2024届新高三开学摸底英语考试卷（新高考专用）03含答案

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 2024届新高三开学摸底考试卷（新高考专用）03
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What does the man say about the woman?
A. She has strong will. B. She works hard. C. She is a top-class athlete.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】
M: You have gone from a total unknown to the top-ranked football player in the country. How did you do it?
W: Well, I owe my success to hard work and strong will.
2. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a square. B. In a theatre. C. On the street.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】
M: Excuse me, I’m new here. Can you show me where the theatre is?
W: Sure. Walk down the road till you reach a square, and you will see the theatre on the left.
3. When will the woman have her breakfast?
A. At 6:40. B. At 6:55. C. At 7:20.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】
M: What is your morning routine at school?
W: Well, I get up at 6: 40 and I will be in the dining hall at 6:55.
M: And how long do you spend there?
W: About 20 minutes. Then I will arrive at the classroom at around 7:20, and begin to read aloud.
4. Who uses the e-book reader most?
A. The woman. B. The woman’s daughter. C. The woman’s husband.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】
M: What’s that device you are using?
W: It’s an e-book reader. My husband and I got it as a new year gift for our daughter, but I use it more than she does.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Take his temperature.
B. Take a slow breath.
C. Have a health check.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Have you had a temperature?
M: My dad has already taken it for me. It’s normal.
W: OK, I’ll check your chest. Now breathe in and out slowly. Good, that’s it.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What will the man get?
A. An orange juice. B. An apple juice. C. A freshly squeezed juice.
7. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife.
B. Passenger and conductor.
C. Customer and shop assistant.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】
M: Can I have an orange juice, please?
W: Regular or large?
M: How big is a large?
W: This is a large. This is a regular.
M: I’ll have a large, then, please. Without ice.
W: OK, coming up.
M: Sorry, I wanted freshly squeezed orange juice.
W: I’m afraid we only have bottled juices.
M: Oh, then I’ll have an apple juice instead, please.
W: Here you go. That’s £3.5, please.
M: Thanks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A short holiday. B. A five-star hotel. C. A coach trip.
9. Where can the man buy glasses for his cousin?
A. In the hotel. B. At a factory. C. From the guide.
10. How much should the man pay?
A. 129 pounds. B. 240 pounds. C. 258 pounds.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】
W: Good morning.
M: Can you give me some information about your short holiday in Ireland?
W: Certainly. You fly to Ireland on the Friday morning and spend two nights in a hotel, returning on the Sunday evening.
M: So that’s almost three days. What’s the hotel like?
W: Excellent It’s a five-star hotel called the Kildare.
M: How do you spell that?
W: K-I-L-D-A-R-E. It’s by a lake, so it’s good for fishing and walking. But if you want to buy some presents there’s a coach trip on the Saturday morning. You’ll visit a factory where they make beautiful things from glass.
M: Oh good—I can buy some glasses for my cousin—she’s getting married soon. How much does the holiday cost?
W: It was two hundred and forty pounds, but this month we have a special offer of a hundred and twenty-nine pounds per person.
M: Can I book two places for next weekend?
W: That will be Friday, the seventeenth of November. Yes, that’s fine.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. How does the man feel about the interview?
A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Worried.
12. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Ask for the job.
B. Make a decision soon.
C. Express thanks to the interviewers.
13. What should be included in the note?
A. The professional knowledge.
B. The seriousness about the job.
C. The impression of the interviewer.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B
【解析】
【原文】
W: Hey Adam. So how did it go yesterday?
M: Well, I think it went well. They were really nice and professional. I really hope they’ll offer me the job. I’d love to work there.
W: So, did you write and thank them for the interview?
M: What? No. They’re going to let me know once they’ve interviewed the other candidates and made a decision.
W: I know. But you should send them an email or a note thanking them for the interview. It’ll make you stand out from the crowd and seem really professional.
M: It sounds good but I don’t want to sound desperate, as if I’m begging for the job.
W: Of course not. You’re not going to go over the top, just a brief note, telling them that you appreciate their time and that you’re serious about the job. I think they’ll be greatly impressed.
M: I can see your point. Okay, I’ll do it. Thank you!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. Why did the woman call?
A. To cancel an order.
B. To extend the payment.
C. To confirm the delivery.
15. When will the cash flow problem be solved?
A. After delivering the new order.
B. After making another new order.
C. After finding an important customer.
16. What does the woman think of the man?
A. Helpful. B. Strict. C. Disappointing.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. A
【解析】
原文】
M: Hello, Junko Mori speaking. How can I help you?
W: Hi, Junko, it’s Andrea here from Red Band. I’m calling about our latest order.
M: Everything arrived OK, right? We got the delivery confirmation at our end.
W: Yes, everything’s fine with the order. I’m calling about the payment terms. I need a favour.
M: A favour? What do you need?
W: This is a little, er… difficult, but we’re having some cash flow problems. You’d really be helping us out if you could extend the payment to 60 days.
M: I’m not sure if I can do that, Andrea. We’ve got regulations at our end.
W: I promise this won’t happen next time, Junko. Actually, I also want to place another new order. It’s for an important customer and they pay on delivery.
M: I see. So your cash flow problem will be solved after this new order is delivered.
