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Unit1知识点汇总 人教版八年级英语上册
展开这是一份Unit1知识点汇总 人教版八年级英语上册,共11页。
Unit1 1.sing v. 唱歌【用法详解】sing 可作及物动词和不及物动词,其名词形式为singer “歌手”。2. swim v. & n. 游泳 swam【用法详解】(1)swim 作不及物动词: go swimming去游泳 (swimming club 游泳俱乐部; story telling club 讲故事俱乐部)Please don't swim in the river. 请不要在河里游泳。(2)swim作名词,go for a swim去游泳 Let's go for a swim. 我们去游泳吧。3. dance v. 跳舞 n. 舞蹈 dancer n.舞蹈者【用法详解】(1)dance 作不及物动词,意为"跳舞”。现在分词:dancingDo you want to dance? 你想跳舞吗?dance 作名词,意为“舞蹈”。I have a dance class on Sunday.have a dance 跳舞4. draw v. 画【易混辨析】draw与paint两者都有”画”的意思,但含义有所不同。draw 指用铅笔、粉笔或钢笔等绘画,侧重线条Paint 通常指用颜料等绘画,如水彩画或油墨画,侧重色彩play 作动词的用法【用法详解】(1)play 与棋牌类或球类名词连用,表示"参加竞技、比赛或球类运动”, 可译作“打,赐,下(棋)”。此时名词前不加任何冠词。(2)play与乐器类名词连用,表示“演奏,弹奏,吹;奏”, 此时名词前必须加定冠词the.6. speak English 说英语Speak v. 说(某种语言); 说话【用法详解】(1)speak 在此作及物动词,意为“说(某种语言)", 其后常接表示语言的名词作宾语。Can you speak Chinese? 你会讲中文吗?speak 还可作不及物动词,意为”说话”。通常指说话的能力或方式。The baby can't speak. 那个小宝宝不会说话。Please speak a little slowly. 请讲慢一点儿。区分speak say speak强调说的语言 spoke ;say强调说的内容 said;tell v. 讲述;告诉 toldtell sb sth =tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事 tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb. (not)to do sth. 命令/盼咐某人(不要)做某事Tell a story/stories讲故事 tell a lie/lies 说谎 tell a joke/jokes 讲笑话 tell the truth 说实话want to do sth. 想要做某事=would like to do sth = feel like doing sthwant+名词/代词 想要.......want sb.to do sth想要人做某事join v.参加;加入 join sb in sth/doing sth 和某人一起做某事【用法详解】join作及物动词,其后可接表示党派,正式的团体或组织的名词(如club,army等), 也可接人称代词的宾格形式,表示成为其中一员。My brother wants to join the army. 我哥哥想参军。Please come and join us for dinner. 请来和我们共进晚餐。【易混辨析】join,join in与take part injoin侧重指加入某个社团,机构,党派或组织,成为其中一员(如入党、人团、参军等)。join in 参加比赛 活动 游戏take part in 侧重指参加会议或某种群众性活动,并在活动中发挥作用。9.can modal v.能,会【用法详解】can 作情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,其后应接动词原形一起构成谓语。Can you. . . ? 你会··. ··吗?【用法详解】"Can you. . . ? ”用于询问某人是否具备某种能力或掌握某种技能。其肯定问答为”Yes,l can. ", 否定回答为"No, I can't. ". Can引导的一般疑问句:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?10.what +可数名词单数 引导的特殊疑问句结构:What+n.+一般疑问句?常见搭配:what class what color what time what sport 11. What about you? 你呢?【用法详解】”What about. . . ? ”是常用的交际用语,后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式,相当于"How about. . . ? ”, 可用来询问情况或征求意见。 12.be good at. . . 擅长于。。【用法详解】be good at. . . 相当于 do well in. . . . 其可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。be good to...对某人友好 be good with 与。。。相处的好 be good for...对。。。有好处13.Sounds good. 听起来不错。【用法详解】”Sounds good. ”的完整形式为”That sounds good. ”。常用来回答Would you like ...? What/how about...? Let’s... 等表示建议的句型。【拓展延伸】sound是系动词,意为"听起来”, 其后通常接形容词(good,great,beautiful 等)作表语。15.Let’s... 是一个祈使句,后加动词原形,表示提建议。提建议的句型:Let’s do sth./What about doing sth?/You’d better do sth./Why not do sth=Why don’t you do sth?【易混辨析】Let's. . . 与 Let us. . .Let’s 意为”咱们······吧”, 包括说话人和听话人双方在内,含有催促,建议或请对方一起行动的意思。Let us. . . 意为”让我们······吧”, 不包括说话的对象在内,常表示请求。instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt](n)乐器 piano(n.)钢琴 pianist [ˈpɪənɪst](n.)钢琴家violin(n.)小提琴 violinist [ˌvaɪəˈlɪnɪst](n.)小提琴手guitar(n.)吉他 guitarist (n.)吉他手 play the guitar(弹吉他)以-ist结尾的“人”还有science-scientist (n.)科学家 artist艺术家 drum(n.)鼓(经常以复数形式出现drums) play the drums 打鼓、击鼓拓展:trumpet (n.)喇叭 play the trumpet 吹喇叭拓展:music--- musician [mjuˈzɪʃn] (n.)音乐家 musician 是可数名词,意思是“音乐家”,是由“ music (音乐) + 后缀 -ian ”构成的。 I think Qiao Yu is my favorite musician. 我想乔羽是我最喜爱的音乐家。派生词: musical adj. 音乐的 ; music n. 音乐 。【 拓展记忆 】 名词后缀 -ian 可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示事业有成就或较为特殊的人。例如: historian 历史学家, politician 政治家, magician 魔术师。‘ describe [dɪˈskraɪb] v.描述 description [dɪˈskrɪpʃn] n. 描述Eg: Read the three descriptions.(描述) Can you describe your family? (描述)“也”also,用于肯定句句中,be情助后,实义前。too, 用于肯定句句末,常用逗号与前面句子隔开。either, 用于否定句句末,常用逗号与前面句子隔开。Eg: I can play soccer, too. = I can also play soccer. Tom doesn’t like the car. I don’t like it, either.like doing sth. 和 like to do sth. 都表示 “ 喜欢做某事 ”, 但动名词所表示的动作,在意义上比较一般和抽象,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作 ; 动词不定式则常指某个具体的 一次性的 动作。 