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【专题复习】（江苏地区）2024年中职高考英语 一轮复习讲练测 专题19：虚拟语气及主谓一致（试卷）
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这是一份【专题复习】（江苏地区）2024年中职高考英语 一轮复习讲练测 专题19：虚拟语气及主谓一致（试卷），共38页。试卷主要包含了主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点01、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词做主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例：All the scientific evidence shws that increasing use f chemicals in farming is damaging ur health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
What he said is far frm the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with,tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than, including,in additin t等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例：The leader and artist as well as sme f ur English teachers was given a chance t g abrad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。
I think Tm, rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and,连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting rm.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
例：My friend shwed me arund the twn, which was very kind f him.
我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。
5．“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each,every, n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
例：Many a parent has had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party held n Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
考点02、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
例：The whle class, which is made up f twenty bys and fifteen girls, were tld t stay behind after schl t have an imprtant meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。
注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如peple,plice等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
2．“分数/百分数/the majrity＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all,sme, half, mst, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
例：Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altgether mre than 70 percent f the surface f the earth is cvered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例：The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.
病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4．a quantity f后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities f后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
例：A quantity f time has been wasted n the prject.＝Quantities f time have been wasted n the prject.
大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
5．“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：The number f peple invited was ne hundred, but a number f them were absent fr different reasns.
收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例：Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.
对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。
考点03、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由r,, , nt (als)．..,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
例：Nt nly Jhn and Tm but als their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the pian lessns.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2．在there be句型中，若有n个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
例：There are three bks and a pen n the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
虚拟语气
考点01、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
考点02、Wish/as if/as thugh/if nly后的虚拟语气
Wish 引导的宾语从句，as if/thugh 引导的表语从句或状语从句以及if nly 引导的句子或从句，其虚拟语气的情况是一样的。
考点03、wuld rather(宁愿..) 后的虚拟语气
Wuld rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
好题必测
1．The by tgether with his friends _________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．was playingB．are playingC．were playingD．is playing
2．The famus writer and actr ________ gne t Shanghai fr the shw.
A．hasB．haveC．isD．are
3．There ________ a shw abut classical music in the art festival in ur schl.
A．will haveB．is ging t haveC．are ging t beD．will be
4．________ my dad ________ my mum cks breakfast fr me. I always buy sme bread and milk.
A．Either…r…B．Neither…nr…C．Bth…and…D．Nt nly…but als…
5．My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I gt hme yesterday evening.
A．are makingB．is makingC．was makingD．were making
6．The father as well as his three children ________ skating n the frzen river every Sunday afternn in winter.
A．is gingB．gC．gesD．are ging
7．_________ Mr. Hunt _________ his friends is ging t visit the museum.
A．Nt nly; but alsB．/; rather thanC．Bth; andD．Neither; nr
8．Hw time flies! Three years ________ since we came t this schl.
A．has gne byB．have gne awayC．are ging byD．went away
9．There’re always lts f ________ in the street during the Chinese Spring Festival.
A．pepleB．strangerC．trafficD．student
10．One thusand kilmeters ________ quite a lng way t the ancients,but nw we can cmplete the jurney in abut ne hur by air.
A．wasB．hadC．wereD．have
11．I plan t travel t America next mnth, and I think 2000 dllars ________ enugh.
A．wasB．areC．isD．were
12．A large number f cuntries ________ interested in the Belt and Rad Initiative. And the number f them ________ increasing.
A．is；isB．is；areC．are；areD．are；is
13．Peter is the nly ne f the club members wh ________ t be prmted.
A．is gingB．are gingC．has been gingD．have been ging
14．________ f the wrkers in this factry ________ in ________.
A．Three-fifth; are; twentiesB．Three-fifth; is; twenty
C．Three-fifths; are; their twentiesD．Three-fifths; is; their twenty
15．The survey shws that ________ f the students ________ reading English nvels.
A．tw-third; isB．tw-three; areC．tw-thirds; isD．tw-thirds; are
16．Jacksn suggested we ______ ur parents fr help if we have truble.
A．askB．askingC．askedD．t ask
17．We ________ last night, but we went t the cinema instead.
A．must have studiedB．might studyC．shuld have studiedD．wuld study
18．If I ________ harder when I was yung, I ________ a university and lived a different life.
A．wrked; wuld enteredB．had wrked; wuld have entered
C．wuld wrked; had enteredD．have wrked; will have entered
19．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river ________ s seriusly nw.