W: Exactly.
M: That sounds good. OK, I think we can make an exception this time.
W: That’s great, Junko. I appreciate your help.
M: And we appreciate your business, Andrea. It works both ways.
W: Thanks again. Goodbye.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17 What is Positive Psychology about?
A. What’s wrong with us.
B. How to solve problems.
C. How to help people become happier.
18. What is Csikszentmihalyi’s idea about happiness?
A. We should always look for happiness.
B. We are the happiest when totally focused.
C. Happiness is caused by things that happen to us.
19. How did Csikszentmihalyi get the inspiration for his theory?
A. By swimming in a river.
B. By working for hours without stopping.
C. By noticing how artists worked in a studio.
20. What is the speaker going to introduce next?
A. More about the theory of flow.
B. The importance of the lecture.
C. The requirement of the course.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to the first lecture of our new course in Positive Psychology. While some people may associate psychology with looking at what’s wrong with us, and at what problems we have, there is much more to psychology than that. Positive Psychology, for example, looks at how to help people become happier.
This lecture begins with a question: what makes a happy life? According to Csikszentmihalyi, a famous psychologist of the theory of flow, happiness is not caused by external events or things that happen to us. If we want happiness, we have to actively look for it. He believed that our happiest moments happen when we are totally focused on what we are doing. Csikszentmihalyi got the inspiration for his theory of flow when he noticed how artists worked in a studio. They completely lost track of time, they didn’t notice they were hungry or tired, and they could work for hours without stopping. The best way to explain it is that it is like being in a river and the flow of the water carries you away.
For the rest of this lecture, I will explore this theory of flow in more detail.
Right, let’s get started.

第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The National Park System offers families a wonderfully affordable way to enjoy America’s most beautiful scenery.
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
As the most visited national park in America, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park covers over 522, 000 acres (英亩) of land in North Carolina and Tennessee. It offers breathtaking scenery and wildlife viewing. Despite attracting large numbers of visitors, it presents plenty of opportunities for visitors to be alone, whether to go on a hike, take a scenic drive or relax at a park campsite.
Yellowstone National Park
Set up in 1872 as the first U. S. national park, Yellowstone is arguably the most unique. Its 2. 2 million acres fall mainly in Wyoming and sit at the highest point of one of the continent’s largest active supervolcanoes. It has a diverse ecosystem including lakes, rivers, and mountain ranges.
Rocky Mountain National Park
Rocky Mountain National Park’s 415 square miles include mountain lakes and rolling grasslands. There are more than 300 miles of hiking paths to explore along with wildlife like sheep and deer. Adventurous travelers can brave the 48-mile Trail Ridge Road, which takes travelers to an altitude (海拔) of near 11, 500 feet!
Acadia National Park
This park on the rough Maine coast is home to various plants and animals and the tallest mountain on the U. S. Atlantic coast. Today visitors come to Acadia to hike rock peaks, bike along historic carriage roads, or relax and enjoy the natural beauty near the coast.
21．What can visitors do in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park?
A．Feed wildlife. B．Go camping.
C．Drive along the coast. D．Climb rocky mountains.
22．Why might Yellowstone be the most unique?
A．It has diverse grasslands. B．It has the most breathtaking scenery.
C．It lies on top of a supervolcano. D．It is home to the States’ tallest mountain.
23．Where can visitors enjoy the scenery near the sea?
A．In Acadia National Park.
B．In Yellowstone National Park.
C．In Rocky Mountain National Park.
D．In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是应用文，主介绍了美国几个美丽的国家公园。
21．细节理解题。文章Great Smoky Mountains National Park部分“Despite attracting large numbers of visitors, it presents plenty of opportunities for visitors to be alone, whether to go on a hike, take a scenic drive or relax at a park campsite. (尽管吸引了大量游客，但它为游客提供了很多独处的机会，无论是徒步旅行、风景优美的车程还是在公园露营地放松)”可知，在大雾山国家公园游客可以去野营，故选B。
22．细节理解题。文章Yellowstone National Park部分“sit at the highest point of one of the continent’s largest active supervolcanoes (位于该大陆最大的超级活火山之一的最高点)”可知，黄石国家公园位于一个超级火山之上，故选C。
23．细节理解题。文章Acadia National Park部分“Today visitors come to Acadia to hike rock peaks, bike along historic carriage roads, or relax and enjoy the natural beauty near the coast. (今天，游客们来到阿卡迪亚，徒步攀登岩峰，沿着历史悠久的马车路骑行，或者放松身心，享受海岸附近的自然美景)”可知，在阿卡迪亚国家公园可以欣赏海边风景，故选A。
B
A few years ago, the company I worked for sent my wife and me to live in New York for a year. I’ve always loved jogging (慢跑), so I was really happy when I found out the apartment they had rented for us was next to Central Park.
Because a lot of people had told me to be careful of robbers in the park，I didn’t usually take anything with me. How could they rob me if I didn’t have anything? But this one morning my wife asked me to buy some bread on the way home so I put a $10 bill in my back pocket.
