍微)The prfesser talked a little/a bit abut his researchThe bx is a little/a bit heavy不同之处在于,a little后面直接加不可数名词,而a bit后面先加f 再加不可数名词nt a little 很多,很 nt a bit 一点也没有 一点也不There is a little/a bit f rm left fr the furniture.(此处rm为空间,不可数名词)
(5 ) n和nne的用法:n 形容词,作定语,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。nne在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数,可组成nne f...。1.There is n mney left. 2.They had n bks t read.3.I have many bks, but nne is f them is/are in the classrm.(他们当中没有一个在教室里
(6) all和bth的用法:all指三者或三者以上的人或物,代替或修饰可数名词,也可代替或修饰不可数名词。bth指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词,可组成和bth在句子中都作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。all和bth既可以修饰名词(all/bth+(the)+名词),也可用“all/bth + f the +名词(复数)”的形式,有时f 可以省略。1.I knw all f the five Chinese students in their schl.2.—Wuld yu like this pen r that ne? — Bth (两个都要)3. Bth (f) (the) bys are smart.
(7 ) either和neither的用法:either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个”, 可组成either fneither 意思是“两个都不”,可组成neither f neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。1.I dn’t care much fr what t drink. Either f the tw will be OK. 2.---Will yu g there by ship r by car? -- Neither. I will g there by air.(——你坐船去还是坐车去?——都不是,我乘飞机去。)
① 两者都 Bth his father and his mther are teacher. ② 两者都不 Neither his father nr his mther is teacher. 或...或...;要么...要么... Either he r his brther ges t Lndn.③ either/neither f + 名词(代词)的复数 + 谓语动词(第三人称单数) Neither f the bks is gd.④ 连接两个主语时,采取就近原则 Neither yu nr he is wrng.
(8) ne与nes的区分ne用来代替可数名词单数,既可指人也可指物。其复数形式为nes,所有格形式为ne’s,反身代词为neself。①单独用,泛指人或人们One ften fails t see his wn fault 一个人往往看不见自己的缺点②指代同名异物的可数名词,单数用ne 复数用nesWhich dress wuld yu like, this ne r that ne?
(9) s such the same的用法
s的用法:①用在believe,think,expect,imagine,guess等词后面用s代替前面提出的观点,既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句。I think s/ I dn't think s②用在hpe,suppse, I am afraid 后面,代替前面提出的观点,此时只能用于肯定句---The cld weather might cntinue fr days---I hpe s/I hpe nt③s可以代替一件事情He lst a bk. S did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)
such 的用法such作代词可单独使用,指上下文所述的这样的人或事物,在句中作主语,宾语,表语,还可用作限定语,修饰名词,有时such后可加as用来引出属于哪一类,We cme arss such a terrible day that we culdn’t mve n.There is n such thing as a free lunch 天下没有免费的午餐the same的用法①单独使用the same,指刚提到的同一个人或事物Whatever I d,he tries t d the same--Happy new year--The same t yu
② the same修饰后面的名词Yu alwasys repeat the same ld stry③the same用在动词后面,I feel the same as yesterday可组成the 短语as后面可跟代词,名词或句子I am the same age as yu
(10)a lt f、lts f、a number f( /large numbers f)、a great deal f、plenty f的区别①都是“名词+介词”的短语,意思都都表示“大量,许多”②a lt f(或lts f)后加不可数名词也可以加可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many;③plenty f“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 ④a number f / large numbers f 只能修饰可数名词复数形式并且它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式,可以替换为sme、many、a lt f、plenty f。 ⑤a great deal fv只能修饰不可数名词,它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式,可以换为much。
(11) ther/the ther/thers/the thers/anther的用法
1.Sme girls are dancing under the tree and thers are sitting n the grass have had several apples. D yu really want anther ne? 3.This is ne f yur scks. Where is he ther ne?4.A few students are playing sccer while thers are watching them.) 5.Tw f the ten bys are standing and the thers are sitting rund them.
(12) 复合不定代词
注:复合不定代词有12个:smething(某事), smene(某人), smebdy(某人), anything(任何事), anyne(任何人), anybdy(任何人), nthing(没事),nbdy(没有人), n ne(没有人), everything(一切), everyne(每个人), everybdy(每个人)。
复合不定代词的用法(1)含-bdy和-ne的复合代词只用来指人,含-bdy的复合不定代词与含-ne的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同,可以互换;含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物(2)复合不定代词都具有单数的含义,因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。Is everyne here tday? 今天,大家都到齐了吗?Nthing is difficult if yu put yur heart int it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。
(3)含-ne和-bdy等指人的复合代词可有-’s所有格形式。含-thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-‘s所有格形式。如:Is this anybdy’s seat? 这儿有人坐吗?当其后有else时,-’s要加在else后面。That must be smebdy else‘s cat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣,不是我的。(4)当要对一群人讲话时,可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句,句中的动词用原形。如:Nbdy mve!= Dn’t anybdy mve! 都别动!Everyne lie dwn! 统统趴下!
(5)、smething,smene,smebdy通常用于肯定句中,而anything,anyne,anybdy一般用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:He fund smething strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。D yu have anything t say ?你有话要说吗?(6)在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句,和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句,以及表示反问的问句中,也用smething,smene,smebdy等复合不定代词。如:Wuld yu like smething t eat?要些吃的东西吗?Isn’t there smething wrng with yu? 难道你没问题吗?
(7) 当anything表示“任何事(物),无论何事(物)”,anyne,anybdy表示“无论谁,任何人”等意义时,它们也可以用于肯定句中。如:Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybdy knws the answer.任何人都知道答案。
1 ---It is said that Tina will g t Canada by herself. --Yes, ___ f her parents will g with her A bth B neither C either D nne
2 (2023·雅安·中考真题)—Mr. Brwn, I find ______ hard t learn English well. —Cme n! Practice makes perfect.A.thatB.it C.this D.its
3.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题)Teachers ften say that teenagers shuld learn t lk after ________.A.urselvesB.yurselvesC.themselves
4.(2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题)—Hurry up! The bus is leaving sn.—Dn’t wrry. There is ________ time left.A.nB.littleC.a little
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