A．is nt pllutedB．wuld nt be pllutedC．had nt been pllutedD．wuld nt have been plluted
20．She desn’t stick t her exercises and a balanced diet. If she _______, she wuld remain slim and healthy.
A．had dneB．wuld dC．didD．shuld
重点小练
1．Nt nly Hannah but als Jack and Peter fnd f the brand-new rbt dg with artificial intelligence.
A．are; equippedB．is; equipped
C．are; equippingD．is; equipping
2．Either yu r yur sister ________ because ne f yu must stay at hme.
A．gB．gesC．gingD．t g
3．Nt nly sme internatinal stars but als the Chinese singer and dancer ________ wnderful perfrmances at the cncert recently.
A．has givenB．have givenC．is givingD．will be giving
4．Nt nly she but als I ______ interested in Maths.
A．isB．areC．amD．be
5．Neither Jerry nr Jack ________ abut the things which happened in the camp ever since they came back.
A．have talkedB．has talkedC．talkedD．had talked
6．Large amunts f mney ______ spent n the magnificent building, but the pr ________nt allwed t have a single rm.
A．has been, areB．have been, isC．have been, areD．has been, is
7．Half f the class ________ mst f the wrk, sme f which ________ really difficult.
A．have dne; isB．has dne; are
C．has dne; isD．have dne; are
8．Recently, the majrity f cities ________ severely plluted and a series f events ________.
A．have been; has taken placeB．are; have taken place
C．is; have been taken placeD．has been; has been taken place
9．A pet and artist ________ cming t speak t us abut Chinese painting tmrrw.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
10．The league secretary and mnitr ________invited t make a speech at the meeting.
A．hasB．haveC．areD．is
11．The cmpany had abut 20 ntebk cmputers but nly ne third ________ used regularly. Nw we have wrking all day lng.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
12．A series f accidents __________ in the past few years.
A．reprtedB．has been reprtedC．have been reprted D．were reprted
13．Due t the utbreak f the epidemic in China, a large quantity f freign teachers and students ________abrad.
A．stuckB．were stuckC．was stuckD．have stuck
14．The vlunteers a lt f help t the cmmunity fr nearly ten years.
A．fferedB．will fferC．are fferingD．have ffered
15．Nearly _______f the earth ________cvered by sea.
A．three furth; isB．three furths; is
C．three furth; areD．three furths; are
16．They bth lk as if they ________ ten years yunger after their heart-t-heart talk.
A．areB．wereC．have beenD．had been
17．If the electric light ________ invented, peple ________ in darkness during night at that time.
A．were nt; culd have livedB．were nt; culd live
C．had nt been; culd have livedD．had nt been; culd live
18．We _______ that we wuld be able t leave tmrrw. But it’s beginning t lk difficult.
A．have hpedB．had hpedC．wuld hpeD．shuld hpe
19．If the new safety system ________ t use, the tragedy this mrning wuld never have happened.
A．had been putB．were putC．shuld be putD．wuld be put
20．If he had nt skipped breakfast s frequently, he ______ with stmachache nw.
A．wuld nt end upB．wuld nt have ended up
C．will nt have ended upD．will nt end up
情况
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+动词的过去式/were
主语+shuld / wuld/
culd / might + 动词原形
If I had lts f mney,I wuld give it away t charities.
与过去事实相反
主语+ had +过去分词
主语+ shuld / wuld/ culd / might + have +过去分词
If yu had taken my advice,yu wuldn’t have failed in the exam.
与将来事实相反
主语+动词的过去式/shuld +动词原形/were t +动词原形
主语+shuld / wuld/
culd / might + 动词原形
If he were t cme here tmrrw,I wuld accmpany him t the Summer Palace.
表示现在的情况
谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)
例句：
If nly my mther were here nw!
（表示现在的情况）
The huse was in mess.It lked as if it had been bmbed.(表示过去的情况）
I wish I culd fly t the mn by spaceship ne day.(表示将来的情况）
表示过去的情况
谓语动词用过去完成时
表示将来的情况
谓语动词用过去将来完成时(wuld/culd/might/shuld +动词原形）
表示现在和将来事实相反
谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)
例句：
I’d rather that they didn’t g t the cinema tnight.
She lks s sad.I wuld rather I hadn’t tld her the bad news.