It was a beautiful morning and the park was quiet with very few people walking or jogging around. While I was running, another jogger bumped into me. He apologized and continued running. For a while, I didn’t think too much of it. However, the warning of from others hit me. “It could have been a robber!” I suddenly became alarmed so I checked my pocket. I started shouting and demanding that he gave me the $10 bill. I’m not usually a hot-headed person, but I really lost my temper at that moment. I couldn’t believe the robbery was actually happening to me. Filled with anger, I shook my fist at him. This seemed to frighten him. He quickly put his hand in his pocket and gave me the money. Then he ran away as fast as he could.
I bought the bread and went home. As soon as I got home, I couldn’t wait to tell my wife the story. “You won’t believe what happened to me.” I started with pride. She immediately interrupted (插话).” I know you left the money for the bread on the kitchen table.
24．What made the author happy when he found the apartment?
A．He was fond of the scenery in the Central Park.
B．He preferred the new company where he worked.
C．He was likely to come across different local people.
D．He could find a suitable place to take morning exercises.
25．How did the author react when a strange jogger bumped into him?
A．He felt sorry for his carelessness.
B．He gave it a second thought but said nothing.
C．He sensed it strange and fought with the jogger.
D．He felt nothing at first but then thought of the warning.
26．How would the author feel after his wife mentioned the money on the table?
A．Confident and proud. B．Ashamed and upset.
C．Annoyed and curious. D．Pleasant and satisfied.
27．What can we learn from the author’s story?
A．Things are not always what you think they are.
B．Jogging can offer people extra money.
C．Some problems can be solved by force.
D．Never bump into a stranger while jogging.

【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者一开始笃定一个撞到他的慢跑者是抢劫犯，打了别人，并拿了10美元。后来才知道是自己把钱忘在家了，他误会了那个慢跑者。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’ve always loved jogging(慢跑), so I was really happy when I found out the apartment they had rented for us was next to Central Park.(我一直喜欢慢跑，所以当我发现他们为我们租的公寓就在中央公园旁边时，我真的很高兴)”可知，作者发现新公寓旁边是中央公园时非常高兴，因为这里适合慢跑。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“For a while, I didn’t think too much of it. However, the warning of from others hit me. “It could have been a robber!” I suddenly became alarmed so I checked my pocket. I started shouting and demanding that he gave me the $10 bill.(有那么一会儿，我没有想太多。然而，别人的警告突然提醒了我。“可能是抢劫犯！”我突然惊慌失措，于是检查了一下口袋。我开始大喊大叫，要求他把10美元的钞票给我)”可知，当另外一个慢跑者撞到作者时，作者一开始没有多想，但后来想起了别人的警告。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Filled with anger, I shook my fist at him. This seemed to frighten him. He quickly put his hand in his pocket and gave me the money. Then he ran away as fast as he could(我满怀愤怒，向他挥拳。这似乎吓坏了他。他很快把手伸进口袋，把钱给了我。然后他以最快的速度跑开了)”可知，作者误会了另外一个跑步者，打了别人，并收下了本来不属于自己的10美元。由此推知的，当妻子告诉他真相时作者可能会感到羞愧和难过。故选B。
27．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述作者一开始笃定一个撞到他的慢跑者是抢劫犯，打了别人，并拿了10美元。后来才知道是自己把钱忘在家了，他误会了那个慢跑者。由此推知，通过本文的故事我们得到的教训是：事情并不总是我们认为的那样。故选A。
C
Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death, but football, rugby and running may not help people to live longer, a study suggests.
A study followed more than 80,000 people for an average of nine years to find out if certain sports protected them against early death. It found that people who played racket sports regularly were the least likely to die over the study period, reducing their individual risk by 47 percent compared with people who did no exercise. Swimmers also reduced their chance of death by 28 percent, aerobics (有氧运动) fans by 27 percent and cyclists by 15 percent. Yet running appeared to have no impact at all on dying early, and neither did playing football or rugby.
Scientists say the difference may lie in the social aspect which goes alongside sports like tennis and squash (壁球), which often involve clubs and organized activities outside of the game. It means that people often have larger social net-works and tend to keep up activities into later life, both of which are proven to be good for health.
In contrast, people who play team sports often do not move onto a new sport once their teams break up for family, or injury reasons. They become watchers rather than participants in their chosen activity.
The researchers found that playing racket sports was associated with a 56 percent lower risk from heart death. Similarly, swimmers lowered their heart disease or stroke risk by 41 percent, and people who took part in activities like aerobics, dance or gymnastics lowered their risk by 36 percent. But again running, football and rugby had no significant impact on heart deaths.
However, other experts argue that this study must not be misinterpreted as showing that running and football do not protect against heart disease. In this study both runners and footballers had a lower rate of death from heart disease.
28．Which sport has hardly any impact on protecting people against early death?
A．Cycling. B．Swimming.
C．Rugby. D．Tennis.
29．According to the study, which makes a big difference in keeping healthy?
A．Playing basketball with their friends occasionally.
B．Watching football games every day.
C．Taking up gymnastics and joining a club.
D．Doing running in the park every day.
30．What is considered more important to people's health?
A．Social networks. B．Staying at home.
C．Physical examinations. D．Setting up families.
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Thousands of people participated in a 9-year research.
B．Study finds playing tennis helps people live longer.
C．It is wrong to say running has no impact on heart disease.