例如: She likes swimming. 她喜欢游泳 ( 经常性的爱好) 。 She likes to swim this afternoon. 她今天下午想游泳(特指某一次的动作) 。5.game (n)游戏、比赛 = matchplay games with sb 和某人一起玩游戏 play with sth 玩某物 play computer games with sb.和某人一起玩电脑游戏 play balls with sb 和某人一起玩球 a baseball game = a baseball match 6.people (n)人们,是集合名称,作主语时,谓语用复数。如果想表示单个人,则用person。Eg: There_______ 55 people in our classroom.( are) I know that ______. (people/person)【 拓展记忆 】 1 ) the people 意为“人民”。例如: We study hard for the people. 我们为人民努力学习。 2 ) people 还可表示“民族;种族”,是可数名词,其复数形式为 peoples 。例如: There are fifty-six peoples in China. 中国有 56 个民族。7. home (n.) 家(家人和住房的统称,有一定的感情色彩) ( adv.) 到家,在家 there hereat home 在家 go home 回家 stay at home 待在家辨析: house (n.) 房屋,住宅(指人所居住的建筑物)family (n.) 家庭【C】families,家庭成员【本身就是复数】(与居住房子无关)Eg: This is our new home. 这是我们的新家。That is Mr. Bond’s house. 那是邦德先生的房子。I miss my family very much.我很想念我的家人。My family ( be) tall. Many (family)are happy.make (v.) 使成为;制造(1)及物动词,“制造”Eg: My father can make a kite. 我爸爸会制作风筝。使役动词,“使成为”make friends (with sb )(与......)交朋友(可以说make a friend交一个朋友,但不能说make a friend with sb. )make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某事make faces 做鬼脸 make money 赚钱 make progress 取得进步Eg: Please make me a kite. = Please make a kite for me. 请给我制造一个风筝。 The young man likes making friends (with others). 这个年轻人喜欢(跟他人)教朋友。 My mother makes me clean the room. 我妈妈让我打扫房间。9. busy (adj.) 忙碌的 反义词:free 空闲的be busy doing sth.忙着做某事 be busy with sth. 忙于某事, with后面接代词、名词、动名词。= be not free with sth. = Eg:He is busy doing his homework.= He is busy with his homework. 他正忙于做他的家庭作业。【 试题链接 】 根据句子中所给单词的首字母或中文提示,填写正确的单词。Ted is so b that he has no time to watch TV in the evenings.free adj 空闲的;有空的 be free to do sth =have time to do sth 有空做某事adj 自由的 The bird is free. freedom n.自由adj 免费的 The lunch is free.10. have time = be free有时间;有空have no time 没有时间have time to do sth.= be free to do sth. 有时间 / 有空做某事Eg: Do you have time on the weekend?= Are you free on the weekend? 在周末你有时间吗?Eg: Many parents don't have time to stay with their children.许多父母没有时间和他们的孩子待在一起。11. need (v.) 需要need作实义动词时,意为 “需要”,此时 need 有人称和数的变化,其后可以跟名词或代词作宾语。need sth./ sb. 需要某物/某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事Eg: I need your help, Lisa. 莉萨,我需要你的帮助。We need to finish our homework first. 我们需要先完成我们的家庭作业。I need you to help me. 我需要你来帮助我。need 后面接动名词( v.ing )时,动名词表被动意思,此时主语常为物。need doing sth= need to be done The room needs cleaning. 这个房间需要打扫=The room needs to be cleaned.need 既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句和疑问句,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词 do 或 does 等。例如: You need to talk with your mother. 你需要和你妈妈谈谈。 Does your father need any help? 你爸爸需要帮助吗?【 拓展记忆 】 need 用作情态动词时,意思是“有必要”或“需要”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句\must疑问句的否定回答。例如: You needn ’ t worry. 你不必担心。Must I finish my homework today? No, you needn’t.12.teach (v.) 教;讲授 三单形式: teachesteach sth./sb. 教某事 / 教某人 teach sb. sth.教某人某事 teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事teach sb. a lesson给某人一个教训 teach oneself 自学(自己教自己)Eg: Mr. Li teaches English in a middle school. 李先生在一-所中学教英语。The school needs help to teach music. 学校需要(有人来)帮忙教音乐。Let me teach you to play the piano ! 让我来教你弹钢琴吧!One may teach himself when he is free. 人可以在空闲时间自学。You should teach him a lesson. 你应该给他一个教训。13.help (sb.) with sth. 在某方面帮助(某人) = help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事With one’s help = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下Eg: Can you help (me) with the work? =Can you help (me) ( to) do the work? 你能帮助(我)做这项工作吗? 【 试题链接 】 Ann often helps me math after school. A. for B. with C. on D. by14. weekend (n.) 周末,其对应词是 weekday 工作日on /at the weekend= on /at weekends 在周末on weekdays 在工作日Eg: What do you do on the weekend/weekends? 你在周末做什么?The shop opens at 9:00 a.m.on weekdays,but at 10:30 a.m. on weekends.这个商店工作日在上午9:00开门,但周末在上午10:30开门。15. English-speaking
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