表示过去的事实相反
谓语动词用过去完成时
一、主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点01、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词做主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例：All the scientific evidence shws that increasing use f chemicals in farming is damaging ur health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
What he said is far frm the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with,tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than, including,in additin t等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
例：The leader and artist as well as sme f ur English teachers was given a chance t g abrad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师一样去年得到了一次出国的机会。
I think Tm, rather than yu is t blame fr the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and,连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting rm.
她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。
The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
例：My friend shwed me arund the twn, which was very kind f him.
我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。
5．“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each,every, n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
例：Many a parent has had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party held n Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
考点02、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
例：The whle class, which is made up f twenty bys and fifteen girls, were tld t stay behind after schl t have an imprtant meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成，昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。
注意：形式为单数但意义为复数概念的集合名词(如peple,plice等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
2．“分数/百分数/the majrity＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all,sme, half, mst, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
例：Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altgether mre than 70 percent f the surface f the earth is cvered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例：The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.
病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4．a quantity f后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于f后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities f后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
例：A quantity f time has been wasted n the prject.＝Quantities f time have been wasted n the prject.
大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
5．“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：The number f peple invited was ne hundred, but a number f them were absent fr different reasns.
收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例：Three thusand dllars is quite a lt f mney fr a by.
对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。
考点03、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由r,, , nt (als)．..,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。
例：Nt nly Jhn and Tm but als their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the pian lessns.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
Either yu r ne f yur students is t attend the meeting that is due tmrrw.
你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
2．在there be句型中，若有n个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
例：There are three bks and a pen n the desk.
桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
虚拟语气
考点01、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
考点02、Wish/as if/as thugh/if nly后的虚拟语气
Wish 引导的宾语从句，as if/thugh 引导的表语从句或状语从句以及if nly 引导的句子或从句，其虚拟语气的情况是一样的。
考点03、wuld rather(宁愿..) 后的虚拟语气
Wuld rather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
好题必测
1．The by tgether with his friends _________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．was playingB．are playingC．were playingD．is playing
2．The famus writer and actr ________ gne t Shanghai fr the shw.
A．hasB．haveC．isD．are
3．There ________ a shw abut classical music in the art festival in ur schl.
A．will haveB．is ging t haveC．are ging t beD．will be
4．________ my dad ________ my mum cks breakfast fr me. I always buy sme bread and milk.
A．Either…r…B．Neither…nr…C．Bth…and…D．Nt nly…but als…
5．My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I gt hme yesterday evening.
A．are makingB．is makingC．was makingD．were making
6．The father as well as his three children ________ skating n the frzen river every Sunday afternn in winter.
A．is gingB．gC．gesD．are ging
7．_________ Mr. Hunt _________ his friends is ging t visit the museum.
A．Nt nly; but alsB．/; rather thanC．Bth; andD．Neither; nr
8．Hw time flies! Three years ________ since we came t this schl.
A．has gne byB．have gne awayC．are ging byD．went away
9．There’re always lts f ________ in the street during the Chinese Spring Festival.
A．pepleB．strangerC．trafficD．student
10．One thusand kilmeters ________ quite a lng way t the ancients,but nw we can cmplete the jurney in abut ne hur by air.
A．wasB．hadC．wereD．have
11．I plan t travel t America next mnth, and I think 2000 dllars ________ enugh.
A．wasB．areC．isD．were
12．A large number f cuntries ________ interested in the Belt and Rad Initiative. And the number f them ________ increasing.
A．is；isB．is；areC．are；areD．are；is
13．Peter is the nly ne f the club members wh ________ t be prmted.
A．is gingB．are gingC．has been gingD．have been ging
14．________ f the wrkers in this factry ________ in ________.
A．Three-fifth; are; twentiesB．Three-fifth; is; twenty
C．Three-fifths; are; their twentiesD．Three-fifths; is; their twenty
15．The survey shws that ________ f the students ________ reading English nvels.
A．tw-third; isB．tw-three; areC．tw-thirds; isD．tw-thirds; are
16．Jacksn suggested we ______ ur parents fr help if we have truble.
A．askB．askingC．askedD．t ask
17．We ________ last night, but we went t the cinema instead.
A．must have studiedB．might studyC．shuld have studiedD．wuld study
18．If I ________ harder when I was yung, I ________ a university and lived a different life.
A．wrked; wuld enteredB．had wrked; wuld have entered
C．wuld wrked; had enteredD．have wrked; will have entered
19．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river ________ s seriusly nw.