D．There are differences between racket sports and team games.

【答案】28．C 29．C 30．A 31．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。文章说明了研究过程，以及研究人员还发现，从事球拍类运动可使心脏死亡的风险降低56%，其他专家对此有不同的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death, but football, rugby and running may not help people to live longer, a study suggests.可知，一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。由此可知，橄榄球无法帮助人们长寿。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段Scientists say the difference may lie in the social aspect which goes alongside sports like tennis and squash, which often involve clubs and organized activities outside of the game. It means that people often have larger social net-works and tend to keep up activities into later life, both of which are proven to be good for health.可知，科学家们说，区别可能在于社交方面，它和网球、壁球等运动一样，经常涉及俱乐部和有组织的运动之外的活动。这意味着人们通常有更大的社交网络，并倾向于在以后的生活中保持活动，这两者都被证明对健康有好处。对比选项可知，根据这项研究，从事体操并加入一个俱乐部对保持健康有很大的影响。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中It means that people often have larger social net-works and tend to keep up activities into later life, both of which are proven to be good for health.可知，这意味着人们通常有更大的社交网络，并倾向于在以后的生活中保持活动，这两者都被证明对健康有好处。由此可知，社交网络对人们的健康更重要。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中Playing tennis regularly could help keep people off death, but football, rugby and running may not help people to live longer, a study suggests.可知，一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。结合文章主要说明了一项研究表明，经常打网球可以帮助人们避免死亡，但踢足球、打橄榄球和跑步可能无法帮助人们长寿。文章说明了研究过程，以及研究人员还发现，从事球拍类运动可使心脏死亡的风险降低56%，其他专家对此有不同的看法。故选B。
D
The Himalayan Mountains are home to the highest peak in Mount Everest. Now the first complete study of this remote region shows that its glaciers（冰川）lost billions of tons of ice from 2000 to 2016.
This is the first comprehensive look at what's happened to glaciers in the Himalaya over a 40-year time, said lead author Joshua Masurer.
“Our study shows a strong signal of glacier ice loss linked to rising temperatures from climate change,” Maurer says. As much as quarter of the regions ice has been lost, he said, “Temperatures in the region have risen one degree, and one degree was indeed enough to produce such a great loss of glacier ice.”
The signal showing Himalayan ice loss linked to rising temperatures would not be so clear if it weren't for the U.S satellites that photographed the region. Declassified（解密的）photos from those satellites were turned into 3-D models to show what the glaciers' elevations（海拔高度）and sizes were in the 1970s, Maurer said. Those were then compared to more recent complex NASA satellite photos that show changing elevations of the ice over time.
The ice and snow in the region are the source for Asia's great rivers. The study did not include the huge neighbouring ranges of high mountains, but other studies suggest that similar melting is under way there as well.
This melting means flooding and the creation of many glacial lakes. In May 2012, one such flood killed over 60 people in villages near Pokhara, Nepal; it also destroyed houses. Some 800 million people depend in part on rivers from Himalayan glaciers for irrigation, making electricity, and drinking water. The more rapid melting appears to increase the river water during warm seasons, but scientists say that will decrease within decades as the glaciers lose mass.
32．Why did the glaciers in the Himalayan Mountains lose much ice?
A．The climate change increased the temperature.
B．Many people used the ice to make electricity.
C．Many trees and much grass were destroyed.
D．The flooding and many glacial lakes took much ice away.
33．How did the scientists get the conclusion?
A．By making an interview with local people.
B．By studying the finding of other scientists.
C．By comparing the data collected by U.S. satellites.
D．By collecting information from the papers.
34．What can we infer from Paragraph 5?
A．The melting of ice is nothing serious.
B．Many Asian regions face the problem of ice loss.
C．Only the glaciers in Himalayan Mountains lose ice.
D．Many great rivers run to the Himalayan Mountains.
35．What is the purpose of giving the example in the last paragraph?
A．To show the risky results of the ice loss.
B．To show the risk of living near mountains.
C．To ask people to take action to use glaciers.
D．To predict the future of the Himalayan Mountains.

【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因为全球气候的变化导致喜马拉雅地区温度上升，进而导致冰川融化，以及由此带来的洪涝灾害、灌溉、用电等问题。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Our study shows a strong signal of glacier ice loss linked to rising temperatures from climate change”(我们的研究显示了一个强烈的信号，冰川的冰流失与气候变化导致的气温上升有关)可知，喜马拉雅山脉冰川融化的原因在于气候变化导致的温度上升。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段“The signal showing Himalayan ice loss linked to rising temperatures would not be so clear if it weren't for the U.S satellites that photographed the region. Declassified（解密的）photos from those satellites were turned into 3-D models to show what the glaciers' elevations（海拔高度）and sizes were in the 1970s, Maurer said. Those were then compared to more recent complex NASA satellite photos that show changing elevations of the ice over time.”(如果不是美国的卫星拍摄了这一地区，显示喜马拉雅冰川消融与气温上升有关的信号就不会如此清晰。毛雷尔说，这些卫星发回的解密照片被转换成3d模型，以显示20世纪70年代冰川的海拔和大小。然后将这些照片与美国国家航空航天局(NASA)最新的复杂卫星照片进行比较，这些照片显示了冰层随时间变化的海拔高度。)可知，研究结果是基于对美国卫星收集到的照片进行对比得出的。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段“The ice and snow in the region are the source for Asia's great rivers. The study did not include the huge neighbouring ranges of high mountains, but other studies suggest that similar melting is under way there as well.”(这个地区的冰雪是亚洲几条大河的源头。这项研究没有包括邻近的巨大高山山脉，但其他研究表明，类似的融化也在那里进行。)可知，有其他研究显示，类似于喜马拉雅山脉的冰雪融化也发生在其他临近的亚洲地区。故选B项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This melting means flooding and the creation of many glacial lakes. In May 2012, one such flood killed over 60 people in villages near Pokhara, Nepal; it also destroyed houses. Some 800 million people depend in part on rivers from Himalayan glaciers for irrigation, making electricity, and drinking water. The more rapid melting appears to increase the river water during warm seasons, but scientists say that will decrease within decades as the glaciers lose mass.”(这种融化意味着洪水和许多冰川湖的形成。2012年5月，一场这样的洪水在尼泊尔博克拉附近的村庄造成60多人死亡;它还摧毁了房屋。大约有8亿人部分依赖来自喜马拉雅冰川的河流进行灌溉、发电和饮用水。在温暖的季节，冰川融化的速度越快，河流的水量似乎就会增加，但科学家们表示，随着冰川体积的减少，这种情况将在几十年内减少。)可知，本段主要列举了冰川融化会带来洪涝，造成人员和财产的损失，同时对于灌溉、发电和饮水也会产生不利影响，可知本段落所举的例子是为了说明冰川流失带来的危险后果。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please. ___36___ For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and celebrate in the rewards of first-hand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures. Here are several steps to find a travel partner who will improve your journey.
___37___ Traveling should be fun. When you are on a trip, you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy. Preferably, your companion will want to do the same things as you.
Discuss financial plans. Before you travel, you should plan a budget. ___38___ You don’t want to be planning an expensive getaway when your friend is looking for budget travel.
Have an honest conversation. If you are thinking about traveling with a companion, take some time to have an open discussion. Schedule a time to sit down and talk. Try saying, “I know we’ve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together. Let’s have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.” ___39___ You should also talk about your travel style.
Find someone who is flexible. Choose a travel partner who can adjust. ___40___Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon. Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant you’ve been dying to try.
A. Look for someone with common interests.
B. You should discuss your goals for the trip.
C. Travel with a friend who is pretty easygoing.
D. But traveling with a partner has its benefits, too.
E. Make sure that you are on the same page concerning money.
F. Try to meet your new travel partner in person before your trip.
G. No matter how carefully you plan your trip, it is likely that something will go wrong.
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. E 39. B 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了对于选择旅游伙伴的一些建议。要选择兴趣相同且消费能力相近的伙伴一同旅游，这样可以在路上互相帮助。还要在旅游前与同伴进行充分讨论，这样可以减少旅行时与同伴的矛盾。
【36题详解】
根据后文“For example, a travel partner can provide practical support and celebrate in the rewards of first-hand experience with unfamiliar locations and cultures.(例如，旅行伙伴可以提供实际支持，并庆祝亲身体验陌生地点和文化的收获)”可知，后文提到旅行伙伴可以对你提供实际支持，并在你不熟悉的地方帮助你，可见与同伴旅行有其好处。故D选项“但结伴旅行也有好处”符合语境，与前文“Traveling alone gives you the freedom to create your own schedule and do as you please.(独自旅行可以让你自由地制定自己的时间表，随心所欲)”所讲的独自旅行的好处形成转折关系，故选D。
【37题详解】
根据后文“Traveling should be fun. When you are on a trip, you will want to do lots of activities that you enjoy. Preferably, your companion will want to do the same things as you.(旅行应该是有趣的。当你在旅行时，你会想要做很多你喜欢的活动。最好，你的伴侣会想做和你一样的事情)”可知，后文提到有共同兴趣的人才会想和你做同样的事情，所以本句是在建议要寻找有共同兴趣的人，故A选项“找一个有共同兴趣的人”符合语境，故选A。
【38题详解】
根据后文“You don’t want to be planning an expensive getaway when your friend is looking for budget travel.(当你的朋友正在寻找穷游的时候，你肯定不想计划一次昂贵的旅行)”可知，后文提到朋友想穷游，你就不能计划昂贵的旅行，可见两人金钱观要一致，所以选择旅行伙伴时，要确保你们的金钱观相同，也就是消费能力相近。故E选项“确保你们在金钱问题上达成一致”符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Have an honest conversation. If you are thinking about traveling with a companion, take some time to have an open discussion. Schedule a time to sit down and talk. Try saying, “I know we’ve talked about the idea of traveling through Europe together. Let’s have a coffee this week and actually talk that through.”(进行一次诚实的对话。如果你考虑结伴旅行，那就花点时间开诚布公地讨论一下。安排一个时间坐下来谈谈。试着说：“我知道我们已经讨论过一起去欧洲旅行的想法。这周我们一起喝杯咖啡，好好谈谈这个问题。”)”以及后文“You should also talk about your travel style.(你们还应该谈谈你们的旅行风格)”可知，本段中作者的建议花点时间开展一场讨论，故本句是在建议讨论的内容，故B选项“你们应该讨论一下旅行的目标”符合语境，故选B。
【40题详解】
根据后文“Maybe it will rain on the day you planned to visit the Grand Canyon. Or you might not be able to get reservations at that French restaurant you’ve been dying to try. (也许你计划去大峡谷的那天会下雨。又或者，你一直想去的那家法国餐厅可能订不到位子)”可知，后文提到因为也许天公不作美，当你想去大峡谷旅行时却下雨了，表明无论你多么小心地计划你的旅行，都很可能会出错。故G选项“不管你把旅行计划得多么仔细，还是有可能出差错”符合语境，故选G。

第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
More and more people around the world are taking a look at urban farming. It can make our food as 41 as possible. By growing what we need near where we live, we decrease the “food miles” linked with long-distance 42 . We also get the freshest 43 .