A．is nt pllutedB．wuld nt be pllutedC．had nt been pllutedD．wuld nt have been plluted
20．She desn’t stick t her exercises and a balanced diet. If she _______, she wuld remain slim and healthy.
A．had dneB．wuld dC．didD．shuld
重点小练
1．Nt nly Hannah but als Jack and Peter fnd f the brand-new rbt dg with artificial intelligence.
A．are; equippedB．is; equipped
C．are; equippingD．is; equipping
2．Either yu r yur sister ________ because ne f yu must stay at hme.
A．gB．gesC．gingD．t g
3．Nt nly sme internatinal stars but als the Chinese singer and dancer ________ wnderful perfrmances at the cncert recently.
A．has givenB．have givenC．is givingD．will be giving
4．Nt nly she but als I ______ interested in Maths.
A．isB．areC．amD．be
5．Neither Jerry nr Jack ________ abut the things which happened in the camp ever since they came back.
A．have talkedB．has talkedC．talkedD．had talked
6．Large amunts f mney ______ spent n the magnificent building, but the pr ________nt allwed t have a single rm.
A．has been, areB．have been, isC．have been, areD．has been, is
7．Half f the class ________ mst f the wrk, sme f which ________ really difficult.
A．have dne; isB．has dne; are
C．has dne; isD．have dne; are
8．Recently, the majrity f cities ________ severely plluted and a series f events ________.
A．have been; has taken placeB．are; have taken place
C．is; have been taken placeD．has been; has been taken place
9．A pet and artist ________ cming t speak t us abut Chinese painting tmrrw.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
10．The league secretary and mnitr ________invited t make a speech at the meeting.
A．hasB．haveC．areD．is
11．The cmpany had abut 20 ntebk cmputers but nly ne third ________ used regularly. Nw we have wrking all day lng.
A．isB．areC．wasD．were
12．A series f accidents __________ in the past few years.
A．reprtedB．has been reprtedC．have been reprted D．were reprted
13．Due t the utbreak f the epidemic in China, a large quantity f freign teachers and students ________abrad.
A．stuckB．were stuckC．was stuckD．have stuck
14．The vlunteers a lt f help t the cmmunity fr nearly ten years.
A．fferedB．will fferC．are fferingD．have ffered
15．Nearly _______f the earth ________cvered by sea.
A．three furth; isB．three furths; is
C．three furth; areD．three furths; are
16．They bth lk as if they ________ ten years yunger after their heart-t-heart talk.
A．areB．wereC．have beenD．had been
17．If the electric light ________ invented, peple ________ in darkness during night at that time.
A．were nt; culd have livedB．were nt; culd live
C．had nt been; culd have livedD．had nt been; culd live
18．We _______ that we wuld be able t leave tmrrw. But it’s beginning t lk difficult.
A．have hpedB．had hpedC．wuld hpeD．shuld hpe
19．If the new safety system ________ t use, the tragedy this mrning wuld never have happened.
A．had been putB．were putC．shuld be putD．wuld be put
20．If he had nt skipped breakfast s frequently, he ______ with stmachache nw.
A．wuld nt end upB．wuld nt have ended up
C．will nt have ended upD．will nt end up
情况
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+动词的过去式/were
主语+shuld / wuld/
culd / might + 动词原形
If I had lts f mney,I wuld give it away t charities.
与过去事实相反
主语+ had +过去分词
主语+ shuld / wuld/ culd / might + have +过去分词
If yu had taken my advice,yu wuldn’t have failed in the exam.
与将来事实相反
主语+动词的过去式/shuld +动词原形/were t +动词原形
主语+shuld / wuld/
culd / might + 动词原形
If he were t cme here tmrrw,I wuld accmpany him t the Summer Palace.
表示现在的情况
谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)
例句：
If nly my mther were here nw!
（表示现在的情况）
The huse was in mess.It lked as if it had been bmbed.(表示过去的情况）
I wish I culd fly t the mn by spaceship ne day.(表示将来的情况）
表示过去的情况
谓语动词用过去完成时
表示将来的情况
谓语动词用过去将来完成时(wuld/culd/might/shuld +动词原形）
表示现在和将来事实相反
谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were)
例句：
I’d rather that they didn’t g t the cinema tnight.
She lks s sad.I wuld rather I hadn’t tld her the bad news.
表示过去的事实相反
谓语动词用过去完成时
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