Growing fruits and vegetables in cities will benefit the community greatly. 44 can earn extra income by 45 excessive produce at community events and farmers’ markets. As such markets grow, they may 46 full-time staff from the community. Thus more job opportunities will be provided.
Another benefit of urban farming is that it can make our cities 47 . It will add plants, bring fresh air, and 48 shading. It can help raise people’s awareness about the environment. With more rooftops and yard gardens, local people would have more peaceful places for 49 . What’s more, a greener city will attract tourists.
However, there exist some 50 . For example, land in cities is often expensive. If more urban gardens are 51 , the rents and house prices will be raised. Urban soils are often loaded with poisons. This requires soil improvement 52 planting can be done 53 . Narrow space in cities can 54 the size of a farm. And getting enough water and sunlight can be a(n) 55 task. Considering all these problems, it seems that we still have a long way to go.
41．A．local B．delicious C．simple D．healthy
42．A．lines B．calls C．arrangement D．transportation
43．A．material B．evidence C．air D．produce
44．A．Customers B．Porters C．Growers D．Cleaners
45．A．collecting B．showing C．returning D．selling
46．A．hire B．help C．guide D．pay
47．A．larger B．greener C．busier D．quieter
48．A．use B．allow C．increase D．cover
49．A．communication B．retirement C．competition D．relaxation
50．A．difficulties B．losses C．sufferings D．doubts
51．A．tidied B．created C．improved D．designed
52．A．since B．unless C．when D．before
53．A．safely B．gradually C．slowly D．lately
54．A．reach B．limit C．vary D．match
55．A．pleasant B．dangerous C．huge D．immediate

【答案】
41．A 42．D 43．D 44．C 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界上越来越多的人开始关注城市农业。它给我们带来了很多好处，同时也带来了负面影响。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它使我们的食物尽可能地本地化。A. local 地方的，当地的；B. delicious 美味的；C. simple简单的；D. healthy健康的。根据后文“By growing what we need near where we live”可知，在我们居住的地方附近种植我们所需要的食物，即都市农业让食物尽可能“当地化”应用local。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在我们居住的地方附近种植我们所需要的东西，我们减少了与长途运输有关的“食物里程”。A. lines线路，方法；B. calls喊叫；C. arrangement安排；D. transportation运送，运输。根据上文“the “food miles” linked with long-distance”可知，食物当地化，长途运输会减少，故选D。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们也得到最新鲜的农产品。A. material材料，原料；B. evidence证据；C. air天空；D. produce农产品。根据上文语境可知，食物当地化，不用外面运来，自然可以得到最新鲜的农产品。故选D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：种植者可以通过社区活动和农贸市场售出多余的产品来赚取额外的收入。A. Customers 顾客；B. Porters 护工；C. Growers 种植者；D. Cleaners清洁员。根据上文“Growing fruits and vegetables in cities will benefit the community greatly.”可知，在城市里种植水果和蔬菜将使社区受益匪浅，说明是给种植者增加收入。故选C。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：种植者可以通过社区活动和农贸市场售出多余的产品来赚取额外的收入。A. collecting收集；B. showing 展示；C. returning 恢复；D. selling卖。根据前文“earn extra income”可知，此处指售卖多余的农产品赚钱。故选D。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这类市场的增长，他们可能会从社区雇用全职员工。A. hire雇用；B. help 帮助；C. guide 指导；D. pay付款。根据后文“full-time staff”可知指雇用全职员工。故选A。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：都市农业的另一个好处是它能使我们的城市变得更绿。A. larger更大的；B. greener 更绿的；C. busier更繁忙的；D. quieter更安静的。根据后文“It will add plants”和“a greener city”可知，都市农业增加了绿植，让城市变得更绿了。故选B。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它会增加植物，带来新鲜空气，增加遮荫。A. use使用；B. allow允许；C. increase 增加；D. cover遮盖。根据上文“It will add plants, bring fresh air”可知，都市农业会增加植物，带来新鲜空气，增加遮荫。故选C。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了更多的屋顶和庭院花园，当地人将有更多的安静的地方放松。A. communication交流；B. retirement 退休；C. competition 竞争；D. relaxation放松。结合上文“With more rooftops and yard gardens, local people would have more peaceful places for”可知，屋顶和庭院花园可以让人们放松。故选D。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，也存在一些困难。A. difficulties 困难；B. losses 损失，损耗；C. sufferings各种苦恼，折磨；D. doubts怀疑。根据后文“For example, land in cities is often expensive.”以及“Urban soils are often loaded with poisons.”“Considering all these problems”可知，在城市里种植蔬菜水果存在困难。故选A。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果创造更多的城市花园，租金和房价就会提高。A. tidied 使整洁；B. created 创造；C. improved 提高；D. designed设计。根据上文“more urban gardens”以及后文“the rents and house prices will be raised”可知，指创造更多的城市花园，租金和房价就会提高。故选B。
52．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这需要在安全种植前改善土壤。A. since 从……以来；B. unless 除非；C. when 当……时候；D. before在……之前。根据上文“Urban soils are often loaded with poisons.”可知，城市土壤通常含有毒素，所以在种植之前需要改善土壤，应用before。故选D。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这需要在安全种植前改善土壤。A. safely 安全地；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. slowly 缓慢地；D. lately近来，最近。根据上文“Urban soils are often loaded with poisons.”可知，城市土壤通常含有毒素，所以土壤需要改善，使之更安全。故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市狭小的空间限制了农场的规模。A. reach 到达；B. limit 限制；C. vary变化，不同；D. match适应，使相配。根据上文“Narrow space in cities”可知，城市狭小的空间限制了农场的规模。故选B。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：获得足够的水和阳光是一项艰巨的任务。A. pleasant令人愉快的；B. dangerous危险的；C. huge 巨大的；D. immediate立即的。根据上文“Narrow space in cities can…the size of a farm.”可知，城市狭小的空间限制了农场的规模，所以获得足够的水和阳光是一项艰巨的任务。故选C。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deyuan Steamed Bun has thin skin and lots of sweet stuffing made of candy. Meat stuffing is made from pork, dried mushrooms, and jelly oil.
56 (build) during the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty, Deyuan got 57 (it) name from a passage in an ancient book, “Where there is happiness, there is endurance (长久).” Initially, it was a small shop run by 58 couple; then it changed owners after no great success.
In the beginning of the Republic of China, several unemployed official chefs bought Deyuan, moved it to the crossing of Fangxi Lane and 59 (offer) customers dishes of the feudal official. There 60 (be) always some leftovers (余料) of seafood and fresh food, so they chopped (切碎) them up 61 (make) stuffing for the buns. 62 surprised them was that the buns with this stuffing were quite popular, and from then 63 the Deyuan Steamed Bun became famous.
After a fire accident, some of the 64 (origin) chefs rebuilt the restaurant and named it Deyuan Teahouse. It has 65 (gradual) become well known in Changsha for its “Eight Baozi”, which are Rose and Sugar, Dried Mushroom and Pork, Sugar and Salt Vegetable, Crystal Sugar, Sesame, Shrimp and Pork, Seashell and Pork and Barbecued Pork Baozi.

【答案】
56．Built 57．its 58．a/one 59．offered 60．were 61．to make 62．What 63．on 64．original 65．gradually
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了德园包子的历史。
56．考查非谓语动词。句意：建于清朝光绪年间，德园得名于一本古籍中的一段话：“有德则乐，乐则能久。”分析句子，空处作非谓语动词，build与逻辑主语Deyuan之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填Built。
57．考查代词。句意：建于清朝光绪年间，德园得名于一本古籍中的一段话：“有德则乐，乐则能久。”结合语意，此处表示德园的名字，应用形容词性物主代词its表示“它的”。故填its。
58．考查冠词/数词。句意：起初，这是一家由一对夫妇经营的小店。结合语意，空处可使用不定冠词，泛指“一对夫妇”，couple以辅音音素开头，应用a。也可使用数词one，表示“一对”。故填a/one。
59．考查时态。句意：民国初年，几位失业的官厨买下了德园，把它搬到了樊西巷口，为顾客提供官府菜。分析句子，空处与moved并列作谓语动词，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填offered。
60．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总有海味鲜货等余料留下，所以他们将其剁碎做包子馅。根据句中chopped使用过去式形式可知，句子使用一般过去时，there be句型中，be动词的数应与靠近的名词一致，some leftovers是复数，be动词应用were。故填were。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：总有海味鲜货等余料留下，所以他们将其剁碎做包子馅。结合语意，空处表示目的，应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to make。
62．考查连词。句意：让他们惊讶的是，这种馅料的包子很受欢迎，从此德园包子就出名了。分析句子，空处引导从句作句子主语，且连接词在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”，应用what引导主语从句。故填What。
63．考查介词。句意：让他们惊讶的是，这种馅料的包子很受欢迎，从此德园包子就出名了。结合语意，空处应填介词on，构成from then on，表示“从那时起”。故填on。
64．考查形容词。句意：一场火灾后，部分原厨师重建了这家餐厅，并将其命名为德园茶馆。空处修饰名词chefs，应用形容词形式作定语，original是形容词，表示“原来的”。故填original。
65．考查副词。句意：它以其“八大名包”在长沙逐渐出名。分析句子，空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式作状语，gradually是副词，表示“逐步地，逐渐地”。故填gradually。

第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 在近些年某些人大代表多次提出要将英语踢出高考的背景下，“Youth”杂志现面对全国高中生征文，旨在了解年轻人对此的观点。请你给“Youth”投稿，阐明你的观点，并说明理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Should English stay or go?
While some people advocate that English be excluded from the college entrance examination, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】                
Should English stay or go?
While some people advocate that English be excluded from the college entrance examination, I firmly believe that English should continue to be a major subject within the Gaokao.
First and foremost, English is considered the universal language of the world, and therefore, possessing a good command of the language is essential in today’s globalized world. Moreover, English is also a gateway to higher education. Many universities and colleges worldwide require applicants to have a certain level of proficiency in English. Removing English from the curriculum would put our students at a disadvantage. Lastly, English is a subject that opens up avenues for personal growth and self-improvement. Studying English helps students develop critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills, all of which are vital in today’s fast-paced and ever-changing society.
66. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。请你给“Youth”投稿，阐明你对“英语应不应该被踢出高考”的观点，并说明理由。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
移除：remove
关键：crucial
主要的：major
普世的，普遍性的，全体的，通用的：universal
拥有：possess
Essential：必不可少的
2. 句型积累
A. 我坚定地认为 I firmly believe that...
B. 首先 First and foremost,
五、读后续写
67．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I can’t like it.” My daughter made a face and spit her spinach (菠菜) back onto her plate. “I want nuggets (鸡块)! All my friends at school get whatever they want for dinner. I hate you!” She was screaming while throwing her food on the floor.  
Annoyed, but bound and determined not to be one of those moms who gave in to her child’s picky (挑剔的) eating habits, I gathered myself and tried a different approach. I gave her a serious “don’t-mess-with-me” look and said, “Come on, you know the rule.”
“Yes, I should try everything three times,” she replied with a roll of her eyes.
“That’s right,” I said in my sweetest mom voice. “So two more bites.”
When I was a child, my mother said I had to try every food three times. Her reasoning was this: one time to try it, the second time to get over the fact that you had just tried it, and the third to make sure that you don’t like it. After those three attempts, if I still hated the taste, she would never make me eat it again. Her reasonable and supportive approach worked almost every time.
I was raising my daughter with this same reasonable rule. A small smile crept onto my face now as I saw her swallow her second bite of spinach and then open her mouth for the third. She slowly chewed her final forced bite, and my thoughts returned to how the “three things rule” had affected my life.
As I grew older, I brought that three-times philosophy into my daily life. Every time I was faced with something outside my comfort zone, I repeated to myself that I should try everything three times, and it gave me the strength to move ahead. From public speaking to job interviews, all my major fears had somehow been faced by one simple idea: Try everything three times.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My thoughts wandered back to the time when I tried jumping off the terrifying diving board.________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Mommy, I can like it now,” my daughter said, her voice pulling me out of my memories. __
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
My thoughts wandered back to the time when I tried jumping off the terrifying diving board. I had been frightened of the diving board at the pool, but I had managed to make the first attempt. Though I breathed in some water, I was up and out of the pool, heading back to that diving board. I barely paused before I jumped off with a flourish the second time. More coughing was followed, but I was determined to beat this fear. The third time there was no fear and no water in my nose. Actually there were cheers from the others at the pool. At that point, I found myself fascinated by diving.
“Mommy, I can like it now,” my daughter said, her voice pulling me out of my memories. I smiled, pleased to see that my “three-times philosophy” also worked with my daughter. We are all afraid of the unknown. But how can we be sure that something won’t be enjoyable unless we give it a shot? After all, if I hadn’t tried everything three times, you would not be reading this. In my mid-thirties, I left a successful job that did not fulfill me to pursue my dream of being a writer. After two rejections, I tried for a third time. I have been happily living the life of a writer ever since. And my daughter the picky eater? Spinach has been one of her favorites.
【导语】本文以人物为线索，讲述了作者以及作者母亲所使用过的“尝试每种食物三次”的方法，这种方法帮助他们逐渐适应新的食物口味，对于作者来说，这种方法也给了他面对不适应的生活事物的勇气。作者希望孩子也能学习这种方法，不盲目地拒绝尝试新的食物和经历。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我的思绪飘回了我试图从可怕的跳板上跳下来的时候。”可知，第一段可描写作者回想起了曾从跳板上跳水的经历。
②由第二段首句内容““妈妈，我现在可以喜欢了，”我女儿说，她的声音把我从回忆中拉了出来。”可知，第二段可描写作者对“三次哲学”的感激，以及感悟。
2.续写线索：回忆跳水——几次尝试——最后成功——女儿说喜欢上了潜水——感激“三次哲学”——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①设法做成某事：manage to do sth/succeed in doing sth.
②停顿：pause/break/rest/stop
③下定决心做某事：be determined to do/decide to do /make up one’s mind
情绪类
①高兴的：pleased/happy/cheerful
②害怕的：afarid/fearful/scared
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Though I breathed in some water, I was up and out of the pool, heading back to that diving board.( Though引导的让步状语从句)
[高分句型2]. In my mid-thirties, I left a successful job that did not fulfill me to pursue my dream of being a writer. (that引导的定语从句语从句)